DOCSLIB.ORG

Avail Ourselves of Those Extensive Channels of Trade”: an Examination of Trade Practices and Political Dynamics Within the Great Lakes Region

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Avail Ourselves of Those Extensive Channels of Trade”: an Examination of Trade Practices and Political Dynamics Within the Great Lakes Region TO “AVAIL OURSELVES OF THOSE EXTENSIVE CHANNELS OF TRADE”: AN EXAMINATION OF TRADE PRACTICES AND POLITICAL DYNAMICS WITHIN THE GREAT LAKES REGION By Jessica Lynn Yann A DISSERTATION Submitted to Michigan State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Anthropology – Doctor of Philosophy 2019 ABSTRACT TO “AVAIL OURSELVES OF THOSE EXTENSIVE CHANNELS OF TRADE”: AN EXAMINATION OF TRADE PRACTICES AND POLITICAL DYNAMICS WITHIN THE GREAT LAKES REGION By Jessica Lynn Yann The trade and exchange that was created by the influx of Europeans into North America as a means of harvesting the available resources grew to encompass many, if not all, of the Native American groups living there. Participation in this vast network during the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries (1760-1830) was regulated by various colonial political entities, however the tumultuous political scenario during this time created a situation in which Native Americans could use this economic network to their benefit. Using archaeological and archival information available for Native American villages and Euro-American traders present throughout the southern Great Lakes, this dissertation examines the specific nature of the economic relationships created, maintained, and expanded upon during this time period from a resource dependence perspective. Resource dependency theory was originally conceived of within business and organizational studies as a means of examining power between entities based on material transactions between the two. A resource dependency theory framework was applied to the data to determine the degree of economic dependence between Native American village organizations and the Euro-American traders who supplied them. These results were examined within the local historical context, where it was found that the traders were more dependent on the Native American groups than the Native Americans were on them. It was also observed that these economic relationships were related to the political alliances created during this time, as resource dependency theory suggested they may be, though on a very localized level. By further examining these relationships from a regional perspective, it is suggested that the economic network created by Europeans for resource extraction from the ‘new world’ allowed the Native groups they were trying to repress a means of alleviating the power differential and negotiating the situation to their benefit. This research demonstrates the applicability of a resource dependence perspective in providing a new focus and means of examining the relationship between the economic networks present and the political situation during the latter half of the eighteenth century and beginning of the nineteenth century in the southern Great Lakes region. Copyright by JESSICA LYNN YANN 2019 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This dissertation would never have been completed without financial support from a variety of sources. The archival information collected from the Newberry Library was complements of a Newberry Consortium in American Indian Studies Graduate Student Fellowship. This fellowship also allowed for dedicated time for writing, which resulted in much of chapter 3. Other travel to visit the various archives was complements of travel grants from the Michigan State University Department of Anthropology and the MSU Consortium for Native American Studies. Finally, a Dissertation Completion Fellowship through the Graduate School at Michigan State University allowed me the time and money to finally pull everything together into a cohesive work. I am thankful for this financial support in completing this research project. The information collected for this project came from a large number of repositories, and I give my sincere thanks to all for allowing me access/sharing their data: the Illinois SHPO for granting me site file access, the Indiana DHPA for site file and collections access, the Michigan SHPO for site file and collections access, the Northern Indiana Historical Society, Newberry Library, Indiana Historical Society, Grand Valley State University, Indiana University, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Mike Strezewski, Rob Mann, Mark Schurr, and everyone else who responded to my many (and sometimes repeated) requests for information. I am also greatly indebted to the many friends and colleagues I’ve interacted with over these last 9 years, for conversations, comments, and critiques on my thoughts and ideas surrounding this project. I would specifically like to thank Dr. Dean Anderson, the (now retired) State Archaeologist of Michigan in the Michigan SHPO, for his years of assistance, interest, and mentorship. I also need to thank Dr. Heather Walder, who has always been much more excited v about my research than I was, and has always offered thoughtful comments and suggestions on the directions was research was taking. I would not have made it this far without the guidance and assistance of my committee: Dr. Jodie O’Gorman, Dr. William Lovis, Dr. Ken Lewis, and Dr. Susan Sleeper-Smith. Their comments have improved the quality of this document and my research in general. I have benefitted greatly from their expertise. Finally, I would be remiss if I did not mention the general support I have received from all of the faculty and archaeological staff at Michigan State University in general; they have all been extremely supportive, and I would like to thank them for making this a worthwhile pursuit. vi TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES .......................................................................................................................... x LIST OF FIGURES ...................................................................................................................... xii Chapter 1: European Encounters, Native Exchange ....................................................................... 