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Potential of Mengkarang River As Featured Geotourism in Beding Rejo Village, Merangin Regency Jambi

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Potential of Mengkarang River As Featured Geotourism in Beding Rejo Village, Merangin Regency Jambi PROCEEDING, SEMINAR NASIONAL KEBUMIAN KE-10 PERAN PENELITIAN ILMU KEBUMIAN DALAM PEMBANGUNAN INFRASTRUKTUR DI INDONESIA 13 – 14 SEPTEMBER 2017; GRHA SABHA PRAMANA GEOLOGY AND GEOTREK MENGKARANG: POTENTIAL OF MENGKARANG RIVER AS FEATURED GEOTOURISM IN BEDING REJO VILLAGE, MERANGIN REGENCY JAMBI Muhammad Zelandi1* Dolvi Sasmita1 Putri Dwi Afifah1 Endang Wiwik Dyah Hastuti2 1Mahasiswa Program Studi Teknik Geologi, Fakultas Teknik Universitas Srwiijaya. Jln. Srijaya Negara No. 32 Bukit Besar Palembang 30139 2Program Studi Teknik Geologi, Fakultas Teknik Universitas Srwiijaya. Jln. Srijaya Negara No. 32 Bukit Besar Palembang 30139 *corresponding author: [email protected] ABSTRAK Beding Rejo village, Merangin district, Jambi are drained by Mengkarang river, one of the tributary of Merangin River. This area include to Merangin Geopark, where the Mengkarang River had characteristics of rock ages 290 million years and intruded by 200 million years Granite. There also found fossils like Calamites sp., preserved Log Fossil, ancient Root and some kinds of fossils such as Pecopteris sp., Gigantopteris sp., and Cordadites sp., thus this area known as endemic area and marker of ancient flora fossils which has older age than the other region. It also found a cascading waterfall as result of fairly structural control. Geologically, this area include in Mengkarang Formation age as Paleozoic’s Permian, older than the ages of basins in Sumatra Island, and intruded by Jura’s Granite. Morphologically, Mengkarang River surrounded by eroded hills, create the hidden impression and cause the river preserved well. The river condition, which is not too deep, facillitate the tracking alongside the river and the banks of river, while learning the characteristic of Mengkarang Formation plentiful of endemic fossil of flora and fauna. Geotourism potential here beside have a geological value, also have cultural value which based on local community aspect and support for the development of the area. Kata kunci :Formasi Mengkarang, Geotrek, Calamites sp., Sungai Mengkarang 1. Pendahulan Indonesia memiliki banyak sekali potensi pariwisata yang erat kaitannya dengan kondisi alamnya yang heterogen. Salah satu potensi pariwisata tersebut saat ini tersaji dalam Geowisata. Geowisata adalah konsep pengelolaan yang berkelanjutan dimana terdiri atas tiga pilar utama: Geodiversity, Biodiversity dan Culturediversity terhadap fungsi konservasi dan rencana pengelolaan ruang pada wilayah tersebut (Rosana et al, 2016). Konsep Geowisata sendiri telah banyak diterapkan di beberapa wilayah di Indonesia, salah satunya pada Geopark Merangin di Provinsi Jambi. Geopark Merangin saat ini telah menjadi Geopark nasional dan diajukan menjadi salah satu anggota World Geopark (GGN) UNESCO, dimana bersama berbagai pihak kawasan ini terus berbenah baik secara infrastruktur maupun promosi. Salah satu objek geowisata yang ada didalamnya adalah Sungai Mengkarang. Sungai Mengkarang merupakan salah satu anak sungai Merangin yang dapat ditempuh selama 45 menit dari Kota Bangko, ibukota Kabupaten Merangin Provinsi Jambi dengan menggunakan kendaraan bermotor. 