DOCSLIB.ORG

Yúnnán Province (China) 云南 YÚNNÁN PROVINCE (CHINA)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Yúnnán Province (China) 云南 YÚNNÁN PROVINCE (CHINA) 447 © Lonely Planet Publications Yúnnán Province (China) 云南 YÚNNÁN PROVINCE (CHINA) YÚNNÁN PROVINCE (CHINA) RICHARD I’ANSON 448 Yúnnán Province (China) 云南 ‘The mountains are high and the emperor is far away.’ So goes a Chinese proverb, which well describes this diverse province so far removed from the comparative monoculture prevailing in many other parts of China. A liminal zone in the truest sense, Yúnnán is a land of fusion where hybrids of faith and culture coexist, offering the traveller a plethora of experiences, the likes of which you’ll not find elsewhere in either Southeast Asia or the Middle Kingdom. For the spiritual traveller, Yúnnán is a place where you can drink yak-butter tea with monks on the grounds of a sacred Tibetan monastery and view Buddhist frescos in temples reminiscent of those found hundreds of kilometres south in Thailand. To the naturalist, the province offers a stunning variety of ecological zones, from the high peaks and rarefied Himalayan air of the northwest to the rolling green hills of Xīshuāngbǎnnà and the near-sea- level jungles in the southeast. And for those more interested in staying on the beaten path, Yúnnán is where you’ll find some of the most oft-visited spots in southern China – touristy, no doubt, but still infused with charm and even a little magic. For readers of this book, which is, after all, devoted to following the tribes and nations connected by the mighty Mekong, a trip to Yúnnán is an indispensable way to truly get to know the river’s character. Though born in the frigid highlands of Tibet, it’s through these lands that the Mekong (Láncāng Jiāng in Chinese) passes from childhood into adolescence, winding and warming slowly under the Yúnnán sun as it passes through gorges and canyons before exiting to the south into the sweltering jungles of Laos, Cambodia and Vietnam. As diverse and defiant of labels as the people who call her home, Yúnnán is where the Middle Kingdom meets – and merges – with Southeast Asia. FAST FACTS Area 394,000 sq km Capital Kūnmíng Country Code%86 Population 44.8 million Money US$1 = Y6.83 (yuan) Seasons high May-September & all national holidays; rainy May-September (especially June-August) Phrases nǐ hǎo 你好 (hello), zàijiàn 再见 (goodbye), xièxie 谢谢 (thank you) YÚNNÁN PROVINCE (CHINA) YÚNNÁN PROVINCE (CHINA) lonelyplanet.com YÚNNÁN PROVINCE (CHINA) •• Highlights 449 HIGHLIGHTS before moving on to Lìjiāng ( p473 ) for Shāxī ( p471 ) Live in a traditional Bai a day or three of chilling in the old town valley village and hike the surrounding and cycling in the countryside. From here, mountains. head south to Dàlǐ ( p467 ) for a few days of Xīshuāngbǎnnà ( p458 ) Experience tribal slacking among backpackers before mov- life and trek through dense jungle. ing on to Kūnmíng ( p452 ), where you’ll Lìjiāng’s old town ( p475 ) Feel like a charac- want to experience the creature comforts ter out of Romance of the Three Kingdoms and culture of the provincial capital and in these cobbled lanes. ditch your winter coat and long johns Shangri-la ( p480 ) Stroll among yaks and (mailing them back home is a definite op- beneath Tibetan prayer flags in Shangri- tion). From Kūnmíng, it’s an overnight la’s rarefied mountain air. bus to Xīshuāngbǎnnà ( p458 ) for a week Tiger Leaping Gorge ( p478 ) Hike the high to 10 days of tribal living and jungle trek- and low trails of China’s still-spectacular king in the warmth and dry of southern gorge. Yúnnán in early January. ITINERARIES CLIMATE & WHEN TO GO 10 days (Tribal Trek) China’s most ethni- Varied topography and altitude make this cally diverse province offers myriad op- Tropic of Cancer–straddling province a portunities to experience the hospitality veritable wealth of weather. Yúnnán’s south- of many of the tribal groups that make ern lowlands, especially Xīshuāngbǎnnà, are up around a third of Yúnnán’s popu- tropical nearly year-round, offering a rainy lation. Begin in Kūnmíng with a few season from May to October and a dry season hours at the Yúnnán Provincial Mu- from November to May. Winters (December seum ( p454 ) to get a grasp on the eth- to February) are mild and dry, and sum- nic diversity of the province. Next head mers hot and humid; daily summer rains are down to Xīshuāngbǎnnà ( p458 ), where usually intense and drenching rather than you can trek in dense jungle and