Congressional Record—House H8559

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Congressional Record—House H8559 October 29, 2019 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H8559 Curtis Joyce (PA) Rogers (AL) Crow Kim Porter Luetkemeyer Rice (SC) Stewart Davidson (OH) Katko Rogers (KY) Cuellar Kind Pressley Marshall Riggleman Taylor Davis, Rodney Keller Rooney (FL) Cunningham Kirkpatrick Price (NC) Massie Roby Thompson (PA) DesJarlais Kelly (MS) Rose, John W. Davids (KS) Krishnamoorthi Quigley Mast Rodgers (WA) Thornberry Diaz-Balart Kelly (PA) Rouzer Davis (CA) Kuster (NH) Raskin McCarthy Roe, David P. Tipton Duncan King (IA) Roy Davis, Danny K. Lamb Rice (NY) McCaul Rogers (AL) Turner Dunn King (NY) Rutherford Dean Langevin Richmond McClintock Rogers (KY) Upton Emmer Kinzinger Scalise DeFazio Larsen (WA) Rose (NY) McHenry Rooney (FL) Wagner Estes Kustoff (TN) Schweikert McKinley Rose, John W. DeGette Larson (CT) Rouda Walberg Ferguson LaHood Scott, Austin DeLauro Lawrence Roybal-Allard Meadows Rouzer Walden Fitzpatrick LaMalfa Sensenbrenner DelBene Lawson (FL) Ruiz Meuser Roy Walker Fleischmann Lamborn Shimkus Delgado Lee (CA) Ruppersberger Mitchell Rutherford Walorski Flores Latta Simpson Demings Lee (NV) Rush Moolenaar Scalise Fortenberry Lesko Smith (MO) DeSaulnier Levin (CA) Sa´ nchez Mooney (WV) Schweikert Waltz Foxx (NC) Long Smith (NE) Deutch Levin (MI) Sarbanes Mullin Scott, Austin Watkins Fulcher Loudermilk Smith (NJ) Dingell Lewis Schakowsky Murphy (NC) Sensenbrenner Weber (TX) Gallagher Lucas Smucker Doggett Lieu, Ted Schiff Newhouse Shimkus Webster (FL) Gianforte Luetkemeyer Spano Doyle, Michael Lipinski Schneider Norman Simpson Wenstrup Gibbs Marshall Stauber F. Loebsack Schrader Nunes Smith (MO) Westerman Gohmert Massie Stefanik Engel Lofgren Schrier Olson Smith (NE) Wilson (SC) Gonzalez (OH) Mast Steil Escobar Lowenthal Scott (VA) Palazzo Smith (NJ) Wittman Gooden McCarthy Steube Eshoo Lowey Scott, David Palmer Smucker Womack Gosar McCaul Stewart Espaillat Luja´ n Serrano Pence Spano Woodall Granger McClintock Stivers Evans Luria Sewell (AL) Perry Stauber Yoho Graves (GA) McHenry Taylor Finkenauer Lynch Shalala Posey Stefanik Young Graves (LA) McKinley Thompson (PA) Fletcher Malinowski Sherman Reed Steil Zeldin Graves (MO) Meadows Thornberry Foster Maloney, Sherrill Reschenthaler Steube Green (TN) Meuser Tipton Fudge Carolyn B. Sires Griffith Miller Torres Small Gallego Maloney, Sean Slotkin NOT VOTING—23 Grothman Mitchell (NM) Garamendi Matsui Smith (WA) Bass Hill (CA) Scanlon Guest Moolenaar Turner Garcı´a (IL) McAdams Soto Beatty Huffman Stivers Guthrie Mooney (WV) Upton Garcia (TX) McBath Spanberger Burgess Jordan Thompson (CA) Hagedorn Mullin Wagner Golden McCollum Speier Carter (TX) Marchant Timmons Harris Murphy (NC) Walberg Gomez McGovern Stanton Cartwright McEachin Wasserman Hartzler Newhouse Walden Gonzalez (TX) McNerney Stevens Frankel Miller Schultz Hern, Kevin Norman Walker Gottheimer Meeks Suozzi Gabbard Ratcliffe Williams Herrera Beutler Nunes Walorski Green, Al (TX) Meng Swalwell (CA) Hice (GA) Ryan Wright Higgins (LA) Olson Waltz Grijalva Moore Takano Hill (AR) Palazzo Watkins Haaland Morelle Thompson (MS) b 1416 Holding Palmer Weber (TX) Harder (CA) Moulton Titus Hollingsworth