Gender Responsive Communication for Development: Mapping and Assessment of UNICEF Initiatives in Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Nepal and Pakistan
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Gender Responsive Communication for Development: Mapping and Assessment of UNICEF Initiatives in Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Nepal and Pakistan UNICEF Regional Office for South Asia February 2018 Gender Responsive Communication for Development: Mapping and Assessment of UNICEF Initiatives in Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Nepal and Pakistan This report provides in-depth analysis of initiatives from four countries – Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Nepal and Pakistan. These country offices participated in all phases of the assessment by responding to the initial request for information, providing documents for review, completing the survey and reviewing the draft report. The lessons learned, guidelines and recommendations, however, are intended to benefit all countries in the region. This assessment was undertaken by Ami Sengupta, Consultant with overall guidance and inputs from Sheeba Harma, Regional Gender Adviser UNICEF ROSA. Acknowledging the contribution of C4D and Gender teams in the country offices for their collaboration and for sharing materials and reviewing the assessment. Also acknowledging, Diane Summers, Regional Adviser C4D and Kendra Gregson, Regional Adviser Child Protection for reviewing this assessment and Rui Nomoto, Gender Officer for supporting the document design and layout. The assessment was undertaken with joint funding from Gender and Child Protection sections at UNICEF ROSA. © UNICEF ROSA Cover Photo: © UNICEF/UNI121045/Froutan 2 Table of Contents List of Tables ..................................................................................................................................4 List of Figures ................................................................................................................................ 5 Abbreviations ................................................................................................................................ 6 Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 9 Overview ..................................................................................................................... 9 Definitions and Key Concepts ................................................................................... 10 Section 1: Mapping of Current Interventions ............................................................................ 14 Methodology.............................................................................................................. 14 Trends in UNICEF C4D and Gender Initiatives in South Asia.................................... 15 Country Snap Shots ................................................................................................... 23 Afghanistan ................................................................................................................ 24 Bangladesh ................................................................................................................. 32 Nepal........................................................................................................................... 43 Pakistan ...................................................................................................................... 51 Section 2: Case Studies and Lessons Learned ........................................................................... 63 Afghanistan: Golden Villages Initiative .....................................................................63 Bangladesh: National Multi-Media Campaign Strategy to End Child Marriage ...... 67 Nepal: The Golden 1000 Days Communication Campaign ....................................... 72 Pakistan: Menstrual Hygiene C4D Strategy .............................................................. 76 Section 3: Gender Responsive C4D ........................................................................................... 80 Opportunities and Challenges for Integrating Gender in C4D ............................... 80 Applying a Gender Lens to C4D Programme Planning ............................................83 Gender Responsive C4D Checklist ............................................................................85 Integrating Gender in the C4D Planning Process .................................................... 86 Section 4: C4D and Gender Needs Assessment ......................................................................... 95 Methodology..............................................................................................................95 Findings ......................................................................................................................95 Section 5: Recommendations ................................................................................................... 102 Annex 1: Mapping and Needs Assessment Survey .................................................................. 106 3 List of Tables Table 1: Gender Responsive Assessment Scale .................................................................................. 13 Table 2: Criteria for Inclusion ............................................................................................................... 15 Table 3: Summary of C4D Initiatives Across the Focus Areas ............................................................ 18 Table 4: Different Kinds of Beliefs and Collective Practices on Child Marriage ............................... 68 Table 5: Sample of Social Change Indicators included in the Strategy ............................................. 77 Table 6: Phase(s) of the C4D Planning Cycle where Gender Considerations are Integrated .......... 82 Table 7: Phase(s) of the C4D Planning Cycle that are most Challenging to Integrate Gender Considerations ............................................................................................................................. 82 Table 8: Gender Responsive C4D Initiatives to Address VAC ............................................................84 Table 9: C4D Staffing in Country Offices ............................................................................................ 95 Table 10: Gender Staffing in Country Offices ..................................................................................... 96 Table 11: Level of Coordination Between C4D and Gender Sections ................................................ 97 Table 12: Involvement of Gender Specialist/Focal Point in the C4D Planning Cycle ......................... 97 Table 13: Level of Gender Integration in Current C4D Programmes ................................................ 98 Table 14: Stages of C4D Planning and Gender Integration .............................................................. 100 Table 15: Thematic Areas Requiring Further Investments and Capacity Building .......................... 100 4 List of Figures Figure 1: Mapping Methodology and Report Writing Process .......................................................... 14 Figure 2: Gender Equality Continuum ................................................................................................. 83 Figure 3: Social Ecological Model ........................................................................................................ 86 Figure 4: Overview of Integrating Gender and C4D ........................................................................... 87 Figure 5: Integrating Gender in the C4D Planning Process ................................................................ 88 5 Abbreviations AATWIN Alliance Against Trafficking In Woman and Children in Nepal ACORAB Association of Community Radio Broadcasters AGE Acute Gastro Enteritis AI Appreciative Inquiry AKRSP Agha Khan Rural Support Programme AMARC World Association of Community Radio Broadcasters (Association Mondiale Des Radiodiffuseurs Communautaires) ANC Ante Natal Care ARLC Adolescent Radio Listener Club AWLI Afghan Women’s Leadership Initiative BCC Behaviour Change Communication C4D Communication for Development CBA Community Based Approaches CBO Community Based Organizations CHW Community Health Worker CLTS Community led Total Sanitation CO Country Office CPD Country Programme Document CTI Comprehensive Targeted Intervention DSMS Directorate of School Management Shuras ECD Early Childhood Development ECMP Ending Child Marriage Programme E-E Entertainment-Education EFM Early Forced Marriage EPI Expanded Programme on Immunization FATA Federally Administered Tribal Area FCHV Female Community Health Volunteer FGD Focus Group Discussion FLW Front Line Workers FT Fixed Term GAP Gender Action Plan GBV Gender Based Violence GESI Gender and Social Inclusion Team GFP Gender Focal Point GRID Gaming Revolution for International Development 6 GVI Golden Village Initiative ICT Information Communication Technology IEC Information Education and Communication IFA Iron and Folic Acid IFC Information Feedback Centres IMCI Integrated Management of Childhood Illness IP Implementing Partner IPC Interpersonal Communication IVR Interactive Voice Response IYCF Infant Young Child Feeding KAPB Knowledge Attitudes Practices and Behaviours KP Khyber Pakhtunkhwa LHW Lady Health Worker M&E Monitoring and Evaluation MIC Microsoft Innovation Centre MIYCN Maternal Infant Young Child Nutrition MCWk Mother and Child Week MHM Menstrual Hygiene Management MOWCA Ministry of Women and Children Affairs MSNP Multi-Sector Nutrition Plan MTR Mid Term Review NHEICC National Health Education Information Communication Centre NGO Non