5.7. Rounding Off Regulations
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Dominican Republic
Required Report: Required - Public Distribution Date: June 29,2020 Report Number: DR2020-0012 Report Name: Retail Foods Country: Dominican Republic Post: Santo Domingo Report Category: Retail Foods Update on the Dominican Republic Retail Sector Prepared By: Mayra Carvajal Approved By: Elizabeth Autry Report Highlights: Report Highlights: The Dominican Republic (DR) is one of the most dynamic economies in the Caribbean region. With U.S. consumer-oriented product exports reaching US$600 million in 2019, the country represents the fifth-largest market in Latin America. The DR’s modern retail sector is growing rapidly and offers a wide variety of U.S. products. However, despite the prominence and growth of local supermarket chains, they only account for 20-25 percent of total retail sales. Most sales are still in the traditional channel, which includes neighborhood stores (colmados) and warehouses, which offer largely local products. THIS REPORT CONTAINS ASSESSMENTS OF COMMODITY AND TRADE ISSUES MADE BY USDA STAFF AND NOT NECESSARILY STATEMENTS OF OFFICIAL U.S. GOVERNMENT POLICY Market Fact Sheet: Dominican Republic Quick Facts CY 2019 List of Top 10 Growth Products The Dominican Republic (DR) is an upper middle-income country with low and stable inflation. It is the second-largest economy in 1) Cheese 6) Meat (Beef) the Caribbean, just behind Cuba, and the third-largest country in 2) Wine 7) Seafood terms of population (behind Cuba and Haiti). In 2019, the DR’s 3) Beer 8) Snack foods GDP reached approximately US$89 billion, a 5.1 percent increase 4) Pork 9) Frozen potatoes/veg from 2018. The DR’s major export growth has shifted away from 5) Chicken parts 10) Fresh fruit its traditional products (raw sugar, green coffee, and cacao) to gold, Ferro-nickel, sugar derivatives, free-trade zone products, Consumer-Oriented Trade (U.S. -
I. the ECONOMIC and TRADE ENVIRONMENT (1) Major Features
Dominican Republic W/TPR/S/11 Page 1 I. THE ECONOMIC AND TRADE ENVIRONMENT (1) Major Features of the Economy1 1. The Dominican Republic is located in the eastern half of the Caribbean island of Hispaniola (with Haiti on the western half). It has an area of 48,442 km2. In 1993, the population was around 7.5 million; population growth has declined to around 2 per cent in the 1990s from 2.7 per cent in the early 1970s. The urban population is increasing, amounting to 63 per cent of the total in 1993 (Table I.1). The Dominican Republic is endowed with different types of soil suitable for agriculture and is rich in minerals; its traditional production structure has been in agricultural goods such as sugar, coffee, cocoa, and tobacco and in the exploitation of minerals such as nickel, doré (a gold and silver alloy) and bauxite. The abundance of labour and the proximity to the United States have been important elements in the rapid growth of exports, mainly of clothing, from free zones (Chapter V(4)); furthermore, a buoyant tourist industry has developed around the many attractive beaches (Chapters V(5)). Table I.1 Major features of the Dominican Republic economy (1987 prices) 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1991 1992 1993 Population (thousands) 4,423 5,049 5,697 6,376 7,110 7,247 7,387 7,543 urban population (per cent) 40.0 45.3 50.5 55.7 60.4 61.2 62.1 62.9 Current GNP per capita (US$) 340 720 1160 760 890 1010 1170 1230 Labor force (thousands) 1,157 1,340 1,571 1,862 2,187 2,251 2,317 2,384 Female participation (per cent) 11.0 11.7 12.4 13.7 15.0 15.3 15.6 15.9 GDP at constant market prices GDP (US$ million) 2,184 3,345 4,240 4,588 5,493 5,545 5,975 6,151 Share in GDP Agriculture 27.6 20.9 20.0 20.3 16.0 16.5 16.2 15.8 Industry 23.7 29.2 28.4 26.2 24.6 23.5 24.6 24.2 Manufacturing 15.4 15.7 15.3 13.7 12.5 12.3 12.9 12.6 Services 48.6 49.9 51.6 53.5 59.4 60.1 59.2 60.0 School enrollment ratio Primary 100 104 118 126 .. -
An Empirical Analysis of the Black Market Exchange Rate in Iran