Pence Webster (FL) Hastings Mucarsel-Powell Tlaib So the resolution was agreed to. Horn, Kendra S. Perry Wenstrup Hayes Murphy (FL) Tonko The result of the vote was announced Hudson Posey Westerman Heck Nadler Torres (CA) Huizenga Reed Wilson (SC) Higgins (NY) Napolitano Torres Small as above recorded. Hunter Reschenthaler Wittman Himes Neal (NM) A motion to reconsider was laid on Hurd (TX) Rice (SC) Womack Horn, Kendra S. Neguse Trahan the table. Johnson (LA) Riggleman Woodall Horsford Norcross Trone Johnson (OH) Roby Yoho Houlahan O’Halleran Underwood f Johnson (SD) Rodgers (WA) Young Hoyer Ocasio-Cortez Van Drew Joyce (OH) Roe, David P. Zeldin Jackson Lee Omar Vargas COMMUNICATION FROM THE Jayapal Pallone Veasey NOT VOTING—18 Jeffries Panetta Vela CLERK OF THE HOUSE Bass Hill (CA) Ratcliffe Johnson (GA) Pappas Vela´ zquez The SPEAKER pro tempore laid be- Beatty Huffman Ryan Johnson (TX) Pascrell Visclosky Carter (TX) Jordan Thompson (CA) Kaptur Payne Waters fore the House the following commu- Cartwright Marchant Timmons Keating Perlmutter Watson Coleman nication from the Clerk of the House of Gabbard McEachin Williams Kelly (IL) Peters Welch Representatives: Hice (GA) Moulton Wright Kennedy Peterson Wexton Khanna Phillips Wild OFFICE OF THE CLERK, b 1409 Kildee Pingree Wilson (FL) HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, Kilmer Pocan Yarmuth Washington, DC, October 29, 2019. So the previous question was ordered. Hon. NANCY PELOSI, The result of the vote was announced NAYS—187 The Speaker, House of Representatives, as above recorded. Abraham Comer Guest Washington, DC. The SPEAKER pro tempore (Mr. Aderholt Conaway Guthrie DEAR MADAM SPEAKER: Pursuant to the CUELLAR). The question is on the reso- Allen Cook Hagedorn permission granted in Clause 2(h) of Rule II Amash Crawford Harris of the Rules of the U.S. House of Representa- lution. Amodei Crenshaw Hartzler The question was taken; and the tives, the Clerk received the following mes- Armstrong Curtis Hern, Kevin sage from the Secretary of the Senate on Oc- Speaker pro tempore announced that Arrington Davidson (OH) Herrera Beutler tober 29, 2019, at 10:58 a.m.: the ayes appeared to have it. Babin Davis, Rodney Higgins (LA) Bacon DesJarlais Hill (AR) That the Senate passed S. 134. Mrs. LESKO. Mr. Speaker, on that I Baird Diaz-Balart Holding With best wishes, I am, demand the yeas and nays. Balderson Duncan Hollingsworth Sincerely, The yeas and nays were ordered. Banks Dunn Hudson CHERYL L. JOHNSON. The SPEAKER pro tempore. This is a Barr Emmer Huizenga Bergman Estes Hunter f 5-minute vote. Biggs Ferguson Hurd (TX) The vote was taken by electronic de- Bilirakis Fitzpatrick Johnson (LA) AFFIRMING THE UNITED STATES vice, and there were—yeas 221, nays Bishop (NC) Fleischmann Johnson (OH) Bishop (UT) Flores Johnson (SD) RECORD ON THE ARMENIAN 187, not voting 23, as follows: Bost Fortenberry Joyce (OH) GENOCIDE [Roll No. 590] Brady Foxx (NC) Joyce (PA) Brooks (AL) Fulcher Katko Mr. ENGEL. Mr. Speaker, pursuant YEAS—221 Brooks (IN) Gaetz Keller to House Resolution 655, I call up the Adams Brown (MD) Clark (MA) Buchanan Gallagher Kelly (MS) resolution (H. Res. 296) affirming the Aguilar Brownley (CA) Clarke (NY) Buck Gianforte Kelly (PA) United States record on the Armenian