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The Electro-Physiology-Feeedback Measures of Interstitial Fluids

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The Electro-Physiology-Feeedback Measures of Interstitial Fluids INTERNATIONAL MEDICAL UNIVERSITY The elecTro-Physiology-Feeedback Measures oF inTersTiTial Fluids BY PROFESSOR OF MEDICINE DESIRÉ DUBOUNET IMUNE PRESS 2008 Electro-Physiology -FeedBack Measures of Interstitial Fluids edited by Professor Emeritus Desire’ Dubounet, IMUNE ISBN 978-615-5169-03-8 1 CHAPTER 1 THE ELECTRO-PHYSIOLOGY-FEEDBACK MEASURES OF INTERSTITIAL FLUIDS The interstitial liquid constitutes the true interior volume that bathe the organs of the human body. It is by its presence that all the exchanges between plasma and the cells are performed. With the vascular, lymphatic and nervous systems, it seems to be the fourth communication way of information's between all the cells. No direct methods for sampling interstitial fluid are currently available. The composition of interstitial fluid, which constitutes the environment of the cells and is regulated by the electrical process of electrochemistry. This has previously been sampled by the suction blister or liquid paraffin techniques or by implantation of a perforated capsule or wick. The results have varied, depending on the sampling technique and animal species investigated. In one study, the ion distribution between vascular and interstitial compartments agreed with the Donnan equilibrium; in others, the concentrations of sodium and potassium were higher in interstitial fluid than in plasma. The concentration of protein in interstitial fluid is lower than in plasma, and the free ion activities theoretically differ from those of plasma because of the Donnan effect. In spite of these differences, and for practical reasons only, plasma is used clinically to monitor fluid and electrolytes. The relation between plasma and interstitial fluid is important in treating patients with abnormal plasma volume or homeostasis. However, the publications could establish the following elements: It is deprived of hemoglobin, and poor in proteins. The absence of hemoglobin and poor level of proteins which assumes the mains buffers of the vascular system explains a more acid interstitial pH and the more important interstitial variations from the pH and gases (CO2, PO2, SO2). The regulation is thus ensured by other buffers: Cellular metabolism and in particular the mitochondrial activity and the organic activity. The deficit in anion loads is made up by a more important chlorine concentration than in plasma. The mitochondrial activity is proportional to the concentration of protons (H+) at the interstitial level. The acidity of this volume is compensated by a bicarbonate exit of the intracellular medium towards interstitial fluid and a chlorine entry in the intracellular volume. The concentration of protons and thus the pH will condition the enzymatic activity of all the bodies and thus organic function. The volume of this sector is closely related to the containing sodium pool and its regulation is ensured by the lymphatic system. The exchanges between the vascular sector and the interstitial fluid are complex. The distribution of the electrolytes on each side of the membrane is regulated by “The Donnan equilibrium" explaining why the sodium concentration is more important in the plasmatic sector. Correspondence of the interstitial and blood values: 2 Biochemical Venous Arterial Capillare Interstitial Intracellular blood fluid Na+ mEq/l 130 137 135 130 10 K+ mEq/l 4 4 4 3.17 140 Ca ++ mEq/l 2.5 2.2 2.3 1.55 0.0001 Mg mEq/l 0.64 0.62 0.60 0.50 58 Cl- mEq/l 104 101 103 106 4 HCO3 mEq/l 22 24 23 24 10 P mEq/l 2.5 2.3 2 0.70 75 SO4 mEq/1 0.8 _ 0.6 0.5 0 Glyceria mg / dl 1 1 1.01 0.90 0 a 20 Cholesterol 0.65 0.630 0.676 0.188 0.2 mg/dl 2 Po mmHg 80 90 89 87.2 20 Pco 2 mmHg 46 40 42 46 50 Ph 7.35 7.4 7.35 7.33 7.0 Proteins gm/dl 72 74 73.7 20.6 68 3 As we pointed out in the right hand rule of electronics, as electricity as an electrical entity travels in the direction of, for example, your right thumb. Then for conduction of the electron, there is a magnetic field produced at 90°, and a static field will be produced at another 90°. This electromagnetic and electrostatic combination and its effect on conductance and from conductance is the basis for understanding electrical phenomena. Electrons cannot hit each other, there is too large a charge. Electrons are the outer parts of all atoms and molecules. Thus when I hit the table I cannot make contact with the table. The electrons of my hand cannot hit the electrons of the table. Molecules cannot touch each other either. In fact very few things can contact each other. All of our lives there is powerful electro-magnetic-static fields that interact only thru energy fields. Life as is everything is but a