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S Upple Ment Dictto\ Ça 1Rl De La Bible S UPPLE MENT DICTTO\ ÇA 1RL DE LA BIBLE sous la rlffr^ `tinlt (Ic Iacyues RR1LNU Michel QUESNEL Prokssuur d'11-iciiture1 ^ 1iutr TI. 1-1 I'Institlitcathdliquc J Fans 'Instittt catholique de Paru Dtrecieur h„itr^r^lu< Hcl>_ri CAZELLES 1't ELICATI()N 1\lti \NT P\RTIL. 1)11 I'R( (iF N11\11 )1 RECHERCHE 1)1 I_ E( )LE PR 1Ol fils H\UTES ÉTUDES, SECTION DLS S(ILN(ES RELIGIEUSES, CENTRE Z)'IIIJDIiI)ESIELI(it()N" L) I,l'RE LAI )RF1I ()IRE r .SSOCJE Air 1 N Iy Fascicule 7-1- SUSE -SYNA(i'OGUE LETOUZEY &=AN1 . ÉDITEVItS 7,. b^ùle^ ^trd Raspail PARIS-V e 2003 LaIlItiaTt'tT li..e. :' hIIILL[)hSl \T; l'arts., le f1.t juin 2011 3 Paris. le 30 juin _'t1i13 Maurice Vitrai.. P.S.S. 1lich.l l)) puy, P.S.S. ,ipisie T.TSTL DLS ;'\R' inf S E .-U DES. COY,L,1L3OR?\i I RS DU . E\SC'IC't1 1,L 74 SYNAGOGUE SUSE F Sri e ditnti l ' histoire (suite) : G. :Les tell n,,o:q . n lai sn alhultür e naeor il I I. l' urcheelo ic et 111,1..e desekuppcnrcnt de -Susc. G.1. La reli,^ii n ^uso-clirmile dru F Vallat_ 1 or. Cirse de la sV nlr_n,ue+: liliale dtrcetrur de re'hereitte ati CNES G2:'Li armas l'in.ittituti iii ', nago i,ile: IV. -Les [r u^tien^ turc d trisme à Suse. 13. Suse.`et le luta sincdr la dcpor-. i naro;_ue et les ut es de I nctic n. V, L ter rartion orienlalc, par M.-l Sit r.- flet, du«:N.P.S E_r.d. l'L ethure et l'hnmilctique dam l'ancienne -n' a i- Le chri:stitnuismc ii -Suse ci en Susiiinc, J1ar G. et deuv. VI.-heuiiations cuutrnrrirTeS et prifies ,t la F:-Juliien. N. Psihliogl iphie. s n.reouc: .Lu S'^'natogue et I 1 lise dans le Ni uveau . icstaunenl, pat ('lu, I'errut. pn'Ierreur. hunoraitr' di l' Institut eathrihyire de Paris. \ Id. 1.es mc,saïquc s alr tie_1U2.tlCS. par. A. Conlenra. dt urieur- C0Rf:ICIENDA ral 17'), lu^91' 5 lire (aurai/ESSANA) au lice SUSE' col. 3. 2, Ii ne 34, lire TT)s t Klau : ' snntI 'e''a^a) col.- 1, lient 4 rit lx Lee v» au lieu M an lieu de r trr'puv Yo' ri ais col. ^n_e 37, lire art `_.unin r an lieu dé Cru. znn l i'g-ne : li uns IKu-rdi') qu Leu de oüaâ uni 4S; col. `37.dernitr Iianrt, lire rip ûarr au trip de ('srus lNu-rase 01. 51i. lient .111, lité 4y 1H-ni i a. lied de itp6u ovcscs col.373,ligne4.lite'iàrrLrrü etaulieudetat ..Ajr udaua Dans 'les transcriptions des laiisucs orientales LOv60tÇii Tu z t parfois tf nd i par un ^« a », le' lin de la ligne 6, tir e a u Lc a d rx anciennes, le .i col_ 373. k s' par..un n. voire par un) col. 373, ligne 22, lité e ^ovt;out au In 1t lite r > »par iur .. et le ,. S urit par un ii rit par un (5 i'lun -^t76UbS I.r lettre t tait en capitale.'ou enipetite capitale. col.''173, fia de la ligne 44 lire ï v au lieu de cr'_ [lue ,_erreurs se.répètent dans le chapitre col. _114, dernière ligne, lire inh ahâtit iu) au li'u c Las dernietr F Suse d<a , r ^ 7 Moire, notamment ù pattirde hi colonne Ilàtaahâti( su les cleft`livrées ici, le lecteur restitüeiz aisé col. 460, 12` ligne avant la fin, lie L rf-r 947 avec .1t: si tilt ectes dans les -mats concernes. Lhr-tas-DGyCIR:(4f trient les lettres cor DiNC+IIz_.G.AL au lieu de r LISTE DES SIGLES NOTE POUR :LA RELIURE de réttnir en tomes les fas- Pour les références bibliographiques les phis Les abonnes desircux leur dictionnaire trouveront , insérées atï courantes, se reporter aux listes des si es qui finarënt croules de gl milieu dr lu dérni'ut feuille il i derntcr la>aieule de en tête et aux col. 638-644 du tome ?C, et qui lmt ts tilt €. ch<r^luc t iuia.le6 p.i^^r; Lit türe nete, 1lr' r l.uclïuic^". éditées en tirés à pari et vendite au 1 riz d^ 4 513 SUSE 514 F.9.2. Suse dans l'histoire parthe De Mithridate II (ca 124- 90) à Omde Il (ca 58 :53 av J.-C) Vers 238 avant J.-C. Arsace, chef de la tribu des Panses, Au début du règne de Mithridate, le trafic commercial nomades du nord-est de l'Iran, envahit la satrapie de Par- reste limité ; le redressement s'ébauchera avec le com- thyiène et proclame la création d'un Étatparthe. Mais il fau- mencement du let s. av. J.-C., lorsque arrivent les pièces de dra attendre un siècle pour que les Arsacides s'imposent à bronze de la capitale et, avec elles, les, marchands. Les Suse: Le royaume parthe est loin d'être affermi ; la lutte succès militaires et la politique de Mithridate sont béné - contre les Séleucides continuera jusqu'en 129 av. J.