DOCSLIB.ORG

An Archaeological Survey of the Land Approach to Mount Independence, 1776-1777 Orwell, Addison County, Vermont

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
An Archaeological Survey of the Land Approach to Mount Independence, 1776-1777 Orwell, Addison County, Vermont An Archaeological Survey of the Land Approach to Mount Independence, 1776-1777 Orwell, Addison County, Vermont by Ronald F. Kingsley Abstract evidence, make recommendations for preservation, and establish a record which will be available for use by future Documents concerned with the American occupation of researchers. Ticonderoga during 1776-1777 indicate that American leaders held high expectations for a natural defensive posi- Setting tion on a high bluff, directly across Lake Champlain from the fort at Ticonderoga. The Americans constructed a for- No history of the Lake Champlain Basin during the tified post and named it Mount Independence. On the flat American Revolution would be complete without the neck of land below the Mount the Rebels cut a crude mili- recognition of the events that occurred more than two cen- tary road. When completed, it would connect with the turies ago on a small peninsula. The basic geographic fea- Great Road which was constructed from Crown Point to tures still appear, as they probably did in 1776, as a tower- Fort Number Four on the Connecticut River. During 1777 ing mass of rock arising from the Lake and covered by this primitive military road and the land surrounding the brush, cliffs, and trees. A low and narrow strip of land, base of the Mount would become the location of unfolding three miles long and over a half-mile wide, extends south- events in the history of Mount Independence during the east from the bluff into what was then described as an American Revolution. "inaccessible wood". Dominating the west side of the lake across from the penin- Preface sula was the great fortress of Ticonderoga. Prior to the European presence, Native Americans had long benefited Since the summer of 1987 an archaeological survey pro- from the rich resources of the Mount. Outcroppings of ject, The German Auxiliaries in the Burgoyne Campaign of black flint provided raw material for making stone tools, 1777, has been in progress. The survey involves a half- to while the natural environment offered ample resources for a mile-wide strip of land parallel to Lake Champlain, and food and shelter. extending along seven miles of the Lake and the East Creek shoreline in Addison County. The purpose of the research In 1776 the peninsula was recognized by General Philip project is to document and interpret the activities of the Schuyler, then commander at Ticonderoga, and other key hired German auxiliaries who engaged the Americans military leaders as a strategic position for the Americans to around the Mount in July 1777. The German Auxiliaries occupy. The location was considered as a valuable defen- Project (GAP) is an unfunded, independent study, conduct- sive position when considered together with the existing ed in collaboration with the Vermont Division for Historic fort at Ticonderoga.When the two positions were linked Preservation and Fort Ticonderoga. The findings from the in a defensive manner, they could block British ships from study are in the process of being interpreted and dissemi- advancing south on the lake toward the Hudson River nated in reports, articles, and public presentations portage routes. The additional position on the east side of (Kingsley 1987-1996, n.d., 1996). the Lake could provide protection for those persons living in the nearby New Hampshire Grants. The promontory This article addresses in particular the findings of the was named Mount Independence by the Americans. The archaeological survey conducted on a portion of the total natural features made the Mount an excellent location for a project area, namely on the land approach south of Mount fortification. On the eastern side of the Mount was East Independence.The intent of this report is to summarize the Creek, the marshes and deep channel of which would even- 57 The Journal of Vermont Archaeology tually become a major obstacle for a rapid encirclement by (Vermont) side.By July 2 the Germans had reached East the German auxiliaries in July 1777. Creek and were seeking a crossing point upstream for their