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Al-Itqān Journal of Islamic Sciences and Comparative Studies AL-ITQĀN JOURNAL OF ISLAMIC SCIENCES AND COMPARATIVE STUDIES Volume: 4 Issue No. 2 August 2020 EDITOR IN-CHIEF Dr. Wan Mohd Azam Mohd Amin MANAGING EDITOR Dr. Masitoh Ahmad EDITORIAL BOARD Dr. Syed Arabi Aidid, IIUM. Dr. Hassan Basri Mat Dahan, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Nilai, Negeri Sembilan Dr. Kamaruzaman Yusuff, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Semarahan, Kucing. Dr. Kamar Oniah, IIUM. Dr. Mumtaz Ali, IIUM. Dr. Noor Amali Mohd Daud, IIUM. Dr. Adibah Abdul Rahim, IIUM. Dr. Haslina Ibrahim, IIUM. Dr. Siti Akmar, Universiti Institut Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam Dr. Thameem Ushama, IIUM. INTERNATIONAL ADVISORY BOARD Dr. Muhammad Afifi al-Akiti, Oxford University, UK Dr. Abdullah M. al-Syarqawi, Cairo University, Egypt. Dr. Abdul Kabir Hussain Solihu, Kwara State University, Nigeria. Dr. Anis Ahmad, Riphah International University, Islamabad. Dr. ASM Shihabuddin, Uttara University, Dhakka, Bangladesh. Dr. Fatimah Abdullah, Sabahattin Zaim University,Turkey. Dr. Ibrahim M. Zein, Qatar Foundation, Qatar. Dr. Khalid Yahya, Temple University, USA. © 2017 IIUM Press, International Islamic University Malaysia. All rights reserved. eISSN:26008432 Correspondence Managing Editor, Al-Itqān Research Management Centre, RMC International Islamic University Malaysia P.O Box 10, 50728 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Tel: +603 6196 5558 Website: http://journals.iium.edu.my/al-itqan/index.php/alitqan/index Email: [email protected] Published by: IIUM Press, International Islamic University Malaysia P.O. Box 10, 50728 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Phone (+603) 6196-5014, Fax: (+603) 6196-6298 Website: http://iiumpress.iium.edu.my/bookshop Table of Contents The Early Muslim Discussion on the Problem of the Divine Attributes with an Emphasis on the Mu„tazilites. 5-17 Megawati Moris Promoting Inter-Religious Harmony through University-Community Engagement Project: A Case Study of the Educational Visit to Places of 19-31 Worship (Edvist) Nur Suriya Mohd Nor Religious Harmony in India‟s Post-Independence Phase: A Comparative Study of the Approach of Abul Hasan Ali Nadawi and Wahiduddin Khan. 33-49 Khalil Ahmad Muhammad Mumtaz Ali Yousuf Azim Siddiqi The Response of Syed Sheikh Al-Hadi (1867-1934) To Educational Concerns among the Malays in Malaya 51-68 Nur Nashrah Isahak Adibah Abdul Rahim Concept and Practice of `Istibdāl among Contemporary Muslims in Nigeria: Are there Correlations with Qur‟ān 4:20? 69-84 Khalid Ishola Bello Identifying Islamophobia in Malaysian Buddhist Context. Ahmad Faizuddin Ramli 85-108 Jaffary Awang Zaizul Ab Rahman Hamka‟s Responses to the Evangelisation in Indonesia: An Analysis of Interpretation of Several Qur‟anic Verses in Tafsir Al-Azhar. 109-125 Fathin Hanani Zulkifli Majdan Alias Positive Thinking and Good Impression towards Allah and His Predestination in Light of Prophetic Guidance. 127-152 Norhayati Mat Nor Zunaidah Mohd Marzuki The Phenomenon of Religious Extremism in Contemporary Muslim Societies Manifestations, Causes and Effects. 153-198 Fairouz Ziadi Amilah Awang Abd Rahman Author Guidelines Manuscript article can be either in English, Malay or Arabic using software Microsoft office (Word, and Excel), Font 12 Times New Roman. Only tables, figures and appendix can be written using Font 10, Times New Roman. If there is a usage of Quranic verses or Hadith fom Prophet P.B.U.H., it only needs to be done by translation only. The manuscript should be in 1.5 single spacing and justified, with the margin of 2.5cm. Article needs to have a title and author’s name and second author’s name along with the full address (institution’s or university’s address, e-mail, handphone’s number, office’s number, fax together with the second author’s details). Every article must include an `abstract in Malay and English. The length of the abstract is no more than 150 words including 5 keywords. The length of each article must not exceed 6000 words. The Arabic words in manuscript should be in a transliterated form. Reference for each article must be written according to Chicago Manual. Notification Letter : Letter of Acceptance – editorial board will send an e-mail to the author to notify that the manuscript is received. Letter of Acceptance/Rejection for Publication – editorial board will send a letter by an e-mail to the author to notify if the manuscript judged by the panels is approved or declined to be published. Letter of Publication – editorial board will send a letter by e-mail to the author if the article has been judged, repaired, and corrected to be published in the college’s journal. Certificate of Appreciation– editorial board will send a certificate of appreciation by mail to the authors who have sent their articles. AL-ITQĀN Vol. No. 4, Issue No. 2, August, 2020, 109–125 Copyright © IIUM Press eISSN 2600-8432 Hamka’s Responses to the Evangelisation in Indonesia: An Analysis of Interpretation of Several Qur’anic Verses in Tafsir Al-Azhar Fathin Hanani Zulkifli* Majdan Alias** Abstract This