1 Statement of the Problem ............................................................................................................ 6 Research Questions and Hypotheses .......................................................................................... 7 Layout of this Dissertation ........................................................................................................ 10 Chapter 2: The “Fur Trade” and Trade Studies: A Background ................................................... 12 Diversity of Trade in North America, 1650-1780 .................................................................... 12 Canadian Shield/Hudson’s Bay ............................................................................................ 15 The Albany Iroquois Trade ................................................................................................... 16 Montreal/Northern Great Lakes ............................................................................................ 17 Southern Great Lakes/Ohio River Valley ............................................................................. 20 Trade Outside the Limits ...................................................................................................... 26 Economics of the Trade, 1750-1830 ......................................................................................... 27 Prominent Trade Locales ...................................................................................................... 35 Fort Detroit/Detroit ............................................................................................................ 36 Michilimackinac ................................................................................................................ 37 Kekionga and Fort Wayne ................................................................................................. 38 Fort Dearborn and Chicago ................................................................................................ 40 Peoria/Fort Clark ................................................................................................................ 41 Fort Vincennes ................................................................................................................... 42 Fort Ouiatenon ................................................................................................................... 42 Types of Goods Being Traded .............................................................................................. 44 Where goods are coming from .............................................................................................. 52 Trade from 1760-1820 .............................................................................................................. 55 Chapter 3: Theoretical Framework: Resource Dependency Theory ............................................. 56 Origins and Definitions of Resource Dependency Theory ....................................................... 56 Archaeological Approaches to Trade and Resource Dependency Theory ............................... 61 A Note on Dependency ............................................................................................................. 61 Trade Network Studies ............................................................................................................. 62 Improving Models of Trade with RDT ..................................................................................... 67 Applying RDT to the Middle Ground ......................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • DOCUMENT RESUME AUTHOR Sayers, Evelyn M., Ed. Indiana
    DOCUMENT RESUME ED 288 803 SO 018 629 AUTHOR Sayers, Evelyn M., Ed. TITLE Indiana: A Handbook for U.S. History Teachers. INSTITUTION Indiana State Dept. of Public Instruction, Indianapolis. SPONS AGENCY Indiana Committee for the Humanities, Indianapolis.; National Endowment for the Humanities (NFAH), Washington, D.C. PUB DATE 87 NOTE 228p. PUB TYPE Guides - Classroom Use Guides (For Teachers) (052) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC10 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS American Indian History; Archaeology; *Citizenship Education; Cultural Education; Curriculum Development; Curriculum Guides; Geography Instruction; Instructional Materials; Middle Schools; *Social Studies; State Government; *State History; *United States History IDENTIFIERS *Indiana; Northwest Territories ABSTRACT This handbook was developed to encourage more effective state citizenship through the teaching of state history. Attention is given to geographical factors, politics, government, social and economic changes, and cultural development. The student is introduced to the study of Indiana history with a discussion of the boundaries, topography, and geologic processes responsible for shaping the topography of the state. The handbook contains 16 chapters, each written by an expert in the field. The chapters are: (1) Indiana Geography; (2) Archaeology and Prehistory; (3) The Indians: Early Residents of Indiana, to 1679; (4) Indiana as Part of the French Colonial Domain, 1679-1765; (5) The Old Northwest under British Control, 1763-1783; (6) Indiana: A Part of the Old Northwest, 1783-1800; (7) The Old Northwest: Survey, Sale and Government; (8) Indiana Territory and Early Statehood, 1800-1825; (9) Indiana: The Nineteenth State, 1820-1877; (10) Indiana Society, 1865-1920; (11) Indiana Lifestyle, 1865-1920; (12) Indiana: 1920-1960; (13) Indiana since 1960; (14) Indiana Today--Manufacturing, Agriculture, and Recreation; (15) Indiana Government; and (16) Indiana: Economic Development Toward the 21st Century.
