ISMEP GUIDE BOOKS
Istanbul ADMIP Disaster and Emergency Prevention Response and Recovery Plan
PARKS OF ISTANBUL
Istanbul ADMIP Disaster and Emergency Prevention Response and Recovery Plan Published in the scope of “Istanbul Seismic Risk Mitigation and Emergency Preparedness Project” (ISMEP) conducted by Governorship of Istanbul, Istanbul Project Coordination Unit (IPCU) ISMEP Guide Books have been prepared by Beyaz Gemi Social Project Agency.
June 2014, Istanbul
Copyright©2014
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced and circulated by electronic, digital or mechanical means without written permission of Istanbul Project Coordination Unit (IPCU) or Istanbul Provincial Disaster and Emergency Directorate (Istanbul DED). This book may not be used for profit purpose. Executive Bodies Governorship of Istanbul Istanbul Provincial Disaster and Emergency Directorate (Istanbul DED) Istanbul Project Coordination Unit (IPCU)
Academic Consultant Prof. Dr. Mikdat Kadıoğlu
We thank to the employees of both Istanbul DED and IPCU for their contribution in the preparation of this book. Contents
6 Introduction
8 ADMIP for an Istanbul Prepared for Disaster 12 Disaster Preparedness Works Conducted in Istanbul and ADMIP 14 Istanbul Provincial Disaster and Emergency Directorate (Istanbul DED)
16 Disaster Management and Basic Concepts
18 Management and Organization 19 Plan and Planning 19 Organizing and Coordination 20 Hazard and Risk 21 Incıdent, Emergency and Disaster 22 Disaster Management 25 Disaster Management Worldwide and Its Development 29 Planning in Disaster Management
32 ADMIP
34 Turkish National Disaster Intervention Plan and ADMIP 36 Characteristics of ADMIP 37 Basic Scenario of the Plan 38 ADMIP Organization Chart 40 Response and Operations Service 42 Information and Planning Service 42 Logistics and Maintenance Service 43 Finance and Management Service 44 ADMIP Service Groups 45 Implementation and Operation of ADMIP 46 Organization Chart at Provincial Level 48 Process Management of ADMIP and Works Performed 49 ADMIP Process Stages 51 Output of ADMIP Works 52 ADMIP Meeting 2013 for the Safe Future of Istanbul
54 Continuity of ADMIP
56 Ensure the Business Continuity for Organizations 60 Social, Environmental and Economic Effects of ADMIP 62 Integrated Urban Disaster Risk Management Strategy 66 e - admip 67 Volunteering System 67 Communication Strategy
70 Importance of Media in the Planning Works 6 INTRODUCTION DISASTER MANAGEMENT AND BASIC CONCEPTS ADMIP CONTINUITY OF ADMIP
Gülhane Park ISMEP GUIDE BOOKS ISTANBUL ADMIP 7
Introduction 8 INTRODUCTION DISASTER MANAGEMENT AND BASIC CONCEPTS ADMIP CONTINUITY OF ADMIP
ADMIP for a Disaster Prepared Istanbul
Prof. Dr. Mikdat Kadıoğlu Disaster Management Research and Practice Center Academic Member
The experience has 7.4 Marmara earthquake which be trapped in wreckage”, instead shown that we need a has affected Istanbul, Kocaeli, of the operations performed better training, teaching, Sakarya, Yalova, Bolu, Eskişehir by the question “how we could preparation and and Bursa on August 17, 1999 and save people from wreckage”. planning on disaster and 7.2 Bolu eartquake on November Because of all these reason, a new emergency management 12, 1999 have caused great damage. restructuring was performed Additionally, earthquakes, floods, under the Disaster and Emergency in Turkey. explosion of ammunition store, Department in Turkey by the Law forest fires, and concaves formed, 5902. Furthermore, considerable terrorism and other disasters after earthquake risk reduction 1999 all have clearly indicated that operations were started for we need a better training, teaching, transformation of the areas subject preparation and planning to disaster risk in our country. on disaster and emergency management in Turkey. Additionally, is at is known, official rescue teams should give In other words, our country had to priority to the collective living break the vicious circle of disaster, areas, particularly schools, at the destruction and relief. For this time of disaster depending on purpose, more importance had to time of the day. For a number of be given to the risk management reasons, it would take time for the consisting of reduction of loss and expert search and rescue teams to damage as well as preparation all disaster areas, organizations operations rather than the crisis and entities in the location. In management involved with other words, it is quite clear intervention and improvement that not only several persons in operations, is the modern disaster charge, but the cities, districts and management requires. organizations should collectively prepare for disaster and emergency In short, now priority should cases. have been given in our country to target that “people should not ISMEP GUIDE BOOKS ISTANBUL ADMIP 9
Looking from this perspective, understanding of disaster plans Thus, an effective command ‘disaster preparedness” trainings and we should implement the same system and use of common to be launched in the body of each at each level as soon as possible. language and methods will organization will gain meaning create an effective disaster and and the planning operations at Although behind the disaster emergency management with our different levels will constitute operations performed formerly central and local managements a considerable progress for our lie rather or only “search-rescue” through a simple, but functional country. mentality, a number of deficiencies organizational structure. This has remained in the matter of organizational structure will be Of course, the statement “planners response. For example, there was compliant with the organization of planlesness are planned to no incident command system on structure of normal times and failure” tells us that when the site which creates a combination take place in the disaster and disasters and emergency cases of communication, personnel, emergency plans to be prepared. suddenly occur, it is generally very equipment and facilities in a hard to find an effective solution at standardized organizational In order that the emergency that moment. structure in case of response. response teams may act synchronously, Incident Moral and material damages And it was not possible to make Command System, standard across we have experienced in the and implement plan without the country and at each level, will recent years have made us adopt a modular site emergency be spread and used before, during the fact that each entity and management system formulized and after the disaster. organization should have a good for each level and at all hazards plan, eliminating such phrases in which emergency services such The same Incident Command such as “we do not need plan, but as Incident Command system System to be implemented in our food” However, in our country, may be established and managed. disaster plans will provide easiness in order to break the “destruction However, such a standard and important benefits in practice. by disaster-relief” cycle”, we management system should be And by this approach, the disaster should develop a more accurate foundation for all disaster and and emergency response plants at emergency preparedness and any level will also be dealt again. response management on local, city, provincial and national basis. 10 INTRODUCTION DISASTER MANAGEMENT AND BASIC CONCEPTS ADMIP CONTINUITY OF ADMIP
Istanbul Earthquake Zones Map
1st Degree Earthquake Zone 2nd Degree Earthquake Zone 3rd Degree Earthquake Zone 4th Degree Earthquake Zone
ADMIP is a plan where Today, the security is given priority And other benefits of the disaster common mind and in the development operations, and management operations include experience of the it is intended to minimize all risks prevention of economic loss world and the resulting related to possible hazards in the that may arise from disaster and integrated scientific planning of the cities. emergency cases, conduct of a principles an methods predefined working schedule free Preservation of the public and of any problem and improvement related to integrated environmental health is directly of the workforce in a positive way. disaster management related to behaviors, knowledge are synthesized to and skills of the city dwellers Because of all these reasons, the address to the issues individually in this respect. simplest and correct answer to the and requirements In this context, attention and question “who is responsible for specific to Istanbul. continuous training of the continuity of life, goods and work/ local administrations, entities service” is “everybody”. and organizations bear great importance. To summarize, now our password should be “everybody, each Primary function of the disaster family and each organization in management operations is to our country should be prepared protect the people and spaces my to the disasters in our country”. reduction of possibility of disaster Furthermore, we should always and emergency. remember the statement by General Eisenhower, “plan is nothing, but planning process is everything”. ISMEP GUIDE BOOKS ISTANBUL ADMIP 11
District Population Densities According to the Address-Based Population Registration System
600,000 – 750,000 Persons 450,000 - 600,000 Persons 300,000 – 450.000 Persons 150.000 – 300.000 Persons 0 – 150.000 Persons
Thus the facts we should never In our country, unfortunately, the Because of all these reasons, ignore are involvement in the basic principles and concepts in ADMIP, as mentioned above, planning process and taking this regard have not been clarified is an advance work showing into consideration all disasters. and no common language and how the aforementioned change In other words, disaster and consensus has been obtained to and transformation should be emergency plans in the entities eliminate any contradiction in performed. and organizations should not be terms. However, as General Patton merely tasks of one or two persons. said, “a good year plan today will Scientific principles and methods Furthermore, plans should not be be much better than the excellent for integrated disaster methods copied and prepared and put on plan of the tomorrow, even if the emerging by common mind and the shelves.. names of the existing plans are experience of the world is a plan different and their contents are synthesized to address to the Plans should be prepared for all insufficient, it may be said they are issues and requirements specific kinds of hazards by involvement “useful”. to Istanbul. As provided for by the of all sections of the organization Law 5902, this plan, developed on and/or society; all their functions Furthermore, we should never basis of hazard and risk analysis, should be tested by a variety of ignore that disaster management is not only involved with response operations, constantly improved is “the entire process of analysis, and improvement; but, it also and updated. planning, decision-making and includes reduction of the disaster evaluation to organize the existing risks prior to disaster in order thee Only such disaster and Emergency resources for getting prepared operations can be successful. plans, prepared such a new and against all kinds of hazards, scientific approach may constitute mitigation, response and recovery”. We hope the planning studies a good basis for all kinds of formulized for Istanbul be a guide protection and work/service to all our administrative units, continuity and a sustainable entities and organizations. development. 12 INTRODUCTION DISASTER MANAGEMENT AND BASIC CONCEPTS ADMIP CONTINUITY OF ADMIP
Disaster Preparedness Works Conducted in Istanbul and ADMIP
This guide book you In order that Istanbul and people This guide book you read has read has the object living in Istanbul may get prepared the intention to share reasoning, to share the stages of against all possible disasters, preparation, implementation and reasoning, preparation, particularly earthquake, a great continuity of Istanbul Disaster and implementation and number of preparation operations Emergency Prevention Response maintenance of the are performed under ISMEP and Recovery Plan (ADMIP) as (Istanbul Seismic Risk Mitigation one of the studies mentioned continuity of ADMIP. and Emergency Preparedness above. Project). For this purpose, the book starts In these operations, which with explanation of the concepts are conducted under the constituting basis of ADMIP and titles Enhancing Emergency examples are given worldwide for Preparedness, Reduction of importance of planning in this Seismic Risk for the Seismic Risk discipline and development of Mitigation for Priority Public disaster management. Facilities and Enforcement of Building Code, a wide range of In addition to the basic processes risk-reduction activities of great of ADMIP, the capacity building comprehensive, multi-actor investments made for the and participants ranging from organizations involved with structural retrofitting activities to the plan are also given under a the social trainings are performed. separate heading. In this context, preparation, and supportive and preventive practices for preparation, damage reduction, response and improvement necessary before, during and after disasters are dealt with under the project. ISMEP GUIDE BOOKS ISTANBUL ADMIP 13
ADMIP Meeting for the Safe Future of Istanbul
By this study, DED, as owner of Using the organization ADMIP is put into effect ADMIP, aims at maintaining structure prepared by Disaster in good adaptation coordination and cooperation and Emergency Management to Turkish Disaster among all organizations and Department, Prime Ministry and Response Plan prepared entities in charge of conduction shared with the public, ADMIP by Prime Ministry disaster preparations. help full adaptation of Istanbul on Disaster & Emergency national and international basis Management Presidency. With ADMIP, the aim is to including staging of response standardize and improve efficiency and plans again taking place in of disaster management processes the same plan, formation of the in Istanbul. service groups by the respective organizations, establishment of ADMIP defines command system, stakeholder relationship, rather plan preparation process, plan than hierarchical relation and implementation processes and how coordination on local level as involvement of the stakeholders specified by Turkish Disaster will be achieved and identifies Response Plan. special roles and responsibilities of the different organization In addition to other preparation according to requirements of activities performed for the city, Istanbul. Istanbul DED also continue operations to increase applicability of the plan resolution. 14 INTRODUCTION DISASTER MANAGEMENT AND BASIC CONCEPTS ADMIP CONTINUITY OF ADMIP
Istanbul Provincial Directorate of Disaster and Emergency (Istanbul DED)
In the disaster A big and cosmopolitan city, In other words, disaster management, the Istanbul also brings together management is coordination public, private sector, the requirement to manage it by and integration of all studies local administrations special dynamics. For this reason, necessary for preparation, and community Istanbul Provincial Directorate of protection, response to the threat representatives should Disaster and Emergency (Istanbul of disaster, natural or human DED) has been established sourced disasters, construction, gather around the same to ensure coordination and maintenance and development table and be involved cooperation among all entities of the risk and damage reduction with the process. and organizations in charge of capacity. conducting disaster preparations, follow up and control the services Disasters are events locally conducted. experienced, affecting the local communities everywhere in the Istanbul DED addresses to the world and for this reason it is specific structure of Istanbul and essential that the local stakeholders prepare the city against disasters should actively contribute to the by means of an organization disaster management. and pleading applications in line with Turkish Disaster Local stakeholders should be made Response Plan prepared by Prime involved by means of disaster Ministry Disaster & Emergency risk reduction operations, various Management Presidency meetings, organizations and (Prime Ministry DEMP). platforms designed for this purpose.
