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An Analysis on Racism and the Characterization of Marvel's Avengers

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An Analysis on Racism and the Characterization of Marvel's Avengers 投稿類別：英文寫作類 Are the Avengers Too White? An Analysis on Racism and the Characterization of Marvel’s Avengers 作者： 林育葳 國立新竹女子高級中學 二年一班 指導老師： 康雅蘭老師 Are the Avengers Too White? An Analysis on Racism and the Characterization of Marvel’s Avengers I. Introduction 1. Motivation and Purpose It has been 10 years since Marvel Studios released its first movie, Iron Man. From Iron Man to the latest movie Black Panther, all the Marvel solo movies are arranged for its most famous series, Avengers, which makes the Avengers series highly-anticipated. The Avengers was the first Marvel movie that hit more than 1 billion at the box office, and its sequel, Avengers: Age of Ultron, was also exalted by fans all around the world. In addition, The Avengers also influences the way movies are made. Before the launch of Iron Man, most movies only told one story that was not related to any other movie. On the contrary, after the Marvel Studios announced the release dates of Avengers movie series and its related solo movies, the concept of “Universe” was formed, which means plots of movies in the same “Universe” are associated with one another. One of the reasons that makes Avengers fascinating and successful is its characters. Avengers consists of several well-known superheroes with different abilities and personalities. Not only the interaction of the characters but the growth of each of them contributes to the attractiveness of the movie. After watching the movie, I was also enchanted by these characters. However, it is also noticeable that the members of Avengers are all White, which arouses my curiosity: Why are these characters all White? Does the character’s ethnic have anything to do with the society’s atmosphere in the era he/she was created? 2. Method I propose to choose the characters from the movie The Avengers and analyze their abilities and personalities. Then, research on the times they are created and on the reasons they were created. After knowing their characterization, look into the remarkable events in history that may affect the characters’ features at the times when they were created. Therefore, we can know if there is a relation between the characterization and its social background. 3. Limitation There are thousands of characters in Marvel comics, but the characters I choose are limited to the movie The Avengers, which are only the tip of the iceberg of Marvel’s characters. Another obstacle is that the information I found to know how these characters are created is mostly from interviews, so they may not answer my questions directly. Besides, the characterization of the characters is assumed to be affected by only the significant events and society’s atmosphere when they were created. II. Thesis 1 Are the Avengers Too White? An Analysis on Racism and the Characterization of Marvel’s Avengers 1. Background Information 1.1 Definition of Term 1.1.1 Marvel Marvel is the general term including Marvel Entertainment Inc., and Marvel Studios. Marvel Entertainment Inc. is a character-based entertainment company affiliated to The Walt Disney Company and possesses more than 8,000 franchises of the characters; Marvel Studios is in charge of producing movies for Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), which is a “Universe” made up of 18 films, several Television series, few Website series, and the huge amount of comics, that associates with each other. 1.2 Marvel Characters 1.2.1Captain America Captain America's real name is Steve Rogers. He was born in Brooklyn, New York City and suffered from several health problems. Since he was too skinny and weak, he was rejected by the military during the Second World War. However, being patriotic, he had a strong intention to fight for the United States. Therefore, he joined the secret superhero program and was turned into a muscular superhero by injecting the Super-Soldier Formula. Crashed into the Arctic during his final mission, he had been encased in ice for nearly 70 years and was found by S.H.E.L.D., which is a fictional intelligence agency in the 20th century. Captain America is the symbol of the peak of human physical perfection. The Super-Soldier Formula he was metabolized endowed him with high intelligence, agility, strength, speed, endurance, and quick reaction time, which made him become superior to any other person. He is “the epitome of American values and identity” (Peitz, 2013, p.1). He is valiant and willing to sacrifice, and dedicates himself to his country. Captain America was first seen in Captain America #1 in March 1941. He was created by Joe Simon and Jack Kirby in 1938 when