Allred Bustos Clay Bucshon Gibbs King (IA) Axne Butterfield Cleaver Budd Gohmert King (NY) Genocide and ask for its immediate Barraga´ n Carbajal Clyburn Burchett Gonzalez (OH) Kinzinger consideration in the House. Bera Ca´ rdenas Cohen Byrne Gooden Kustoff (TN) The Clerk read the title of the resolu- Beyer Carson (IN) Connolly Calvert Gosar LaHood Bishop (GA) Case Cooper Carter (GA) Granger LaMalfa tion. Blumenauer Casten (IL) Correa Chabot Graves (GA) Lamborn The SPEAKER pro tempore. Pursu- Blunt Rochester Castor (FL) Costa Cheney Graves (LA) Latta ant to House Resolution 655, the resolu- Bonamici Castro (TX) Courtney Cline Graves (MO) Lesko tion is considered read. Boyle, Brendan Chu, Judy Cox (CA) Cloud Green (TN) Long F. Cicilline Craig Cole Griffith Loudermilk The text of the resolution is as fol- Brindisi Cisneros Crist Collins (GA) Grothman Lucas lows: VerDate Sep 11 2014 05:40 Oct 30, 2019 Jkt 099060 PO 00000 Frm 00017 Fmt 7634 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A29OC7.008 H29OCPT1 SSpencer on DSKBBXCHB2PROD with HOUSE H8560 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE October 29, 2019 H. RES. 296 The gentleman from New York (Mr. Mr. Speaker, in the year 2000, and Whereas the United States has a proud his- ENGEL) and the gentleman from New again in the year 2015, I chaired two tory of recognizing and condemning the Ar- Jersey (Mr. SMITH) each will control 30 congressional hearings on the Arme- menian Genocide, the killing of 1.5 million minutes. nian genocide. In 2000, the House was Armenians by the Ottoman Empire from 1915 The Chair recognizes the gentleman moving to pass a bipartisan resolution to 1923, and providing relief to the survivors from New York. of the campaign of genocide against Arme- by Congressmen Radanovich and nians, Greeks, Assyrians, Chaldeans, GENERAL LEAVE Bonior, H. Res. 398. Syriacs, Arameans, Maronites, and other Mr. ENGEL. Mr. Speaker, I ask unan- After hearing fact-based, eloquent Christians; imous consent that all Members may testimony from Congressmen James Whereas the Honorable Henry Morgenthau, have 5 legislative days in which to re- Rogan and David Bonior, followed by United States Ambassador to the Ottoman vise and extend their remarks and to the State Department, history profes- Empire from 1913 to 1916, organized and led insert extraneous material on H. Res. sors, and then witnesses from both the protests by officials of many countries 296. Armenian and the Turkish side, my against what he described as the empire’s The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there ‘‘campaign of race extermination’’, and was subcommittee successfully marked up instructed on July 16, 1915, by United States objection to the request of the gen- H. Res. 398 for consideration by the full Secretary of State Robert Lansing that the tleman from New York? committee. ‘‘Department approves your procedure . There was no objection. Ambassador Marc Grossman, how- to stop Armenian persecution’’; Mr. ENGEL. Mr. Speaker, I yield my- ever, testified at the hearing that Whereas President Woodrow Wilson en- self such time as I may consume. President Bill Clinton was against the couraged the formation of the Near East Re- Mr. Speaker, the resolution before us Armenian genocide resolution.
