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12.-Lavdosh-Ahmetaj.Pdf Interdisplinary Journal of Research and Development “Alexander Moisiu“ University, Durrës, Albania Vol (II), No.2, 2015 ________________________________________________________________________________________________ RESEARCH ARTICLE THE ATTITUDE OF THE ALBANIAN DELEGATION TO THE PEACE CONFERENCE 1919-1920 LAVDOSH AHMETAJ Faculty of Political and Juridical Science , ‘Aleksandër Moisiu” University, Durrës, Albania Contact: [email protected] Abstract The attitude of Albanian official delegation in Paris, was one of the most important moment of the history of Albania. It expressed the fact that the Albanian political class understood the interests of the European Great Powers emerged from The First World War as winners and so they had to follow a new policy. In Albania there were two political groups who had different attitudes towards the policy Albania had to follow with the European countries. The aim of this article is to present these trends. Keywords: diplomacy, crisis, state, contradictions, standpoint. European politics had formed the view that the statements of the allied and associated powers.”1. Albanians were unable to govern itself, which Politically Great Powers had to make one more seemed more as a result of its various interests. In qualitative step through “clauses cancellation of the these conditions, the status of Albania was a Treaty of London in 1915, relating to Albania.”2. difficult problem to solve. Sharp issue rulings can They demanded by European politics to be ratified not be avoided nor by the delegation of the borders between Albania and the Balkan countries Government of Durres. It called a care setting of a in accordance with ethnic principles. It expressed power as an opportunity to make possible the the national aspiration of the Albanians. But in salvation of Albania by a curtailing of lands for the concrete terms in which Albania was, it seemed to benefit of neighboring states. This constituted the be rather a simple political idea, and it should be note meaning that delegation addressed to the considered more as a tactical requirement than a chairman of the Peace Conference, Klemanso on real and solvable idea. But what better express their April 14, 1919. idea as a political grouping, on the status of Mehmet Konica, Mihal Turtulli and Midhat Albania, was the fifth item. They felt that the Frashëri, in this memorandum said that Italy, leadership of Albania in the first steps of the seeking its installation in Albania, will turn against formation of the state to be entrusted to a power, it the desire to cause hatred of races that will which would be able to surround with an aura of emerge threatened by its ambition". It, according to kindness and sympathy and could not “cause them, politically, would be foreign and Balkan distrust of the Balkan peoples.”3. peoples would remove it through violence from In the note requirements of the Albanian people their lands. They anticipated the possibility of a were reaffirmed for a free and independent of all potential risk, given the Balkan nationality, and in possible prerogatives of a sovereign state and lord these conditions they recommended possibilities to of their own political fortunes. Therein is clearly eliminate possible risks. admitted concern about a new curtailing threatened On the first point they recommended that the Great to Albania by those who consider Albania as a Powers should confirm the independence of "small new Turkey in Europe". This was not Albania, which will enable the Albanians to change the opinion regarding the old European politics. 1 - AMPJ. Letter of M. Konica, M. Turtulli, M. Frashëri, sent For this reason, against Albania the holy principle to the President of the Paris Peace Conference. File no. 10, of nationality should be applied, "as to Poland, April 14, 1919, p. 150, Doc. 739 copy (French). Alsace and Lorraine, as results from the official 2 - Ibid. 3 - AMPJ. Letter of M. Konica, M. Turtulli, M. Frashëri, sent to the President of the Paris Peace Conference. File no. 10, April 14, 1919, p. 150, Doc. 739 copy (French). 61 The attitude of the albanian delegation … L.Ahmetaj _______________________________________________________________________________________________ simply for propaganda effect, but basically this and the port, "so - Giolotti stated in Parliament - we formula was used to mask the lusts of interested can not leave Vlora without the certainty that it is countries at the expense of the integrity of Albania. not invaded by any other power, which would use Status of Albania will be safer in terms stewardship in our damage. By occupying Vlora, we guarantee of a benevolent power would not induce Balkan Albania from any permanent occupation by any jealousy. other power Vlora”6. This document, to which we referred to, constitutes Konica thought that the situation in Albania was a material which pushes us even more to justify not just as they had presented Giolotti: "If a few that this trend was of the opinion that the future of weeks ago some