Disaster management operations In the disaster management, should not remain limited only public, private sector, local with intervention during or after administrations and social the disasters. representatives should meet around the same table and made It is quiet evident that taking involved with the process. necessary precautions before disasters is more important than Istanbul DED presents such a effective response during the disaster participatory planning tool by or even they are parts of a whole. means of ADMIP. ISMEP GUIDE BOOKS ISTANBUL ADMIP 15
Istanbul DED Organization Chart
Governor of Istanbul
Private Legal Affairs Secretary
Deputy Governor in charge of Disaster
Provincial Director of Disaster and Emergency
Financial Disaster and Affairs and Data Emergency Processing Management Branch Center Management Directorate
Training, Civil Defense Volunteering Search and Foreign and Rescue Relations Branch Association Directorate Directorate
Planning Recovery Branch Branch Directorate Directorate
Support Personnel and Services and Administrative Communication Affairs Branch Branch Directorate Directorate
Management units taking place in the current organization of Istanbul DED assume effective roles for planning, support, coordination and implementation of the activities of ADMIP. 16 INTRODUCTION DISASTER MANAGEMENT AND BASIC CONCEPTS ADMIP CONTINUITY OF ADMIP
Yıldız Park ISMEP GUIDE BOOKS ISTANBUL ADMIP 17
Disaster Management and Basic Concepts 18 INTRODUCTION DISASTER MANAGEMENT AND BASIC CONCEPTS ADMIP CONTINUITY OF ADMIP
Disaster Management and Basic Concepts
An effective planning Better understanding of ADMIP Management and should contain analysis depends on unity of language Organization. of the past information, in the description of the subject basic concepts of the plan. For this decision-giving in the Management concept is generally reason, this section is reserved for present status and defined as “a group activity description of the basic concept. evaluation for the conducted in cooperation to future. carry out some purpose or As, of these concepts, purposes”. Management can be management, organization and considered as activities related to planning are also basic concepts of planning, organization, execution, the management science, they are coordination and control functions also defined in the framework of to achieve the targets in an management science. effective and efficient way. Some common concepts such In he management, which as hazard and risk, which we expresses not the incident, but the encounter in other discipline in process, the resources available are difference context and meaning organized in such a way to provide have different meaning in the efficiency in order to achieve the disaster management discipline. predefined targets. For this reason, these concepts are considered from the point of And the organization concept view of the disaster management expresses establishment of a discipline and they are given place grading and official structure in this context. between the rulers and the ruled and identification of the works, persons to perform them and relationship among them clearly.
Organization is a system showing how the targets specified by the management may be achieved in the most effective and efficient way. ISMEP GUIDE BOOKS ISTANBUL ADMIP 19
How Should be A Good Plan? • It should be based on scientific insights. • It should be clear, net and understandable. • It should comply with the adopted principles and standards. • It should be oriented to the target to be achieved. • It should have precautions to remove negative effects • It should be flexible and adapt to the changing conditions. with minimum loss. • Performance and implementation should require • It should maintain a balance among the items it covers. minimum cost. • It should use the existing facilities. • It should cover an optimal duration. • It should be in written and well-tried.
Plan and Planning Organizing and For achievement of the common Coordination purposes in an efficient and effective way, the functions As a whole of systematic decisions of planning, organization, taken to achieve a target, plan While organizing, another orientation, coordination and shows the way and behavior to be management function, expresses control of the activities by used for achievement of a purpose. formation of management units the human group should be by grouping necessary activities performed. Planning can be defined as process to implement the defined plans of identification of the targets and definition of the tasks of the Each of these factors, which and the activities necessary for executives an workers in these constitute the management achievement of the said targets. In units, the orientation function process and also considered as other words, planning is to make expresses power and effort to management functions affect selection among alternative actions orientate the resources available each other and constitute part for future. to certain purposes in the most of the system. Success of the appropriate and effective way. management depends on execution An effective planning should of these functions in an efficient contain analysis of the past While coordination function of the and effective way. information, decision in the management expresses integration current status and evaluation for of the activities to achieve the As it is seen, these basic concepts, future. common purpose, the control each of which can be addressed in expresses constant monitoring and a wide manner, have been defined A correct planning helps use of the evaluation by the superior whether to achieve the common purposes resources in a more effective and the defined purposes have been in an efficient and effective way. efficient way. achieved efficiently. Disaster management discipline In order to achieve the expected is, although it has different subject targets, plan should have certain and field, serves this basic purpose characteristics. essentially as a management field and activity provided it remains in its own field. 20 INTRODUCTION DISASTER MANAGEMENT AND BASIC CONCEPTS ADMIP CONTINUITY OF ADMIP
Disaster risk in an intersection set of hazard, exposure and defenselessness. For this reason, in cases when we could not eliminate HAZARD EXPOSURE hazards to reduce disaster (such as change of fault location), we should RISK reduce exposure and defenselessness of the society.
Mathematical expression of the risk concept.
DEFENSELESSNESS RISK = (HAZARD POSSIBILITY X EXPOSURE X DEFENSELESSNESS)/MANAGEABILITY
Hazard and Risk Risk Vulnerability
The risk concept is defined as Vulnerability is expressed as “a The concepts hazard and risk, two “potential loss to occur depending measure of possible death, injury, most basic concepts of disaster on the level of damage to be damage, destruction and loss from management, are frequently used suffered by the factors under threat which the society may suffer upon instead of the other, but expressing when a hazard occurs in a certain occurrence of a potential event.” different results from each other, time and space”. In other words, vulnerability is however interacting with each opposite of the coping capacity of other. First of all, the result from these the society. two definitions is that the risk Hazard occurs dependant on hazard. In Exposure other words, in order that any The hazard concept, a response to of the factors such as humans, Exposure concept expresses the question “What could be?” in other living beings, non-living “amount and number of humans the disaster management, can be things such as buildings and other and assets which a certain hazard defined as “natural-, technological- values may be under threat, they may affect”. Consequently, and human-sourced event or chain should be under threat, that is, existence of exposure is considered of events with potential to give exposure to hazard. However, this with a hazard and existence of damages to the socio-economic interaction also creates asking a humans and assets covered by such order and activities of the society, different question: Does existence hazard.” natural environment, natural, of hazard always create existing of historical and cultural resources in risk? addition to leading loss of life and property”. To answer this question, vulnerability and some related concepts should also be defined. ISMEP GUIDE BOOKS ISTANBUL ADMIP 21
Incidents having local and very limited effect. Natural-, technological- and INCIDENT human-sourced situations, which cause physical, social and economic loss and suspend/interrupts normal life EMERGENCY and cannot be coped with local facilities and resources. Situations, which require emergency response and can DISASTER be coped with local facilities.
Defenselessness Manageability Incident, Emergency and Disaster In the disaster management, Defining the risk more accurately defenseless is the answer to the in the damage management questions “May it happen here” is directly related with the There are three different concepts, If happens, what could be”? It is manageability concept. The which are frequently used in the degree of possible loss and damage manageability concept is defined damage management discipline the society may be exposed to as “level and capacity to minimize and serve to distinguish the upon occurrence of the disaster. and cope with loss and damages occurring events by their results for the affected society in case of a and sizes and measures. When the risk concept is read disaster in relation to the variables again under light of these concepts, such as existing institutional From these concepts, the incident which are very important for systems against possible risk, is local incidents with very limited disaster management, it is found preparation level, planning, effect. They do not affect working that the risk is an intersection existing los reducing precautions, capacity of the settlement units, of the concepts hazard, laws and regulations, early alert organizations and entities and they defenselessness and exposure. and estimation, public awareness, are generally taken under control information systems, resources, by the first interveners. training levels and participation.” Emergency is expressed as results As it may be seen from the of the events, which require definition, it constitutes capacity emergency response to protect measure of the society, which people, goods and environment is under risk of disaster. In this and can be coped with local context, the higher the capacity of facilities. In other words, the society to cope with, the less emergency cases are results of such risk value. events that interrupt normal life and activities of certain sections of the society.