article aims to study HAMKA‟s responses to Christianity in Indonesia, particularly towards the evangelism movement which flourished under the Dutch ruling. The emphasis is on his criticism with regard to the Christian evangelism in Indonesia that transpired in his magnum opus, Tafsir al- Azhar, which focuses on some of the Qur`anic verses in Surah al-Baqarah, Surah al-Anʿām, and Surah al-Burūj. This research employs a qualitative methodology by critically analysing related books, newspapers, and manuscripts. One of the findings reveals that HAMKA‟s critique of the Christian missionaries‟ agenda is a direct result of their extensive evangelical works in Indonesia. Keywords: HAMKA, Evangelisation, Christianity, Indonesia, comparative, religion. Introduction Haji Abdul Malik Karim Amarullah or popularly known as HAMKA1 was one of the contemporary Malay Muslim scholars in Islamic thought and Comparative Religion. He was born in the rural city of West Sumatra, Indonesia on February 16, 1908. He lived with his father, Abdul Karim Amarullah, also known as Haji Rasul (d. 1945), who was a respected ulama‟ and a reformist scholar. Haji Rasul founded a reformist school named Thawalib School in Minangkabau, which HAMKA himself went to. Even though the purpose of the school was aimed at reforming the Minang people2, * Master‟s Student at the Department of Uṣūl al-Dīn and Comparative Religion, Kulliyyah of Islamic Revealed Knowledge and Human Sciences (KIRKHS), International Islamic University Malaysia. Email: [email protected] ** Assistant Prof. Dr. Department of Uṣūl al-Dīn and Comparative Religion, Kulliyyah of Islamic Revealed Knowledge and Human Sciences (KIRKHS), International Islamic University Malaysia. Email: [email protected] 1 This denotation of Hamka will be used in the following pages as refer to his name. 2 Minangkabau people or also known as Minang, are an ethnic group of natives that lived in Minangkabau Highlands of West Sumatra, Indonesia and followed to the Malay culture. 110 Hamka‟s Responses to the Evangelisation in Indonesia-Fathin Hanani, Majdan Alias but in the early stage of establishment, the school still adopted a traditional style of learning. This traditional environment, however, was not appealing to HAMKA‟s attention. As a knowledge seeker even at an early age, he chose to study by himself and spend most of his time in the library of his teacher, Zainuddin Lebai al-Yunusi (d. 1924). HAMKA was able to broaden his horizon of learning by reading many foreign novels and well-known Indonesian publications at the time such as Bintang Hindia, Chahaya Sumatra and Sinar Sumatra, which has cultivated a passion in him. However, Haji Rasul was not in favour of his son‟s non-religious interest as he hoped HAMKA will succeed him to be a learned man („alim). This criticism of his father has made him decide to leave for Java, a suitable place for him to study extensively about Islam. Although his intention of getting away from home was rather personal, it is also a norm in the Minangkabau tradition called a practice of merantau (to travel), which young men will leave their homeplace to seek fortunes and acquire knowledge outside Minang.1 Java was the breeding place of reformist movements such as Muhammadiyyah2 and Sarekat Islam3 (Islamic Union). HAMKA seized the golden opportunity to follow the discourses and coaching organised by both Islamic movements. He met and studied directly under several prominent Sarekat Islam figures such as H.O.S Tjokroaminoto (d.1934), who taught him Islam and Socialism; Surjopranoto (d. 1959), his teacher in Sociology; H. Fachruddin (d.1929), from whom he learned about Tawḥīd (Islamic monotheism) and Islamic science, and he also studied lessons of Qur‟anic exegesis (Tafsīr al-Qur‟ān) with Ki Bagus Hadikusumo (d.1954). During his time in Yogyakarta, HAMKA discovered a new perspective of Islam as 1 HAMKA, Kenang-Kenangan Hidup (Kuala Lumpur: Penerbitan Pustaka Antara, 1982), p. 50. 2 Muhammadiyah is an Islamic non-government organization in Indonesia that has been founded by Ahmad Dahlan (d.1923) in 1912. This organization aimed to adapt Islam in Indonesian modern world, by bringing the idea of reformism which was been vastly introduced by Muhammad „Abduh. See Official Website of Muhammadiyyah, "Short History of Persyarikatan Muhammadiyah", Muhammadiyah, Retrieved 4th February 2020, http://www.muhammadiyah.or.id/id/content-50-det-sejarah.html 3 Sarekat Islam or knownly as Islamic Union is a first nationalist political party in Indonesia. This association been established by H. Samanhudi (d. 1956) in 1905 which initially named as Sarekat Pedagang Islam (Islamic Trade Union). At first, the aim was only for advancement of Indonesian economic interest against the Chinese traders. However, the aim somehow evolved to political purposes when H. O. S. Tjokroaminoto led the association and even changed the association‟s name officially to „Sarekat Islam„ in 1912. See Deliar Noer, Gerakan Modern Islam di Indonesia 1900- 1942, (Jakarta: 1988) and Yasmis, „Sarikat Islam dalam Pergerakan Nasional Indonesia (1912-1927)„, Jurnal Sejarah Lontar Vol.
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