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SKRIPSI PERAN SOSIAL-POLITIK PRIYAYI MODERN DI SURABAYA PADA TAHUN 1900-1940 Oleh: AIMATUL M UKAROMAH NIM. 121211431073 PROGRAM

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SKRIPSI PERAN SOSIAL-POLITIK PRIYAYI MODERN DI SURABAYA PADA TAHUN 1900-1940 Oleh: AIMATUL M UKAROMAH NIM. 121211431073 PROGRAM ADLN-PERPUSTAKAAN UNIVERSITAS AIRLANGGA SKRIPSI PERAN SOSIAL-POLITIK PRIYAYI MODERN DI SURABAYA PADA TAHUN 1900-1940 Oleh: AIMATUL M UKAROMAH NIM. 121211431073 PROGRAM STUDI ILMU SEJARAH FAKULTAS ILMU BUDAYA UNIVERSITAS AIRLANGGA 2016 SKRIPSI PERAN SOSIAL-POLITIK PRIYAYI... AIMATUL MUKAROMAH ADLN-PERPUSTAKAAN UNIVERSITAS AIRLANGGA SKRIPSI PERAN SOSIAL-POLITIK PRIYAYI... AIMATUL MUKAROMAH ADLN-PERPUSTAKAAN UNIVERSITAS AIRLANGGA SKRIPSI PERAN SOSIAL-POLITIK PRIYAYI MODERN DI SURABAYA TAHUN PADA 1900-1940 Oleh: AIMATUL MUKAROMAH NIM. 121211431073 PROGRAM STUDI ILMU SEJARAH FAKULTAS ILMU BUDAYA UNIVERSITAS AIRLANGGA 2016 SKRIPSI PERAN SOSIAL-POLITIK PRIYAYI... AIMATUL MUKAROMAH ADLN-PERPUSTAKAAN UNIVERSITAS AIRLANGGA PERAN SOSIAL-POLITIK PRIYAYI MODERN DI SURABAYA TAHUN PADA 1900-1940 SKRIPSI Sebagai Salah satu Syarat Syarat untuk Memperoleh Gelar Sarjana pada Program Studi Ilmu Sejarah Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Universitas Airlangga Oleh AIMATUL MUKAROMAH NIM. 121211431073 PROGRAM STUDI ILMU SEJARAH FAKULTAS ILMU BUDAYA UNIVERSITAS AIRLANGGA 2016 SKRIPSI PERAN SOSIAL-POLITIK PRIYAYI... AIMATUL MUKAROMAH ADLN-PERPUSTAKAAN UNIVERSITAS AIRLANGGA SKRIPSI PERAN SOSIAL-POLITIK PRIYAYI... AIMATUL MUKAROMAH ADLN-PERPUSTAKAAN UNIVERSITAS AIRLANGGA SKRIPSI PERAN SOSIAL-POLITIK PRIYAYI... AIMATUL MUKAROMAH ADLN-PERPUSTAKAAN UNIVERSITAS AIRLANGGA KATA PENGANTAR Puji syukur penulis panjatkan kehadirat Allah SWT atas segala rahmat, karunia, dan anugerahnya sehingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan penyusunan skripsi ini yang berjudul “Peran Sosial-Politik Priyayi Modern di Surabaya Tahun 1900-1940”. Shalawat serta salam penulis curahkan kepada junjungan kita Nabi Muhammad SAW yang telah menuntun menuju jalan yang penuh rahmat ini. Sejarah merupakan ilmu sosial yang mengkaji tentang perubahan. Dalam penulisan sejarah perlu memperhatikan aspek ruang dan waktu. Sejarah priyayi Surabaya masih belum banyak ditulis oleh para peneliti, priyayi dibedakan menjadi dua, yakni priyayi tradisional dan priyayi modern. Penulis mengambil fokus penulisan pada priyayi modern di Surabaya pada masa kolonial. Bagaimana peran mereka pada bidang sosial-politik di Surabaya. Penulis tidak lupa mengucapkan terimakasih kepada orang tua yang sudah mendukung. Saudara-Saudari penulis Mas Usman, Mas Riyono dan adik tercinta Maulana. Merekalah yang setia membantu penulis dengan penuh kasih sayang. Kepada para Bapak-Ibu guru dan dosen penulis dari SD hingga jenjang perguruan tinggi yang telah mencurahkan segala ilmu yang dimiliki kepada penulis, semoga ilmu yang diberikan menjadi berkah. Kepada dosen di Departemen Ilmu Sejarah: Bapak Purnawan Basundoro, Pradipto Niwandhono, Edy Budi Santoso, La Ode Rabani, Johny A. Khusyairi, Arya W. Wirayuda, Gayung kasuma, Ibu Sinta Rahayu, Ibu Moordiati, Ibu Eni Sugiarti, penulis ucapkan banyak terimakasih. Sebagai Dosen wali yang telah memberikan pengarahan dan saran selama empat tahun kuliah, jasa bapak Muryadi tiada terkira