military road so as to avoid the marsh and deep channel. The construction of works on and around the promontory On July 3 General Riedesel sent Captain Heinrich Gerlach was accomplished under the direction of the American and a hundred men to reconnoitre the narrow neck of land engineer Co!. Jeduthan Baldwin.Among the works were: south of the Mount and to find a road by which to attack buildings; earthworks; cabins; shops; barracks; lookout from the rear. Recently Captain Gerlach's report was dis- posts; and a mile-long road from the low landing on the covered, identified, translated by Lion Miles, and edited by north to the plateau on the top.In addition, three outer Helga Doblin (Gerlach 1777;Miles 1994; Doblin 1996). works were built: a narrow floating bridge which connect- Unfortunately, there is no map to accompany his undated ed the forts and also could serve as a barrier: a chain-and- report. boom barrier across the Lake north of the forts; and pilings across the opening of East Creek which would interfere with the passage of vessels and men up the creek (Furcron To General Riedesel 1954:230-248; Baldwin 1906:107). Numerous trees were in (the) British Camp cut from the Mount and the surrounding land below for construction and fuel. Your Excellency, A second major engineering task was undertaken by the I am looking over the area as far as I have been able to get Rebels. They established a connection to outside resources till now. Before daybreak I departed from the front of the by constructing a primitive road from the Mount into the bridge with Captain Sherwood and 20 men, and marched New England countryside. The road would serve as a route further on the road behind the house of Huntor at the for supplies and troops from both the New Hampshire woods to B. From A to B is 45 minutes. From B to C is 1 Grants and regions in the south; the road could also serve hour 4 minutes. Between Band C we met 4 men who were as an escape route, if necessary. Lieut. Co!. John Barrett, walking with guns on the road X and C with muskets, but of the Cumberland County militia and an engineer, was going to Bennington. At Point Q, however, several were ordered by General Horatio Gates to cut a military road stopping whereupon we had to keep ourselves in hiding southeasterly. The road was to be constructed along the here until the guide finally returned through the woods narrow neck from the Mount and then south to Hubbardton, with me and we chose the area at * for our stay until night Castleton, and on to Center Rutland where eventually it when I shall go with the guide and Capt. Sherwood to Point would join with the existing Crown Point Road (Crown P. Thus I shall see everything tomorrow morning so that I Point Road Association 1955; Charlton 1931; Churchill shall have completed my mission satisfactorily. Up till now 1967:8; Wheeler and Wheeler 1968:194-195). I have found on this tour that the region from A-B. to X is impracticable for cannons and wagons because of the During the winter of 1776-1777 the Americans experi- marshes. The hills could be passable, but the bogs are enced great suffering and loss of life. The Mount would closely connected with each other. become a vast cemetery for many hundreds who died from freezing, injury, and disease. Throughout the winter and I am remain with all respect spring the Americans continued work on establishing a strong defensive position in anticipation of a British offen- Your Excellency's sive. In the late spring of 1777 General John Burgoyne left most submissive servant Canada with 3,724 British troops, supported by 3,016 hired HDGerlach German auxiliaries under the leadership of General Friedrich von Riedesel, around 250 Provincials and This is dispathed at 12:30. Canadian volunteers, and 400 Native Americans (Burgoyne 1780: 12). On July 5 General Riedesel had his men stationed again on By July 1, 1777, Burgoyne's army was landing at a point the Rebel's road along the neck of land south of the Mount, three miles north of Ticonderoga. The British disembarked but as evening approached Riedesel withdrew them (Hubbs on the west (New York State) side of the Lake, while the 1978). During the early morning hours of July 6, the Braunschweig troops and a small contingent of artillery Americans retreated by water south on Lake Champlain to and infantry from Hesse-Hanau