Compared with these two concepts, the disaster concept has a clearer and more universal definition. 22 INTRODUCTION DISASTER MANAGEMENT AND BASIC CONCEPTS ADMIP CONTINUITY OF ADMIP
Losses caused by Disaster and Emergencies
According to the concept Disaster Management Mitigation Stage adopted by the United Nations of a universal quality, disaster The concept of disaster It is defined as the stage consisted is defined as “ natural-, management aims “prevention of of activities such as identification technological- and human-sourced the events that may create disaster of disaster hazard and risk, if event which create physical, social or reduction of their loss. possible prevention of it an taking and economic loss for the people, precautions against big damages, stops or interrupts normal life and Management of all entities and information, awareness building human activities or and thus affect organizations and their resources and development of the capacity of the communities in such a way for planning, orientation, support, the society with respect to disaster that cannot be eliminated by the coordination, orientation, support, hazard and risk, and development affected community through use coordination of all activities of the legislation and corporate of local facilities and resources.” required to be performed in structuring applied before and the operations such as disaster after the disaster, determination As it may be seen from the preparedness, response after and implementation of research- definition, disaster does not disasters and recovery so as to development policy and strategies. express the occurring event itself; cover all parts of the society in other words, it expresses the and establishment of corporate Preparation Stage effect on the local community. structures or re-arrangement In this context, measure of the and provision of an effective and It is the stage consisted of activities disaster should be considered not efficient structure.” such as planning, resource only with the reason leading to management, mutual assistance, it, but, additionally, with its effect As it may be seen from the society awareness and training of also. Consequently, whether it is a definition, the concept of disaster the response personnel against the natural-, human- or technological- management, having basic expected hazards prior to disaster. sourced event, reduction of the principles and purposes, which It is also called planning stage. effects of the disasters is directly are not quite different from the proportional the reduction of general management approach, “vulnerability” taking place in the but reconsidered specifically by definition of risk. The equation the subject is consisted of four reaches us to the concept of stages. “Modern or Integrated Disaster Management System” today. ISMEP GUIDE BOOKS ISTANBUL ADMIP 23
Risk Management
• Identification of Hazard and Risks • Estimation and Early Warning Systems • Physical/Structural Mitigation Activities • Taking Measure • Awareness Raising and Training Activities • Rescue, Evacuation and Emergency • Short, Medium and Long Term Mitigation Plans Aid Plans • Reinforcement of Critical Facilities and • Training and Drills Infrastructure Under Risk • Providing Resources • Protection of Ancient Works, Environment and • Establishment of Volunteering System Natural Life • ... • Revision or Regulation of the Legislation • ...
DISASTER DISASTER MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
• Intelligence, Transportation, Search, Rescue, First Aid, Evacuation, Collective Debris Management • • Aid Restructuring • Vital needs such as Food, Water, Medicine, etc. Repair and Retrofitting Works • • Security, Environmental Health Construction of Permanent Houses • • Secondary Disasters: Fire, Epidemics, etc. Programs for Economic Recovery • • Press and Public Relations Health and Medical Services • • Temporary Housing Formation of Normal life Conditions • • Damage Assesment and Debris Removal ... • • • ... Crisis Management 24 INTRODUCTION DISASTER MANAGEMENT AND BASIC CONCEPTS ADMIP CONTINUITY OF ADMIP
Risk and Crisis Management Interaction
RISK MANAGEMENT
MITIGATION - PREPARATION CRISIS MANAGEMENT
RESPONSE – RECOVERY
Response Stage Furthermore, this stage is also ADMIP, standing for Istanbul considered as a loss reduction stage Disaster and Emergency Being relatively the most in the disaster management cycle. Prevention, Response and important stage of the disaster Recovery Plan, is also owner of management, it is the stage Highly complex disasters commitments and applications starting immediately after occurring today and their results much more than the word “plan” occurrence of the disaster event as well as multi-actor, multi- in its name. during which requirements such disciple structure of the disaster as search – rescue operations, management, which targets to In this respect, ADMIP should be first aid and medical intervention, serve multiple purposes all clearly considered as a new, integrated temporary accommodation and show that the disaster management and participatory understanding, board are urgently addressed. operations may not be limited with which constitutes necessary interventions during and after foundations for building a Recovery Stage disaster only. “Reliable Life Culture” in the city entirely. Shortly, ADMIP is an It concerns activities performed Recent history has clearly shown initiative to perform what has not for a safe life and restoration that taking precautions before been done so far in our country, of normalized socio-economic occurrence of disaster is as containing all we have told up to conditions in the region affected important as the effective and now. by the disaster. efficient response activities during the disaster. It is also a stage where long term results such as re-establishment And at this point, ADMIP, of infrastructural services gain, presumably the first example of restoration of training, health and understanding of modern disaster transportation services and loan to management in our country, helps small enterprise are considered. lay foundation of a more reliable Istanbul with the participatory approach it bring and its integrated point of view. ISMEP GUIDE BOOKS ISTANBUL ADMIP 25
Necessary Operations For a Disaster Management System, Suitable to the Current Conditions, Modern and Integrated
• Taking into consideration all hazards • Implement all phases • Use all resources • Ensure involvement of all individuals and organizations with these operations
Disaster Management Worldwide History is full of such quite Serving as day and night patrols, and Its Development interesting examples. Perhaps, these groups has transformed to the most interesting of these teams consisting of hundreds of Mentioning shortly about examples, which is very surprising people in the later periods and historical development of his for its meaning and expression, continued to intervene with the approach, which also forms is a T-shirt commissioned by Us fires under the conditions of the foundation of ADMIP presumably Federal Emergency Management period. the first modern and integrated Agency (FEMA). disaster plan in our country Historical examples are also and which is hereby frequently With a design on it showing important to show the process highlighted as synthesis of Noah’s Ark and the statement “the of change in the understanding “common mind” of the world and First Emergency manager2, T-Shirt along the periodical requirements. great painful experience in his symbolizes the prophet Noah, who In this context, “back plague” study would be very important analyses the flood and possible in the 14th century Europe clarify under which situations and damage and thus a damage has caused development of the conditions the method used has reduction plan and according to treatment techniques as a result been developed and, on the other this plan builds an ark and thus of observations made and the Big hand, express result cause-effect take board the animals he has London Fire in the 17th century relation causing emergency of the chosen on a certain approach (one caused construction of the method during the progress. female and one male) and save building by use of briquette and them and finally release them after stone materials in the later period, As it is known, most part of the flood. while they were made of wood innovations, inventions and previously. development throughout the world Another interesting example history have been originated from signs the time of Roman Empire. At this point, to mention about a need. And it is not different In those times, addressing to the 1755 Lisbon Earthquake would for the disaster management requests of the Roman public also give important hints to discipline; the humanity has about fires frequently, the Emperor understand today. Also being one taken lessons from the disasters Augustus have established fire of the biggest earthquakes in the throughout history and developed brigade groups consisting of slaves history, this 9.0 earthquake and new methods and developed new called “The Vigiles” in BC 6. those experienced have also shown methods by inquiring into how the first “coordinated disaster they may address to these disasters Using pumps, hook, sticks and action” n the history. effectively all the time. similar materials, these groups also acted as the police fore of Rome. 26 INTRODUCTION DISASTER MANAGEMENT AND BASIC CONCEPTS ADMIP CONTINUITY OF ADMIP
The Recorded Earthquakes in Istanbul
342 447 542 1296 1509 1719 1766 1894 1912 1935 1963 1999
One of the biggest earthquakes Took place in the history books Most roughly, the civil defense can recorded in its history, this and being very important for the be defined as protection of the civil earthquake and things experienced disaster management discipline, people in war. subsequently is also the first the Lisbon Earthquake and the “coordinated disaster response” success story being it is dependent In this context, it appeared successfully implemented as on the organization of the during the Cold War, when mass recorded in its history. intervention performed on basis of destruction weapons and nuclear a long-term strategy, instead of the war threat have been considerable; Authorities of the time have understanding of “save the day”. especially, in the countries member successfully organized all factors, to the Western Block, it has formed including armed forces after the Each of the historical events basis of the preparations to this disaster; taken the city under shedding light on today is of a effect and it has undergone some security, obtained food from lesson character for the emergency structural changes after the Cold outside the city, and prevented managers, containing data War is over. the food prices from getting out deserving in-depth examination of control and falling into black one by one. Today, examining the history market. of the current disaster and/or However, we should look back to emergency management units As a result of successful policy in the20th century to find the roots worldwide, it is seen that almost the first moments of the disaster, of the modern and current disaster all of them have been civil defense the situations was taken under management operations. unit in the period of Cold War. control and operations started with the army engineers for The first steps of the Disaster reconstruction of the city. Management have been taken after the World War I under the concept Together with the Lisbon “passive protection”. Earthquake, it was started to examine effects of the And the concept which has earthquake on the buildings and originated modern and integrated use the resulting findings for disaster management is “civil reconstruction of the city, this was defense” started to be implemented a complete innovation for the 18th in a wide and systematic way after century. the World War II. ISMEP GUIDE BOOKS ISTANBUL ADMIP 27
Approach to the Disasters by Consideration of Those Experienced Up to 90’s Extraordinary meanings and a process of taking Implementation of the ascribed to the disasters in lessons from the observations lessons obtained from the first periods of the history; and information obtained the disasters in 17th consequently, the belief that starting in the 14th century; century and the period of the disasters could not be thinking the future when prevented and no action could intervening. be taken against them;
The changing conjuncture changed As a result, while the intervention Eventually, the United Nations after end of the Cold War has was organized by a systematic has announced the 90’s as “A affected each field of activity planning, the activities were also decade to Reduce International directly as that of the civil defense; conducted to restore to the times Natural Disaster Damages” with additionally, increase of the risk- prior to the event. the development of international prone areas and population in cooperation to reduce disaster connection with the urbanization However, although symbolizes the induced damages especially in the rate and the destructive disasters four main stages, the difference developing countries. have driven the states to take a of these activities from the variety of measures related to current approach is hidden in its For this purpose, the mission of disasters. systematic. his “decade” has been specified as building capacity to prevent As a result, the civil defense units These activities as product of natural disasters or reduce their with their proper organization, events and periods, different and effects in the member countries having the required legal independent of each other, do not to serve as a guide to apply the infrastructure have started have the integrated understanding current science and technology to be converted into disaster of the current modern disaster to reduce the disasters induced management units. management. For emergence of damages. this understanding, we had to wait As it is seen, actually the human for 90’s. In the Conference on Reduction experience throughout thousands of Natural Disaster Damages, of years symbolizes four main The 90’s are the years when 1994, (Yokohama, Japan), where stages of the modern disaster the disaster management the activities conducted related management today. understanding has started to to this mission was evaluated, the change worldwide upon start of member countries have formulized In this context, the process started the international organizations to Yokohama Strategy and action with the response stage and it is become more active in the response. Plan for “A More Safe World”. followed development of necessary techniques in the intervention in As it has been expressed before, the course of time and precautions both end of the Cold War taken especially against fires. and increase in the number and effects of the disasters experienced worldwide have caused many countries to show attention to this field. 28 INTRODUCTION DISASTER MANAGEMENT AND BASIC CONCEPTS ADMIP CONTINUITY OF ADMIP
HFA’s 5 Priorities for Action
1 MAKING IT A PRIORITY TO REDUCING THE RISKS Making it a national and local priority to reducing the disaster risks and forming a powerful institutional foundation to implement it