bagi penulis. Kepada bapak Pradipto Niwandhono, S.S., M.Hum. selaku pembimbing Skripsi ini, penulis ucapkan banyak terimakasih atas segala bimbingan dan waktunya untuk membantu menyelesaikan skripsi ini. Dukungan terpenting dalam keberlangsungan kuliah penulis diberikan oleh Program Beasiswa Bidikmisi oleh DIKTI, dimana saya berkesempatan untuk mengenyam pendidikan di Universitas Airlangga. Kepada SKI FIB, HMD Ilmu vi SKRIPSI PERAN SOSIAL-POLITIK PRIYAYI... AIMATUL MUKAROMAH ADLN-PERPUSTAKAAN UNIVERSITAS AIRLANGGA Sejarah, LPM SITUS FIB, penulis mengucapkan terimakasih telah diberikan kesempatan untuk mengasah soft skill dan menampung penulis sebagai keluarga. Untuk Sahabat-Sahabat Rempong Mahmudah, Nurie, Maulida, Arofah, Nia, Silfi, Devi yang senantiasa selalu menemani dan memberikan dukungan dalam bentuk semangat dan motivasi yang tiada terkira. Untuk teman-teman kos Karang Menjangan 3 no. 39 Mbak Rohmah, Mbak Aidah, Mbak Farida, Mbak Putri, Arinda, Acha yang sudah penulis anggap sebagai saudara, memberikan semangat, saran, canda dan tawa selama mengerjakan skripsi ini. Tidak lupa kawan seperjuangan, sekamar dan sejurusan Mahmudah yang sudah saya anggap seperti kakak perempuan Teman PKM 1 kali pendanaan. PKMP Mas Khasan, Yuyun, Mukhris, Nikmah, Mas Henggar. Guys you are the best. Pengalaman akademis serta penelitian dilapangan yang menyenangkan. Penulis menyadari dalam skripsi ini banyak kekurangan dan jauh dari kata sempurna, sehingga kritik dan saran penulis selalu harapkan dari pembaca skripsi ini. Semoga skripsi ini bermanfaat dan menjadi inspirasi bagi seluruh pembacanya. Surabaya, September 2016 Penulis vii SKRIPSI PERAN SOSIAL-POLITIK PRIYAYI... AIMATUL MUKAROMAH ADLN-PERPUSTAKAAN UNIVERSITAS AIRLANGGA SKRIPSI PERAN SOSIAL-POLITIK PRIYAYI... AIMATUL MUKAROMAH ADLN-PERPUSTAKAAN UNIVERSITAS AIRLANGGA ABSTRAK Sejarah priyayi masih belum banyak dikaji dan ditulis oleh beberapa peneliti. Priyayi dibedakan menjadi dua jenis, yakni priyayi tradisional dan priyayi modern. Tujuan penulisan ini adalah untuk membahas tentang priyayi modern di Surabaya. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penulisan skripsi ini adalah metode sejarah yang meliputi empat tahap, yakni tahap heuristik, kritik, interpretasi, dan historiografi. Sumber penelitian berupa arsip, surat kabar, buku, jurnal dan karya penelitian lainya yang dapat mendukung penulisan ini. Melalui penulisan ini, dapat diperoleh hasil sebagai berikut. Sejarah priyayi di Surabaya masih belum banyak ditulis dan dikaji secara mendalam. Jenis priyayi yang ada di Surabaya adalah priyayi modern yang bisa disebut sebagai kaum intelektual, munculnya priyayi modern di Surabaya karena adanya pengaruh modernisasi yang dibawa oleh pemerintah kolonial, terutama dalam bidang pendidikan. Melalui pendidikan itulah para priyayi modern itu memperoleh pemikiran dan gagasan baru. Setelah selesai menempuh pendidikan, beberapa dari mereka ada yang bekerja pada birokrasi pemerintahan, guru, mantri hingga dokter. Ada juga beberapa dari kaum intelektual itu memilih jalan berjuang dalam pergerakan. Beberapa organisasi yang didirikan oleh kaum intelektual di Surabaya, diantaranya adalah Indonesische Studie Club. Organisasi yang diprakarsai oleh Dokter Soetomo ini berhasil mendapatkan banyak anggota terutama dari kalangan pemuda. Selain itu juga berhasil mendirikan beberapa fasilitas