Recommended publications
  • A Matter of Comparison: the Holocaust, Genocides and Crimes Against Humanity an Analysis and Overview of Comparative Literature and Programs
    O C A U H O L S T L E A C N O N I T A A I N R L E T L N I A R E E M C E M B R A N A Matter Of Comparison: The Holocaust, Genocides and Crimes Against Humanity An Analysis And Overview Of Comparative Literature and Programs Koen Kluessien & Carse Ramos December 2018 International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance A Matter of Comparison About the IHRA The International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance (IHRA) is an intergovernmental body whose purpose is to place political and social leaders’ support behind the need for Holocaust education, remembrance and research both nationally and internationally. The IHRA (formerly the Task Force for International Cooperation on Holocaust Education, Remembrance and Research, or ITF) was initiated in 1998 by former Swedish Prime Minister Göran Persson. Persson decided to establish an international organisation that would expand Holocaust education worldwide, and asked former president Bill Clinton and former British prime minister Tony Blair to join him in this effort. Persson also developed the idea of an international forum of governments interested in discussing Holocaust education, which took place in Stockholm between 27–29 January 2000. The Forum was attended by the representatives of 46 governments including; 23 Heads of State or Prime Ministers and 14 Deputy Prime Ministers or Ministers. The Declaration of the Stockholm International Forum on the Holocaust was the outcome of the Forum’s deliberations and is the foundation of the International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance. The IHRA currently has 31 Member Countries, 10 Observer Countries and seven Permanent International Partners.
    [Show full text]
  • Bosnia-Herzegovina Social Briefing: Bosnian Genocide Denial Ivica Bakota
    ISSN: 2560-1601 Vol. 17, No. 3 (BH) April 2019 Bosnia-Herzegovina social briefing: Bosnian genocide denial Ivica Bakota 1052 Budapest Petőfi Sándor utca 11. +36 1 5858 690 Kiadó: Kína-KKE Intézet Nonprofit Kft. [email protected] Szerkesztésért felelős személy: Chen Xin Kiadásért felelős személy: Huang Ping china-cee.eu 2017/01 Bosnian genocide denial Bosnian Genocide denial is believed to be intentional act of Republika Srpska and (to a certain extent) Serbian authorities of denying the planned systematic genocide of 6000 to 7000 Bosniaks from Eastern Bosnia following the siege and capture of Srebrenica by the Srpska Army in July 1995. Serb politicians generally deny the genocide perpetrated against Bosniaks during the Bosnian war, refute claims that Srebrenica massacre constitutes a genocide, revise a number of soldiers and civilians killed during and in the aftermath of the 1995 Srebrenica siege (arguing that the total number of killed did not exceed a half of the number claimed by Bosniak side) and even claim that the genocide is perpetrated against the Serbs during the course of the Bosnian war. As a form of denialism, it can be compared to similar non-mainstream historical revisionisms such as Armenian Genocide denial and Holocaust denial. In generally accepted view shared among foreign experts and historians, however, the Srebrenica massacre is considered as the biggest genocide that occurred in Europe after WWII. A fact exacerbating the controversy of the Bosnian genocide is that it happened relatively soon, only 24 years ago, hence is not (yet) unanimously acknowledged as a historical fact by historians and genocide scholars alike.
    [Show full text]
  • Who Are Christians in the Middle East?
    Who Are Christians in the Middle East? Seven Churches, each bearing a great and ancient history with Patriarch, who chose as his patriarchal seat the monastery at unique liturgical traditions and culture, comprise the Catho- Bzommar, Lebanon. After a brief relocation to Constantinople, lic Church in the Middle East. Each of these Churches is in the Patriarch of Cilicia of Armenian Catholics returned his seat full communion with Rome, but six with an Eastern tradition to Bzommar, with his residence and offices in Beirut, Lebanon. are sui iuris, or self-governing, and have their own Patriarchs. The Chaldean Catholic Church has almost 500,000 mem- All these Churches are Arabic-speaking and immersed in Ar- bers, with about 60 percent residing in the Middle East. The abic culture. Chaldeans are historically concentrated in Iraq as they came The Maronite Catholic Church is the largest of the East- from the Assyrian Church of the East. In 1552, a group of As- ern Catholic Churches in the Middle East at around 3 million syrian bishops decided to seek union with Rome. Although members. It has a strong presence in Lebanon, with smaller Pope Julius III proclaimed Patriarch Simon VIII Patriarch “of communities in Syria, Jordan, Cyprus, and the Holy Land. the Chaldeans,” pro- and anti-Catholic parties struggled with- However, slightly over half its members have emigrated from in the Assyrian Church of the East until 1830, when another the Middle East to countries such as Argentina, Brazil, Aus- Chaldean Patriarch was appointed. The Patriarch of Babylon of tralia, Mexico, Canada, and the United States.