University of Wollongong Research Online Faculty of Commerce - Papers (Archive) Faculty of Business and Law March 2004 An Empirical Analysis of the Black Market Exchange Rate in Iran Abbas Valadkhani University of Wollongong, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://ro.uow.edu.au/commpapers Part of the Business Commons, and the Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Valadkhani, Abbas: An Empirical Analysis of the Black Market Exchange Rate in Iran 2004. https://ro.uow.edu.au/commpapers/395 Research Online is the open access institutional repository for the University of Wollongong. For further information contact the UOW Library: [email protected] An Empirical Analysis of the Black Market Exchange Rate in Iran Abstract The Iranian rial has been depreciated on average about 13 per cent per annum against the U.S dollar during the last four decades. This paper examines the long- and short-run determinants of the black market exchange rate employing the cointegration techniques and the annual time series data from 1960 to 2002. Consistent with previous studies and the monetary approach to the exchange-rate determination, it is found that the black market exchange rate is cointegrated with the relative consumer price indices in Iran and the U.S., real GDP and the relative import prices. However, in the short run only the rising relative prices and a meagre real GDP growth have been responsible for the depreciation of Iranian currency. Keywords Black market, exchange rate, Iran, Cointegration Disciplines Business | Social and Behavioral Sciences Publication Details This article was originally published as Valadkhani, A, An Empirical Analysis of the Black Market Exchange Rate in Iran, Asian-African Journal of Economics and Econometrics, 4(2), 2004, 141-52. -
Sources of Maratha History: Indian Sources
1 SOURCES OF MARATHA HISTORY: INDIAN SOURCES Unit Structure : 1.0 Objectives 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Maratha Sources 1.3 Sanskrit Sources 1.4 Hindi Sources 1.5 Persian Sources 1.6 Summary 1.7 Additional Readings 1.8 Questions 1.0 OBJECTIVES After the completion of study of this unit the student will be able to:- 1. Understand the Marathi sources of the history of Marathas. 2. Explain the matter written in all Bakhars ranging from Sabhasad Bakhar to Tanjore Bakhar. 3. Know Shakavalies as a source of Maratha history. 4. Comprehend official files and diaries as source of Maratha history. 5. Understand the Sanskrit sources of the Maratha history. 6. Explain the Hindi sources of Maratha history. 7. Know the Persian sources of Maratha history. 1.1 INTRODUCTION The history of Marathas can be best studied with the help of first hand source material like Bakhars, State papers, court Histories, Chronicles and accounts of contemporary travelers, who came to India and made observations of Maharashtra during the period of Marathas. The Maratha scholars and historians had worked hard to construct the history of the land and people of Maharashtra. Among such scholars people like Kashinath Sane, Rajwade, Khare and Parasnis were well known luminaries in this field of history writing of Maratha. Kashinath Sane published a mass of original material like Bakhars, Sanads, letters and other state papers in his journal Kavyetihas Samgraha for more eleven years during the nineteenth century. There is much more them contribution of the Bharat Itihas Sanshodhan Mandal, Pune to this regard. -
Cryptoportal,Kein Grosser Schritt Für Die Menschheit
Cryptoportal „Das Cryptoportal bietet Lehrern eine Plattform, auf der sie Unterrichtsmaterialien zum Thema Informationssicherheit und Kryptologie veröffentlichen und darüber diskutieren können. Dadurch sollen gegenseitige Anregungen und Hilfen sowohl für Lehrer als auch für Lernende entstehen.“ Kein grosser Schritt für die Menschheit …aber ein großer für Burks, um mit vmware klarzukommen. Gnome läuft immer noch nicht richtig oder ich sehe es nicht (ich vermute, es gibt ein Problem mit der Grafikkarte), aber immerhin kann ich normale Ubuntu-Programme wie gedit oder auch Firefoy mittlerweile im Fenster lassen, warum auch immer. (Wenn gedit funktioniert, dann müsste doch Gnome eigentlich installiert sei?) Frage: Es wäre doch eine lustige Idee, mit vmware einen Truecrypt-Container zu erzeugen, oder? Vmware und Gnome: Cannot open display Ich habe grad Gnome für Ubuntu per Vmware installiert, komme aber nicht weiter. Gnome will nicht starten. Hat jemand eine Idee? Das hier versteh ich nicht wirklich auf Anhieb. Avatar Film Allegedly Causing Depression „I got depressed when i watch star wars. i wanted a R2D2. so what i did was plug my toaster in and talk to it, and felt better.