untuk kaum pribumi. Pemicu munculnya organisasi-organisasi ini adalah karena pemerintah kolonial tidak adil dalam mengatur hak-hak pribumi. Melalui organisasi kaum intelektual menyuarakan pendapat kaum pribumi kepada pemerintah. Surabaya menjadi pijakan bagi tokoh-tokoh priyayi modern untuk bergerak dan menentang kaum penjajah demi mengabdi untuk menyadarkan bangsa betapa pentingnya ikatan persatuan untuk meraih kemerdekaan. Kata Kunci: Priyayi Modern, Kaum Elite, Kolonial, Surabaya, ix SKRIPSI PERAN SOSIAL-POLITIK PRIYAYI... AIMATUL MUKAROMAH ADLN-PERPUSTAKAAN UNIVERSITAS AIRLANGGA DAFTAR ISI Sampul Depan ....................................................... i Sampul Dalam ....................................................... ii Prasyarat Gelar ....................................................... iii Persetujuan Pembimbing Skripsi ....................................................... iv Pengesahan Dewan Penguji Skripsi ....................................................... v KATA PENGANTAR ....................................................... vi PERNYATAAN ....................................................... ix ABSTRAK ....................................................... x HALAMAN DAFTAR ISI ....................................................... xi HALAMAN DAFTAR GAMBAR ....................................................... xiv HALAMAN DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ....................................................... xv HALAMAN DAFTAR ISTILAH ....................................................... xvi HALAMAN DAFTAR SINGKATAN ....................................................... xx BAB I PENDAHULUAN ....................................................................... 1 A. Latar Belakang ................................................................... 1 B. Rumusan Masalah .............................................................. 6 C. Tujuan dan Manfaat Penelitian .......................................... 6 D. Batasan dan Ruang Lingkup Bahasan ............................... 7 E. Tinjauan Pusataka............................................................... 10 F. Kerangka Konseptual.......................................................... 14 G. Metode Penelitian .............................................................. 16 H. Sistematika Penulisan ........................................................ 18 BAB II KIPRAH PRIYAYI MODERN SURABAYA TAHUN 1900- 1940 AN DI SURABAYA…………………………………… 20 A. Gambaran Umum Kota Surabaya ……………………….. 20 Peran Priyayi Modern dalam Birokrasi dan Kebijakan B. Pemerintahan Kota Surabaya ……………………………. 27 x SKRIPSI PERAN SOSIAL-POLITIK PRIYAYI... AIMATUL MUKAROMAH ADLN-PERPUSTAKAAN UNIVERSITAS AIRLANGGA C. Pendidikan Sebagai Sarana Priyayi Modern di Surabaya... 38 1. HIS………… ………………...………………...... 43 2. Sekolah Ongko Loro …………………………….. 45 3. Sekolah Desa …………………………….............. 46 4. Sekolah Lanjutan…………………………………. 47 5. MULO …………………………………………… 48 6. AMS ……….…………………………………...... 49 7. HBS …………..………………………………….. 49 8. NIAS……………………………………………... 51 9. STOVIT………………………………………....... 53 BAB III TOKOH PRIYAYI MODERN DAN PERANANYA DI SURABAYA PADA TAHUN 1900-1940 AN………………… 56 A. Tokoh Priyayi Modern dan Peranya Melalui Organisasi… 56 1. Dokter Soetomo ……………….……...................
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