landed on the east Skeensborough and by land along the Hubbardton-Mount 58 Survey of the Land Approach to Mount Independence Figure 1. A section of the map, PLAN of Carillon or Ticonderoga which Was quitted by the Americans on the night from the 5th to the 6th of July 1777. Anonymous. Courtesy of the National Archives of Canada. Independence military road. The British took possession work of wood and stone and an abatis, and (u) the road to of the forts, leaving the 62nd British Regiment and the Hubbardton with a little bridge and the abatis. Prinz Friedrich Regiment to occupy the forts. The British and Germans continued to pursue the retreating Americans On September 18, 1777, the Americans under Colonel John by land and water. Brown and Colonel Thomas Johnson made an attempt to recapture the Mount and Ticonderoga. When Johnson's Over July and into September the British-German garrison, troops were engaged in probing the Mount's defenses, they occupying the Mount and Ticonderoga, made some modi- were met with constant fire from the defenders on the fications to the former American fortified encampment.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Weathersfield Amended Munici
    CHARTERED BY Town CHARTERED BY NEW HAMPSHIRE NEW YORK AUGUST 20, 1761 of APRIL 8, 1772 Weathersfield, Vermont Website: http://www.weathersfield.org Town Plan Adopted July 15th, 2004 Amended September 15th, 2005 TOWN OF WEATHERSFIELD, VERMONT TOWN PLAN Proposed Amendments Weathersfield Planning Commission Stephen A. Walasewicz, Chairperson Rene Bergeron Peter M. Daniels Julie A. Levy Steven J. Melanson Weathersfield Conservation Commission Marianne E. Walsh, Chairperson Annmarie J. Christensen Diana L. Day Christopher Harris Robert A. LaCasse Nathan G. McKeen Anna B. Sykas Weathersfield Select Board C. Peter Cole, Chair Henry C. Cobb, Jr., Vice-Chairperson Norman John Arrison, Board Clerk Daniel E. Boyer Patricia W. Daniels http://www.weathersfield.org Thanks to the Southern Windsor County Regional Planning Commission, Weathersfield Conservation Commission, and community members for their work on this plan. e Adopted July 15th, 2004 Amended September 15th, 2005 TOWN OF WEATHERSFIELD, VERMONT TOWN PLAN Table of Contents Acknowledgments Inside Front Cover Introduction ............................................................................... 1 Historical Background ....................................................... 1 Why and How a Town Plan is Used ..................................... 3 What is in a Town Plan? .................................................... 5 Goals and Objectives .......................................................... 8 Implementation Procedures ................................................ 9 Relationship
    [Show full text]
  • Folklore of Springfield Vermont
    nn.,^'r.'=^"''CH LIBRARIES 3 3433 07954360 3 FOI.KLORE SPRINGFIELD VERMONT :.«OWN l>>CilNT rx.OCK HO'./SC hij iM. Eva Baker ^1 ^t u.-^^:,".^ Folklore of Springfield iPnlklor? nf ^prmgftiHh mm By MARY EVA BAKER 4. ti Illusirated by Russell W. Porter and Horace S. Brown Springfield, Vermont 1922 THE NC"/ VG-^K PUBLIC lib..a:^y 427259 A ASrOR, LENOX AND TILDEN FOUXDATIONS R 1929 L Copyright, 1922 by M. E. Baker ^ , Publishers Th^ Altrurian Club of Springfield. Vt. Printers Springfield printing Corp.. Springfielc TO THE General Lewis Morris Chapter, Daughters of the American Revolution, Descendants of those Heroes Whose Fortitude and Patriotism is Unparalleled in History AND TO The Altrurian Club, That so Loyally Serves Its Motto, ".Vo/ for Ourselves, but for Others." These Pages are Dedicated "Thy Hork. faithful daughters, is noble as wise, ''The soul with its love is aglow; "A nation uill hail thee! thine own hearts approve, '\ind thy deeds through the centuries go.'' Credit is due the Misses Grace and Alice Wheeler, Mrs. Mary Toivnsend Bow- en, Miss Edna I. Lockwood, Clarence E. Morse, H. G. Tapper and E. W. Barnard for some of the incidents found in this book; also Mr. and Mrs. Everett Eaton for help in tracing certain subjects. Contents PAGE NO. I. Making a Wilderness Into a Township 1 II. How a Swamp Became the Village Square 7 III. The Common and Incidents Connected With It ... 17 IV. Old Bridges 24 V. The Romance of the Trees 32 VI. Old Weathervanes and Old Bells 39 VII. Revolutionary Heroes 43 VIII.