“ (Quelle) Schutztruppen und fanatisierte mohammedanische Neger Deutsche Kulturbilder der Berliner Morgenpost November 1929 – diese „Postkarte“ ist eine Quittung der Berliner Morgenpost „über 60 Pfennig für die 48. Woche vom 14.11. bis 30.11.1929“. Nicht jeder wird wissen, in welchem historischen Zusammenhang der Begriff „Schutztruppen“ steht, den unsere mental gleichgeschalteten Medien für die alliierten Besatzertruppen – darunter die Bundeswehr – in Afghanistan benutzen. Dieses „Kulturbild“ beschäftigt sich mit Georg Schweinfurth und Gustav Nachtigal, beides so genannte „Afrika-Reisende“ bzw. -
Journey of the Rupee; Meandering Through Turbulent Times
Asian Journal of Technology & Management Research [ISSN: 2249 –0892] Vol. 05 – Issue: 02 (Jun - Dec 2015) Journey of the Rupee; Meandering Through Turbulent Times Dr. Vinita Verma Assistant Professor Amity Global Business Schools Patna, India Email: [email protected], Mob No: 9835045580 Abstract: The article traces the history of the Indian either 4 paisa or 12 pies. So one rupee was equal to 16 Rupee till date. It journeys from 6th century BC in circa to annas, 64 paisa of 192 pies. present times. The word ‘rupiya’ is derived from a Sanskrit word ‘rupyarupa’, which means a coin of silver. The concept In 1957, decimalization of rupee occurred as given in of the paper is to study how the Indian currency has the table below: witnessed a slippery journey since independence .Many geopolitical and economic developments have affected its Dates Currency System movement in the last 65 years. The paper also attempts to From 1835 1 rupee=16annas=64pice study the implications of the rupee when after independence it chose to adopt a fixed rate currency regime. In spite of (pais'e=singular,paisa)=192 major financial crises and two consequent devaluation of the pies(singular=pie) rupee happened in 1966 and in 1991.Thus, making the government to lift restrictions on its currency. A number of reforms were made on current account transactions From 1st April 1957 1 rupee=100 naye' paise' (including trade, interest payments and remittance and some capital based transactions) leading to the introduction of partial convertibility of the rupee in 1992. The paper also From 1st June 1964 1rupee=100 paise' attempts to high light how a fall in crude prices will immediately have an impact on WPI (wholesale price index) inflation which in turn will have a direct impact on fiscal However, after a few years, the initial “naye” was deficit. -
When Christopher Columbus Came Ashore in 1492, He Wrote in His Diary
When Christopher Columbus came ashore in 1492, he wrote in his diary, “This is the most beautiful land that human eyes have seen.” He would leave members of his family behind to colonize the island and would return to it after venturing throughout the Caribbean. In his will, he asked to be buried in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic. It was to this island a group of 22, mostly graduate nursing students and faculty from University of San Diego (www.sandiego.edu) , along with one dentist, would travel as a mission endeavor, to improve the health of school children of a rural school. Excitement ran high as the emails & gmails flashed back and forth, final arranges were gelling into a final plan. Were we actually going to the Caribbean? Over six months in the planning, and after 8 prior visits to La Republica Dominicana (Dominican Republic in English, indigenous Taino Indians called it Quisqueya), the trip was finally coming to fruition. It was decided that now was the time to include dental care in the overall plan to help the needy families far into the mountainous area near the international border with Haiti. Destination, El Cercado, to work at the school, Fe y Alegria (“Faith and Gladness”); the goal, examine students and their families in health screening as well as undertake a couple of research projects, one having to do with new techniques for diagnosing diabetes compared to traditional methods. But after having seen the severe need in oral disease, this was the year to begin inclusion of emergency dental care. -
View Currency List
