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George Eliot Also by K.K George Eliot Also by K.K. Collins IDENTIFYING THE REMAINS: GEORGE ELIOT'S DEATH IN THE LONDON RELIGIOUS PRESS George Eliot Interviews and Recollections Edited by K.K. Collins Southern Illinois University Carbondale Selection, editorial matter and introduction © K.K. Collins 2010 Softcover reprint of the hardcover I st edition 20 I 0 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No portion of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted * save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright licensing Agency, Saffron House, 6-10 Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS. Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The author has asserted his right to be identified as the author of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published 2010 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN Palgrave Macmillan in the UK is an imprint of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in England, company number 785998, of Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG2 1 6XS. Palgrave Macmillan in the US is a division of St Martin's Press LLC, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010. Palgrave Macmillan is the global academic imprint of the above companies and has companies and representatives throughout t he world. Palgrave® and Macmillan® are registered trademarks in the United States, the United Kingdom, Europe and other countries. ISBN 978-1-349-432 17-2 ISBN 978-1- 137-08766-9 (eBook) DOI 10.1057/9781137087669 This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. Logging, pulping and manufacturing processes are expected to conform to the environmental regulations of the country of origin. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 Transferred to Digital Printing 20 II. For Margie This page intentionally left blank Contents Acknowledgements viii Abbreviations xi Chronology xiii Introduction xvii Part I Mary Anne Evans, 1819-49 1 Part II An Anonymous London journalist, 1850-53 26 Part III Mrs Lewes Abroad and at Home, 1854-58 43 Part IV George Eliot, 1859-78 53 A Few Good Friends 53 Some Younger Women 60 Publishers 71 Other Personal Meetings 76 Sunday Gatherings at the Priory 87 Out and About in London 122 Eton, Cambridge, and Oxford 140 The Countryside 159 The Continent 177 Vignettes 187 Part V Mrs Lewes Alone, 1878-80 196 Part VI Mrs Cross, 1880 216 Part VII Postscripts, 1880-81 228 Index 235 vii Acknowledgements In the course of working on this collection I have come under many pleas­ ant obligations. Among my colleagues at Southern Illinois University Carbondale I wish to thank Scott McEathron, George Goodin, Michael Molino, Beth Lordan, john Hooker, and Frederick Williams for their good advice. David Gobert and Veronique Maisier helped with French, Frederick Betz and Martin Petith with German, and Frederick Williams with Greek and Latin. I am grateful to them all. From the staff of SIUC's Morris Library, I am especially indebted to Deborah Cordts, Marta Davis, Loretta Koch, David Bond, Harry Davis, Charles Flagg, and Roland Person. Travel to other libraries and archives was made possible by financial support from Southern Illinois University Carbondale, for which I thank Michael Molino, Michael Humphries, john A. Koropchak, and Alan C. Vaux. I am also grateful to Prudence M. Rice for timely counsel. Colleagues at other universities provided generous assistance: Christina Bashford, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Francesca D' Alessandro Behr and Clinton Brand, University of St Thomas; Daniel Brewer, University of Minnesota; Roger Cooke, University of Vermont; Cliff Eisen, King's College London; Kate Flint, Rutgers University; Margaret Harris, University of Sydney; Kerry McSweeney, McGill University; Suzanne Kaufman, Loyola University Chicago; Gerlinde Roder-Bolton, University of Surrey; David Sutton, University of Reading; Angus Trumble, Yale Center for British Art; Alan Walker, McMaster University; and Phyllis Weliver, St Louis University. In London thanks are due to Stephen Humphrey, Southwark Local History Library, and to the staffs of the British Library's Reading Rooms and Manuscripts Reading Room, especially Cynthia Mary Goodwin, Auste Mickunaite, joe Maldonado, Sandra Powlette, and Bart Smith. In Oxford Penelope Bulloch, Alan Tadiello, and jeremy Hinchliff of the Balliol College Library went far out of their ways to assist me, and I thank them most heartily. I am also grateful to Anne Walters of Oxford's Library Services, as well as to Colin Harris of the Bodleian Library and his