they were 24 and 22 respectively. Jack Kirby lived in Low East Side of the United States, where the living condition was similar to Brooklyn, the hometown of Captain America. Captain America was like someone who he lived with and protected him. Moreover, Joe Simon once asserted that Captain America was the response to Hitler's rise and referred to Captain America as “a hero” that American people needed to “lead” them in interviews in 2012 and 2014. Jack Kirby also stated that Captain America is the symbol of the times when people were very scary, but everybody was patriotic in the interview in 1998. Therefore, with the features mentioned above, 2 Are the Avengers Too White? An Analysis on Racism and the Characterization of Marvel’s Avengers they both thought Captain America was apparently an idea that would be universally accepted. 1.2.2 The Hulk The Hulk is also known as Bruce Banner, the foremost atomic scientist in the United States. During the first test of the G-Bomb, Banner was saturated by Gamma Rays since he wanted to save a teenage kid to keep him from the testing area. Bathed in the full force of the Gamma Rays, Banner found that he transforms into a green giant monster, which is called “the Hulk,” when he is intensely excited. The Hulk is possessed of an incredible level of superhuman physical ability. His capacity for physical strength is potentially boundless since his power of strength changes depending on his level of great emotional stress, anger in particular. Bruce Banner's and the Hulk's personalities are totally different, or rather, opposite. Banner is an introvert and emaciated scientist. To avoid turning into the Hulk, he has to suppress his emotions. He represents anger and agonies that are controlled chronically. On the contrary, the Hulk, who is brutal and mighty, is the representative of a relief of anger and agonies. The Hulk was created by Stan Lee and first appeared in Incredible Hulk #1 in May 1962. He said his original idea was to create a lovable monster and that he was inspired by Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde in the interview in 2010. Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde was written by the Scottish author Robert Louis Stevenson (1850-1994) and first published in 1886. The book narrates the story between Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, who is the second character splitting from him after he drank a chemical. Being inspired by the story, Stan Lee decided to make the Hulk a normal person as well as a monster that he would turn into for some reason. To make readers think the storyline is reasonable, he made the Hulk imbued by Gamma ray, which is the scientific word that he didn’t know what exactly it was. 1.2.3 Thor Thor is the God of Thunder and the son of Odin and Gaea. Due to his irresponsible behavior that threatened his homeland, Asgard, he was stripped of his power along with memories and banished to Earth as Dr. Donald Blake by his father Odin. During the vacation in Norway, Dr. Donald Blake was chased by the aliens for he witnessed them. To escape, he ran into the cave and found a gnarled wooden stick. The moment he held the stick, the stick turned out to be a hammer and he became back to Thor. Being the son of Odin and Gaea, Thor's strength, endurance, and resistance to injury are greater than any other of his superhuman race. His hammer, Mjolnir, can only be held by those who are worth it. Before he was deported from Asgard, he was reckless and haughty, and thought everything could 3 Are the Avengers Too White? An Analysis on Racism and the Characterization of Marvel’s Avengers be solved by power. But after becoming a lame human he flouted, he turned out to be a sympathetic and humble man. Eventually, he decided to protect the Earth and joined Avengers. In August 1962, Thor appeared in Journey Into Mystery #83, created by Stan Lee and Jack Kirby. Stan Lee said that he wanted to create “someone stronger than the strongest person” in an interview, so he made him a God. Greece and Roman mythology were both commonly known; as a result, he chose Thor, the God of Thunder in Norse mythology. 1.2.4 Iron Man Iron Man, also known as Tony Stark, was a handsome and intelligent billionaire owning a multinational industrial company called Stark Industries. When Stark went to Vietnam to test his invention, he triggered a booby-trap accidentally and was captured by the Red Guerrilla tyrant, Wong- Chu. Though Stark was severely wounded and there was a shrapnel approaching his heart, Wong-Chu forced him to develop high-tech inventions for him. Given access to huge amount of scarp and tools, Stark decided to make an iron armor for himself to keep the shrapnel from penetrating his heart and to escape from Wong-Chu’s headquarters.
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