foreign agents were trying to Albania would be safer with mandatory of a great cause upheaval, the Albanian government had power, which could be USA. Also, guarantees were announced to extinguish these situations created, in given that the Albanian restored state would be a the cradle". And further he explained that there was progressive state based on the principles of no war of provinces in Albania "and new royal freedom and equality for all regardless of region government politics that your Excellency lead out, and religion. This would also be a guarantee for makes us hope that finally the full independence minorities, which will therefore remain within the and territorial integrity of Albania will be borders of this country, however "in front of respected". These were some arguments from accusations and insinuations of opponents”4, Konica’s political grouping to explain the Albanians were ready to make a tolerance, by establishing custody of a great and benevolent expressing the willingness - said in a note of the power, so that the existence of this power in Albanian delegation - to accept in a certain time the Albania to not encourage ambition among various benevolent assistance of one of the allied Great political forces in Albania, but also in terms of Powers, which will help Albania in its infancy in international relations of the Albanian state. the path of progress. It remained to be determined which would be the This tolerance had its reasons. Firstly, Albanians to power that would take custody of Albania. It was express their desire for choosing the custodian officially introduced by the Treaty of London of Power. Secondly, to be respected sovereignty of the 1915, as the sole candidacy of Italy. This was the independent Albanian state and this is expressed by idea that prevailed during the debate in committee. internal autonomy, not excluded from For choosing the custodian Power, the representation abroad. But it would be nonsense, memorandum of 14 April 1919 seeks also the because the mandate was a limitation of opinion of Albania. But it does not turn out to be sovereignty, both within the country and outside ever considered in the districts of the Paris Peace political borders. As the third condition, it was put Conference. Furthermore it should be noted that the ban of any systematic colonization and this was one of the topics that had sparked debate organized from abroad, in the sense of turning the as in European political opinion, as well as in the country to a colony in the center of Europe. bosom of the delegation. And consequently two This political attitude was related to interests tendencies were shown, one in favor of Italy, and around Albania, which can deepen the national the second in favor of USA. crisis. Seen in this light, the neighboring While the other tendency, composed by Luigj propaganda, which carefully followed the political Bumçi, Mustafa Kruja, Turhan Pasha, Myfit situation on June 29, 1920, cautioned that Albania Libohova and Mehdi Frashëri sought Albania of was in a state of anarchy. There, according to it, 1913, as set the London conference and that of was a civil war between the one and the other Florence. Seeing in this plan Albania, they party, between one region and another. "Albania is acknowledge the assistance of the Italian state, but threatened by neighboring peoples who want to this assistance should not be the nature of conquer each one a part of it”5. "violating the sovereignty of the Albanian state”7. According to the Italian parliamentary This resulted from the reason that the Albanians interpretations, Albania was unable to maintain were not yet matured politically and, therefore, state by concretizing it with the issue of Vlora. they went even further, thinking that they should Albania, according to them, had no ship, no boat, not disrupt the politics with Italy. was unable to defend the independence of the city This view they supported by the decision they had taken in their permanent meetings which were held 4 - Arben Puto “Diplomatic History of the Albanian question 1878-1929 "Tirana, Albin 2003, p. 304. 6 - Ibid. p..305 5 - AQSH. F. MPJ, File 3, p.305 7 - AMPJ. File nr. 4, Paris on 24 May 1919, p. 23 (French). 62 Interdisplinary Journal of Research and Development “Alexander Moisiu“ University, Durrës, Albania Vol (II), No.2, 2015 ________________________________________________________________________________________________ in Paris. So on May 24, 1919 in Paris, it was the most urgent possession of these regions from accepted an Italian prince of the house of Savoy to the Italian royal troops "11. the throne of Albania. This political initiative At the same time members of the delegation would not be effective if not accompanied by their followed with particular attention to the work of commitment to political power "to create Italian the committees at the Peace Conference, judging companies preferences and conditions in the that the Great Powers had more preference to financial and economic concessions in Albania”8.
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