    [Show full text]
  • Dositheos Notaras, the Patriarch of Jerusalem (1669-1707), Confronts the Challenges of Modernity
    IN SEARCH OF A CONFESSIONAL IDENTITY: DOSITHEOS NOTARAS, THE PATRIARCH OF JERUSALEM (1669-1707), CONFRONTS THE CHALLENGES OF MODERNITY A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA BY Christopher George Rene IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Adviser Theofanis G. Stavrou SEPTEMBER 2020 © Christopher G Rene, September 2020 i Acknowledgements Without the steadfast support of my teachers, family and friends this dissertation would not have been possible, and I am pleased to have the opportunity to express my deep debt of gratitude and thank them all. I would like to thank the members of my dissertation committee, who together guided me through to the completion of this dissertation. My adviser Professor Theofanis G. Stavrou provided a resourceful outlet by helping me navigate through administrative channels and stay on course academically. Moreover, he fostered an inviting space for parrhesia with vigorous dialogue and intellectual tenacity on the ideas of identity, modernity, and the role of Patriarch Dositheos. It was in fact Professor Stavrou who many years ago at a Slavic conference broached the idea of an Orthodox Commonwealth that inspired other academics and myself to pursue the topic. Professor Carla Phillips impressed upon me the significance of daily life among the people of Europe during the early modern period (1450-1800). As Professor Phillips’ teaching assistant for a number of years, I witnessed lectures that animated the historical narrative and inspired students to question their own unique sense of historical continuity and discontinuities. Thank you, Professor Phillips, for such a pedagogical example.
    [Show full text]
  • Between the Syriac Heritage and the Papacy. the Cultural Influence and Contribution of the Maronite Church to the Growth of the Middle East in the 14ᵗʰ–19ᵗʰ Centuries
    ORIENTALIA CHRISTIANA CRACOVIENSIA 2 (2010) Krzysztof Kościelniak Pontifical University of John Paul II in Kraków Between the Syriac heritage and the Papacy. The cultural influence and contribution of the Maronite Church to the growth of the Middle East in the 14ᵗʰ–19ᵗʰ centuries The Maronites are proud of their Syriac roots and cultural connections with the West.1 The question arises: in what areas did the Syriac Christian community constitute a bridge between the East and the West? Although not all critical remarks of Kamāl Ṣalībī (b. 1929) on the Maronite view of history are accepted without reservation, his remark that “the awareness of the historic truth (wa’y al-ḥaqīqa at-tārīḫīya) constitutes the ultimate foundation for the possibility to build a healthy society”2 seems valuable. The postulate of the verification of over-interpretation is always valid, nevertheless the discussion: what is a myth (al-asāṭīr) and what is the truth in the history of Lebanon continues.3 The analysis of the cultural heritage of the Maronites will let us establish to which degree the activities of the Maronites from the 15ᵗʰ till the 19ᵗʰ centuries prepared many processes in the Middle East in the modern times. The history 1 See for example the statement of Yūnāna Abīda: ماهي عﻻقة الموارنة بالغرب؟ ماذا قدمت الكنيسة الغربية للكنيسة المارونية وبالعكس؟ مع مجيء الصليبيين في نهاية القرن الحادي عشر خرج الموارنة من عزلتهم وعاودوا اﻹتصال بروما الذي بفضل انفتاحها عليهم اكتشفت طقساً جديداً سريانياً وكاثوليكياً. ثم جاء تأسيس المدرسة المارونية في روما 4851 صار هناك تواصل وتبادل عﻻقات واتصاﻻت وحصل ازدهار دام حتى القرن الثامن عشر.