    [Show full text]
  • Lake Champlain Voyages of Discovery: Bringing History Home
    “The Congress fi nds and declares that the spirit and direction of the Nation are founded upon and refl ected in its historic heritage; [and that] the historical and cultural foundations of the Nation should be preserved as a living part of our community life and development in order to give a sense of orientation to the American people…..” National Historic Preservation Act of 1966. Front cover photograph: South Lake Champlain Bridge, Chimney Point State Historic Site, Addison to right. Credit: William J. Costello, WILLCIMAGES. Back cover photographs credit: Eric A. Bessett e, Shadows & Light Design. Cover design: Eric A. Bessett e, Shadows & Light Design. Content Design and Layout: Rosemary A. Cyr, Hutch M. McPheters, Ellen R. Cowie. Lake Champlain Voyages of Discovery: Bringing History Home By: Giovanna M. Peebles, State Archeologist, Vermont Division for Historic Preservation Elsa Gilbertson, Regional Historic Site Administrator, Vermont Division for Historic Preservation Rosemary A. Cyr, Laboratory Director, Archaeology Research Center, University of Maine at Farmington Stephen R. Scharoun, Historian and Field Director, Archaeology Research Center, University of Maine at Farmington Ellen R. Cowie, Director, Archaeology Research Center, University of Maine at Farmington Robert N. Bartone, Assistant Director, Archaeology Research Center, University of Maine at Farmington With Contributions By: Joseph-André Senécal, Professor of Romance Languages, University of Vermont Paul Huey, New York State Offi ce of Parks, Recreation and Historic
    [Show full text]
  • In Search of the Eighteenth Century Rowley Road, Shoreham Township, Addison County, Vermont
    In Search of the Eighteenth Century Rowley Road, Shoreham Township, Addison County, Vermont by Ronald F. Kingsley and James Rowe, Jr. Introduction the general public as having served a central role as a waterway for hunters, traders, farmers, and military personnel during the formative period of the development ofthe United Roads today cover the surface of our land in a complex States and Canada (National Park Service 1999). The shoreline branching pattern. They are a necessary convenience and serve and eventually the inner regions became the location of many to connect people and places. Finding traces of early roads fortifications, farms, trading posts, and early roads during the made through the wilderness after nearly two and a half eighteenth century when a territorial struggle existed between centuries and determining their significance in history are France and Britain. Many of these sites are yet to be located, complex and challenging tasks. For more than 50 years documented and studied. Vermonters and historians have taken an active role in Since 1986 the principal investigator and several Vermont searching for traces of Vermont's first road, the 1759 Crown volunteers have been involved in documenting historic sites Point Military Road. Today the Crown Point Road Association along the Lake Champlain's shoreline.In addition to locating offers tours and programs to the public. In the past the and documenting evidence of the participation ofthe German Daughters of the American Revolution (D.A.R.) had generously contributed funds to place markers along the route auxiliaries in the Burgoyne Campaign of 1777, the project to recognize, document, and preserve this achievement (Vara team has also searched for evidence of settlement during the eighteenth century.
    [Show full text]
  • MAJOR HILKIAH GROUT of WEATHERSFIELD, VERMONT by HELEN B
    MAJOR HILKIAH GROUT OF WEATHERSFIELD, VERMONT By HELEN B. OsGooo AJOR HILKIAH Grout1 of Weathersfield, Vermont, who was born M July 23, 1728, in Lunenburg, Massachusetts,2 was a fourth generation grandson of Richard Groutt of Walton, County Derby, England, who, on May 28, 1586, in the twenty-ninth year of the reign of Queen Elizabeth was knighted and given the title of Sir Richard Grout Esq., and was certified to be a descendant of an ancient and honorable family of that name in the west of England. 3 Captain John Grout of Watertown and Sudbury 1640, and William Grout of Charlestown, Massachusetts 166 5, were the sons of Sir Richard Grout above referred to.4 A tradition has descended, with a copy of his will, that a father by the name of Grout, with two sons, fled to this country from Cornwall upon the breaking out of the plague epidemic, and died soon after, leaving two sons in their minority with claims to an estate in England which was never prose­ cuted. From this it has been calculated that they came at seventeen or eighteen years of age. When and where these orphans completed their minority is not certain, but when John was 68 years of age he testified, under oath, before Governor Simon Bradstreet, that he had been closely associated with Governor Winthrop, and his deposition at that time, attentively considered, renders it possible that John might have been taken into the family of Governor Winthrop, where he attracted attention and secured the confidence of the Governor and his family.