-C. fiques pour Suse. En 122 il avait stoppé les ambitions du roi de Characène, qu'il a su ménager. et sauvegarder ainsi La phase séleuco-parthe à Suse (ca 175-147 av. J.-C.) ses propres débouchés sur les ports du golfe Persique: Il Antiochus IV (175-164) sera le dernier souverain à mar- va s'ingénier aussi à contrer la concurrence des Lagides quer, moins fugitivement que ses successeurs, la présence d'Égypte qui évitent le golfe dans leur route maritime vers grecque à Suse. II essayera de relancer son rôle de relais les Indes. A la fin du ne s. av. J.-C. des contacts sont établis entre le golfe Persique et Séleucie du Tigre. Son mon- entre les Parthes et la Chine. nayage se distingue par la présence d'une déesse au « polos » - probablement une Artémis/Nanaïa - qui mani - De 53 av. J.-C. à la fin de la période parthe à Suse feste la tendance de la communauté susienne à privilégier Le monnayage de bronze, qui représentait jusqu'ici les divinités orientales. Plusieurs des actes d'affranchisse- l'importance de l'institution municipale, est remplacé vers ment gravés sur les murs du temple de Nanda la Susienne 53, par des drachmes d'argent, ce qui témoigne de nou- sont faits sous son règne (SEG vii, 15, 18 ?, 19). veau d'un certain affaissement du trafic entre Séleucie du Tigre, et Suse (Séleucie de l'Eulaios). Les Arsacides sont Interméde élyméen (ca 147-140 av. Z-C.) engagés alors dans les guerres contre les Romains. En 147, un roi d'Elymaïde, territoire voisin de la La situation prend un nouveau tour à -Suse avec Susiane, Kamniskirès I (nom dynastique, de l'élamite : Phraate IV (40-3 av. J: C.). Les Romains ont été vaincus kapni's1Qra « gardien du trésor; trésorier ») s'empare de ou contenus à l'ouest de l'Euphrate : les Arsacides sont les Suse, et y frappe monnaie. Les Elyméens en seront très maîtres du Moyen-Orient ; c'est alors que Séleucie de vite chassés par le parthe Mithridate I, mais les Séleucides l'Eulaios, en 31/30, abandonne une nouvelle fois sonnons n'y reviendront jamais. pour devenir Phraata de Suse : (p«r-ra -rà év Eoùuotç. Cette seconde métonomasie, comme on l'a vu pour la pre- Mithridate £ (ca 171-139/8) mière, suppose que, dans le même temps, des travaux- (cf. Justin, XXXVIII, x, 6 ; XLI, vi, 8 ; LXII, i, 1) importants sont entrepris qui renouvellent l'aspect de la Gravant sur ses premières pièces de bronze, au droit des cité. Mais la population.n'a pas changé et l'administration monnaies, la tête de Tyché, Mithridate aurait ainsi marqué de la cité est encore entre les mains des Grecs. Les d'emblée son bon-vouloir à l'égard des Grecs. « On a deux épigrammes en l'honneur du stratège/stratiarque l'impression que son pouvoir dut s'établir sans violence et Zamaspès, distantes d'une trentaine d'années, sont de d'une façon favorable à l'élément gréco-macédonien de la cette époque (cf. SEG vii, 12 et 13). Elles laissent entre- cité » (Le Rider 1965, p. 374). La communauté susienne, voir des ouvrages d'envergure destinés à draguer le cours qui pouvait voir sur ses monnaies un roi parthe recevant d'une rivière (le Gondeisos, sans doute une dérivation son investiture d'Apollon, ne devait pas pressentir alors prise sur l'Ab-e Dïz ou la Karkha) dont l'assainissement a l'annonce d'unchangement radical. De faiLSuse demeurera i redonné la fertilité à une zone livrée au désert, Il y_ eut_à une polis de modèle grec jusque dans la première moitié n'en pas douter d'autres initiatives qui transformèrent la du let s. ap. J.-C. ville dont l'administration est toujours entre les mains des Témoignage important pour les débuts de la présence Grecs. Mais on peut se rendre compte aussi de la colla- parthe : le trésor n° 7, découvert à Suse, en 1933-1934 sur boration entre les deux éléments de la communauté le versant oriental de la Ville Royale. On y trouve, après susienne : ce Zamaspès est certainement un Iranien, son Séleucus IV et Kamniskirès, la suite des rois parthes : nom se retrouve dans l'anthroponymie perse (cf.
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