“The Congress fi nds and declares that the spirit and direction of the Nation are founded upon and refl ected in its historic heritage; [and that] the historical and cultural foundations of the Nation should be preserved as a living part of our community life and development in order to give a sense of orientation to the American people…..” National Historic Preservation Act of 1966. Front cover photograph: South Lake Champlain Bridge, Chimney Point State Historic Site, Addison to right. Credit: William J. Costello, WILLCIMAGES. Back cover photographs credit: Eric A. Bessett e, Shadows & Light Design. Cover design: Eric A. Bessett e, Shadows & Light Design. Content Design and Layout: Rosemary A. Cyr, Hutch M. McPheters, Ellen R. Cowie. Lake Champlain Voyages of Discovery: Bringing History Home By: Giovanna M. Peebles, State Archeologist, Vermont Division for Historic Preservation Elsa Gilbertson, Regional Historic Site Administrator, Vermont Division for Historic Preservation Rosemary A. Cyr, Laboratory Director, Archaeology Research Center, University of Maine at Farmington Stephen R. Scharoun, Historian and Field Director, Archaeology Research Center, University of Maine at Farmington Ellen R. Cowie, Director, Archaeology Research Center, University of Maine at Farmington Robert N. Bartone, Assistant Director, Archaeology Research Center, University of Maine at Farmington With Contributions By: Joseph-André Senécal, Professor of Romance Languages, University of Vermont Paul Huey, New York State Offi ce of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation Frances Stewart, Dept. of Archaeology and Classical Studies, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Ontario John G. Crock, Director, University of Vermont Consulting Archaeology Program State of Vermont Agency of Commerce and Community Development VT Division for Historic Preservation Montpelier, Vermont © 2009 Visit the Voyages of Discovery web site at: voyages.vermont.gov Acknowledgments enthusiastically agreeing to the fi eld school in the Daughters of the American Revolution (DAR) State Park in Addison and for This project, Lake Champlain Voyages of Discovery: Bringing their generous hospitality. Over the course of three weeks, more History Home, would never have happened without generous than 100 volunteers, from ages 7 to over 70, worked for an hour, a funding from the Institute of Museum and Library Services few hours, a day, or even a week or more alongside University of (IMLS) Partnership for a Nation of Learners grant program. Maine at Farmington Archaeology Research Center professional We are indebted to the IMLS. The project’s key partners and archaeologists to reveal the unwritt en shoreline history at the lead staff are responsible for the program’s success: from the DAR State Park. Many volunteers generously contributed their Vermont Division for Historic Preservation and the Chimney physical labor and enthusiasm, and several off ered additional Point State Historic Site (Elsa Gilbertson, Regional Historic Site historic information and insights into the archaeological record. Administrator, Giovanna Peebles, State Archaeologist and John Thank you to each and every one of our magnifi cent volunteers. Dumville, Historic Sites Operations Chief); the University of We especially thank those volunteers who returned day aft er day Maine at Farmington Archaeology Research Center (Ellen Cowie, to work for the sheer joy of gett ing dirty, of “doing” archaeology Director); Vermont Public Television (Enzo di Maio, Producer); and of collaborating with a great group of people in the study of Broadwing Productions (Caro Thompson, Filmmaker); and history: Scott Anton and family, Megan Batt ey, Matt eo Klinguely, Bixby Memorial Free Library (Rachel Plant, Director). Bill Rath, Carol Roberts, Frank Schlamp, and Bob Van Arsdell. Additional funding sources made the diff erence between Photographer Will Costello gave generously of his time and staying the course or going to the next level of accomplishment. We energy to document every day of the fi eld project. sincerely thank the University of Maine at Farmington, the Lake Fift een terrifi c teachers joined the Voyages archaeology project Champlain Basin Program, Patt i and Tim Marrinan, the Mount in the summer of 2007 to experience this special hands-on learning Independence Coalition, the National Life Group, the University of opportunity: Linda Brady, Kathy Douglas, Anne Friedrichs, Vermont Department of Anthropology, the Vermont Community Allison Gee, Barbara Hirai, Joy Hopkins, Jennifer Lawson, Peter Foundation, and the Vermont Humanities Council. This Lihatsh, John Peterson, Martha Quatt , Bjarki Sears, Stephanie publication also was supported in part by the Vermont Humanities Smith, Julie Stevenson, Don Taylor, and Carl