Currency List business.westernunion.com.au CURRENCY TT OUTGOING DRAFT OUTGOING FOREIGN CHEQUE INCOMING TT INCOMING CURRENCY TT OUTGOING DRAFT OUTGOING FOREIGN CHEQUE INCOMING TT INCOMING CURRENCY TT OUTGOING DRAFT OUTGOING FOREIGN CHEQUE INCOMING TT INCOMING Africa Asia continued Middle East Algerian Dinar – DZD Laos Kip – LAK Bahrain Dinar – BHD Angola Kwanza – AOA Macau Pataca – MOP Israeli Shekel – ILS Botswana Pula – BWP Malaysian Ringgit – MYR Jordanian Dinar – JOD Burundi Franc – BIF Maldives Rufiyaa – MVR Kuwaiti Dinar – KWD Cape Verde Escudo – CVE Nepal Rupee – NPR Lebanese Pound – LBP Central African States – XOF Pakistan Rupee – PKR Omani Rial – OMR Central African States – XAF Philippine Peso – PHP Qatari Rial – QAR Comoros Franc – KMF Singapore Dollar – SGD Saudi Arabian Riyal – SAR Djibouti Franc – DJF Sri Lanka Rupee – LKR Turkish Lira – TRY Egyptian Pound – EGP Taiwanese Dollar – TWD UAE Dirham – AED Eritrea Nakfa – ERN Thai Baht – THB Yemeni Rial – YER Ethiopia Birr – ETB Uzbekistan Sum – UZS North America Gambian Dalasi – GMD Vietnamese Dong – VND Canadian Dollar – CAD Ghanian Cedi – GHS Oceania Mexican Peso – MXN Guinea Republic Franc – GNF Australian Dollar – AUD United States Dollar – USD Kenyan Shilling – KES Fiji Dollar – FJD South and Central America, The Caribbean Lesotho Malati – LSL New Zealand Dollar – NZD Argentine Peso – ARS Madagascar Ariary – MGA Papua New Guinea Kina – PGK Bahamian Dollar – BSD Malawi Kwacha – MWK Samoan Tala – WST Barbados Dollar – BBD Mauritanian Ouguiya – MRO Solomon Islands Dollar – -
Treasury Designates Iran- Based Financial Facilitators of Malicious
An official website of the United States Government U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY SECRETARY MNUCHIN ABOUT TREASURY POLICY ISSUES DATA SERVICES NEWS SEARCH HOME NEWS PRESS RELEASES NEWS PRESS RELEASES LATEST NEWS Press Treasury December 7, 2018 Releases OFAC Extends Designates Iran- Expiration Date of Statements General Licenses & Related to EN+, Remarks Based Financial RUSAL, and GAZ Facilitators of Readouts December 4, 2018 Postal Task Force Testimonies Malicious Cyber Activity and for Releases Report Featured Stories the First Time December 3, 2018 Remarks by Craig Press Identifies Phillips, Counselor to Contacts the Secretary, on Associated Digital Market Structure Report to President Currency Trump on Reforming America’s Healthcare System Through Addresses Choice and Competition Under Secretary Sigal November 28, 2018 Mandelker Remarks ABA/ABA Financial Crimes Enforcement WASHINGTON – The U.S. Department of the Conference December Treasury’s O!ice of Foreign Assets Control 3, 2018 (OFAC) took action today against two Iran- based individuals, Ali Khorashadizadeh and Mohammad Ghorbaniyan, who helped exchange digital currency (bitcoin) ransom payments into Iranian rial on behalf of Iranian malicious cyber actors involved with the SamSam ransomware scheme that targeted over 200 known victims. Also today, OFAC identified two digital currency addresses associated with these two financial facilitators. Over 7,000 transactions in bitcoin, worth millions of U.S. dollars, have processed through these two addresses - some of which involved SamSam ransomware derived bitcoin. In a related action, the U.S. Department of Justice today indicted two Iranian criminal actors for infecting numerous data networks with SamSam ransomware in the United States, United Kingdom, and Canada since 2015. -
A Monetary History of the Former German Colony of Kiaochou
A MONETARY HISTORY OF THE FORMER GERMAN COLONY OF KIAOCHOU John E. Sandrock After China’s crushing defeat by Great Britain and France in the two Opium Wars (1839-1842 and 1856-1858), the Ch’ing dynasty fell into great decline. After both of these events, the Manchu government was forced to sue for peace – the price of which proved to be very dear indeed. Great Britain and France, sensing the total collapse of civil rule in China, placed exorbitant demands upon China in the form of repatriations as laid down in the Treaty of Nanking. These took two distinct forms; the demand for monetary indemnity in silver for expenditures incurred in the war, and for the outright concession of Chinese territory. The Chinese eventually handed over twenty-one million ounces of silver to satisfy the former, and the island of