2 IDENTIFYING THE RISKS Identifying, evaluation, monitoring of the disaster risks and development of early alert systems
3 BUILDING AWARENESS Using the training to generate a safe living culture resistant to the disaster at all levels
4 MITIGATING THE RISKS Mıtıgatıng of the basic risk factors constituting the risks.
5 BEING PREPARED TO TAKE ACTION To maximize the disaster preparations for active response at all levels
With this document where the Considered as the common mind Disaster management has concept of risk analysis and and experience of the world, these taken a long way throughout damage reduction, more clearly, principles have made their mark the human history to take the the “risk management” concept is in the following ten years and, as a name of “disaster management”, clearly highlighted, the principles whole, also guided implementation given a number of exams and have emerged such as “risk analysis of the disaster management taken various lessons from these being a necessary step for the policies. examinations. policy and activities to reduce the disaster induced damages” An action plan for reduction of When evaluation the most and “priority importance of the the disaster risks, HFA is consisted important point reached in the prevention of the disasters and of 3 strategic target and 5 priority world, it can be clearly expressed preparation activities in reducing action plans. that the period of “response only the need for disasters aids”. after the disaster” has closed down, Its strategic targets include and the period of “effective risk Following Yokohama Strategy and integration of the reduction of the management” has stated instead. Action Plan, in the 2nd World disasters risks with sustainable Conference on Disaster Reduction development plan and policies; The risk management activities organized in Kobe, Japan, Hyogo development of organizations, essentially consisted of the stages Framework Action Plan (HFA) mechanisms and capacities for of “damage reduction” and aiming at reducing the damages building awareness and sensitivity “preparation/planning” provide induced by the disasters occurred to the disasters and reinforcement important benefits for reduction of between the period 2005-2015 of the existing ones and systematic the social vulnerability. was prepared and adopted by 168 participation of the approach member countries of the United of reduction of disaster risks Furthermore, it also provides Nations. preparation against the emergency, the required support felt both by response and recovery programs. executives and implementers in increasing the effectiveness of As a requirement of the ear, response to the types of disasters they have agreed on that risk that cannot be prevented. management is a more effective and consistent way to follow in the disaster management compared to the crisis management and the policies and actions were formulized in this way. ISMEP GUIDE BOOKS ISTANBUL ADMIP 29
Basic Principles of Constant and Systematic Planning Approach
• Identification of the current hazards, risks, and disaster-prone region s • Evaluation of the levels of current preparation and defenselessness • Social-based character, allowing contribution by all stakeholders; • Test and development of the plan by way of updating, training and operations
Because of all these reasons, the Planning in the Disaster When the most planning and event command Management important point reached system expressed in this study by the world today, it constitute an inevitable part of the Before proceeding to the details of may be clearly stated risk management together with the that the period of damage reduction activities. ADMIP in the following chapter, we should also mentioned about “response only after the disaster” has Planning to be made with an importance of the planning in the approach of governance backed disaster management. closed down, and the up an understanding containing period of “effective As it has been stated under the risk management” has all stages of the modern and heading related to planning, integrated disasters management planning is a concept indicating stated instead. will provide what we will need the process for determination of when “that moment” comes. the activities necessary to identify the purposes and achievement of Although exposed to some these purposes. criticism, the event command system and scenario-based And function of the planning is planning approach today reflects not much different for the disaster the basic planning understanding management discipline. Planning used at the headquarters and on in the disaster management is to site in all countries of the world. estimate the future related to the disaster management and identify the requirements and resources necessary for elimination of the events to occur.
Effective disaster planning also brings together a process management operating with certain dynamics. In this context, in order that the disaster planning may give the desired result, it is dependent on implementation of the following steps: 30 INTRODUCTION DISASTER MANAGEMENT AND BASIC CONCEPTS ADMIP CONTINUITY OF ADMIP
Targets of the Disaster and Emergency Aid Plans
• Provision of life and property safety • Protection of environmental, historical, cultural and natural assets • Prevention of the chain events and primary disasters that may occur • Taking necessary precautions to prevent failure of the services/business continuity
In the disaster planning, Formation of Planning Team Analysis of the Current Status all organizations to take service in the A team consisted of experts from The next step in the planning is to plan should be allowed different disciplines is required to analyze the current preparations, for involvement from prepare and develop the disaster skills and possible hazards. The the beginning to the and emergency plan. Size of the organizations should conduct team is related to the size of the analysis on vulnerability of the end in a framework of organization or related area or settlement units for which they governance approach. region, its problems and resources. are responsible and identify the capacity to cope with the effects of Job description of each member the emergency case when it occurs. of the team should e identified. It For this purpose, it is required is inevitable that the employees of to determine and analyze the the organization or settlement unit hazards and risks and identify the working in a variety of field should resources that can be used in case take place in the team. of a disaster.
When the team is formed, it Determination of Targets and should be officially engaged and Priorities authorized to take necessary steps to make and develop the plan. This step is one in which the Furthermore, authorizations and effect of the risks identified in the engagements in the group should previous step in the field of power, also be clearly performed. identification of the risk priorities and preparation of the scenario related to the plan. ISMEP GUIDE BOOKS ISTANBUL ADMIP 31
General Outline of Disaster Planning Process 1 2 3 4 5 6 Formation of Identification Preparation/ Analysis of the Development Updating the the Planning of the Targets Drawing up Current Status of Plan Plan Team and Priorities the Plan
Development of the Plan Updating the Plan By the planning process which is generally conducted in this way, After drawing up the scenario, Each disaster and emergency plant we would have a disaster and the plan development step is to be made should be definitely emergency action plan having one during which the ways of tried. For these reasons, after the participatory character of a movement suitable to the situation completion of the writing down modern disaster management, specified by the plan is developed. stage of the plan, the plan should taking into consideration all Accordingly, the most important be tried by operations at various hazards. study to be performed in this stage levels and the formulized system is to develop ways of response and should be tested whether it However, presumably the most solution alternatives to reach the achieves the specified targets. important point of the disaster defined targets and priorities. planning today is that even at the If there are any changes required first stage of the planning process, Preparing/Drawing Up the Plan to be made in the planning after all entities to take place in the the operations, these modifications plan according to the governance This step is one during which the should be marked in the related should be taken place from the data obtained as a result of the places of the plan. Besides, beginning to the end of the process first three steps are written down. other changes as a result of any to make them involved. If such However, the most important point changes in a resource taken place involvement cannot be achieved, in this section is that it should in the plan or usability of a new the plan would not be “a disaster be written in a plain and clear resources, change of hazard and plan for everybody” and become language so as to be understood risk profile of the area should also “plan of a certain person/group” by everybody and no special codes be identified and noted down and thus become inoperable. specific to a certain organization in the plan during the planning or sector should be used and process. The statement made by attention should be draw that the Eisenhower, “plan is nothing, but details are kept at sufficient level planning process is everything” on purpose-orientation level. summarizes the intended purpose in the most clearly way. 32 INTRODUCTION DISASTER MANAGEMENT AND BASIC CONCEPTS ADMIP CONTINUITY OF ADMIP
Emirgan Park ISMEP GUIDE BOOKS ISTANBUL ADMIP 33
ADMIP 34 INTRODUCTION DISASTER MANAGEMENT AND BASIC CONCEPTS ADMIP CONTINUITY OF ADMIP
ADMIP
In the last 50 years, the disasters The following operations in this Turkish National occurred in our country have process continue rapidly: Disaster Response Plan shown he need to develop static disaster and emergency plans and ADMIP prepared by legislation and • Preparation of the response management structures organized plans and of the plans for Turkish national disaster Response by legislation again. restoration of the safe life in Plan (UAMP) published by DED, accordance with the disaster Prime Ministry identifies roles As Istanbul, so-called heart of and emergency status, and responsibilities of the service the country, is a city having hazards and risks for Istanbul groups and coordination units a population of 15 millions, to take office in the emergency • Preparation of the operations related to disaster and it increases concerns and procedures, instructions and inquiry into how the former checklists and forms related emergency cases and determines understanding may be effective to these plans the basic principles before, during in the management of a such and after the disaster. urban area in terms of disaster • Taking into consideration management. the regional, national and UAMP is an upper plan putting international platforms of forward how the emergency For this reason, “Disaster and the study and formulation operations to be conducted in Emergency Prevention Response of the same with respect a national-scale disaster and to all possible disaster and and Recovery Plan for Istanbul” emergency case and thus give emergency cases was started as per the applicable ideas to and supports the local legislation in Turkey in accordance • Building system, taking plans with its flexible and modular with the international standard service, data gathering, structure. for maintenance of uninterrupted compilation and service and performance of the identification of the ADMIP studies should be organizations/entities taken place characteristic of the analysis further developed in cooperation in the emergency and disaster as programs for making risk with all higher organization attached to Istanbul Governor’s reduction planning for and committees, primarily the Office in a quick way. Istanbul related ministries, by taking into principles specified in UAMP and developed so as to cover all stakeholders in Istanbul. ISMEP GUIDE BOOKS ISTANBUL ADMIP 35
Dealt with an integrated disaster management, ADMIP takes into consideration all possible disasters, particularly earthquake, and it also aims at management of risks associated with them.
Training and operations
Risk Analysis Resource Plannin
Volunteer Management
Damage Reduction Disaster Plan Information System PMDEMP
Emergency Hazard Response and Analysis Recovery Plan
Mutual Assistance Incident Command System Cooperation and Coordination 36 INTRODUCTION DISASTER MANAGEMENT AND BASIC CONCEPTS ADMIP CONTINUITY OF ADMIP
Comparison of Approaches of the Existing System and ADMIP
EXISTING SYSTEM ADMIP
APPROCAT FOCUSED ON SINGLE POINT INTEGRATED APPROACH
UNDERSTANDING OF CRISIS MANAGEMENT ONLY RATHER RISK MANAGEMENT UNDERSTANDİNG
EXACT HIERARCHICAL DISTINGUISHEMENTS A MODULAR, PARTCIPATORY AND INTEGRATING APROACH
STATIC PLANNING STRUCTURE ACTIVE AND LIVING PLANNING STRUCTURE
COMMITTEE MANAGING EVERYBODY BASIS OF SPECILIZATION ACCORDING TO THE PHASES
Characteristics of Integrated Approach Active and Living Planning ADMIP Structure ADMIP deals with before and after the vent in an integrated way. It After prepared, ADMIP is a plan Prepared by Istanbul DED, has not been formulized to take which is tried by operations and ADMIP is a plan aiming at with only by the understanding constantly updated by ADMIP achieving cooperation and of response after the event, but Information System. coordination between Istanbul also by an approach to planning, DED and related entities an damage reduction and preparation Furthermore, it is a plan indicating organization in the operations for to the event before occurrence of a process and understanding and coping with all kinds of disaster the event. so it s a changing, developing and, to occur in Istanbul with a Rather Risk Management consequently, living plan. minimum damage before and after Understanding the disaster and in all kinds of Basis of specialization by the operations to be performed in the ADMIP aims at managing hazards Phases first 15 days after the disaster. to occur as a result of disaster instead of “events” after the ADMIP uses the event command For this purpose, the first point disaster, that is, “crisis” as well as system in compliance with required to be highlighted is that the risks associated with them. international standards. In this ADMIP is a new “understanding” system, “response”, “planning”, and “approach” after all. That As it is, reduction of the damages “logistics” and “finance” all is, AMİP has been formulized at time of crisis and increase of the operate both individually and as on basis of the most recent efficiency of response appear as part of a whole. As it is, it improves scientific fats under the light of basic gains. governance efficiency because each newly developed information and heading of subject is evaluated observation. A Participatory, Integrating and under the specialization specific Modular Understanding to it. Basic differences between the existing system and ADMIP are as Rather than strict hierarchical These five basic principles follows: differences, ADMIP aims at emphasize spirit and approach of giving place to al entities and ADMIP and, on the other hand, organizations as “stakeholders” put forward its differences from in the system under the light of the existing structure governance. Thus, participation and involvement is increased. ISMEP GUIDE BOOKS ISTANBUL ADMIP 37
Comparison of the Existing System and ADMIP in Terms of Management
HEADQUARTER PROVINCIAL EXISTING 9 SERVICE PRIME PROVINCE RESCUE AND AID GROUPS SYSTEM MINISTRY, COMMITTEE DEMP
HEADQUARTER PROVINCE PROVINCIAL 4 SERVICE 27 SERVICE ADMIP PRIME ISTANBUL RESCUE AND AID DEPARTMENTS GROUPS MINISTRY DED COMMITTEE DEMP
COMMAND CENTRE ASSISTANT PERSONNEL
Basic Scenario of the 10.000 – 30.000 LOSS OF LIVES Plan 2.500-10.000 VERY SEVERE DAMAGED/13.000-34.0000 SEVERE DAMAGED BUILDING ADMIP process was started by taking the Model C (the worst) 85.000 – 150.000 MEDIUM DAMAGED / 250.000-350.000 LIGHT DAMAGED BUILDINGS scenario earthquake of Istanbul Earthquake Master published in 20.000 – 60.0000 HOSPITALIZATION / 50.000 – 140.000 SLIGHTLY NJURED 2003. 530,000 HOUSES FOR URGENT ACOMMODATION
Having a risk analysis character TRY80-100 BILLION TOTAL FINANCIA LOSS also, this plan as well as scenarios it contains reflects the future 400 BUILDING DAMAGE CONTAINING EXPLOSIVE AND FLAMMABLE SUBSTANCES picture of Istanbul in a clear way.