    [Show full text]
  • Vermont Windsor Historic Crown Point Road
    Form 10-306 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR (Oct. 1972) NATIONAL PARK SERVICE VERMONT NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES WINDSOR INVENTORY - NOMINATION FORM FOR NPS USE ONLY FOR FEDERAL PROPERTIES ENTRY DATE (Type all entries - complete applicable sections) COMMON: HISTORIC CROWN POINT ROAD AND/OR HISTORIC: INDIAN ROAD STREET AND NUMBER: 3 / CITY OR TOWN: CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT: WEATHERSFIELD STATE: COUNTY: VERMONT WINDSOR CATEGORY ACCESSIBLE OWNERSHIP STATUS (Check One) TO THE PUBLIC I | District [~~1 Building C] Public Public Acquisition: I | Occupied Yes: | | Structure [~| Private Q In Process K~l Unoccupied Restricted Object (~~1 Being Considered [~| Preservation work nrestricted in progress U PRESENT USE (Check One or More as Appropriate) 3 I | Agricultural Q~] Government CH Park Transportation | | Comments Qi | | Commercial | | Industrial I- Q Private Residence ———IGOther C5peci/yJ TRAIL co Q Educational | | Military I I Religious •7L Q Entertainment |_J Museum Scientific Ul UJ REGIONAL HEADQUARTERS: (If applicable) U.S." ARMY - CORPS OF ENGINEERS CITY OR TOWN: COURTHOUSE, REGISTRY OF DEEDS. ETC: WEATHERSFIELD TOWN OFFICE STREET AND NUMBER: CITY OR TOWN: EERKBISVILLE i-ffi&ggj^iJikS^a ai&ii5&; xzm?. TITLE OF SURVEY: DATE OF SURVEY: Federal Q State DEPOSITORY FOR SURVEY RECORDS: CITY OR TOWN: (Check One) | | Excellent | | Good |X] Fair | | Deteriorated | | Ruins | | Unexposed CONDITION (Check One) (ChecJc OneJ X~1 Altered Q Unaltered c] Moved |~% Original Site DESCRIBE THE PRESENT AND ORIGINAL (if known) PHYSICAL APPEARANCE One hiker*s description of typical sections of the present Crown Point Road which winds through the Vermont countryside between the Connecticut River from Fort No. k to the North Springfield Lake Flood Control Reservoir is as follows: One half mile north of the Cheshire Toll Bridge is a tablet set in stone marking the site of the ferry and block house* This is where the Crown Point Road crosses the Connecticut River from Fort No.
    [Show full text]
  • Town of Weathersfield, Vermont Notice of Public Hearing Pursuant to the Provisions of Title 24, Section 4385, of the Vermont
    Town of Weathersfield, Vermont Notice of Public Hearing Pursuant to the provisions of Title 24, Section 4385, of the Vermont Statutes Annotated, the Select Board will hold the first of two public hearings on Tuesday, August 19, 2014, at 7:00pm, in the Martin Memorial Hall in Ascutney to consider re-adopting two chapters in the Town of Weathersfield Town Plan. The second public hearing will be held on Monday, September 15, 2014, at 7:00pm, in the West Weathersfield Fire Station in Perkinsville. Copies of the Town Plan -- Economic Development Chapter and the Town Plan -- Utilities and Facilities Chapter are available for public review. The chapters with their accompanying reports can be viewed at the Town of Weathersfield’s website. Interested persons may also request a print or digital copy by emailing the Zoning Administrator at [email protected]. Persons wishing to comment on the Plan may do so in writing to the Select Board prior to the meeting or by appearing in person. Dated at Town of Weathersfield, Windsor County, State of Vermont, this 22nd day of July, 2014 N. John Arrison, Chairperson ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT draft approved by the Weathersfield Planning Commission The Town of Weathersfield seeks new economic development for the purposes of · serving local residents, · encouraging local food production · providing local employment and · helping to broaden the tax base PRESENT ECONOMIC CONDITIONS Historically agriculture and mills were the basis of Weathersfield’s local economy. As a small rural town today, Weathersfield relies significantly on jobs located in other towns. Local economic activities currently include home occupations, small stores, restaurants, contractors, gasoline/service stations, professional offices, offices, campgrounds, forestry, small scale agriculture, town government, and the Weathersfield School.
