Silas Marner / by George Eliot ; Edited with Notes and an Introduction By
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,-aAaJUW^<»' ^^..^ ELIOT S \X^-'- r^ «, s ..:> •J^!^ VlT/^ - -v..^;.^-/- . ii?\ ?i^ %ir ' ^ :> ^^- GEORGE ELIOT'S SILAS MAENEB IHacmillan's ^^ocltrt Slmerican antr EwqUs]} Classics A Series of English Texts, edited for use in Elementary and Secondary Schools, with Critical Introductions, Notes, etc. i6mo Cloth 25 cents each Addison's Sir Roger de Coverley. Dickens' A Christmas Carol, and The Andersen's Fairy Tales. Cricket on the Hearth. Arabian Nights' Entertainments. Dickens' A Tale of Two Cities. Arnold's Sohrab and Rustum. Dryden's Palamon and Arcite. Au: ten's Pride and Prejudice. Early American Orations, 1760-1824. Bacon's Essays. Edwards' (Jonathan) Sermons. Bible (IViemorable Passages from). Eliot's Silas Marner. Blackmore's Lorna Doone. Emerson's Essays. Browning's Shorter Poems. Emerson's Early Poems. Bi^owning, Mrs., Poems (Selected). Emerson's Representative Men. Bryant's Thanatopsis, etc. Epoch-making Papers in U. S. History. Bulwer's Last Days of Pompeii. 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Washington's Farewell Address, and Scott's Ivanhoe. Webster's First Bunker Hill Oration. Scott's Kenilworth. Whittier's Snow-Bound and Other Early Scott's Lady of the Lake. Poems. Scott's Lay of the Last Minstrel. Woolman's Journal. Scott's Marmion. Wordsworth's Shorter Poems. Scott's Quentin Durward. ^HM^ ^ GEORGE ELIOT. SILAS MARKER BY GEORGE ELIOT EDITED "WITH NOTES AND AN INTRODUCTION BY EDWARD L. GULICK A.M. (H-iRVARD) HA.STBK OF ENGLISH IN THE LAWRENCEVILLE SCHOOI. LAWKENCEVILLE, N.J. " A child, more than all other gifts ITiat earth can offer to declining man, Brings hope with it, and forward-looking thoughts. — Wordsworth. THE MACMILLAN COMPANY LONDON: MACMILLAN & CO., Ltd. 1909 AU riahU reserved JOPVlUGilT, ISI'9, By the MAC.MILLAN COMPANY, Set up and electrotyped June, 1899. Reprinted January, October, J'uly, 1900 ; July, 1901 ; January, August, October igo2 ; March, October, 1903; May, September, 1904J July, 1905; February, October^ igo6 ; January, July, 1907 ; February ; July, 1908 ; July, 1909. PREFACE In preparing the introductory portion of this volume, the editor has attempted to assist the reader to a thoughtful appre- ciation of an extraordinarily tliougbtful writer. Few authors of fiction have been so well equipped with learning and philosophy as the author of Silas Maimer. Consequently, though the plot is simple, and though the action and dialogue are of such inter- est as to carry the reader easily through the didactic passages, yet even these "short and simple annals of the poor" will yield greater returns of interest to tlie pupil if he understands how the story is related to the life and character and purpose of the author. In the preparation of tlie notes, the editor has regarded the needs of pupils who liave not the library facilities that would render such annotation unnecessary. Definitions enclosed in quotation marks are uniformly taken from the Century Dictionary. The satisfactory condition of the test simplifies the labor of the editor in this respect. -^ii.^<3ytfl^ /^l^. INTRODUCTION BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH "Nov. 22, 1819, — Mary Ann Evans was bom at Arbury Farm, at five o'clock this morning." With this entry in his diary Mr. Robert Evans recorded the birth of a daughter who was to become known to the world as George Eliot. A glance at T;\hat is known of her parents will reveal the sources of many traits of her mind and character. The lines of her father's face as shown in a portrait (to be found in Cross's Life of George Eliot) confirm what we read of his strength, seriousness, and steniness of character. His occupation was that of a land-agent, a responsible and respectable business, in which his physical strength, practical knowledge, and sagacity made him " unique " among land-agents. His second wife, the mother of j\Iary Ann, was, at the time of her marriage, of a somewhat higher social station than her husband. She was a woman " with an unusual amount of natural force — a shrewd, practical person, with a considerable dash of the Mrs. Poyser in her. Hers was an affectionate, warm-hearted nature, and her children, on whom she cast * the benediction of her gaze,' were thoroughly attached to her. Shortly after her last child's birth she became ailing in health." "The year 1819," to quote again from Mr. Cross, "is mem- orable as a culminating period of bad times and political dis- content in England. The nation was suffering acutely from the reaction after the excitement of the last Napoleonic war, Vlli INTRODUCTIOIT George XV. did not come to the throne till January, 1820, so that George Eliot was bora \\* the reign of George III. Waterloo was not yet an affair of five years old. Byron had four years, ami Goethe had thirteen years still to live. The last of Miss Austen's novels had been published only eighteen months, and the first of the Waverley series only six years before. Thackeray and Dickens were boys at school and George Sand was a girl of fifteen. That 'Greater Britain' (Canada and Australia), which to-day forms so large a reading public, was then scarcely more than a geographical expression, with less than half a million inhabitants, all told, where at present there are eight millions ; and in the United States, where more copies of George Eliot's books are now sold than in any other quarter of the world, the population then numbered less than ten millions, where to-day it is fifty-five millions. Including Great Britain, these English-speaking races have increased from thirty millions in 1820 to one hundred milHons in 1884; and with a corre- sponding increase in education we can form some conception how a popular****»«English writer's fame has widened its circle." *' There was a remoteness about a detached country house, in the England of those days, difficult for us to conceive now with our railways, penny posts, and telegraphs: nor is the Warwickshire country about Gritf an exhilarating surrounding. There are neither hills nor vales, no rivers, lakes, or sea — nothing but a monotonous succession of green fields and hedge- rows, with some fine trees. The only water to be seen is the ' Brown Canal.' The effect of such a landscape en an ordinary observer is not inspiring, but 'effective magic is transcendent nature'; and with her transcendent nature George Eliot has transfigured these scenes, dear to Midland souls, into many an iilyllic picture, known to those who know her books. In her cliildhood the great event of the day was the passing of the coach before the gate of Griff House, which lies at a bend of BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH 1> the high-ro<ad between Coventry and Nuneaton, and wichin a couple of miles of the mining village of Bedworth, 'where the land began to be blackened with coal-pits, the rattle of hand- looms to be heani in hamlets and villages.