Williams. Council and the National Endowment for the Humanities. The Voyages partners acknowledge the additional help, Project Advisory Committ ee members made a variety of information, guidance, and support off ered by the following: important contributions throughout the project. Special thanks the honorable Richard Adams; Eric Bessett e, Shadows & Light to Jeanne Brink, independent Abenaki scholar; Paul Huey, New Design; Raymond and Alice Bodett e and family; Jim Brangan, York State Offi ce of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation; Lake Champlain Basin Program; Jesse Bruchac; Joseph Bruchac; Kris Peterson-Ishaq, Coordinator, University of Vermont’s Center Kevin Cosgrove; Leon Cranmer, Maine State Museum; William for Research on Vermont; Robert Rodgers, Director, University of Fitzhugh, Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History; Vermont’s Center for Research on Vermont; Joseph-André Senécal, Christopher Fox, Curator, and Frank Schlamp, Adjunct Assistant Professor of Romance Languages, University of Vermont; and Curator for Archaeology, Fort Ticonderoga Museum; Dana Craig Whipple, Director of Vermont State Parks. Franklin and the staff at the West Addison Store; Allison Gee; A remarkable group of volunteers helped make the Voyages Julie Howlett and family; Thomas Hughes, Manager at the archaeology project a success beyond anything we had imagined. Crown Point, New York, State Historic Site; Adam Kane, Lake Our gratitude to the Vermont Department of State Parks for Champlain Maritime Museum; Patricia Manley, Middlebury College; Anne Imelda Radice, Director of the Institute of Museum and The Lake Champlain Voyages of Discovery: Bringing History Library Services; Christiane Skinner; Don Stevens, former Home project was funded by the Institute of Museum and Library Chair of the Vermont Commission on Native American Aff airs; Services. Any views, fi ndings, conclusions or recommendations Dr. Frances Stewart, zooarchaeologist; the University of Maine expressed in this publication do not necessarily represent those at Farmington Archaeology Research Center, in particular Bob of the Institute of Museum and Library Services. Bartone, David Beale, Ellen Cowie, Rosemary Cyr, Ed Frank, The activity that is the subject of this publication has been Gemma Hudgell, James Gammon, Donna Lamson, Jesse Lynch, fi nanced in part with Federal funds from the National Park Hutch McPheters, and Steve Scharoun; the University of Service, Department of the Interior. However, the contents Vermont’s Center for Research on Vermont staff , Kris Peterson- and opinions do not necessarily refl ect the views or policies of Ishaq and Kelly Dutra; the staff at the Vermont Division for the Department of the Interior nor does the mention of trade Historic Preservation and Agency of Commerce and Community names or commercial products constitute endorsement or Development, in particular Jane Lendway, then Vermont State recommendation by the Department of the Interior. Further, Historic Preservation Offi cer, and Diane Ford, then Business any views, fi ndings, conclusions, or recommendations Manager; and Frederick M. Wiseman, Johnson State College. expressed in this publication do not necessarily represent If we have forgott en to list someone by name, forgive us this those of another partial funder, the National Endowment omission. This project was only possible because of the bright and for the Humanities and the Vermont Humanities Council. dedicated energy of a great number of committ ed individuals This program receives Federal funds from the National Park and organizations. Service for the identifi cation and protection of historic properties. Photo and Illustration Credits: In addition to the authors, Regulations of the US Department of the Interior strictly images have been graciously contributed by David Beale; prohibit unlawful discrimination in departmental Federally Bibliothèque nationale du Québec; Raymond Bodett e and Assisted Programs on the basis of race, color, national origin, family; Buff alo Bill Historical Center; Canadian Department age or handicap. Any person who believes he or she has been of National Defence; Canadian Museum of Civilization; Paul discriminated against in any program, activity, or facility operated Carnahan at the Vermont Historical Society; Chimney Point by a recipient of Federal assistance should write to: Director, State Historic Site; William J. Costello; Crown Point, New Equal Opportunity Program, US Department of the Interior, York, State Historic Site; French National Archives, Centre des National Park Service, PO Box 37127, Washington, DC. 20240. archives d’outre-mer; Gardiner Houlgate, Bath Auction Rooms, Ltd; Richard Gross; Library and Archives Canada; Maine State Museum; Muséé régional de Vaudreuil-Soulanges;