DAMAGE OF POTABLE WATER AT 450 POINTS AND O WASTE WATER LINE AT 1500 POINTS
DAMAGE OF NETWORK AT 650 POINTS /DAMAGE OF GAS BOX OF 17000 IN NUMBER
LOSS OF LIFE AMOUNTİNG TO 0.1% -0.2% OF THE POPULATION OF ISTANBUL
UNUSABLE BUILDINGS (VERY SEVERY, SEVERE, MEDIUM), 10% - 15% 38 INTRODUCTION DISASTER MANAGEMENT AND BASIC CONCEPTS ADMIP CONTINUITY OF ADMIP
ADMIP Organization Chart
GOVERNOR PRIME DEP GOVERNOR MINISTRY ISTANBUL DEMP DED DIRECTOR
ISTANBUL DED PRESS SPOKESMAN COMMAND LEGAL ADVISOR COMMUNICATION OFFICER SECURITY OFFICER
RESPONSE/OPERATIONS SERVICE INFORMATION AND PLANNIG SERVICE
Communication Services Transportation Effect an Need Analysis Planning and Damage Group Services Group Services Group Reduction Services Group
Infrastructure Services Search and Rescue Damage Assessment Evacuation Planning Group Services Group Services Group Services Group
Publication and Debris Removal Security Services Group Documentation Services Services Group Group
Fire and Hazardous Agricultural Services Group Substance Services Group
First Aid and Health Social Services Group Services Group
Burial Operations Services Group ISMEP GUIDE BOOKS ISTANBUL ADMIP 39
ADMIP has been formed in a “Event Command System” compliant with the international standards. Event Command System is a modular system formulized for response to all hazards and emergency cases of any level. This system creates a combination of operating communication, personnel, equipment, procedures and facilities in a standardized organizational structure. In the scope of ADMIP, 4 “services” between the Provincial Rescue and Aid Committee and Service Groups have been formulized facilitating the management and command and formed by the field of specialization in an extendable manner.
PROVINCIAL RESCUE AND AID COMMITTEE
LOGISTIC AND MAINTENANCE SERVICE FINANCE AND MANAGEMENT SERVICE
Communication Systems Contracted Organizations Personnel Affairs Service Group Service Group Services Group
STK and Volunteer Temporary Settlement Finance Services Group Services Group Service Group
Personnel and Vehicle & Grants and Distribution Purchase, Rent, Seizure Equipment Supply Services Services Group Services Group Group
Accounting Health Services Group Services Group 40 INTRODUCTION DISASTER MANAGEMENT AND BASIC CONCEPTS ADMIP CONTINUITY OF ADMIP
Five Basic Functions of the Event Command System
COMMAND (MANAGES) ALL RESPONSILITY BELONGS TO THE COMMAND
OPERATION (PERFORMS, EXECUTES) IMPLEMENTS THE PLAN
PLANNING (THINKS) DETERMINES ANY NEEDS TO ARISE; HELPS FORMULATION OF THE STRATEGY
LOGISTICS (SUPPLIES, PROVIDES) RESPONSIBLE FOR RESOURCES NECESSARY FOR OPERATION OF THE SYSTEM
FINANCE (PURCHASES AND PAYS) FOLLOWS UP COST AND LABOR FORCE
In this formulized Response and Security Services Group system, 27 services Operations Service groups have been It builds general order within established by function. the authorities given to the law Communication Services Group It is not required to use enforcement officers in the city all these service groups of Istanbul and particularly in After a possible disaster, it provides the disaster area and takes all in case of each disaster. communication throughout the precautions in special cases such as Some of these service city of Istanbul by all means usable espionage (spying and collection of groups may be activated as soon as possible. secret information) according to the level of response. Transportation Services Group Fire and Dangerous Substances Services Group It prevents failure of the transportation throughout the It extinguishes fires to occur in the city of Istanbul to the extent of city of Istanbul, decontaminates facilities; provides transportation dangerous materials and takes y all air, road and sea vehicles as all necessary precautions in this soon as possible and ensures all respect. personnel in charge of emergency aid services to perform their function as soon as possible. ISMEP GUIDE BOOKS ISTANBUL ADMIP 41
Five Basic Functions of Incident Command System
ICS MANAGES
RESPONSE/OPERATIONS INFORMATION AND LOGISTICS AND FINANCE AND SERVICE PLANNING SERVICE MAINTENANCE SERVICE MANAGEMENT SERVICE
PERFORMS/EXECUTES PURCHASES/PAYS THINKS PROVIDES/SUPPLIES PURCHASES/PAYS
Search and Rescue Services Group Infrastructural Services Group Debris Removal Service Group It actively performs search and rescue activities for the victims It ensures repair, when required, It performs removal, in the city of Istanbul and and keep in operation power, transportation, unloading and particularly the disaster zone and water, sewerage an natural disposal of the debris in an ensures coordination between infrastructure in the city of environment-friendly way in the all local, regional, national and Istanbul and disaster zone and disaster zone. international organizations, fulfillment of other requirements entities and real persons in this in connection with infrastructure Burial Operations Service Group respect. in the disaster zone. Determination and classification of the burials of the persons lost First Aid and Health Social Services Group their life due to the disaster in Services Group accordance with religious an moral It ensures repair and keep values and medical requirements; It provides first aid and health in operation of the power, and operation of identification, services to the victims rapidly water, sewerage and natural tissue sample, fingerprint and in the city of Istanbul and as infrastructure in the city of similar judicial processes and particularly in the disaster zone Istanbul and particularly in the burials of the dead in a proper way. and ensures coordination between disaster zone and fulfillment Agricultural Services Group all local, regional, national and of other requirement for It ensures all veterinary services, international organizations, infrastructure as required in the all precautions against possible entities and real persons in this disaster zone. diseases from living and eat respect. animals as well as all measures required to be taken for agricultural economy. 42 INTRODUCTION DISASTER MANAGEMENT AND BASIC CONCEPTS ADMIP CONTINUITY OF ADMIP
Information and Damage Assessment And Service Logistic and Planning Service Report Maintenance Service After a possible disaster, it Information and Damage performs disaster assessment Communication Systems Service Reduction Services Group in the form of preliminary Group assessment of the structural In the period before possible damage occurred in the disaster After a possible disaster, it disaster, it ensures performance zone and final damage assessment. performs operations for repair of necessary damage reduction of any damaged communication activities and planning activities; Publication and Documentation systems in the city of Istanbul. gives support for decision-taking Services Group on strategic scale in case of Temporary Setting Services occurrence of any events that may It ensures archiving and protection Group affect operation of the entire event of all reports, documents, command system and monitors orders, messages and all similar After a possible disaster, it prepares and evaluations operation of the documents related to the areas for temporary settlement, event command system entirely. emergency aid and disaster period provides infrastructure, set up of a all units taking place in the tents, supplies hot meal and forms Effect and Need Services Group event command system in the city temporary schools and related It determines effects of the of Istanbul. requirements for the victims in the disaster in the disaster zone as city of Istanbul and disaster area. well as all possible requirements in Evacuation Planning Services connection with such effect. Group Grant and Distribution Services Group After a possible disaster, it ensures planning and coordination It plans and implements between the respective distribution process of any grants organizations for quick and to be made in the disaster zone in efficient evacuation of the living case of a possible disaster as well victims in Istanbul by air, road as collection and management and sea of the citizens and foreign process of the grants. citizens in and out of the city. ISMEP GUIDE BOOKS ISTANBUL ADMIP 43
ADMIP Meeting Service Group Workshop
Health Services Group Finance and Purchase, Rent and Seizure Management Service Services Group It provides and plans property and workforce for the health services It fulfills any requirements and maintains the data updated. Personnel Affairs Services Group required by the organizations formed their services groups Contracted Organizations It monitors and reports operations by their own means by way of Services Group of all personnel taking place in the purchase, rent or seizure method event command system during a rapidly during a disaster. Before a possible disaster, it possible disaster. provides coordination and Accounting Services Group supervision between the entities Finance Services Group It records and keep accounting for and organizations contracted in all expenditures made by all units, a variety of fields and respective It determines cost of all operations in the event command system service groups. of the engaged services/groups and during a possible disaster. teams in the plan before, during Personnel, Vehicle and and after the disaster. Equipment Supply Services Group
It fulfills personnel and vehicle requirement of all services taking place in the event command system in the city of Istanbul rapidly and cost-effectively.
NGO and Volunteering Services Group
It identifies and coordinates all civil society organizations and other volunteers that may take role in the event command system and engages that in the related service groups as required. 44 INTRODUCTION DISASTER MANAGEMENT AND BASIC CONCEPTS ADMIP CONTINUITY OF ADMIP
There Are Three Different Plan Levels in ADMIP
FIRST LEVEL SUR PLAN ADMIP
SECOND LEVEL SUB PLANS SERVICE GROUP PROVINCIAL ACTION PLANS
THIRD LEVEL SUB PLANS CORPORATE PROVINCIAL ACTION PLANS
With ADMIP, 9 service ADMIP Service and Again without any difference groups specified in Service Groups between public sector, private the legislation have sector and civil society organization, all organizations been increased to 27 As it is seen, the organization for Istanbul taking have been organized to bring about consisted of 9 service groups these service groups. into consideration the as subject to the Law 7269 and requirements of the city Regulation 88/12777 has been These entities called “team” have and their distribution increased to 27 in number for been organized to be 190 in to the respective Istanbul taking into consideration number in the city of Istanbul. services has been made of the requirements of the city and according to the service their distribution to the respective they will provide in the services was performed according disaster management. to the service they will provide in the disaster management.