visit all-day affairs. the villages of Dai, Yi, Lahu and Bulang. As you head north to northwest through You could easily spend the full 10 days the province, the altitude increases with lati- in Xīshuāngbǎnnà, otherwise head back tude, meaning increasingly colder and longer north and visit the valley of Shāxī ( p471 ), winters. Shangri-la in early December is just where you’ll experience the hospitality of entering winter hibernation, so you’ll see the Bai people beneath the unparalleled cheaper hotel rooms and far less crowded beauty of the Stone Treasure Mountains. streets; by the time January rolls around From Shāxī head north again to Lìjiāng some restaurants are shuttered. If you plan ( p473 ), using the heavily touristy town as on travelling anywhere north of Dàlǐ from a base from which to explore the area’s mid-November to April, you’ll want to bring surrounding Naxi settlements. a good jacket (though you might not wear it 20 days (South for the Winter) Preparing every day). yourself for the high, cool and dry condi- tions, begin your trek in early December HISTORY at the furthest point north in this chapter, The mountains’ elevation and remoteness Shangri-la ( p480 ), where you’ll experi- from the ruling monarchy have been major ence the beauty and mystery of the an- cient town and surrounding area. Hike YÚNNÁN PROVINCE (CHINA) amongst fluttering prayer flags in the YÚNNÁN INDEX surrounding hills, visit the Ganden Sumt- seling Monastery ( p483 ; far less crowded Steamed bun Y0.50 with tourists at this time of year), drink 500ml bottle of water at a shop Y5 yak-butter tea with monks and soak away the cold at the amazing Stone Bridge Hot Dali beer Y10 Springs ( p483 ). After three or four days, Souvenir T-shirt Y40 head south for a one- to two-day hike Hotel room with air-con Y80-200 through Tiger Leaping Gorge ( p478 ) 450 YÚNNÁN PROVINCE (CHINA) •• History lonelyplanet.com 0 200 km YÚNNÁN 0 120 miles To Markam To L¨táng (130km); (50km); Lhasa Xiƒngchéng Chéngd¥ (760km) (1100km) Luzhou Derong 108 TIBET Kawa SÌCHU„N Yíb¸n Karpo (6740m) Déq¸n Dhondrupling Gompa B‰nzìlán Bingzhongluo Baima Mountains Jiƒng) Shangri-la Lúg¥ Xichang Valley Gòngshƒn Hú g Tiger n u Leaping r (J¸nshƒ Putao D W‰ix¸ Gorge Nujiang Valley Nínglàng ZhƒotŸng Bijie W‰iníng To Guìyáng Fúgòng Lìjiƒng GUÌZH±U (5km) 213 Liupanshui Jiànchuƒn Hèqìng Pƒnzh¸huƒ Xianwei J¸zú Shƒn (Jinjiang) Shƒx¸ (3240m) Anshun ha River DŸngchuƒn Liùkù Dàl¨ Jins ¦rh†i Panxian (Old City) Hú B¸nchuƒn Cángshƒn Dàyáo Yuánmóu Yúnf‰ng Y¡ngpíng Xiàguƒn (Dàl¨ City) Myitkyina Shƒn 108 Q¥jìng (3005m) W‰ishƒn TéngchŸng B†oshƒn K§NMÍNG Mekong Ch©xióng X¸ngyì Yíngjiƒng Diƒn Chí B‡OSH„N Lùnán Shílín Mángshì Chéngjiƒng (Lùx¸) Ri Lúx¸ GU‡NGX¹ ver Tianlin DÉHÓNG 214 Yùx¸ Jiƒngchuƒn Ruìlì W†nd¸ng TŸngh†i Mu-se Líncƒng Gu†ngnán Jiànshu¨ To Nánníng Shípíng Ka¸yuán (280km) (Lá 323 Gèjiù Wénshƒn n Hónghé c M›ngzì Thanlivin River Thanlivin ƒng Yuányáng 326 Lashio Jiƒng) L«ch¥n Yuanyang S¸máo Rice Terraces Ha Giang Hék¡u Láncƒng Jiƒngchéng X¹SHU„NGB‡NNÀ Lao Cai Menga Mènglián Sapa VIETNAM J¨nghóng Red River MYANMAR M›ngh†i M›ngh†n Phongsali Black River (G†nl†nbà) (BURMA) Dàm›nglóng LAOS Dien Bien M›nglà Phu Móhƒn To Hanoi Kengtung (60km) Boten factors in making China’s sixth-largest established during the Warring States Period province somewhat troublesome to govern (453–221 BC). In the 2nd century BC, Chinese for much of its history within the Middle forces conquered the Red River Delta in mod- Kingdom. Closer geographically to Hanoi ern Vietnam, beginning a millennium of Han and Yangon (Rangoon) than Běijīng or cultural (if not always political) domination of Guǎngzhōu, Yúnnán has been pulled politi- the region. Chief among the Chinese exports cally and economically more by its Southeast were Confucianism, Taoism and Mahayana Asian neighbours than by dynasties to the Buddhism. While Vietnam gained much from north or trading cabals of the east. Its ethnic the Chinese, it would struggle for centuries make-up plays a major role as well, with many to throw off the yoke of its larger neighbour, of the province’s southern tribal groups having finally succeeding after the fall of the Tang strong kinship with tribes found in Thailand, dynasty in the 10th century. Laos, Vietnam and Myanmar (Burma) and The Indianised Cambodian kingdom of regarding the Han Chinese officials as carpet- Funan had cultural and quasi-diplomatic baggers at best. ties with Yúnnán’s chieftain leaders from Yúnnán’s first kingdom, the kingdom the 1st through 6th centuries AD. Later, of Dian, near present-day Kūnmíng, was Qin Shi Huang (China’s ‘first’ emperor) and YÚNNÁN PROVINCE (CHINA) YÚNNÁN PROVINCE (CHINA) lonelyplanet.com YÚNNÁN PROVINCE (CHINA) •• People & the Population 451 subsequent Han emperors held tentative im- In the early 21st century, Yúnnán has perial power over the southwest and forged again found itself in a position of great southern Silk Road trade routes to Burma, strategic importance, this time for economic but by the 7th century the Bai people (among rather than military reasons.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Chapter 5 Sinicization and Indigenization: the Emergence of the Yunnanese
