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Peranan H. Samanhudi Dalam Sarekat Dagang Islam

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Peranan H. Samanhudi Dalam Sarekat Dagang Islam PERANAN H. SAMANHUDI DALAM SAREKAT DAGANG ISLAM SKRIPSI Diajukan Untuk Memenuhi Salah Satu Syarat Meraih Gelar Sarjana Humaniora Jurusan Sejarah Kebudayaan Islam pada Fakultas Adab dan Humaniora UIN Alauddin Makassar Oleh NOVIAN DWI CAHYO 40200114050 FAKULTAS ADAB DAN HUMANIORA UIN ALAUDDIN MAKASSAR 2018 PERNYATAAN KEASLIAN SKRIPSI Mahasiswa yang bertanda tangan di bawah ini : Nama : Novian Dwi Cahyo NIM : 40200114050 Tempat/Tgl. Lahir : Ujung Pandang, 30 November 1996 Jurusan : Sejarah dan Kebudayaan Islam Fakultas : Adab dan Humaniora Alamat : Jln. Tinumbu, Lr. 132, No. 46 Judul : Peranan H. Samanhudi dalam Sarekat Dagang Islam Menyatakan dengan sesungguhnya dan penuh kesadaran bahwa skripsi ini benar adalah hasil karya sendiri. Jika dikemudian hari terbukti bahwa skripsi ini merupakan duplikat, tiruan, plagiat, atau dibuat oleh orang lain, sebagai atau seluruhnya maka skripsi dan gelar yang diperoleh batal demi hukum. Samata, 18 Juli 2018 5 Dzulqa’idah 1439 H Penulis, Novian Dwi Cahyo NIM : 40200114050 ii KATA PENGANTAR Assalamualaikum Warohmatullahi Wabarokatuh. Puji dan syukur kita ucapkan kepada Allah SWT, atas limpahan Rahmat dan Karunia-Nya, sehingga segala aktivitas kita semua dapat diselesaikan. Salawat dan salam senantiasa kita sampaikan kepada Nabi Muhammad saw., atas keteladannya sehingga kita beraktivitas sesuai dengan nilai-nilai Islam. Keberhasilan penyusunan skripsi ini tentunya tidak terlepas dari keterlibatan dan dukunagn dari banyak pihak, baik secara langsung maupun tidak langsung, baik moril maupun materil. Untuk itu, hamba menghanturkan sembah sujud pada-Mu Ya Rabbi, atas karuniamu yang telah memberikan kepada hamba orang-orang yang dengan tulus membimbing aktivitasku. Sepanjang penyusunan skripsi ini begitu banyak kesulitan dan hambatan yang dihadapi. Oleh karena itu, sepantasnyalah saya ucapkan terima kasih yang amat besar kepada semua pihak khususnya kepada : 1. Penghormatan yang sebesar-besarnya kepada Kedua orang tua, Ayahanda Wagimin dan Ibunda Daliem tercinta, dan saudara Wahyudi dan Ridhatul Wardani yang selama ini memberikan pengasuhan, didikan, dorongan, motivasi dan semangat yang ikhlas dengan penuh pengorbanan dan kerja keras serta iringan do’a dan harapan mereka sehingga studi saya dapat terselesaikan dengan baik. 2. Prof. Dr. H. Musafir Pababbari, M. Si., Rektor UIN Alauddin Makassar, Prof. Dr. Mardan, M. Ag., Wakil Rektor I (Bidang Akademik Pengembangan Lembaga, Prof. Dr. H. Lomba Sultan, M.A., Wakil Rektor II (Bidang iv Akademik Umum dan Perencanan Keuangan), dan Prof. Siti Aisyah, M.A., Ph. D., Wakil Rektor III (Bidang Kemahasiswaan dan kerja sama), atas kepemimpinan dan kebijakannya yang telah memberikan banyak kesempatan dan fasilitas kepada kami demi kelancaran dalam proses penyelesaian studi kami. 3. Dr. H. Barsihannor, M.Ag., sebagai Dekan Fakultas Adab dan Humaniora UIN Alauddin Makassar beserta jajaran Bapak/Ibu Wakil Dekan I Dr. Abd. Rahman R, M.Ag., Wakil Dekan II Dr. Hj. Syamzan Syukur, M.Ag., dan Wakil Dekan III H. Muhammad Nur Akbar Rasyid, S.Pd., M.Pd., M.Ed., Ph.D., atas kesempatan dan fasilitas yang diberikan kepada kami selama dalam proses perkuliahan sampai menyelesaikan studi. 