    [Show full text]
  • 9 the British Alliance of 1812–14
    9 The British Alliance of 1812–14 Chapter Outline This chapter examines the War of 1812 and, in particular, the role that Tecumseh had in this event. By the early 1800s, the intentions of the Americans were clear. The Americans were expanding, and it would be to the west where they would seek land. The War of 1812 can be viewed as a continu- ance of the American War of Independence, as this inconclusive war had left unresolved several im- portant matters, such as those relating to Indigenous Peoples and their lands. In a similar fashion to Obwandiyag, Tecumseh, a part-Shawnee and part-Cree leader, rose to the forefront as an advocate for a pan-Indigenous movement. Like Obwandiyag, Tecumseh was linked to a prophet. Tenskwa- tawa was known as the Shawnee Prophet and happened to be Tecumseh’s brother. Tenskwatawa argued that no particular tribe had the right to give up land as its own. Tecumseh had a particular disdain for Americans as both his father and brother were killed in US frontier wars. He chose to side with the British not because he favoured them but rather because he saw them as the lesser of two evils. Tecumseh challenged the cessions of lands that the Americans were obtaining, particularly those claimed in Indiana Territory. Throughout 1812 to 1813, Tecumseh led Indigenous forces to victory af- ter victory over the Americans. Tecumseh eventually met his demise at Moraviantown where, unsup- ported by British troops that had been promised, he was killed in October 1813. The death of Tecum- seh had immediate impacts since no leader could fill his role as a catalyst for a pan-Indigenous move- ment.
    [Show full text]
  • Indiana – Land of the Indians
    Indiana – Land of the Indians Key Objectives State Parks and Reservoirs Featured In this unit students will learn about American Indian tribes ■ Pokagon State Park stateparks.IN.gov/2973.htm in early Indiana and explore the causes of removal of three ■ Tippecanoe River State Park stateparks.IN.gov/2965.htm American Indian groups from Indiana, their resettlement ■ Prophetstown State Park stateparks.IN.gov/2971.htm during the 1830s, and what life is like today for these tribes. ■ Mississinewa Lake stateparks.IN.gov/2955.htm Activity: Standards: Benchmarks: Assessment Tasks: Key Concepts: Indiana Indian tribes Identify and describe historic Native American Indian removal groups who lived in Indiana before the time Be able to name the various American Home and Indiana rivers SS.4.1.2 of early European exploration, including ways Indian tribes who called Indiana home Language “Home” and what that the groups adapted to and interacted with and where in the state they lived. it means the physical environment. Indiana Indians today Explain the importance of major transporta- Identify important rivers in Indiana tion routes, including rivers, in the exploration, SS.4.3.9 and explain their value to people and settlement and growth of Indiana, and in the parks across time. state’s location as a crossroad of America. Understand that the way we write and Consult reference materials, both print and pronounce Indian words is different ELA.4.RV.2.5 digital, to find the pronunciation and clarify than how they may have originally been the precise meanings of words and phrases. spoken. Be able to describe the reasons why the American Indians were removed Identify and explain the causes of the removal and where they ended up settling, and Disruption SS.4.1.5 of Native American Indian groups in the state understand the lifeways and landscape of Tribal Life and their resettlement during the 1830s.