    Between Winds and Clouds Bin Yang Chapter 5 Sinicization and Indigenization: The Emergence of the Yunnanese Introduction As the state began sending soldiers and their families, predominantly Han Chinese, to Yunnan, 1 the Ming military presence there became part of a project of colonization. Soldiers were joined by land-hungry farmers, exiled officials, and profit-driven merchants so that, by the end of the Ming period, the Han Chinese had become the largest ethnic population in Yunnan. Dramatically changing local demography, and consequently economic and cultural patterns, this massive and diverse influx laid the foundations for the social makeup of contemporary Yunnan. The interaction of the large numbers of Han immigrants with the indigenous peoples created a 2 new hybrid society, some members of which began to identify themselves as Yunnanese (yunnanren) for the first time. Previously, there had been no such concept of unity, since the indigenous peoples differentiated themselves by ethnicity or clan and tribal affiliations. This chapter will explore the process that led to this new identity and its reciprocal impact on the concept of Chineseness. Using primary sources, I will first introduce the indigenous peoples and their social customs 3 during the Yuan and early Ming period before the massive influx of Chinese immigrants. Second, I will review the migration waves during the Ming Dynasty and examine interactions between Han Chinese and the indigenous population. The giant and far-reaching impact of Han migrations on local society, or the process of sinicization, that has drawn a lot of scholarly attention, will be further examined here; the influence of the indigenous culture on Chinese migrants—a process that has won little attention—will also be scrutinized.
    [Show full text]
  • The Co-Construction of Mine Villages—An Important Way for Coal Mining Enterprises in Yunnan's Minority Areas to Fulfill Social Responsibility
    International Conference on Informatization in Education, Management and Business (IEMB 2015) The Co-construction of Mine Villages—an Important Way for Coal Mining Enterprises in Yunnan's Minority Areas to Fulfill Social Responsibility Yunhong GONG Qujing Normal University, Qujing, Yunnan Province, 655011 China Abstract. In the minority areas with the enterprises possess a capital advantage and the backward development of economy, the management personnel who are good at fulfillment of social responsibility by coal mining economic situation, planning, and innovation. enterprises is of more important significance. Therefore, the coal mining enterprises must be The coal mining enterprises in minority areas encouraged and supported to fulfill their social should pay more attention to the social responsibility and obligations, and give full play responsibility with the local minority to the advantages in capital, awareness in talents characteristics, mainly including maintaining the and development, and management ideas, etc. national unity, promoting the prosperity and Specifically, these enterprises can help development, and protecting the ecological collaborative villages know well the environment in minority areas, etc. In recent development ideas, make work measures, make years, explorations on a model for the every effort to the co-development of social co-construction of mine villages in many places undertakings and the co-construction of of Yunnan province are worthy of reference and infrastructure, actively undertake poverty introduction. Therefore, the co-construction of alleviation work, and participate in social mine villages is necessarily used as an important construction and management by combining with way for the coal mining enterprises in Yunnan's their own development characteristics and the minority areas to fulfill social responsibility.