    [Show full text]
  • The Migration of Syrian and Palestinian Populations in the 7Th Century: Movement of Individuals and Groups in the Mediterranean
    Chapter 10 The Migration of Syrian and Palestinian Populations in the 7th Century: Movement of Individuals and Groups in the Mediterranean Panagiotis Theodoropoulos In 602, the Byzantine emperor Maurice was dethroned and executed in a mili- tary coup, leading to the takeover of Phokas. In response to that, the Sasanian Great King Khosrow ii (590–628), who had been helped by Maurice in 591 to regain his throne from the usurper Bahram, launched a war of retribution against Byzantium. In 604 taking advantage of the revolt of the patrikios Nars- es against Phokas, he captured the city of Dara. By 609, the Persians had com- pleted the conquest of Byzantine Mesopotamia with the capitulation of Edes- sa.1 A year earlier, in 608, the Exarch of Carthage Herakleios the Elder rose in revolt against Phokas. His nephew Niketas campaigned against Egypt while his son, also named Herakleios, led a fleet against Constantinople. Herakleios managed to enter the city and kill Phokas. He was crowned emperor on Octo- ber 5, 610.2 Ironically, three days later on October 8, 610, Antioch, the greatest city of the Orient, surrendered to the Persians who took full advantage of the Byzantine civil strife.3 A week later Apameia, another great city in North Syria, came to terms with the Persians. Emesa fell in 611. Despite two Byzantine counter at- tacks, one led by Niketas in 611 and another led by Herakleios himself in 613, the Persian advance seemed unstoppable. Damascus surrendered in 613 and a year later Caesarea and all other coastal towns of Palestine fell as well.
    [Show full text]
  • The Maronite Catholic Church in the Holy Land
    The Maronite Catholic Church in the Holy Land The maronite church of Our Lady of Annunciation in Nazareth Deacon Habib Sandy from Haifa, in Israel, presents in this article one of the Catholic communities of the Holy Land, the Maronites. The Maronite Church was founded between the late 4th and early 5th century in Antioch (in the north of present-day Syria). Its founder, St. Maron, was a monk around whom a community began to grow. Over the centuries, the Maronite Church was the only Eastern Church to always be in full communion of faith with the Apostolic See of Rome. This is a Catholic Eastern Rite (Syrian-Antiochian). Today, there are about three million Maronites worldwide, including nearly a million in Lebanon. Present times are particularly severe for Eastern Christians. While we are monitoring the situation in Syria and Iraq on a daily basis, we are very concerned about the situation of Christians in other countries like Libya and Egypt. It’s true that the situation of Christians in the Holy Land is acceptable in terms of safety, however, there is cause for concern given the events that took place against Churches and monasteries, and the recent fire, an act committed against the Tabgha Monastery on the Sea of Galilee. Unfortunately in Israeli society there are some Jewish fanatics, encouraged by figures such as Bentsi Gopstein declaring his animosity against Christians and calling his followers to eradicate all that is not Jewish in the Holy Land. This last statement is especially serious and threatens the Christian presence which makes up only 2% of the population in Israel and Palestine.