Hong Kong to satisfy the latter. Thus the British territory of Hong Kong was created. This act proved the forerunner of additional demands for territorial concessions on the part of the European powers and Japan, who then proceeded to carve China up into various spheres of influence for commercial exploitation. French territorial ambitions centered upon south China. The British, in addition to their trading port of Hong Kong, sought the right to open additional Yangtze River ports to trade. Russia had ambitions for territorial expansion in the north, where she craved a warm water Russian port on the Liaotung peninsula as well as land in Manchuria. The Japanese, seizing upon the opportunity, laid claim to Korea and the offshore island of Taiwan, which was then renamed Formosa. -
117397-BRI-PK-Easypaisa-Pakistan-Series-IFC-Mobile-Money-Toolkit-PUBLIC.Pdf
IN PARTNERSHIP WITH GENDER AND DIGITAL FINANCIAL SERVICES Public Disclosure Authorized CAMPING WITH OUR CUSTOMERS The Service EasyPaisa1 of Pakistan uses 75,000 agents and 6,000 plus 1-link enabled ATMs to facilitate 1.2 million Benazir Income Support Payments (BISP) to poor women every quarter. Utilizing an KEY FIGURES Public Disclosure Authorized innovative co-location tent for each client servicing, EasyPaisa has watched these women develop their financial literacy and share this learning in the community. 1.2 million transactions every quarter Innovations 75,000 agent locations The BISP recipients are not likely to own mobile phones. EasyPaisa and BISP opted for a debit card solution. These accounts can be transitioned to mobile phones when ownership and usage rates 75 percent of recipients increase. from the poorest 40 percent of the population To service these customers, BISP and EasyPaisa have set up 31 “campsites” strategically located approximately 5 kilometers from Public Disclosure Authorized All 1.2 million recipients any client’s home. These tents have BISP staff members to verify have a bank account, a eligibility. EasyPaisa personnel in turn issue and train customers in debit card, and are fully how to use the debit cards, making them a one-stop tent for customers. trained to use agents These service tents also manage lost cards or PINs, re-training and and ATMs queries about payments. 31 Co-location Service Adaptations campsites created EasyPaisa needed to ensure the cash-out points were ready for 1.2 million transactions of 5 billion Pakistani Rupee (PKR) (approximately US$47 million) per quarter through retailers and ATMs. -
Exchange Rate Statistics
Exchange rate statistics Updated issue Statistical Series Deutsche Bundesbank Exchange rate statistics 2 This Statistical Series is released once a month and pub- Deutsche Bundesbank lished on the basis of Section 18 of the Bundesbank Act Wilhelm-Epstein-Straße 14 (Gesetz über die Deutsche Bundesbank). 60431 Frankfurt am Main Germany To be informed when new issues of this Statistical Series are published, subscribe to the newsletter at: Postfach 10 06 02 www.bundesbank.de/statistik-newsletter_en 60006 Frankfurt am Main Germany Compared with the regular issue, which you may subscribe to as a newsletter, this issue contains data, which have Tel.: +49 (0)69 9566 3512 been updated in the meantime. Email: www.bundesbank.de/contact Up-to-date information and time series are also available Information pursuant to Section 5 of the German Tele- online at: media Act (Telemediengesetz) can be found at: www.bundesbank.de/content/821976 www.bundesbank.de/imprint www.bundesbank.de/timeseries Reproduction permitted only if source is stated. Further statistics compiled by the Deutsche Bundesbank can also be accessed at the Bundesbank web pages. ISSN 2699–9188 A publication schedule for selected statistics can be viewed Please consult the relevant table for the date of the last on the following page: update. www.bundesbank.de/statisticalcalender Deutsche Bundesbank Exchange rate statistics 3 Contents I. Euro area and exchange rate stability convergence criterion 1. Euro area countries and irrevoc able euro conversion rates in the third stage of Economic and Monetary Union .................................................................. 7 2. Central rates and intervention rates in Exchange Rate Mechanism II ............................... 7 II.