4. Dra.Hj. Soraya Rasyid,M.Pd., dan Drs. Rahmat, M.Pd.I., masing-masing sebagai pembimbing pertama dan kedua, yang telah meluangkan waktu dan penuh perhatian memberikan bimbingan, petunjuk serta saran-saran yang sangat membantu sehingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan skripsi ini dengan baik. 5. Dr. H. M. Dahlan M, M. Ag., dan Dr. Nasruddin, M.M., masing-masing sebagai penguji pertama dan kedua, yang senantiasa memberikan masukan serta saran-saran yang sangat membantu sehingga penulis menyelesaikan skripsi ini dengan baik. 6. Drs. Rahmat, M.Pd.I. dan Dr. Abu Haif, M. Hum., sebagai Ketua dan Sekretaris Jurusan Sejarah dan Kebudayaan Islam Fakultas Adab dan Humaniora UIN Alauddin Makassar, atas kearifan dan ketulusan serta banyak memberikan arahan dan motivasi akademik. 6. Para Bapak/Ibu Dosen dan Asisten Dosen serta segenap karyawan/karyawati Fakultas Adab dan Humaniora UIN Alauddin Makassar yang telah banyak v berinteraksi kepada kami dalam proses perkuliahan di Jurusan Sejarah dan Kebudayaan Islam dan telah memberikan bantuan pelayanan kepada penulis sehingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan skripsi ini. 7. Sahabat-sahabat di Jurusan dan Kebudayaan Islam, khususnya angkatan 2014 terima kasih atas perjuangan dan kebersamaannya serta bantuannya selama penyususnan skripsi. 8. Terakhir kepada seluruh pihak yang tidak dapat disebutkan satu persatu terima kasih atas bantuannya memperlancar penulis selama penulisan skripsi. Sekali lagi terima kasih terhadap semua pihak yang telah berpartisipasi dalam proses penyusunan skripsi ini, penulis sangat-sangat mengucapkan terima kasih, semoga jasa-jasa baik dan bantuan dari semua pihak mendapatkan imbalan pahala yang berlipat, dan semoga skripsi ini bermanfaat adanya untuk almamater, pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan, agama, masyarakat dan bangsa Indonesia. Semoga Ridha Allah SWT., senantiasa menyertai kita. Amin. Waalaikumsalam Warohmatullahi Wabarokatuh. Samata, 18 Juli 2018 M. 05 Dzulqa’dah 1439 H. Penulis Novian Dwi Cahyo vi DAFTAR ISI HALAMAN JUDUL……………………………………………………………...i PERNYATAAN KEASLIAN SKRIPSI………………………………………...ii PENGESAHAN SKRIPSI………………………………………………………iii KATA PENGANTAR………………………………………………………..iv-vi DAFTAR ISI………………………………………………………………..vii-viii ABSTRAK……………………………………………………………………….ix BAB I PENDAHULUAN……………………………………………………..1-15 A. Latar Belakang Masalah……………………………………………….1 B. Rumusan Masalah……………………………………………………..8 C. Fokus Penelitian dan Deskripsi Fokus………………………………..9 D. Tinjaun Pustaka………………………………………………………10 E. Metodologi Penelitian………………………………………………..12 F. Tujuan dan Kegiatan Penelitian……………………………………...15 BAB II LATAR BELAKANG KEHIDUPAN H. SAMANHUDI………..17-23 A. Kelahiran H. Samanhudi……………………………………………..17 B. Pendidikan dan Karir………………………………………………...20 C. Karakteristik dan Sikap Hidup……………………………………….23 BAB III USAHA-USAHA YANG DILAKUKAN H. SAMANHUDI……28-32 A. Mendirikan Sarekat Dagang Islam…………………………………...28 B. Mengembangkan Sarekat Dagang Islam……………………………..32 vii BAB IV PENGARUH H. SAMANHUDI………………………………….38-53 A. Dalam Bidang Politik………………………………………………...38 B. Dalam Bidang Ekonomi……………………………………………...42 C. Dalam Bidang Agama………………………………………………..52 D. Dalam Bidang Sosial…………………………………………………53 BAB V PENUTUP…………………………………………………………..66-67 A. Kesimpulan…………………………………………………………..66 B. Implikasi……………………………………………………….