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Production Performance and Hematological Analysis of Zapteryx Brevirostris in a Closed System

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Production Performance and Hematological Analysis of Zapteryx Brevirostris in a Closed System Brazilian Journal of Animal and Environmental Research 625 ISSN: 2595-573X Production Performance and hematological analysis of Zapteryx brevirostris in a Closed System Desempenho Produtivo e Hemograma da Zapteryx brevirostris em Sistema Fechado DOI: 10.34188/bjaerv4n1-053 Recebimento dos originais: 20/11/2020 Aceitação para publicação: 20/12/2020 Tais Pereira de Sousa Lima Mestre em Aquicultura e Pesca pelo Instituto de Pesca/APTA/SAAESP Instituto de Pesca/APTA/SAAESP Av. Bartolomeu de Gusmão, 192 - Ponta da Praia, Santos-SP, Brasil [email protected] Carlos Eduardo Malavasi Bruno Doutor em Ciências pela Universidade de São Paulo/Departamento de Anatomia dos Animais Domésticos e Silvestres da Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia. Instituto Pau Brasil de História Natural Rua Bolívia, 545, Guararema - SP, Brasil [email protected] Venâncio Guedes de Azevedo Doutor em Ciências pela Universidade de São Paulo/ Instituto Oceanográfico Instituto de Pesca/APTA/SAAESP. Núcleo Regional de Pesquisa do Litoral Norte Estrada Joaquim L. M. C. Neto, 2275. Itaguá, Ubatuba-SP, Brasil [email protected] Alberto Ferreira de Amorim Doutor em Ciências Biológicas pela Universidade Estadual Paulista/ Instituto de Biociências/Campus de Rio Claro Instituto de Pesca/APTA/SAAESP Av. Bartolomeu de Gusmão, 192 - Ponta da Praia, Santos-SP, Brasil [email protected] ABSTRACT The shortnose guitarfish ray, Zapteryx brevirostris, is constantly hauled by seven-beard-shrimp trawl nets are currently within the endangered species category. One means of preserving some aquatic species is to maintain them in a captive system such as tanks and aquariums, where it is possible to know their behaviors, as well as hematology and their well-being. The objective of this study was to analyze the productive performance and hematological analysis of Zapteryx brevirostris when submitted to different sediments in a captive system of water recirculation. For this, four treatments were used: Treatment 1 (gravel), treatment 2 (coarse sand), treatment 3 (medium sand) and treatment 4 (control) without sediment. At the end of the experiment, growth and weight data were taken for calculations of productive performance. Further, the hematological analysis was performed. The results showed that the species showed no significant difference for productive performance and hematological analysis in all treatments. However, treatment 3 (medium sand) was the only one to demonstrate weight gain, but the hematological analysis proved Brazilian Journal of Animal and Environmental Research, Curitiba, v. 4, n. 1, p. 625-636 jan./mar. 2021 Brazilian Journal of Animal and Environmental Research 626 ISSN: 2595-573X that the rays of all treatments were with hypochromic microcytic anemia. Thus, none of the treatments contributed to the productive performance and well-being of the rays. Key words: ray, sediment, hematological analysis. RESUMO A raia-viola, Zapteryx brevirostris, é constantemente capturada pela pesca de arrasto do camarão- sete-barbas, atualmente está na categoria de espécies ameaçadas de extinção. Uma forma de preservar algumas espécies aquáticas é mantê-las em sistema cativo, como tanques e aquários, onde é possível conhecer seu comportamento, sua hematologia e seu bem-estar. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar o desempenho produtivo e o hemograma da Zapteryx brevirostris quando submetida a diferentes sedimentos em um sistema cativo de recirculação de água. Para isso, foram utilizados quatro tratamentos: Tratamento 1 (cascalho), tratamento 2 (areia grossa), tratamento 3 (areia média) e tratamento 4 (controle) sem sedimento. No final do experimento, os dados de crescimento e peso foram tomados para cálculos de desempenho produtivo. Posteriormente, foi realizada a análise hematológica. Os resultados mostraram que as espécies não apresentaram diferença significativa para desempenho produtivo e hemograma em todos os tratamentos. No entanto, o tratamento 3 (areia média) mostrou ganho de peso, porém a análise hematológica demonstrou que todas as raias dos quatro tratamentos estavam com anemia microcítica hipocrômica. Assim, nenhum dos tratamentos contribuiu para o desempenho produtivo e o bem-estar das raias. Palavras-chave: raia, sedimento, hemograma. 