Trivishtap Special-I ` 200@& January-March 2020 Guest Editor Vijay Kranti Patrons Sh. Laxmi Niwas Jhunjhunwala Sh. Raghupati Singhania Journal of Social and Academic Activism Sh. Gopal Jiwarajka Sh. Alok B. Shriram Sh. Mahesh Gupta Year-41, Issue-1 Jan-Mar 2020 Sh. Ravi Wig Sh. Anil Khaitan Sh. Lalit Kumar Malhotra Sh. Subodh Jain Sh. Sudarshan Sareen Sh. Pradeep Multani Editorial Board Sh. Rambahadur Rai Sh. Achyutanand Mishra Sh. Balbir Punj Trivishtap Special-I Sh. Atul Jain Dr. Bharat Dahiya Sh. Isht Deo Sankrityaayan Editor Dr. Mahesh Chandra Sharma Managing Editor Sh. Arvind Singh [email protected] Publisher Design Sh. Nitin Panwar Research and Development Foundation For Integral Humanism [email protected] Ekatm Bhawan, 37, Deendayal Upadhyaya Marg, New Delhi-110002 Phone: 011-23210074 Printer E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] Kumar Offset Printers 381, Patparganj Industrial Area, Delhi-110092 Website: www.manthandigital.com 1 Trivishtap Special-I January-March 2020 Contents 1. Contributors’ profile 03 2. Editorial 05 3. Guest Editorial 06 4. Interview 10 5. Trivishtap in Sanskrit Literature 16 6. Sanskrit in Tibetan Literature HH Dalai Lama 18 7. Trivishtap or Tibet The World’s Roof Prof. Bhagawati Prakash 20 and Nehru-era Lapses - I 8. The Word Trivistapa Means Heaven Dr Suryakant Bali 25 9. Tibet during early Medieval period RT Mohan 27 10. Cultural Relations between India and Claude Arpi 32 Tibet An overview of the light from India 11. Sakya Pandita Glimpses of His Migmar Tsering 43 Three Major Works 12. The Indian Origins of the Lam-rim Bhikkhu Pasadika 49 Literature of Central Asia 13. The Avadānas and Their Influence NK Dash 56 on Tibetan Drama 14. South of the Border: Tāranātha’s David Templeman 60 Perceptions of India 15. Mahāsiddhas in Tibetan Tradition Isht Deo Sankrityaayan 68 and Nāthas in India 16. Ayurveda in Tibet Vaidya Bhagwan Dash 73 17. From Lhasa to India Gendun Chophel 78 18. The Saga of Rāma in Tibet Sonali Mishra 94 Supplementary Articles 1 Readers' letters 04 2 Trivishtapeshwar Mahadev in Ujjain 26 3 Rutog Rock Paintings in Western Tibet 55 4 Where is the Gateway of Yama on Earth? 67 5 Tibetan Buddhist Art 72 6 The Man and the Ghost Tibetan Folktales 98 2 Trivishtap Special-I January-March 2020 Cover picture Details: A fusion of the thangka picture of Guru Padmasambhav with background of Mount Kailash along with a map of Tibet Contributors’ profile Vijay Kranti is a senior Indian journalist, a Tibetologist Migmar Tsering (Venerable Khenpo Migmar Tsering) and an accomplished photographer. Over past nearly five was the abbot and the principal of the prestigious Sakya decades, he has worked on the staff of prominent Indian and College, the premier institution for higher studies in Buddhist international media groups. His 47 year long photography of philosophy for Sakya students for a decade (1989 - 1999). exile Tibetan community and life inside Chinese occupied Born in Western Tibet, Khenpo Migmar escaped to India in Tibet is considered to be the largest one man photo work on 1959 at the age of four and completed his elementary studies Tibet. in Southern India. HIS HOLINESS THE DALAI LAMA is revered by Bhikkhu Pāsādika born August 17, 1939 at Bad Arolsen in Tibetans and followers of Mahayana school of Buddhism as Hesse, is a German indologist and a Buddhist monk. the reincarnation of Avalokiteshwara (Tib ‘Chen Rezig’), NK Dash the Karuna (compassion) manifestation of Buddha. He was Manthan got the article from the Tibet Journal, but couldn't arrange profile. 5 years old when he was identified as the reincarnation of the 13th Dalai Lama. He is 14th in the five centuries long David Templeman Have worked on various writings of chain of Dalai Lamas of Tibet. In addition to being the Taranatha (1575-1634) since the 1970's. At present he is an supreme spiritual leader of Tibet, the Dalai Lama is also the Adjunct Research Fellow at Monash Asia Institute, Monash ruler of Tibet. In 1959 he had to flee from Tibet in the wake University. of Chinese Army’s violence that crushed Tibetan uprising against Chinese occupation of Tibet (1951) and took asylum Isht Deo Sankrityaayan Senior journalist and author, in India. associated with the Research and Development Foundation for Integral Humanism, writing and translation of several books Prof. Bhagwati Prakash is an economist and expert on ancient goes to his credit. Contact: [email protected] Indian scriptures. He is the Vice-Chancellor of Gautam Buddha University, Noida, UP. He is also the Convener of Bharat Solar Vaidya Bhagwan Dash was a renowned Indian Ayurvedic Power Development Forum and one of the Co-convenors of scholar and practitioner who critically studied Tibetan medicine and its roots in Ayurveda. He has been consultant Swadeshi Jagaran Manch. [email protected], Mob: to the Governments of India, Bagla Desh, Bhutan, Myanmar 9829243459 and World Health Organization . He contributed a large Dr. Suryakant Bali Senior Journalist and