    [Show full text]
  • Studies on the Relationships of the Curie Surface with Heat Flow And
    Wen et al. Earth, Planets and Space (2019) 71:85 https://doi.org/10.1186/s40623-019-1063-1 FULL PAPER Open Access Studies on the relationships of the Curie surface with heat fow and crustal structures in Yunnan Province, China, and its adjacent areas Limin Wen, Guofa Kang, Chunhua Bai and Guoming Gao* Abstract A Curie surface indicates the distribution of the thermal felds underground, providing a clear marker for the thermo- dynamic efect in the crust and mantle. In this paper, based on a geomagnetic feld model (NGDC-720) and aeromag- netic data, we use power spectrum analysis of magnetic anomalies to estimate the Curie surface in Yunnan Province, China, and its adjacent areas. By combining the distribution of the Curie surface with regional heat fow, the geo- thermal gradient, crustal wave velocity ratio anomalies, high-conductivity layer anomalies, and the Moho surface, we reveal the connection between the undulation of the magnetic basement and the crustal structures. The results indi- cate that the uplift and depression of the Curie surface in the research area are distinct. The Curie surface is approxi- mately inversely correlated to the surface heat fow. The Lijiang-Jianchuan-Baoshan-Tengchong and Jianchuan- Chux- iong- Kunming-Yuxi zones are two Curie surface uplift zones, and their crust-mantle heat fows are relatively high. The Curie surface uplift zone along the Lijiang-Xiaojinhe fault and Red River fault is consistent with the heading direction of the fault zone and is partially in agreement with the eastward mass fow of the Tibetan Plateau. The Curie surface uplift zone is consistent with the high wave velocity ratio and high-conductivity layer anomaly region of the crust.
    [Show full text]
  • Destination Jordan So It’S Official
    © Lonely Planet Publications 19 Destination Jordan So it’s official. Petra, jewel in the crown of Jordan’s antiquities, has been declared by popular ballot as one of the ‘new’ Seven Wonders of the World. Jordan’s authorities, together with tour operators, hoteliers and even the Bedouin of Petra themselves, have been quick to understand the commercial value of this marketing coup, and prices have risen accord- ingly. The magnificent rock-hewn city of the Nabataeans hardly needed further billing. Since Johann Ludwig Burckhardt rediscovered it in the 19th century, it has been a favourite destination for Europeans – and at sunset on a winter’s day, when the rose-pink city catches alight, it’s easy to see why it has charmed a new generation of visitors. FAST FACTS Not to be outdone by Petra’s success, Wadi Rum – that epic landscape Population: 6.2 million of TE Lawrence and David Lean’s Lawrence of Arabia – is a contender as Population growth rate: one of the Seven Natural Wonders of the World. Surely two such acco- 2.3% lades would be entirely disproportionate to the minimal size of Jordan. But Jordan, straddling the ancient Holy Land of the world’s three Inflation: 15.5% great monotheistic religions, and once an important trading centre of the GDP: US$31.01 Roman Empire, is no stranger to punching above its weight. Stand on Mt Main exports: clothing, Nebo, newly consecrated by Pope John II, and survey the land promised pharmaceuticals, potash, to Moses; unfurl a veil at Mukawir, where Salome cast a spell over men phosphates, fertilisers, in perpetuity; float in the Dead Sea, beside a pillar of salt, reputed to be vegetables Lot’s disobedient wife.