guided set of field interactions. This short description is dedicated to the electron and its action, not the photon that we described in Quantum Biology section will be discussed in another volume.. (It must be pointed out that from QED theory, electrons and photons are interdependent. But let us now investigate electron activity.) French physicist Coulomb laid out a law, which states: "The force of attraction or repulsion between two charged bodies is directly proportional to the product of the charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them." Thus the force can be allowed in the following equation F ~=~ {Q sub 1 ~TIMES~ Q sub 2} over D sup 2 The inverse square law is a dictum of four-dimensional physics. Our ten- dimensional model questions its pervasiveness. Here Q represents the force of the charges, D is the distance, and F is the force in dynes. A coulomb of charge, C, is nearly 3 times 109 esu. The strength of an electrical field will have the equation E ~=~ {9 ~TIMES~ 10 sup 9 ~TIMES~ q} over {R sup 2} This is called the electrical potential. The potential at a point is equal to the work needed to bring one coulomb charge to the point from an infinite distance away. Biology will need to monitor this effect very closely. 4 Medical Criteria Implication Amperage Life force measurements - cellular capacity Indolamine connection (see Voltametry) Voltage Willpower, catecholamine connection (see Voltametry) Resistance Inflammation versus degeneration - reactivity Medication testing (see Electroacupunct ure) Capacitance Charge transfer and storage, voltage and amperage regulation Reactance Variance in capacitance, resistance that determines the ability of the body to react to medication testing Induction Magnetic control, voltage and amperage regulation Worberg's Law Interaction of capacitance and frequency that allows for medication testing Resonant Cancer versus Frequency nervous tendencies (see Mitogenic Radiation) Redox Oxygenation potential (see 5 The Biological Pool) Hydration Water Stability (see Polymorphic Studies) PH, EH Proton-electron transfer (see The Biological Pool) Phase Angle Fricke's law sets boundaries of electroacupunct ure testing An electric potential is thus work per unit of charge. Kinetic energy, which is equivalent to work, is measured in a relationship of force to distance. A gram that is moved at one centimeter per second of velocity is an erg. A kilogram that is moved at one meter per second is known as a joule. When we have a joule per coulomb, this is known as a volt. One volt equals one joule divided by one coulomb. The volt is often a measure of potential energy. It is the difference between two points, between positive and negative charge; thus a six-volt battery with a potential difference of 6 joules or coulombs that can flow from one terminal to the other. Potential difference, thus, is an integral measurement of profound importance in biology and medicine. If the surface of an item has a charge that is stored as potential energy, the ratio of charge to potential is called the capacitance of the body. The basic unit of capacitance is known as the farad, which is one coulomb per volt. If one coulomb of charge added to a body gives it potential of one volt, it has the capacitance of one 6 farad. In a capacitor current is proportional to the rate of change of voltage. Thus capacitance can be measured as a fluctuation in voltage (DV) over a qualitative time. 1~ Farad~ =~ {1~ Coulomb} over {1~ Volt}~~~~~~~~~~{Capacitance~ {dV} over {dT} ~=~ Amps} The farad is a very large unit, measuring a lot of potential. Often in electronics we use micro-farads, or even pico-farads; a micro-farad being 10-6 farads and a pico- farad being 10-12 farads. By having two sheets of a high conductor, such as metal, with an insulating material between them, we can produce a condenser or capacitor. In biology cellular forces will invoke pico-farads. Organismic forces must relate to and control micro-farads. The capacitance of the capacitor is the amount of the electrical charge on its plate divided by the potential difference between its plates. This depends on several factors, such as the area of the plates. If the plates are made larger, greater charge can be put on them. The thickness of the insulating layer is important. The closer the plates are to one another, the greater the amount of charge that is held. It is the strength of the electric fields of the electric plates as they are brought closer together. In biology organs, cells, organ systems, and organisms must store charge to deal with metabolism and growth. The material between the plates will have an influence on the capacitor. These insulators, or non-conductors between the plates, are also known as dielectrics. Biology is filled with membranes that act as storage entities.
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