    [Show full text]
  • Research Files Index
    172d Infantry Regiment Archeology in VT Abenaki Nation Architecture Abercrombie Expedition Argyle, NY. Academies Aristocracy; see Hudson Valley Act 250 Arlington, VT. Adams Company, Enos Arlington artists Adams, MA. Armstrong, Jane B. Adams, Pat Arnold, Benedict Addison County, VT Arthur, Chester A. Adirondacks Articles of Confederation. Adjutant General's List, 1867 Asbestos Adler, Irving Atkinson, Theodore M.T. Aiken, U. S. Senator George D. Atlantic Canada Airports, Vermont Austen House, Alice Albany County, NY Austerlitz, NY Alburg, VT. Austin, Warren Robinson Aldrichville, VT Aviation Allen, Richard Sanders Averill Lakes, VT Almanacs Ayres, Col. H. Fairfax Amenia, NY American Fascist American Revolution Amish in Vermont Bailey, Consuelo Northrop Anthony, Susan B. Baker, Mary A. Anti-Semitism in Vermont Baker, Nicholson Appleman, Jack Baker, Remember Apsey, Rev. William Stokes Balloon Voyage, 1860 Band, American Legion Bennett, Charles G. Banks in Bennington Bennington 2010 Project (1987) Banner, Bennington Bennington Battlefield Barber, Noel Bennington Battle Monument. Barber, Norton Bennington buildings misc. Barns, historic Bennington Bypass. Baro, Gene Bennington Cemeteries Barre, Vermont Bennington Club Barret, Richard Carter Bennington College Baseball Bennington County Progress Report 1998 Basin Harbor Club Bennington County Regional Plan, 1976 Bates, Archibald Bennington County Bates, Judge Edward L. Bennington Declaration for Freedom, May 1775 Battell, Joseph Bennington Historical Pageant of 1911 Battle of Bennington, eyewitness
    [Show full text]
  • About Vermont History
    MORE ABOUT VERMONT HISTORY ........................................................ Recent Additions to the Vermont Historical Society Library BOOKS Abajian, Paul G., Vermont Postal History: The Machine Cancels of the Green Mountain State, 1897–1940. Essex Junction, Vt.: Vermont Philatelic Society, 2001. 193 p. Source: The publisher, P.O. Box 475, Essex Junction, VT 05453. List: $22.00 (paper). Anderson, Arlene, Corella Gray, Jean Knight, and Olney Gilmore, Journey of Faith 1860-2000: The Second Congregational Church United Church of Christ, Hyde Park, Vermont. Publisher un- known, 2000. 45 p. Source: The publisher. List: unknown (paper). Bain, David H., ed., A History of the Town of Orwell, Vermont: Dedi- cated to All Citizens Past & Present. Orwell, Vt.: Orwell Historical Society, 2001. 246 p. Source: The publisher, 73 Conkey Road, Or- well, VT 05760. List: Unknown. *Belding, Patricia W., Talk of the Town, 1925: Highlights from Vermont’s Popular Column in the Barre Daily Times. Barre,Vt.: Potash Brook Publishing, 2001. 138 p. List: $13.00 (paper). Bellamy, Christopher, The Capitol Complex: Change, Loss, and Renewal, a 1999 Report to the Curator of State Buildings. Montpelier, Vt.: Vermont Historical Society, 2002. 62 p. Source: Limited edition. *Bellico, Russell P., Sails and Steam in the Mountains: A Maritime and Military History of Lake George and Lake Champlain. Fleisch- manns, N.Y.: Purple Mountain Press, 2001. 394 p. List: $29.00 (paper). Revised edition of book originally published in 1992. *Benedict, G. G., edited by Eric Ward, Army Life in Virginia: The Civil War Letters of George G. Benedict. Mechanicsburg, PA: Stack- pole Books, 2002. 246 p. List: $26.95.