staff in the Special Collections Reading Rooms. In Cambridge warm thanks are due to Richard Andrewes, Patrick Zutshi, and Godfrey Waller of the University Library, and the staff of its Manuscripts Reading Room; Elizabeth Ennion-Smith and Patricia McGuire of the King's College Archive Centre; Anne Pensaert of the Pendlebury Library of Music; Nicholas Robinson and Marit Gruijs of the Fitzwilliam Museum; and Anne Thomson of Newnham College. The staffs of the following libraries also provided valuable help: Olin Library, Gaylord Music Library, and West Campus Library, Washington viii Acknowledgements ix University in St Louis; the Music Library and the University Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, especially Scott Mann; the New York Public Library, especially David Smith; the Houghton Library, Harvard University, especially Heather Cole, Mary Haegert, and Leslie Morris; the Firestone Library, Princeton University; and the Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Yale University, especially Anne Marie Menta, Morgan Swan, Ellen R. Cordes, and Taran Schindler. Moira Fitzgerald, also of the Beinecke, deserves special mention here. A deeply gratifying part of preparing this volume has been corresponding, by email and post, with so many welcoming persons associated with librar­ ies and archives. I here thank them en bloc for not pressing 'Delete', or turning to the shredder, when my queries appeared. From collections in the United States, I am obliged to Cheryl Adams, Library of Congress; Susan Boone, Neilson Library, Smith College; Tina Marie Doody, Montclair (New Jersey) Public Library; Edward Gaynor, Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia; Teresa L. Gipson, Miller Nichols Library, University of Missouri Kansas City; Sarah Hartwell and Jay Satterfield, Dartmouth College Library; Declan Kiely, Morgan Library and Museum, New York; Jennifer B. Lee, Butler Library, Columbia University; Pat Lyons, Doheny Libraries, St John's Seminary; Lisa Moellering, Fondren Library, Rice University; Amanda Price, Ransom Humanities Research Center, University of Texas; Catherine Reed, Swem Library, College of William and Mary in Virginia; and Gayle M. Richardson, Huntington Library. From collections in Britain, I am obliged to Patricia Collins, Richard Bond, and George Turnbull, Manchester Central Library; Stephen Curry, Surrey Libraries; Andrew Mealey, Coventry History Centre; Michael Meredith, Eton College Library; Carol Robinson, Central Library, Coventry; and Linda Young, Kenilworth Library. For handling my requests with such courteous dispatch, and for supplying copies of materials, I am especially grateful to Sally Harrower, Sheila Mackenzie, and lain G. Brown, National Library of Scotland; Rayanne Byatt, Coventry Libraries; Alison Brisby, Castle Howard Archives; and Grace Timmins, Tennyson Research Centre. Finally, Jane Sutton of the Nuneaton Library provided extraordinary help. I am deeply indebted to her. Other correspondents to whom I am grateful are Donna Anstrey, Yale University Press; Mary Cobeldick, National Library of New Zealand; John Collins, formerly of Maggs Bros; Bill Harding; Emma Whitney Hennessey, Wiley-Blackwell; Angie R. Hogan, University of Virginia Press; Sarah Lewis, Curtis Brown Group; Jennifer Marshall, Inveroran; Anette Miiller, Robert­ Schumann-Haus, Zwickau; Zdzislaw Pietrzyk, Anna Kozlowska, Joanna Kopacz, and Joanna Jaskowiec, Jagiellonian Library, Cracow; Jeff Roth, New York Times; Patricia Schultz and Iona Williams, Mellen Press; Mary Siegel, Alexander Street Press; Michelle Sikkes and Jeanne Holierhoek, Montesquieu Institute; Stewart Spencer; the Hon. Oliver Walston; Maria Wiemers, Greg X Acknowledgements James, and Kevin Leamon, State Library of New South Wales; the Revd Danny Wignall, St Stephen's Shottermill; and Charlotte Yeldham. To the following copyright holders and authorities I gratefully acknowl­ edge permission to publish manuscripts in their rights and possession: Lord Acton; Fr Charles Dilke; Camilla Hornby; the Hon. Simon Howard; the British Library Board; the Houghton Library, Harvard University; the Jagiellonian Library; the Jowett Copyright Trustees; the Provost and Fellows of Eton College; the Sophia Smith Collection, Smith College; the Southwark Local History Library; the State Library of New South Wales; the Syndics of Cambridge University Library; the Syndics of the Fitzwilliam Museum; the Tennyson Research Centre; and the Trustees of the National Library of Scotland. To the following copyright holders I gratefully acknowledge permission to publish printed
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