Another point which requires attention in this formulation is that there are no smaller managerial units under these services.
In other words, the managerial differences were made in the upper step of the system according to the basic principles of the command system with a view that services groups should remain as a whole in themselves and in accordance with their specialization fields. ISMEP GUIDE BOOKS ISTANBUL ADMIP 45
ADMIP Meeting Service Group Workshop
Application and Second Level SubPlan and capabilities completely. The Operation of ADMIP activities for which they will Service Group Action Plans receive support from the city will actually identifies organizations be dealt with in the service group Taking the basic principles of of the service groups as well as provincial action plans. the event command system in its general tasks and responsibilities. organization, ADMIP takes into Third Level Sub Plan consideration the international These plans were designed in two principles in the practice and different ways: In the Corporate Action Plans, operation of it. Accordingly, it is specified how the teams will the plans that constitute the Service Group Provincial Action perform the tasks ascribed to foundation of all activities before, Plans them in the Service Group action during and after the disaster on It is planning to be performed Plans as well as the decision and strategic and tactical level have only by the city. Besides, it is also response organizations in case of also been prepared with this identified how things will be disaster and emergency. dynamic and gradual approach. coordinated in the province via the District Action Plans. Here the most important point is As it is seen in the table above, that the operation and structure ADMIP has three different plan Service Group District action of the corporate in the normal levels. Plans time should not be impaired. In It defines the activities intended this context, the organization will First Level Sur Plan to be performed in the limits of prepare its action plan on regional, the district and via the district city or district level provided it ADMIP defines: administrations. observes the main principles. • Operation concept, • Framework of the disaster Accordingly, the districts will management, and plan in detail the works they will • Other general principles. perform by their own means In this context, all units in the system perform the tasks described to them according to the principles specified in this plan as higher plan. 46 INTRODUCTION DISASTER MANAGEMENT AND BASIC CONCEPTS ADMIP CONTINUITY OF ADMIP
Organization System On City Level
GOVERNOR PRIME DEPUTY MINISTRY GOVERNOR DED ISTANBUL DED MANAGER
ISTANBUL DED COMMAND
RESPONSE / OPERATION INFORMATION AND PLANNING LOGISTICS AND MAINTENANCE SERVICE PRINCIPAL SERVICE PRINCIPAL SERVICE PRINCIPAL
11 5 7 SERVICE GROUPS SERVICE GROUPS SERVICE GROUPS
SITE TEAMS 8190 TEAMS) They are managed by the executives of the respective organizations/entities from their own buildings or headquarter of the organization. ISMEP GUIDE BOOKS ISTANBUL ADMIP 47
Organization system aims at ensuring that the organizations responding to the disasters should perform their tasks in the most efficient way and that the disaster management is performed in accordance with a plan.
PROVINCIAL RESCUE AND AID COMMUTTEE
TOP LEVEL COMMAND EXECUTİVES PRESS SPOKESMAN/LEGAL ADVISOR COMMUNICATION OFFICER
FINANCE AND MANAGEMENT SERVICE SERVICES SERVICE PRINCIPAL PRINCIPALS
SERVICE SERVICE GROUP 4 GROUPS CHAIRMEN SERVICE GROUPS
ORGANIZATION/ ORGANIZATION/ ENTITY ENTITY TEAMS EXECUTIVES 48 INTRODUCTION DISASTER MANAGEMENT AND BASIC CONCEPTS ADMIP CONTINUITY OF ADMIP
Determination of Service Groups Determination of ISTANBUL DED Action Plans the Entities and Personnel Taking Preliminary Stakeholders Taking Place in the Plan Preparation Place in the Plan 1 2 3 4 5 6
Formation of the outlines of the Plan Evaluation Executive Plan Meetings Meetings
The process has Process Management the system, irrespective of their been integrated of ADMIP and Works being public, private sector or with the system by Performed civil society organization and was making everybody coordinated by the respective units as stakeholders of Istanbul Governor’s offices. Implementation process of ADMIP without any difference is a challenging process. However, In the meetings made with the among public, private this challenge stems not from the representatives of the sector, sector or civil society structure of the system, but change information was given about organization according of understanding. details of the intended operations to the governance and the structure and system understanding and ADMIP is the product of a change summarized here has been shared coordinated by the of understanding started after with them and, most important, respective units of 1999. distribution of work was made to Istanbul Governor’s make everybody become involved Office. As it was mentioned earlier, the with the operation. existing disaster management system of our country is not a As a result of the meetings held in disaster management system in the subsequent stage, a strategy as real sense; but it is only response a common mind of all sectors in after event/disaster, in other words, Istanbul and their representatives a crisis management system, has been adopted and the resulting in its failure to meet the operations were continued in this modern, scientific and integrated direction and infrastructure was disaster management system, formulized to suit this modern which is the common mind of the understanding. entire world today. For this reason, ISMEP has reserved one of the By means of groups consisted of headings in its body to fulfill the specialists in their fields and in current conditions of the existing accordance with the predefined system. strategy, the sample plan drafts were prepared and presented to the The process has, in the framework authorizations. of governance, integrated everybody as stakeholders into ISMEP GUIDE BOOKS ISTANBUL ADMIP 49
Formation of the Plan Plan Evaluation With the Organizations Meetings with the Organizations After Operations
7 8 9 10 11
Test of the Updating and Contact with Plans by Sharing the Organizations Operations Plan
ADMIP Service Groups Action Furthermore, the corporate Process Stages Plan Preliminary Preparation executives were determined to generate and update contact list for Preliminary draft was prepared the organizations. Formation of the Outlines of the for action plans of 4 service group, Plan for 4 service groups one from each On the other hand, volunteers, service. who take place an important place ADMIP master plan draft has in the plan, and STK lists started been formed together with the Executive Meetings to be determined. personnel and advisor engaged by Istanbul DED. Draft text of the master plan Contact with the Organizations was discussed with the service Determination of the Engaged principals and all service group Details of the sample action plans Istanbul DED Personnel in the coordinators. prepared were presented in a Plan meeting. Draft of the service group action Istanbul DED has assigned service plans was presented to the Vis-à-vis meetings were held with principals and project coordinators authorities and decision-takers the service groups to develop the for monitoring the plan and a taking lace in the plan. action plants. list of Istanbul DED personnel (coordinators and service Works performed were shared At request of the service principals, principals) as prepared and then with the autorities and decision- action plan development meetings planning studies started. takers engaged in the plan. were made in presence of the organizations as well. Plan Evaluation Meetings Determination of the Engaged In order that the plan studies can Organization and Stakeholders Furthermore, training sets were be performed in the specified in the Plan prepared for all stakeholders process and time, a series of plan Stakeholder organizations taking covered by the plan. evaluation meetings were held. place in ADMIP for prevention, response and recovery were incorporated in the organization chart. 50 INTRODUCTION DISASTER MANAGEMENT AND BASIC CONCEPTS ADMIP CONTINUITY OF ADMIP
Formation of the Plan with the Updating and Sharing of the Plan The reason is that in the Organizations determination of ADMIP A presentation meeting was PROCESS, the specific dynamics With respect to the responsible held for presentation of the final of Istanbul has share as much officer at ADMIP, operations version of the plans by outlines as the general principals of the were completed for determination to the employees of Istanbul disaster planning. of the information transfer, Governor Offices and Istanbul reporting and similar processes; DED, executives of the engaged As an example for the entire preparation of the directives for organizations and the personnel Turkey, in order that this project the planning process regarding the engaged in the plan and expression may be useful for other cities, service principals/service groups of the works expected from the it depends on evaluation of the and service coordinators and organization to keep the plans dynamics specific to the city clarification of the plan contents updated. correctly. for all service groups. As it is seen, ADMIP process Test of the Plans by Operations is a process which has been prepared and conducted by a new Desk meetings were held with the understanding other than hose organizations. planning processes usual in our country. Plan Evaluation Meetings With the Organizations After Operations As indicated in the related parts Studies were completed to finalize of the study, disaster planning is a the ADMIP master plan text process with different Dynamics together with the service principals and mathematics, but flexible at and coordinators. the same time
ADMIP should be considered as a guide and each city should operate this process by its own dynamics. ISMEP GUIDE BOOKS ISTANBUL ADMIP 51
ADMIP Meeting Service Group Study
Outputs of the ADMIP Service Group Action Plan Executive Implementation/ Studies Operation Handbook It specifies and documents tasks and responsibilities of each service It gives information about desk Master Plan taking place in ADMIP before, operations. during and after the disaster or Istanbul Disaster and Emergency emergency cases; indicates the Istanbul Risk management Prevention, Response and work completion procedures; Strategy Recovery Plan (ADMIP9 prepares the forms to be used and Job Description Document defines the security rules. Service Plan It is a document for formation of Executive Targets Handbook an urban disaster risk management It specifies and documents tasks strategy for the city of Istanbul. and responsibilities of 4 services It contains operational procedures taking place in ADMIP before, to be followed by Istanbul Public Version of Istanbul during and after the disaster or Governor and persons taking place Disaster and Emergency emergency cases; indicates the in the event command in the first Prevention, Response and work completion procedures; 15 days. Recovery Plan prepares the forms to be used and defines the security rules. Process Management Manual It is a document prepared to share the plan with the people of It provides information to the Istanbul. organizations engaged in the plan about ADMIP process management. 52 INTRODUCTION DISASTER MANAGEMENT AND BASIC CONCEPTS ADMIP CONTINUITY OF ADMIP
ADMIP Meeting 2013 for the Safe Future of Istanbul
Total 21 meeting In order to introduce the plan, In the meeting which has lasted 4 sessions, including 15 receive additional considerations days, Service Groups Plan Studies parallel sessions, were from the organizations as well as were made for evaluation of 7 held together with all opinions and recommendations of sections individually: stakeholders. them and evaluate Service Group Action plans in the activities of organization, presentation, 1 Evaluation of “General operation and spread of ADMIP, Principles” “ADMIP Meeting 2013 for Safe 2 Evaluation of Formation and Future of Istanbul” was held Tasks of Service Group between the dates of May 21-24, 2013. 3 Evaluation of “General Status and Preparations” On the first day of the meeting, 450 persons from about 100 4 Evaluation of “Operational organizations, including a Procedures and Check Lists” corporate executive have attended to the group studies and more than 5 Evaluation of “Mutual Assistance and Cooperation 300 persons have attended the – Expectations from Other meeting on the other days. service Groups,
In the meeting, in order to secure 6 Evaluation of “Training and opinions and recommendations Operations” of the organizations and evaluate Service Group Action Plans, 7 Evaluation of “Forms” parallel sessions were held in 4 meeting hall where each 4 services would make evaluations simultaneously as per the coordination structure of ADMIP.