1916 PROCEEDING, SEMINAR NASIONAL KEBUMIAN KE-10 PERAN PENELITIAN ILMU KEBUMIAN DALAM PEMBANGUNAN INFRASTRUKTUR DI INDONESIA 13 – 14 SEPTEMBER 2017; GRHA SABHA PRAMANA Selain akses yang telah baik, daerah ini memiliki potensi objek pembelajaran geologi yang cukup baik apalagi membahas mengenai sedimen Pratersier yang tidak umum di wilayah Indonesia Barat. Menurut van Waveren et al (2005),Suwarna et al (1992) dan Suwarna (2006), daerah ini memiliki umur Permian Awal hingga Permian Akhir dengan ciri utama adanya fosil-fosil tumbuhan dan batubara pada beberapa lokasi disertai intrusi Tantan pada Jura. Adapun penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan analisis wilayah sungai Mengkarang sebagai objek Geotrek sekaligus alternatif objek geowisata selain kawasan lainnya di kompleks Geopark Merangin tersebut. Kemudian bertujuan untuk memperkenalkan Sungai Mengkarang dengan kelebihannya dalam menyingkap Formasi berumur 290 Juta tahun yang cukup lengkap dan berada pada lokalitas yang tak begitu jauh antar objek geologi tersebut. 2. Metode dan Batasan Penelitian Pada penelitian ini metode yang digunakan adalah analisis menggunakan kotak Geowisata menurut Brahmantyo (2013), dimana dilakukan analisis berdasarkan kondisi wisata, geologi sejarah, proses, faktor pendukung geologi dasar dan bentukannya. Lalu dilakukan pengamatan dan deskripsi data singkapan di lapangan berupa kedudukan lapisan, interpretasi litologi, pembuatan profil serta pengambilan sampel percontoan pada beberapa lokasi. 3. Hasil dan Pembahasan 3. 1. Kondisi Geologi dan Geomorfologi Regional Geomorfologi daerah penelitian memiliki bentuk lahan asal denudasional berupa perbukitan terkikis dengan kemiringan lereng bervariasi dari miring (40-80) pada wilayah sebelum masuk sungai Mengkarang dan agak curam (80-160) pada tepian Sungai Mengkarang. Hal tersebut membuat daerah ini cukup baik dan dapat mempreservasi singkapan-singkapan batuan yang ada di tepian sungai Mengkarang. Kemudian kondisi sungai Mengkarang ini secara geologi tersusun oleh satuan-satuan batuan yang terdiri atas Formasi Mengkarang (Pm), Granit Tantan (TRJgr) dan Formasi Kasai (QTk) (Gambar 1.). Formasi Mengkarang menurut van Waveren et al (2005) merupakan endapan yang terbentuk pada periode regresi air laut pada Gondwana dengan kondisi paleogeografi endapan meander dengan endapan Flood plain dominan pada bagian atas dan endapan lakustrin pada bagian bawah formasi (Oktariadi dan Suhendar, 2016). Hal tersebut menyebabkan banyaknya fosil tumbuhan dan fauna yang terendapkan pada formasi ini. Adapun litologi Formasi Mengkarang antara lain perselingan batupasir, batulanau, batulempung, serpih, tuf dan konglomerat dengan sisipan batugamping dan batubara (Suwarna et al, 1992) Kemudian Granit Tantan terbentuk pada periode Trias Akhir hingga Jura Awal yang juga bertepatan dengan proses pembentukan Basement Pulau Sumatera yang mana rangkaian intrusi Granitik tersebut terlacak hingga ke selatan tepatnya daerah Tekana, Sumatera Selatan. Adapun litologinya berupa granit berwarna putih kaya kuarsa yang mengalami pengkekaran cukup intensif dengan dijumpainya Shear Joint dan Tensional Joint yang diakibat proses tektonik pulau