    [Show full text]
  • Destination Jamaica
    © Lonely Planet Publications 12 Destination Jamaica Despite its location almost smack in the center of the Caribbean Sea, the island of Jamaica doesn’t blend in easily with the rest of the Caribbean archipelago. To be sure, it boasts the same addictive sun rays, sugary sands and pampered resort-life as most of the other islands, but it is also set apart historically and culturally. Nowhere else in the Caribbean is the connection to Africa as keenly felt. FAST FACTS Kingston was the major nexus in the New World for the barbaric triangular Population: 2,780,200 trade that brought slaves from Africa and carried sugar and rum to Europe, Area: 10,992 sq km and the Maroons (runaways who took to the hills of Cockpit Country and the Blue Mountains) safeguarded many of the African traditions – and Length of coastline: introduced jerk seasoning to Jamaica’s singular cuisine. St Ann’s Bay’s 1022km Marcus Garvey founded the back-to-Africa movement of the 1910s and ’20s; GDP (per head): US$4600 Rastafarianism took up the call a decade later, and reggae furnished the beat Inflation: 5.8% in the 1960s and ’70s. Little wonder many Jamaicans claim a stronger affinity for Africa than for neighboring Caribbean islands. Unemployment: 11.3% And less wonder that today’s visitors will appreciate their trip to Jamaica Average annual rainfall: all the more if they embrace the island’s unique character. In addition to 78in the inherent ‘African-ness’ of its population, Jamaica boasts the world’s Number of orchid species best coffee, world-class reefs for diving, offbeat bush-medicine hiking tours, found only on the island: congenial fishing villages, pristine waterfalls, cosmopolitan cities, wetlands 73 (there are more than harboring endangered crocodiles and manatees, unforgettable sunsets – in 200 overall) short, enough variety to comprise many utterly distinct vacations.
    [Show full text]
  • New Materials of the Late Miocene Muntiacus from Zhaotong Hominoid Site in Southern China DONG Wei1 JI Xue-Ping2 Nina G
    -327 第52卷 第3期 古 脊 椎 动 物 学 报 pp. 316 2014年7月 VERTEBRATA PALASIATICA figs. 1-5 New materials of the Late Miocene Muntiacus from Zhaotong hominoid site in southern China DONG Wei1 JI Xue-Ping2 Nina G. JABLONSKI3 Denise F. SU4 LI Wen-Qi5 (1 Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100044, China [email protected]) (2 Research Center for Southeast Asian Archeology & Yunnan Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology Kunming 650118, China) (3 Department of Anthropology, the Pennsylvania State University University Park, PA 16802, USA) (4 Department of Paleobotany and Paleoecology, Cleveland Museum of Natural History Cleveland, OH 44106, USA) (5 Zhaoyang Museum Zhaotong, Yunnan 657000, China) Abstract Rescue excavations carried out from 2007 to 2010 at the Shuitangba lignite field in Zhaotong, Yunnan Province, not only resulted in the discovery of a new hominoid cranium and the addition of a new hominoid site in Yunnan, but the finding of a new muntjak with following characters: the brow tine is very close to the burr, which is moderately developed; the main beam extends backward and somewhat laterally, and then turns somewhat medially; and the neocrista and entocingulum are developed on the upper molars. The four limbs are relatively short. A cladistic analysis shows that the new materials represent a muntjak that is not in a sister-group relationship with Muntiacus leilaoensis from Yuanmou Late Miocene hominoid site, but rather represents an independent branch. Muntiacus zhaotongensis sp. nov. is proposed for the new muntjak materials.
    [Show full text]
  • DAY 1: May 23Rd Arrival and Transfer to Rock Lijiang
    A YUNNAN YOGA RETREAT May 23-28th 2021 www.bespoketravelcompany.com 1 [email protected] ABOUT THIS TRIP We may not know you personally, but we’re going to go out on a limb and say that you need a break. A proper one. If your past year has been anything like ours then we know a couple of things are probably true. 1) it’s time you treated yourself; and 2) stepping onto the yoga mat was probably the best thing you did last year to stay sane and happy. Here at Bespoke we feel the same, which is why this six-day trip in Lijiang and Dali has been created by our frazzled founder and the fabulous folks at Taozi Tree Yoga studio to be a dream retreat of sorts; a complete getaway for those looking for something special. The focus of this trip will be on restoring balance, aligning ying and yang, identifying problem areas and returning a new person: calmer, healthier, more rested and with greater mental clarity to cope with whatever comes next. What’s more, the surroundings couldn’t be more inspiring: Yunnan’s majestic mountains, lush valleys, rare flowers and rich Tibetan heritage will lift your spirits daily. We’ll visit practicing temples, take a yoga class on a raised platform overlooking Jade Dragon Snow Mountain, be serenaded by local musicians and even try our hand at tie dying with the locals. Oh, and let’s not forget all those delicious family-style Yunnan meals – it’s one of the main reasons to go right? TRIP LENGTH: 6 days, 5 nights (Sunday May 23–Friday May 28, 2021) COST: Early bird until April 10th: 10,900RMB/person; 12,000RMB/person thereafter, based on double occupancy; add 2,800RMB for single occupancy.