In this line, total 21 meeting sessions, including 15 parallel sessions, were held with all stakeholders. ISMEP GUIDE BOOKS ISTANBUL ADMIP 53
ADMIP Meeting for the Safe Future of Istanbul
On the first day of the meeting, Parallel sessions has covered desk Service group plans were uploaded after introduction of ADMIP, studies in 4 different halls where to this system before the meeting information was given to the 27 Service Groups under 4 service, and made ready for evaluation attendants in 2 sessions about namely, Response/Operation, during the meeting. “Basic Principles Of Disaster and Information and Planning, Emergency Planning”. And then Logistics and Maintenance, Especially representative of each E-ADMIP application, put into life Finance and Management were entity/organization taking place for plan generation and updating deployed. in the plan has presented their studies, was shared. opinions and recommendations On the fourth day of the meeting and made comments under The last session on the first day of continued with Service Group Plan the management of the head of the meeting has passed in form Studies. Planning Service Group. of parallel sessions. The first one of these sessions has been the Documents taking place in the Each evaluation and modification meeting held with heads of 27 Annexes part of the service group was colored on the plan text services groups in the organization actions plans were evaluation and observed in the system and of ADMIP. the required documents have been recorded in the system. determined. In other parallel session, “Safe Life Training 1” was given as prepared Following these parallel sessions by Istanbul Governor’s Office. the meeting program has completed with the closing speech The second day of the meeting delivered by Günay ÖZDEMİR, has passed with parallel sessions Deputy Governor, Istanbul. for examination, evaluation and completion of the deficient parts of In the meeting held, ADMIP the plans for the service group. and Service Group Plans were evaluation by means of e-ADMIP, a web-based system developed in electronic media. 54 INTRODUCTION DISASTER MANAGEMENT AND BASIC CONCEPTS ADMIP CONTINUITY OF ADMIP
Topkapı Park ISMEP GUIDE BOOKS ISTANBUL ADMIP 55
Continuity of ADMIP 56 INTRODUCTION DISASTER MANAGEMENT AND BASIC CONCEPTS ADMIP CONTINUITY OF ADMIP
Continuity of ADMIP
Istanbul DED also Continuity of the planning is not Ensure the Business designs things that something that can be achieved Continuity for complete and maintains only by a group or a person. Organizations ontinuity of ADMIP If ADMIP is not developed in studies. accordance with its targets or necessary works are not performed Just like a chain is powerful in accordance with the changes in as much as its weakest link, a the strategic target, the operation disaster plan prepared on basis of the planning is doomed to fail. of governance is also as powerful and enforceable as the capacities At this point, correct of the organizations to implement understanding of the plan by them. For this reason, ADMIP the target mass of entities and aims at improving capacities of the persons, support and adaptation organizations to this effect. to the organizational culture is a key step. In order that the Approach to this matter worldwide stakeholder organizations taking has been through a change and place in the plan may continue development as emphasized during their functionality and fulfill their the process. And today, the best legal liabilities, it should be always concept to describe the point updated and able to address to the arrived by the world countries on requirements. organizational scale is business continuity. The outstanding matters for continuity of ADMIP are detailed The approach of business as follows. In addition to them, continuity, a new concept Istanbul DED also designs the originated in 2000’s has become a matter to ensure continuity of the ISO standard (ISO 22301) and well works. recognized today.
ISMEP GUIDE BOOKS ISTANBUL ADMIP 57
Distribution of Important Public Buildings in the Risk Zones
School Hospital Historical Buildings Fire Brigade Safety
Although rather used in Aim of all these works is, in In this context, contribution to Information Technologies summary, to protect the said ADMIP of facilities of critical sector in our country, business organization against certain importance such as schools, continuity is essentially defined circumstances specified in the hospitals, facilities for meeting as “maintenance of functional regulations and overcome certain purpose, food-beverage production continuity of an organization to circumstances when they occur facilities has utmost importance in the predefined acceptable extent as with a minimum loss. In this way, capturing the desired success. a result of increase of its capacity the organization survives. In this respect, ADMIP also brings to respond to an event or events”. precautions to blend the existing Adverse results arising from “unity structure with the new approach. With the corporate planning and uniqueness” in the legislation Accordingly, the related facilities logistic and strategy it and applications performed in this prepare the plans required by recommends and incorporates in respect are known well. However, the respective provisions of the its body, ADMIP also contributes “availability and sustainability” regulations and present the same to building this capacity of of the new approach tried to be to the concerned authorities the organizations by means brought by ADMIP is in direct for approval. These plans, as of the works it performs and proportion to success of the mentioned before, are plans recommends on organizational organizations. prepared to assure the facilities basis. own availability. And adaptation to First of all, the organizations ADMIP is assured by an interface Applicable regulations in our should be kept available after a document. country make it mandatory of the possible disaster or emergency and organizations having a variety of then their active contribution to In addition to these plans with its conditions to make planning for the activities to be performed by preparation and template specified disaster and emergency cases. ADMIP should be provided. by law previously, a separate guide and plan is generated for The related organizations prepare integration with ADMIP. emergency and evacuation plans in terms of civil defense plan, anti- sabotage plan and, in some cases, fire plans and health and safety at work and submit them to the concerned authorities for approval. 58 INTRODUCTION DISASTER MANAGEMENT AND BASIC CONCEPTS ADMIP CONTINUITY OF ADMIP
Corporate planning Here the purpose is to previously purpose. It is also of great efforts will facilitate establish how the contribution will importance that hospitals should spread of ADMIP on be made on organization basis to functionally remain available the base, contribution the activities performed across during this process. Of course, to its adoption and the city under ADMIP. Of course, performance of all these functions embracement. such contribution will not be depends on the success of these same for all facilities. Accordingly, facilities to survive the event with for example, a plan to be made a minimum loss, available in both by a unit in charge of traffic organizational and structural management at a certain zone terms and, eventually, in good during the disaster under ADMIP harmony with ADMIP, which will be of different characteristic represents the system as a whole. and nature with that of a civil gas station in charge of supply fuel to Corporate planning efforts to the rescue vehicles. be performed according to this logic and integrity will facilitate Same logic is applicable for the spread on the base, recognition schools and hospitals, which are of and adoption of ADMIP and, great significance for the activities furthermore, the “whole” will planned to be performed after operate as desired with availability disaster can be conducted properly and contribution on organization and according to the intended basis. purpose. Basing on the requirements, a school building may be used for temporary accommodation, logistic support or for other ISMEP GUIDE BOOKS ISTANBUL ADMIP 59
Map Road of Sample Planning Works Performed at the Schools
1 2 3 Formation Announcement Site Work of the Plan of the Plan • Civil defense plans • Evaluation of datas • Presentation of the already made at the • Formation of the main text prepared plan and schools. • Formation of additionas communication of its contents.
Sample Emergency Plan Works Steps of the Planning Works Gains of the Planning Works Performed Performed With the realized project, disaster and emergency works have been performed at the pilot schools. • Plan of building evacuation • Establishment of the plan event command system Similarly, it is also among targets used worldwide by review of the project, to prepare sample • Identification of emergency of literature and thus projects for the tourist facilities exit doors inside the building formation of a plan as per international standards and buildings in the scope of • IIdentification of the historical-cultural heritage, if gathering places for • Establishment of a format requested. personnel and students in compliant with civil emergency defense plan and applicable by all users in order to • Formation of emergency make the plan adaptable Services consisting of to the regulations already fire extinguishing, rescue, in effect protection, first aid, logistic support, communication, • Preparation of the plan so information and evacuation as to cover other hazards units • Making event command • Generation of forms for system and services use in case of disaster and taking place in the plan emergency and formulated compliant with the existing Disaster • Preparation of Emergency and Emergency Plan of Standard Operation Istanbul Procedures and Scene Control List 60 INTRODUCTION DISASTER MANAGEMENT AND BASIC CONCEPTS ADMIP CONTINUITY OF ADMIP
Social, Environmental and Economic Effects of ADMIP
ADMIP is an initiative One of the basic reasons that operations with ADMIP, the aim playing key role in disasters reach to such great sizes is also to conduct the efforts to creating “Social is lack of public knowledge and contribute to safe life together with Resilience to Disaster”, awareness. the respective parts of the society. the main target of the disaster risk reduction When encountered with a natural-, And, in this way, it would be technological- and human-sourced possible to create a society ready operations. event that people are not aware and resistant at any level on of what kind of hazards they are individual, family, corporate, face to face and what should be quarter and city basis. done on local, corporate and social basis to reduce damages arising ADMIP is an initiative playing key from them, it is inevitable for the role in creating “Social Resilience societies to suffer considerable loss to Disaster”, the main target of the and damages with the event giving disaster risk reduction operations. way to disasters.
For this reason, it becomes mandatory to focus the operations with a great density and weight on the activities aiming at communicating and awareness building on part of the society. While, in this line, capacity to cope with disasters is developed with the disaster management ISMEP GUIDE BOOKS ISTANBUL ADMIP 61
Effects of the Disasters
MEASURABLE EFFECTS IMMEASURABLE EFFECTS
• Loss of life and injuries, • Long-term health problems, • Buildings and goods in them, • Dislocation of the generic integrity and order, • Infrastructures, • Social structure, • Plants, tools, devices and equipment, • Psychological loss and damages, • Stocks • Historical and cultural values, • Soil yield, • Impairment of environmental and ecologic balance, • Loss of living animals, • Etc. • Environmental degradations, • Etc.
ADMIP is implemented with a In addition to the organizations in society Furthermore, it is also comprehensive and multi-facet charge of the disaster management, planned to increase operatibility planning understanding taking ADMIP also participate the private by means of activities such as into consideration the disaster- sector organizations and civil development of information development interaction for society organizations and public management systems for the plan. the city of Istanbul, heart of the by way of volunteering system into national economy and a metropolis the operations, thus providing a Furthermore a unity of language building international relations. corporate structure gathering the and understanding is provided by stakeholders of the matter in a means of the training programs While it is intended with the systematic way. and their roles and responsibilities intended structure that the disaster before during and after the executives of Istanbul should act When ADMIP operations disaster, highlighting the areas rapidly and use the resources complete, it will provide a where they can contribute to the and budget efficiently to produce significant contribution in city disaster management. flexible solutions, the organizations reducing the economic loss, and public are also encouraged to estimated to be USD80 billion ADMIP contributes to safe participate in the risk reduction in some resources in addition future of ISTANBUL by creating operations. to the human, cultural and permanent mechanisms built on environmental damages to be scientific foundations and social given by an expected Istanbul involvement. earthquake.