1 INTRODUCTION Aquatic animals such as fish and shrimp can be kept in a captive system, such as tanks and aquaria, but it is important to control water parameters (temperature, pH, salinity, ammonia, nitrite and nitrate) in order to maintain water quality and reduce the risk factors that could harm the health of the animal and, consequently, its death. (SMITH et al., 2004; PEDRAZZANI et al., 2007; NORONHA et al., 2008; DIAS, 2009; OBA et al., 2009). Aquarium sediments may also contribute to the welfare of these animals (FRANDSEN and DOLMER, 2002; STUART et al., 2006; MENDONÇA, 2010). Galhardo et al., (2008), observed that the absence of substrate in the aquarium can influence the territorial inactivity of the male Mozambique tilapia, Oreochromis massambicus, since it is a species that presents a territorial behavior for copulation. Mendonça, (2010), studying Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, found that the type of substrate interferes with reproduction, behavior and hormonal levels that affect well- being. For elasmobranches, the sediment within a captive system is important for the well-being of the animal. According to Maracini et al., (2009), when reporting the birth of bamboo shark, Chylloscyllium punctatum, the use of fine granulometry sand as the dolomite in order to keep the fish in a suitable environment. Rezende, (2017), stated that aquaria maintained with Potamotrygon Brazilian Journal of Animal and Environmental Research, Curitiba, v. 4, n. 1, p. 625-636 jan./mar. 2021 Brazilian Journal of Animal and Environmental Research 627 ISSN: 2595-573X sp. rays should contain sand of fine granulometry so that it does not provoke injuries in the ventral region of the animal and, consequently, entrance of invading microorganisms. Greenway et al., (2016), comparing the sediments, sand and gravel, and the absence of the same, verified the preference of the ray, Raja clavate, for the sand. Gonzalez, (2004), when reporting the birth of Zapteryx brevirostris kept in an aquarium, observed that the species tended to bury itself in the sand. When the fish is in an environment that provides well-being, it swims normally, feeds itself, as well as displays other natural behaviors of the species. However, when the fish is exposed to a stress situation by parasites or by diseases or poor water quality, it displays responses such as: a lack of appetite, erratic swimming, aggressive behavior and increase of cortisol in the blood which is an element considered as a stress indicator (LIMA et al., 2006; NORONHA et al., 2008; DIAS 2009; OBA, 2009; SILVEIRA et al., 2009). In addition to cortisol, Ranzani-Paiva et al., (2013), stated that the hematological analysis, both of the red blood cells and of the white blood cells, is used to verify if the fish is in a state of stress, and it is possible to verify changes in: erythrocytes, hematocrits, Mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC). For example, low values of MCV can show if the fish is anemic, this occurs when the environment causes some type of stress, consequentially, the fish ceases to feed causing the physiological alteration. Takatsuka et al., (2017), found that Zapteryx brevirostris, when kept in a closed system and with long periods of food deprivation, demonstrated anemia which was different from rays fed every day. However, when fed regularly and deprived of food for a short period they did not present anemia and tended to gain weight as well as improve productive performance. Zapteryx brevirostris is a species of the Trygonorrhinidae family that comprises three genera, and the genus, Zapteryx, has three species: Zapteryx brevirostris, Zapteryx xyster and Zapteryx exasperata (LAST et al., 2016). Zapteryx brevirostris has a short muzzle and can be called a tuiuiú, mandolin or shortnose ray (BORNATOWISK and ABILHOA, 2012). According to Figueiredo, (1977), the species can be found from Fernando de Noronha to the Rio de la Plata in Argentina. It is considered an endangered species by the IUNC (International Union for Nature Conservation) due to being a trawling bycatch, and studies of this species are necessary in order to contribute to its preservation. The objective of this study was to analyze the productive performance and hematological analysis of Zapteryx brevirostris, when submitted to different sediments in a captive system of water recirculation. Brazilian Journal of Animal and Environmental Research, Curitiba, v. 4, n. 1, p. 625-636 jan./mar. 2021 Brazilian Journal of Animal and Environmental Research 628 ISSN: 2595-573X 2 MATERIAL AND METHODS The experiment was carried out in December 2016, with a duration of 18 days. The parameters of the water were measured daily with a HANNA HI 9829 multiparameter water meter. 2.1 EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS A total of 36 shortnose guitarfish rays, Zapteryx brevirostris, were obtained, comprised of 17 males and 19 females, randomly captured by trawling of seven-beard-shrimp (Xiphopenaeus kroyeri) in Itaguá bay, Ubatuba, São Paulo. Since the species is classified as endangered by the International Union for Nature Conservation (IUNC), the material was obtained by means of a permit issued by the Brazilian Institute for the Environment and Natural Renewable
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