…….67 DAFTAR PUSTAKA…………………………………………………………...68 lAMPIRAN……………………………………………………………………...70 RIWAYAT HIDUP……………………………………………………………..74 viii ABSTRAK Nama : Novian Dwi Cahyo Nim : 40200114050 Judul : Peranan H. Samanhudi dalam Sarekat Dagang Islam Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkapkan peranan H. Samanhudi selaku tokoh yang berperana dalam mendirikan Sarekat Dagang Islam di Surakarta. Masalah yang diteliti dalam tulisan ini difokuskan pada beberapa hal yaitu : 1) Bagaimana latar belakang kehidupan H. Samanhudi? 2) Bagaimana usaha-usaha H. Samanhudi dalam organisasi Sarekat Dagang Islam? 3) Bagaimana pengaruh H. Samanhudi terhadap masyarakat ? Untuk mengkaji permasalahan tersebut, penelitian ini menggunakan Metode Sejarah untuk mengungkapkan fakta sejarah tentang peranan H. Samanhudi dalam Sarekat Dagang Islam. Untuk menganalisis fakta tersebut peneliti menggunakan pendekatan yang sering digunakan dalam penelitian sejarah, yaitu pendekatan historis, pendekatan sosiologi agama dan pendekatan politik. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa : 1) Haji Samanhudi lahir pada tahun 1878 di Sondakan Laweyang, Solo. H. Samanhudi berasal dari keluarga sederhana. Ketika masih muda, ia bernama Sondakan Hadi dan pendidikan yang pernah di tempuhnya adalah belajar mengaji di Laweyang Surakarta, belajar ilmu Agama di Kiai Djodjerno di Surabaya, belajar di Sekolah Dasar Bumiputra kelas satu dan belajar di sekolah dasar bumiputra kelas satu. Kira-kira pada usia 20 tahun, Sudarno Hadi menikah dengan Sugina dan istri keduanya yang bernama Martinah. 2) Usaha-usaha yang dilakukan H. Samanhudi ialah mendirikan Sarekat Dagang Islam yang bertujuan mengupas monopoli Belanda dari pedagang Cina, menghidupkan kegiatan ekonomi pedagang Islam dan mengembangkan jiwa dagang. 3) Adapun pengaruh H. Samanhudi terhadap masyarakat yaitu dalam bidang politik, bidang ekonomi, bidang agama, dan bidang sosial. Implikasi penelitian pertama, menambah pengetahuan masyarakat tentang seorang tokoh yaitu H. Samanhudi yang membangun perekonomian pribumi dikalangan masayarakat Surakarta. Kedua, menambah pengetahuan masyarakat tentang peranan H. Samanhudi dalam mengupas monopoli Belanda dan mengembangkan jiwa dagang serta menghidupkan kegiatan ekonomi pedagang Islam. Ketiga, semakin menambah keyakinan bahwa dibalik kesuksesan usaha H. Samanhudi dalam mengembangkan jiwa dagang serta menyebarkan agama Islam ada intervensi dari Allah swt., oleh karena itu kita wajib mensyukurinya sebagai umat Muslim dengan melakukan shalat lima waktu, berpuasa, saling menghargai antar umat beragama, suku, budaya dan sebagainya. ix BAB I PENDAHULUAN A. Latar Belakang Masalah Islam merupakan Agama mayoritas di Nusantara terutama di pulau Jawa. Islam di Indonesia sangat penting sebagai sesuatu yang berkembang di masyarakat. Budaya Islam bercampur dengan budaya lokal dengan cara baik dan cepat berkembang di kalangan masyarakat tanpa ada kekerasan dan konflik. Masuknya Islam di Indonesia berkembang dengan pesat melalui jalur perdagangan yang dimana, pedagang tersebut dibawah oleh saudagar Persia, Gujarat, dan Arab. Pedagang yang berdagang di Nusantara
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