author. Scholar of number of research papers on various aspects of Ayurveda the Indian culture and Sanskrit language. Worked as Resident and Tibetan medicine. Editor in Hindi daily Navbharat Times. Had been designated as National Professor. Authored a number of books in Hindi Gendun Chophel (1902-1951) was an outstanding and English. Tibetan scholar, a talented artist, a great poet, a well know dialectician and a translator. He is considered as the first R. T. Mohan after retirement as a Diplomatic Officer from the ‘modern’ Tibetan monk scholar. He became controversial Embassy of India, Tehran, re-searching and unveiling the history in Tibet for being a non-conformist. He disrobed, gave up of successful Hindu resistance to march of Muslim arms through celibacy and travelled to many other countries and learned Afghanistan, during the seventh to eleventh centuries. many languages and worked with foreign scholars. Contact: [email protected] Sonali Mishra Project Associate in Indira Gandhi National Claude Arpi is French-born author, journalist, historian Centre of Arts. Translated a number of books. A collection and tibetologist born in 1949 in Angoulême, who lives in of short stories is published. Ph.D. in Translation Studies. Auroville, India. Contact: [email protected] 3 Trivishtap Special-I January-March 2020 Readers' letters To, The Editor, Manthan –Journal of Social and Academic Activism Greetings!!! I extend you my heartiest greeting for two excellent editions on the Indian Constitution. Undoubtedly Indian constitution came into existence after a long struggle and great deliberations of the learned members of constituent assembly. Constitution of any country reflects the soul and spirit of the nation but for the huge country like India having the richest past civilization and unique blends of diversity in unity,it reflects the philosophy of the past and vision for the future, both. As an academician I always had this feeling that after almost seven decades of independence there is a dire need to re-visit the constitution, to re-evaluate the purpose of its creation and constitutional targets we achieved in past 70 years when India has already seen more than hundred constitutional amendments. These editions beautifully unfold the history and mystery both which is unknown to most of us. Reading constitution is easy but it is difficult to understand the spirit and philosophy between the lines as it is not explicitly mentioned in maximum interpretative texts. The best part of these editions is to bring forward those unheard facts and circumstances behind constitution which were always overlooked by the jurists, judges and law makers in post independent India. Physical, psychological and emotional feelings of the members of constituent assembly drafting constitution could be easily understoodduring the time when the country is passing through the trauma of division and killing of millions of people in the name of religion is going on. How much justified is to portray every provision of this document as most sacred when tall figures ofconstituentassembly themselves considered it as imperfect. Has the time arrived to review certain provisions which giveample scope to the politicians to divide independent India in the name of religion and caste? Undoubtedly with the help of these valuable editions the inside story of the constitution and philosophy of such terms put in the constitution and the need of their review could be better understood and justified now. In the second edition five historic speeches of five iconic historical figures expressing their experience, vision and apprehension of future of India is an eye-opener. SeeingIndependent India through a constitution which is largely based upon the Government of India Act 1935, and the dissent of Mahatma Gandhi over creation of constituent assemblyin those circumstances raises several questions. These editions provide a beautiful opportunity to the readers to visualize the things with the vision of Constitution makers and ignite minds of academicians like me to developnew insight to contemplate about the constitution and its best, worst and missing perspectives. I hope that with the help of theseeditions all those who are working in the field of law should take the responsibility to rethink about the jurisprudence of different provisions used in the constitution to re-interpret and re-invent it in the light of current challenges India is facing. Once again my heartiest congratulation to all the contributors and editor for their sagacious contribution in these brilliant editions. Dr.Seema Singh, Assistant Professor, Faculty of Law, University of Delhi, Delhi 4 Trivishtap Special-I January-March 2020 Editorial pecial issue focussed on Gandhāra was received with avidness, I am grateful! S The story of Gandhāra is a story of its dissociation with Bhārata. In this issue we are discussing about the heavenly plateau of Triviṣṭapa that is spread from the middle of Himalayas to the east.