    [Show full text]
  • The Maronites of Cyprus: from Ethnicism to Transnationalism
    GAMER, I, 1 (2012) s. 61-72 THE MARONITES OF CYPRUS: FROM ETHNICISM TO TRANSNATIONALISM Areti Demosthenous* Özet Maruniler ve Kıbrıs: Etnisizmden Ulus-Ötesiciliğe Bu makalenin amacı, tüm dünyaya yayılmış birçok ülkede çoğunluk nüfus ile birlikte yaşayan, fakat kendi ülkelerine sahip olmayan Marunileri tanıtmaktır. Buna ek olarak, makalede ulus-aşırı nitelikli bu topluluklar hakkında yapılan çalışmaların, Avrupalı ve diğer milletlerde var olan bölgesel çatışmalar ve milliyetçilik tarafından tetiklenen savaşlara karşı, milletlerin bir küresel köy oluşturması amacında alternatif bir arada yaşama modelleri yaratma ve kapalı ulus devletleri aşma yolunda örnek teşkil etmesi de amaçlanmaktadır. Bu çalışma, Marunilerin kimlikleri, özgün Maruni kültürü ile olan iletişimleri ve kimliksel ötekileri ile kültürlerarası çatışmaları hakkında bilgi vermeyi amaçlar. Ayrıca, modern Marunilerin göç yolları, yeni kültürlere adaptasyon yöntemleri ve sorunları da tartışmaya açılacaktır. Son olarak, makalede üzerinde durulacak diğer konu ise azınlık topluluklarının kendi sivil toplumlarını nasıl organize ettikleri ve birer üyesi olmadıkları çoğunluk gruplarının vatandaşlık tartışmalarına nasıl katkıda bulundukları olacaktır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Maruni, azınlık, sivil toplum, kimlik *Director, Institute of Historical Research for Peace, Nicosia CYPRUS. Areti Demosthenous Abstract This article intends to introduce the Maronites, a nation which although spread all over the world, co-exists with the majority population groups in many countries, without having their own state. Moreover, it aims at presenting the research regarding the transnational characteristics of these communities, who might well, be of example for European and other nations, which at a time where regional conflicts and wars instigated by increased nationalism take place, look for alternative models of coexistence and models of transition from the closed nation state to the world global village.
    [Show full text]
  • Penalizing Holocaust Denial: a View from Europe
    Penalizing Holocaust Denial: A View from Europe Aleksandra Gliszczyńska-Grabias* The visual evidence and the verbal testimony of starvation, cruelty and bestiality were so overpowering as to leave me a bit sick. In one room, where [there] were piled up twenty or thirty naked men, killed by starvation, George Patton would not even enter. He said that he would get sick if he did so. I made the visit deliberately, in or- der to be in a position to give first-hand evidence of these things if ever, in the future, there develops a tendency to charge these allegations merely to “propaganda.” 1 General Dwight D. Eisenhower. The alleged Hitlerian gas chambers and the alleged genocide of the Jews form one and the same historical lie, which permitted a gigantic financial swindle whose chief beneficiaries have been the State of Israel and international Zionism, and whose main victims have been the German people and the Palestinian people as a whole. 2 Robert Faurisson. I. INTRODUCTION Incorporating Holocaust denial into the catalogue of issues governed by legal provi- sions, and in particular by the provisions of criminal law, raises a number of under- standable doubts. Aside from the controversies related to the indisputable interference with freedom of speech, there are problems concerning the form of legal provisions that would ban the dissemination of the negationists’ theories, as well as difficulties in guaranteeing the effectiveness and consistency of their proper enforcement.3 * Research Assistant, Poznań Human Rights Centre, Institute of Legal Studies of the Polish Academy of Sciences; Graduate Fellow, Yale Initiative for the Interdisciplinary Study of Anti- semitism (YIISA), Yale University.
    [Show full text]
  • The Holodomor National Awareness Tour: a Reflection on Teaching
    The Councilor: A Journal of the Social Studies Volume 0 Number 1 Article 5 The Holodomor National Awareness Tour: A Reflection on Teaching Alexandra Marchel Canada-Ukraine Foundation, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://thekeep.eiu.edu/the_councilor Part of the Curriculum and Instruction Commons, Educational Methods Commons, and the History Commons Recommended Citation Marchel, Alexandra () "The Holodomor National Awareness Tour: A Reflection on eaching,T " The Councilor: A Journal of the Social Studies: Vol. 0 : No. 1 , Article 5. Available at: https://thekeep.eiu.edu/the_councilor/vol0/iss1/5 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at The Keep. It has been accepted for inclusion in The Councilor: A Journal of the Social Studies by an authorized editor of The Keep. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Marchel: The Holodomor National Awareness Tour: A Reflection on Teaching The Councilor: A Journal of the Social Studies Volume 0, Number 1 REFLECTION The Holodomor National Awareness Tour: A Reflection on Teaching about Genocide Alexandra Marchel, PhD The Holodomor National Awareness Tour (Canada-Ukraine Foundation)1 “Does anyone have any questions?” I asked after finishing my introduction to the lesson. Several students put their heads down and promptly looked at their phones. My eyes must have revealed some concern. Their teacher explained: “They are using Google Translate to help with their English. They recently moved to Canada from Syria.” One student waved me down to show what she had written: “I understand this history. My government is trying to starve our population into submission.” Since 2018, I have been working as program manager and lead educator for the Holodomor National Awareness Tour on their Holodomor Mobile Classroom (HMC).