    [Show full text]
  • Colonial Saratoga War and Peace on the Borderlands of Early America
    National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Northeast Region History Program COLONIAL SARATOGA WAR AND PEACE ON THE BORDERLANDS OF EARLY AMERICA DAVID L. PRESTON HISTORIC RESOURCE STUDY PRESENTED TO SARATOGA NATIONAL HISTORICAL PARK IN PARTNERSHIP WITH THE ORGANIZATION OF AMERICAN HISTORIANS/ NATIONAL PARK SERVICE COLONIAL SARATOGA WAR AND PEACE ON THE BORDERLANDS OF EARLY AMERICA HISTORIC RESOURCE STUDY DAVID L. PRESTON PROFESSOR OF HISTORY THE CITADEL PRESENTED TO SARATOGA NATIONAL HISTORICAL PARK IN PARTNERSHIP WITH THE ORGANIZATION OF AMERICAN HISTORIANS/NATIONAL PARK SERVICE NATIONAL PARK SERVICE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 2018 COLONIAL SARA TOGA: War and Peace on theBorderlands of Early America HISTORIC RESOURCE STUDY David L. Preston U.S. Departmentof the Interior NationalP ark Service/ In Partnershipwith the Organizationo f American Historians NortheastRegion History Program September2018 Recommended: Cover image: “Hudson River from Albany to Fort Edward, shewing the situation of the several Posts between those places, 1757,” Huntington Library, HM 15409. Huntington Library permission/no known restrictions: https://www.huntington.org/library-rights-permissions 3/26/2019 Disclaimer: The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of this author and should not be interpreted as representing the opinions or policies of the U.S. Government. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute their endorsement by the U.S. Government. Shaun Eyring Date Chief, Cultural Resources NortheastRegion
    [Show full text]
  • ARCHEOLOGICAL RESOURCE and HISTORIC PRESERVATION ASSESSMENT Proctor Bicycle and Pedestrian Scoping Study
    ARCHEOLOGICAL RESOURCE AND HISTORIC PRESERVATION ASSESSMENT Proctor Bicycle and Pedestrian Scoping Study Town of Proctor Rutland County, Vermont HAA # 4885-11 Submitted to: Dufresne Group Consulting Engineers 1996 Depot Road Manchester Center, Vermont 05255 Prepared by: Hartgen Archeological Associates, Inc. P.O. Box 81 Putney, VT 05346 p +1 802 387 6020 f +1 802 387 8524 e [email protected] www.hartgen.com An ACRA Member Firm www.acra-crm.org May 2016 Proctor Bicycle and Pedestrian Scoping Study, Town of Proctor, Rutland County, Vermont Archeological Resource and Historic Preservation Assessment MANAGEMENT SUMMARY SHPO Project Review Number: Involved State and Federal Agencies: Vermont Agency of Transportation Phase of Survey: Archeological Resource and Historic Preservation Assessment LOCATION INFORMATION Municipality: Town of Proctor County: Rutland County, Vermont SURVEY AREA Length: combined alternatives, 15,216 feet/4,638 meters Width: assumed 20 foot/6 meter APE Acres: 7.0 acres/2.83 hectares RESULTS OF RESEARCH Archeological sites within one mile: 1 Surveys in or adjacent: 2 NR/NRE sites in or adjacent: 28 Precontact Sensitivity: moderate to high Historic Sensitivity: moderate to high RECOMMENDATIONS The APE for the project has been defined by project designers to include approximately 2.88 miles (4.6 km) of alignments. In two locations there are alternative alignments remaining in consideration: three possibilities within the Village Green and two possibilities between North Street and Beaver Pond Road. Some general principals can be outlined. The archeological potential of the entire APE is moderate. Areas outside of existing disturbance should be considered to have archeological potential. In particular, lawn areas between existing sidewalks and historic structures may retain significant archeological deposits.
    [Show full text]
  • National Park Service \Cl • J NATIONAL REGISTER OF
    NFS Form 10-900 OMB No. 10024-0018 (Rev. 10-90) T i---' •' ' : ; United States Department of the Interior ; .;. \ National Park Service \Cl • j NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES > \ JAM '3 $ '• 1 i REGISTRATION FORM , < \ This form is for use in nominating or requesting determinations for iiidividual'ptq^rfies.aii^.districts. See instructions in How to Complete the National Register of Historic Places Registration Fo^AW.-^ati^nal^^egrsCep Bulletin 16A). Complete each item by marking "x" in the appropriate box or by entejing^theJiijCoiTnation requested. Tf any item does not apply to the property being documented, enter "N/A" for "not applicable." For functions, architectural classification, materials, and areas of significance, enter only categories and subcategories from the instructions. Place additional entries and narrative items on continuation sheets (NPS Form 10-900a). Use a typewriter, word processor, or computer, to complete all items. 1 . Name of Property historic name Atherton Farmstead other names/site number n/a 2. Location street & number 3 1 Greenbush Road not for publication n/a city or town Cavendish vicinity n/a state Vermont code VT county Windsor code 027 zip code 05142 3. State/Federal Agency Certification As the designated authority under the National Historic Preservation Act, as amended, I hereby certify that this K nomination __ request for determination of eligibility meets the documentation standards for registering properties in the National Register of Historic Places and meets the procedural and professional requirements set forth in 36 CFR Part 60. In my opinion, the property X meets __ does not meet the National Register Criteria.
    [Show full text]