    [Show full text]
  • The Tea Horse Road Guide Part 2
    THE TEA HORSE ROAD GUIDE PART 2 LIJIANG TO MEILI SNOW MOUNTAIN WRITTEN BY MICHAEL FREEMAN COURTESY OF LUX* 2 LIJIANG TO MEILI SNOW MOUNTAIN INTRODUCTION 3 INTRODUCTION Between the 7th century and the middle of the 20th, one of the longest trade route, because in return for tea, which Tibetans came quickly to trade routes in the Ancient World, more than 3,000 kilometres, carried crave, the Tang dynasty wanted horses for the Imperial Army. The route tea from its homeland in the deep south of Yunnan to Tibet. It was added came under strict control, as the trading of tea for war horses became to by a route from a second source, the tea mountains of Sichuan, and the an arm of Tang foreign policy in its dealing with a neighbour that had combined network of stone roads and mountain trails became known as risen from a loose collection of tribal societies to a military power on the the Tea Horse Road, Cha Ma Dao. This was much more than a simple empire’s northwestern border. The Tea Horse Road, marked in red, began in the tea mountains of Caravan on Xishuangbanna and worked its way north through Yunnan to the Tibetan a cliff-cut trail Plateau, later joined by a second route from Sichuan Lead horse in a tea caravan 4 LIJIANG TO MEILI SNOW MOUNTAIN THE TEA HORSE ROAD the tea west to join the Yunnan route As the trade developed, it became a and continue to Lhasa. saga of epic proportions, combining These are the broad strokes, but a true odyssey of a journey, long and the Tea Horse Road was a network, difficult, with exchanges between in some stretches coalescing into one, very different cultures.
    [Show full text]
  • A New Crested Theropod Dinosaur from the Early Jurassic of Yunnan
    第55卷 第2期 古 脊 椎 动 物 学 报 pp. 177-186 2017年4月 VERTEBRATA PALASIATICA figs. 1-3 A new crested theropod dinosaur from the Early Jurassic of Yunnan Province, China WANG Guo-Fu1,2 YOU Hai-Lu3,4* PAN Shi-Gang5 WANG Tao5 (1 Fossil Research Center of Chuxiong Prefecture, Yunnan Province Chuxiong, Yunnan 675000) (2 Chuxiong Prefectural Museum Chuxiong, Yunnan 675000) (3 Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100044 * Corresponding author: [email protected]) (4 College of Earth Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049) (5 Bureau of Land and Resources of Lufeng County Lufeng, Yunnan 650031) Abstract A new crested theropod, Shuangbaisaurus anlongbaoensis gen. et sp. nov., is reported. The new taxon is recovered from the Lower Jurassic Fengjiahe Formation of Shuangbai County, Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province, and is represented by a partial cranium. Shuangbaisaurus is unique in possessing parasagittal crests along the orbital dorsal rims. It is also distinguishable from the other two lager-bodied parasagittal crested Early Jurassic theropods (Dilophosaurus and Sinosaurus) by a unique combination of features, such as higher than long premaxillary body, elevated ventral edge of the premaxilla, and small upper temporal fenestra. Comparative morphological study indicates that “Dilophosaurus” sinensis could potentially be assigned to Sinosaurus, but probably not to the type species. The discovery of Shuangbaisaurus will help elucidate the evolution of basal theropods, especially the role of various bony cranial ornamentations had played in the differentiation of early theropods.