    [Show full text]
  • Ethnicity and Values Among the Lebanese Public: Findings from Avalues Survey
    ETHNICITY AND VALUES AMONG THE LEBANESE PUBLIC: FINDINGS FROM AVALUES SURVEY Mansoor Moaddel In the spring of 2008, Mansoor Moaddel, in collaboration with researchers in Lebanon— Hilal Khashan, Political Science Professor of American University in Beirut, Johan Gärde from Ersta Sköndal University College/Sweden, and Jean Kors of the International Center for Organizational Development, Beirut, Lebanon—launched the first world values survey in Lebanon. The objective of this project was to understand the mass-level belief systems of the Lebanese public. The project was designed to provide a comprehensive measure of all major areas of human concerns from religion to politics, economics, culture, family, and inter-ethnic and international relations. This survey used a nationally representative sample of 3,039 adults from all sections of Lebanese society. The sample included 954 (31%) Shi’is, 753 (25%) Sunnis, 198 (7%) Druze, 599 (20%) Maronites, 338 (11%) Orthodox, 149 (5%) Catholics, and 48 (2%) respondents belonging to other religions. It covered all six governorates in proportion to size— 960 (32%) from Beirut, 578 (19%) from Mount Lebanon, 621 (20%) from the North, 339 (11%) from Biqqa, and 539 (18%) from the South and Nabatieth. The interviews took approximately 50 minutes to complete and were conducted face-to-face by Lebanese personnel in the respondents’ residences. The total number of completed interviews represented 86% of attempted observations. Data collection started in April 2008 and was completed at the end of September 2008. Turbulent political and security situation in Lebanon in the spring and summer prolonged the survey period. The respondents had an average age of 33 years, 1,694 (55.7%) were male, and 998 (32.8%) had a college degree.
    [Show full text]
  • The Gendering and Racialization of Power in Genocide
    University of Central Florida STARS Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019 2012 Establishing Difference: The Gendering And Racialization Of Power In Genocide Erin E. Welsh University of Central Florida Part of the International Relations Commons Find similar works at: https://stars.library.ucf.edu/etd University of Central Florida Libraries http://library.ucf.edu This Masters Thesis (Open Access) is brought to you for free and open access by STARS. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019 by an authorized administrator of STARS. For more information, please contact [email protected]. STARS Citation Welsh, Erin E., "Establishing Difference: The Gendering And Racialization Of Power In Genocide" (2012). Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019. 2171. https://stars.library.ucf.edu/etd/2171 ESTABLISHING DIFFERENCE: THE GENDERING AND RACIALIZATION OF POWER IN GENOCIDE by ERIN E. WELSH B.A. Randolph-Macon College, 1999 A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in the Department of Political Science in the College of College of Sciences at the University of Central Florida Orlando, Florida Spring Term 2012 © 2012 Erin E. Welsh ii ABSTRACT This thesis is designed to delve deeper into perceptions of identity, specifically gender and racial identity, the power relationship that emerges as each of these switches is reached in the progression towards genocide, and the effects of these perceptions during and after the genocide takes place. The primary question addressed is whether the power relationship that emerges as a result of these pre-genocidal stages becomes gendered and racialized due to perceptions rooted in a male-dominated hierarchy and a belief in the superiority of one ethnicity over another.
    [Show full text]