A variety of corporate and technical capacity development investments are made for coordination of the preparation operations conducted in a wide range from city management through organizations and to the 62 INTRODUCTION DISASTER MANAGEMENT AND BASIC CONCEPTS ADMIP CONTINUITY OF ADMIP
The project “Integrated Integrated Urban While the hazards to which Urban Disaster Risk Disaster Risk the cities are face to face can el management Strategy Management Strategy examined individually and in for Istanbul” aims at detail, it is required to generate developing strategies on integrated hazard maps, by taking Another study performed for into consideration the possibility basis of an integrated availability of ADMIP is the of them to trigger each other or approach to all possible project “Integrated Urban Disaster occur together. threats, building on Risk Management Strategy for findings and propositions Istanbul” Consideration of the different derived from the studies vulnerability components and conducted on national In fighting against disasters, identification of the interaction scale and specifically for identification of the origins of the of them will help identify weak Istanbul. hazards and consideration of the points of the settlements and items under threat of those origins society against the possible threats of hazards is very important for and take reinforcing precautions identification of the disaster risks. In other words, “diagnosis before These two summarized data treatment” appears as the process set (hazards and weaknesses) which requires careful study for would contribute to generation correct response. of comprehensive and realistic risk analyses, identification Many disasters today have of emergency response areas dramatically shown need of an and manners and formation of integrated approach in evaluation integrated urban disaster risk the risks and taking precautions management strategies. against those risks. Earthquakes occurred in Marmara Region is a milestone for transition from disaster management to risk management in Turkey. ISMEP GUIDE BOOKS ISTANBUL ADMIP 63
While, as it has been mentioned basing on the findings and Furthermore, “disaster database before, the basic point in the propositions derived from the system” has been made usable, former disaster management was studies performed on national updatable and shareable in many restructuring and restoration by scale and specifically for Istanbul settlements under natural and government after the disaster, up to now. technological threats in term of its the foundation of the modern outlines, approach and data. disaster management is built As identification of all other on risk management, previous hazards, which pose threat to Purpose of the Integrated Urban identification of hazards, Istanbul and not been dealt Disaster Risk Management prevention of them, if possible; with systematically yet is very Strategy is integration of the precautions against these hazards, important for taking precautions methods and approaches taking if it is not possible to prevent to minimize the damage, into consideration hazards and them; minimization of all kinds of Integrated Urban Disaster Risk risks of disasters with the planning urban, structural, social-economic Management Strategy is developed system and structuring process an ecologic; development of by support and contribution of the and integration of these aspects cooperation and coordination public organizations and entities, with new legal regulations and among the organizations and local administrations, universities, organizational structuring in order public involvement in order to civil society organizations, media to create a sustainable, safe, livable, prevent conversion of the hazards and private sector. prepared against disaster and to disasters. resistant living environments. Integrated Urban Disaster Risk To this purpose, numerous management Strategy outlined In line with these purposes, in scientific studies have been here takes the information addition to the earthquake hazard made since 1999 and new legal derived and propositions made put forward by the previous regulations have been put into by the leading projects performed studies, all hazards posing threat effect. previously as basic input, showing to Istanbul and not systematically a method compliant with the researched yet and he risks The project “Integrated Urban fundamental strategies laid down associated with them will be Disaster Risk Management in KENTGES (Integrated Urban identified and precautions will be Strategy” aims at developing Development Strategy and Action taken to minimize damage. strategies with an integrated Plan). approach to all possible threats, 64 INTRODUCTION DISASTER MANAGEMENT AND BASIC CONCEPTS ADMIP CONTINUITY OF ADMIP
The following operations are • Identification of urban • Arrangements for integration performed in this respect: risks and interested parties; of the preparation principles institutionalization of risk of Disaster and Emergency • Identification of the profile of reduction/management works Response, Risk Management the hazards posing threat to the for determining extent of loss and Loss reduction plans with city and collection of such data and priorities in each sector. the application and legislation that may be input for planning in order to create foundation for activities of any kind and scale at • Regulation of the principles for city-scale emergency and crisis a single point. preparation of Risk Reduction management. Strategic Plans (Prevention • Identification of the principles Plans), planning system and As stated above, Integrated for detection of types, scopes integration with other Urban Disaster Risk Management and possibility of realization regulations with a view to Strategy constitutes a significant of the hazards in connection creating foundation for urban- part of ADMIP related works, with different sectors and areas scale plans and minimizing the providing significant input for in cooperation with the related risks. some works as well. The activities organizations ad research units + performed are a must for a modern and preparation of documents • Identification of principles for disaster management. concerning them. methods to identify and reduce risks associated with macroform, Stops to be taken by taking into • Development of disaster settlement, urban texture, open consideration the results and scenarios for the sectors and field in the settlements, types of recommendations of the risk fields under threat; identification use and dangerous use, management strategy with the of principles for preparation of emergency service facilities outlines and fundamental principles them. and gathering places, evacuation stated will improve livability of the axis, historical and cultural urban areas and resistance of them • Description of urban hazards, assets and special hazard areas against disasters, on the one hand, weaknesses and identification, and for avoidance planning for and ensure the plans prepared documentation and analysis of coordination of them on city scale to be applicable, on the risks. the other hand. An important poi nt with respect to the works is that both operations should be conducted by specific experts, coordinated and cooperation of the experts should be assured. ISMEP GUIDE BOOKS ISTANBUL ADMIP 65
Basic Work Packages under the Project Integrated Urban Disaster Risk Management Strategy for Istanbul
1 IDENTIFICATION OF HAZARDS AND GENERATION OF THE RELATED DATABASE
It includes generation of database for production of integrated hazard maps and scenario activities related to possible results of the hazards having characteristics to trigger each other.
2 EVALUATION OF VULNERABILITY OF URBAN (IN STRUCTURAL, ECONOMIC, ENVIRONMENTAL TERMS, ETC.
Identification of the items constituting the urban structure and the vulnerability criteria arising from interaction among them and correlation with the space .
3 3 IDENTIFICATION OF URBAN RISKS
It concerns description of the urban risks on sector basis and integrated illustration of them in the space by using the outputs of the 1st and 2nd packages.
4 ESTABLISHMENT/EVALUATION OF MITIGATION AND DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES
It concerns development of strategies on basis of the findings derived from the first three work packages as well as activities to offer alternatives. 66 INTRODUCTION DISASTER MANAGEMENT AND BASIC CONCEPTS ADMIP CONTINUITY OF ADMIP
e-admip Interface Display
e-admip, a web based e – admip • Definition of the users, application, has been organizations and the planning developed for facilitation Information age in which we live personnel of these organizations of monitoring, updating makes it mandatory to combine systematically and use of ADMIP. technology and information. This fact also applies for ADMIP • Access of the authorized operations. As a natural result personnel to the related plans of this situation, a we-based on the web for development application has been developed to operations of ADMIP master facilitate monitoring, updating and plan and service group plans use of ADMIP. • Opportunity for each The following have been achieved organization to generate, revise by “e – ADMIP” and update of the service group plans for which they are engaged in the same media
• Opportunity for the organizations for spontaneous exchange of knowledge on their own service group plans and those of the other service groups
• Communication with other service groups related to plan via this channel ISMEP GUIDE BOOKS ISTANBUL ADMIP 67
Istanbul Safe Life Volunteering System Wokshop
ADMIP master plan as well as Importance of Media in Communication plans of 27 service groups have the Planning Works Strategy been integrated into “e-ADMIP”. To make ADMIP a mobilization Other plans such as third level Media has a great role to play in and social contract, it is important action plans may be incorporated having access to the public in the to perform communication works. into the system when desired; matter of disasters and reduction furthermore, volunteering of the planning approach from the Besides the planning operations, activities and training activities urban level to the houses. projects have started to be intended to be created under the developed for communication of operations for reinforcement The targets include involvement things required to be performed of the corporate structure of of and preparation of the before, during and after disaster Istanbul DED will be monitored projects together with the media and involvement of the public and integrated into the analysis for communication, building with respect to these activities, systems awareness and getting prepared conduct of encouragement efforts the public about disasters. for volunteering and opportunity for the public to have access to the updated data. 68 INTRODUCTION DISASTER MANAGEMENT AND BASIC CONCEPTS ADMIP CONTINUITY OF ADMIP
Istanbul Safe Life Volunteering System Wokshop
ADMIP as a modern Volunteering System The plan is based on reinforcement disaster management has of social capacity for a Istanbul a structure that requires As it has been in the world, resistant to disasters. social involvement. the new focus of the disaster management in our country In order that ADMIP may has shifted to giving more place fulfill this function, a disaster to prevention and preparation volunteering system has been operation in such a way to developed under the leadership of minimize rescue operations Istanbul DED. after occurrence of disasters, thus reducing social, economic With this volunteering system, and environmental loss. These which will operate in complete operations, called reduction of harmony with ADMIP, the target disaster risks, will, when supported is development of volunteer by social based systems, be able to organizations for reduction of cope with disasters in a structure disaster risk, encouragement of basing on local community and the public for involvement with social union of force. the risk reduction operations voluntarily and achievement of a ADMIP as a modern disaster level enabling that Istanbul to be management has a structure that a self-contained city by means of requires social involvement. preparations and performance of the operations by solidarity and in a systematic way. ISMEP GUIDE BOOKS ISTANBUL ADMIP 69
Disaster Volunteering System
Publicity, Information and Volunteer Awareness- Candidates raising
Assessment
Database
Motivation Trainings
Orientation Promotion Programs
Resource Drills Management
Capacity Resource Building Development
Tasking Monitoring 70
References
Lucien G. CANTON, (2007) Prof. Dr. Polat GÜLKAN, “Emergency Management: Concept and Dr. B. Burçak BAŞBUĞ ERKAN), (2009) Strategies for Effective Programs”, “Perspectives In Disaster Management” John Wiley & Sons Inc., ABD Middle East Technical University Disaster Management Implementation and Research Damon P. COPPOLA, (2007) Center, Ankara, Turkey “Introduction to International Disaster Management”, Elsevier Inc, ABD Prof. Dr. Mikdat KADIOĞLU, (2011) “Afet Yönetimi Beklenilmeyeni Beklemek, “Yokohama Strategy and Plan of Action En Kötüsünü Yönetmek”, Marmara Belediyeler for a Safer World” Birliği Yayınları, http://www.preventionweb.net/english/ professional/publications/v.php?id=8241 Betül ŞENGEZER, Hatice KANSU, (2001) “Kapsamlı Afet Yönetimi”, Yıldız Teknik Dr. Polat TUNÇER, (2012) Üniversitesi Mimarlık Gakültesi, Şehir ve Bölge “Yönetim ve Organizasyon”, Planlama Bölümü, Türkiye, Beta Yyaınları, İstanbul İstanbul Deprem Master Planı, (2003) Bekir PARLAK, (2011) İstanbul Büyükşehir Belediyesi “Yönetim Bilimi ve Çağdaş Yönetim Teknikleri”, Beta Yayınları, İstanbul ISMEP Toplum Eğitim Modülleri, (2013) www.guvenliyasam.org Ali Utku ŞAHİN, (2011) “Türk Afet Yönetim Sistemi İçin Bir Model ISMEP Araştırma Raporları Önerisi”, Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Bitirme Tezi, İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi ISMEP Proje Dokümanları, İlerleme Raporları Dr. İsmail GÜNDÜZ, (2009) “Dünyada ve Türkiye’de Afet Yönetimi” Erdem Yayınları, İstanbul,
William L. WAUGH, JR, (2003) “Living With Hazards Dealing With Disasters An Introduction To Emergency Management” M.E.Sharpe Inc., ABD
Prof. Dr. Mikdat KADIOĞLU, Doç. Dr. Emin ÖZDAMAR, (2005) “Afet Yönetiminin Temel İlkeleri” JICA Türkiye Ofisi Yayın No:1, Ankara ISMEP GUIDE BOOKS ISTANBUL ADMIP 71 ISMEP Guide Books
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