    [Show full text]
  • Household Stove Improvement and Risk of Lung Cancer in Xuanwei, China
    Household Stove Improvement and Risk of Lung Cancer in Xuanwei, China Qing Lan, Robert S. Chapman, Dina M. Schreinemachers, Linwei Tian, Xingzhou He erably lower in China (6.8 in men and 3.2 in women) and was Background: Lung cancer rates in rural Xuanwei County, lower still in Yunnan as a whole (4.3 in men and 1.5 in women). Yunnan Province, are among the highest in China. Residents In Xuanwei, more than 90% of residents are farmers with little traditionally burned “smoky” coal in unvented indoor or no exposure to industrial or automotive air pollution, and firepits that generated very high levels of air pollution. Since residential stability is very high. Most men, but very few the 1970s, most residents have changed from firepits to women, smoke tobacco. Nearly all women, and some men, cook stoves with chimneys. This study assessed whether lung can- food on the household stove. cer incidence decreased after this stove improvement. Meth- For household cooking and heating, Xuanwei residents have ods: A cohort of 21 232 farmers, born from 1917 through traditionally burned “smoky coal,” “smokeless coal,” or wood in 1951, was followed retrospectively from 1976 through 1992. unvented indoor firepits. (Smoky coal and smokeless coal are All subjects were users of smoky coal who had been born general descriptive terms used throughout China for bituminous into homes with unvented firepits. During their lifetime, and anthracite coal, respectively.) Burning smoky coal in a 17 184 subjects (80.9%) changed permanently to stoves with firepit generates very high indoor concentrations of airborne 3 chimneys.
    [Show full text]
  • Newsletter Cylchlythyr
    THE FRIENDS OF TREBORTH BOTANIC GARDEN CYFEILLION GARDD FOTANEG TREBORTH NEWSLETTER CYLCHLYTHYR Number / Rhif 64 January/Ionawr 2019 Fig. 1. Smaller bee boles with small straw skep [p. 5]. Fig 2. Ulva intestinalis on the shore of Treborth Botanic Garden [p. 15] 2 COMMITTEE Sarah Edgar ([email protected]) Chair Angela Thompson ([email protected]) Vice Chair, Joint Membership Sec Cath Dixon Treasurer Natalie Chivers ([email protected]) Curator Rosie Kressman ([email protected]) Horticulturist Cherry Bartlett ([email protected]) Events Secretary Teri Shaw Joint Membership Sec Dr John Gorham Committee Member Dr David Shaw Committee Member Tom Cockbill Committee Member Dr Ann Illsley Committee Member Dr James Stroud Committee Member Jen Towill Committee Member Tom Morrisey STAG Representative Newsletter Team John Gorham (layout, photos) Grace Gibson (adverts, articles) Angela Thompson email as above (commissioning articles, planning, editing) Cover Photos: Front:: Treborth trees in Winter [p. 13] © Rosie Kressman Back: (top) Llyn Clywedog panorama [p. 11] © Jon Keymer (bottom) Panorama in Torres del Paine, Chile [p. 24] © Richard Birch Unless otherwise stated, all contributions to the newsletter are copyright of the author. For more information about The Friends of Treborth Botanic Garden, please visit our website: www.friendsoftreborthbotanicgarden.org or write to: The Chair, Friends of Treborth Botanic Garden, Treborth, Bangor, Gwynedd, LL57 2RQ, UK Issue No. 64 January 2019 Contents Chair’s Introduction, January
    [Show full text]
  • The Geographical Distribution of Grey Wolves (Canis Lupus) in China: a Systematic Review
    ZOOLOGICAL RESEARCH The geographical distribution of grey wolves (Canis lupus) in China: a systematic review Lu WANG1,#, Ya-Ping MA1,2,#, Qi-Jun ZHOU2, Ya-Ping ZHANG1,2, Peter SAVOLAINEN3, Guo-Dong WANG2,* 1. State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan and Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Diversity and Evolution of High Education in Yunnan Province, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China 2. State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Domestic Animals, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China 3. Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Gene Technology, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Solna 17165, Sweden ABSTRACT forests of Siberia, and the frozen tundra on Ellesmere island (Mech, 1981). Despite extirpation from many parts of their The grey wolf (Canis lupus) is one of the most widely previous range over the last few hundred years, by persecution distributed terrestrial mammals, and its distribution from humans and habitat fragmentation (Hunter & Barrett, 2011; and ecology in Europe and North America are Young & Goldman, 1944), wolves still retain most of their largely well described. However, the distribution of original distributions. grey wolves in southern China is still highly The distribution and ecology of grey wolves are largely well controversial. Several well-known western literatures described in Europe and North America. However, in more stated that there were no grey wolves in southern peripheral and remote parts of their distributions, detailed China, while the presence of grey wolves across information is often lacking. In the western literature, the wolf China has been indicated in A Guide to the has generally been reported to be distributed throughout the Mammals of China, published by Princeton northern hemisphere, from N15° latitude in North America and University Press.
    [Show full text]