Sumatera selama zaman Tersier. Lalu Formasi Kasai memiliki umur Kuarter yang mana diwakilkan oleh endapan- endapan batupasir, batulempung tufan dengan adanya kayu terkersikkan pada beberapa 1917 PROCEEDING, SEMINAR NASIONAL KEBUMIAN KE-10 PERAN PENELITIAN ILMU KEBUMIAN DALAM PEMBANGUNAN INFRASTRUKTUR DI INDONESIA 13 – 14 SEPTEMBER 2017; GRHA SABHA PRAMANA lokasi dan tufa yang terkonsolidasi. Penyebaran Formasi Kasai cukup luas dan dominan pada Subcekungan Jambi dan bersifat sebagai litologi paling muda dari daerah telitian. 3. 2. Lokasi Pengamatan Adapun lokasi-lokasi pengamatan yang telah diketahui ada 7 titik, dimana titik-titik tersebut dapat bertambah seiring berjalannya waktu dan pengembangan penelitian dari wilayah ini. Ketercapaian dari lokasi terdekat adalah sekitar 45 menit dengan berjalan kaki, dimana kondisi jalan adalah jalan tanah hingga jalan setapak berupa turunan agar mencapai lokasi sungai Mengkarang. Waktu tempuh keseluruhan lokasi dapat dilakukan selama 1 hari penuh dengan estimasi berhenti per lokasi sekitar 60 menit. Rute yang ditempuh adalah Beding Rejo-Sungai Mengkarang-Beding Rejo atau Beding Rejo-Sungai Mengkarang-Teluk Wangsakti yang jaraknya sekitar 3,5 km dari lokasi sungai Mengkarang dan waktu tempuhnya tentu lebih lama. 3. 2. 1.Kontak Basalt-Batulempung Pada Lokasi ini ditemukan kontak topset batulempung dengan basalt, yang mana batasnya tegas. Kemudian ditemukan adanya struktur berupa Normal Fault yang mana terlihat cukup banyak struktur kekar (Tensional Joint, Shear Joint dan Breksiasi) disini. Basalt, pada LP ini terdapat hamparan batuan basalt yang memiliki warna fresh hitamdan warna lapuk abu-abu kehitaman, sementara batulempung berwarna abu-abu kehitaman dan memiliki struktur primer bersisik dan kekar gerus dan tarik juga ditemukan di singkapan ini sebagai struktur sekunder. Pada daerah ini juga terdapat zona breksiasi yang disebabkan oleh adanya struktur sesar pada tebing yang menerus ke hilir sungai. Arah breaksiasi N 010˚ E. Lalu terlihat awalnya terlipat kemudian telah mencapai batas elastisitas dan mematah, yang juga dipengaruhi oleh litologinya. 3. 2. 2.Fosil Jejak Organisme(Gambar 2.) Di lokasi ini terdapat singkapan yang mengandung fosil jejak kerang berupa cast danexternal mold yang tercetak pada permukaan batuan sedimen berupa batulempung. Adapun pada fosil jejak dapat diketahui berasal dari Filum Brachiopoda dan Filum Mollusca, yang mana terlihat adanya bekas cangkang pada lapisan sedimen dalam kondisi yang melimpah. 3. 2. 3.Fosil Impresi Tumbuhan(Gambar 3.) Pada Lokasi ini terdapat fosil jejakberupa Impression berupa fosil-fosil daun yang berukuran 30cmx5cm.Fosil impression merupakan jejak-jejak organisme yang memiliki relief rendah yang terjadi ketika objek jatuh pada sedimen halus. Apabila dibandingkan kenampakannya dengan beberapa kenampakan dari sumber, maka dapat dikatakan fosil ini adalah fosil daun Pecopteris yang jika dibandingkan dengan tanaman pada zaman sekarang mirip dengan tumbuhan paku.Kemudian disana terlihat adanya fosil batang yang apabila dilihat morfologinya serupa dengan Calamites. 3. 2. 4.Perselingan Batupasir-Serpih Pada lokasi ini terdapat Batupasir dan sisipan Shale dengan kedudukan N035˚E/15˚. Batupasir berwarna kecoklatan dalam keadaan lapuk
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