    [Show full text]
  • Anthony Wayne M Em 0 R· I a L
    \ I ·I ANTHONY WAYNE M EM 0 R· I A L 'I ' \ THE ANTHONY WAYNE MEMORIAL PARKWAY PROJECT . in OHIO -1 ,,,, J Compiled al tlze Request of the ANTHONY WAYNE MEMO RIAL LEGISLATIVE COMMITTEE by lhr O..H. IO STATE ARCHAEOLOGICAL and H ISTORICAL SOCIETY 0 00 60 4016655 2 I• Columbus, Ohio 1944 ' '.'-'TnN ~nd MONTGOMERY COt Jt-rt"-' =J1UC llBR.APV Acknowledgments . .. THE FOLLOWING ORGANIZATIONS ass isted lll the compilation of this booklet : The A nthony Wayne Memo ri al J oint L egislative Cammi ttee The Anthony \Vayne Memori al Associati on The! Toledo-Lucas County Planning Commiss ions The Ohio D epa1 rtment of Conservation and Natural Resources The Ohio Department of Highways \ [ 4 J \ Table of Contents I Anthony Wayne Portrait 1794_ ·---···-· ·--· _____ . ----------- ·----------------- -------------------. _____ Cover Anthony Wayne Portrait in the American Revolution ____________________________ F rrm I ispiece Ii I I The Joint Legislative Committee_______ --------····----------------------------------------------------- 7 i· '#" j The Artthony Wayne Memorial Association ___________________________________ .-------------------- 9 I· The Ohio Anthony Wayne Memorial Committee _____________________________________ ---------- 11 I I I Meetings of the Joint Legislative Committee·------·--------- -·---------------------------------- 13 I I "Mad Anthony" Wayne a'dd the Indian \Vars, 1790-179.'---------------------------------- 15 lI The Military Routes of Wa.yne, St. Clair, and Harmar, 1790-179-t- ___________ . _______ 27 I The Anthony Wayne Memorial
    [Show full text]
  • Ouiatenon Story
    Ouiatenon— Fort Ouiatenon A French officer, four French Marines, and a countryside as well. The country was rich in blacksmith arrived by canoe to what would become resources; the Wabash was teaming with fish and Fort Ouiatenon in 1717. They had been sent by beaver, the Wea Plain was the home of woodland the governor of New France at the request of the bison, and the surrounding forested hills Ouia (sometimes spelled as ‘Wea’), a band of the contained deer and wild turkeys. The villages’ Miami tribe, who two years earlier had called for associated fields of corn, beans, and pumpkins a missionary and blacksmith to come and live with covered two leagues, or over four miles. them along the River Ouabache (Wabash River). Although the fort was surrounded by a log The establishment of Fort Ouiatenon was an stockade, it was not a military garrison as much important move on the part of the French. During as it was a trading post. No more than twenty this time, the British were moving inland from soldiers served at the post at any time. Some their coastal colonies, looking to exploit the vast four hundred bales of furs were produced by the resources of the North American continent. They Miami each year and traded to the twenty or sought access to territories claimed by the French more traders who journeyed from Detroit with crown, and tried to bring the Native American goods such as blankets, guns, knives, tomahawks, tribes into the British sphere of influence. cloth, glass beads, mirrors, silver brooches, and The French, through the services of the Sieur de brandy.
    [Show full text]
  • RELAX. REFUEL. RECHARGE. “Adopt the Pace of Nature: Her Secret Is Patience.” — Ralph Waldo Emerson
    RECREATION RELAX. REFUEL. RECHARGE. “Adopt the pace of nature: her secret is patience.” — Ralph Waldo Emerson Young or old, you will thoroughly enjoy the many wonderful activities and places to visit, all of which offer great opportunities to relax, refuel and recharge. BASEBALL & SOFTBALL ARMSTRONG PARK: 821 Beck Ln., Lafayette LOEB STADIUM: 1915 Scott St., Columbian — 3 baseball fields. Park, Lafayette — Baseball field. CUMBERLAND PARK: 3101 N. Salisbury St., LYBOLT SPORTS PARK: 1300 Canal Rd., West Lafayette — 2 lighted softball fields, Lafayette — 3 lighted youth baseball fields. baseball field. MARLEN PARK: 5000 S. 150 E., Lafayette — FAITH COMMUNITY CENTER: 5526 Mercy Lighted softball diamond. Way, Lafayette — Softball field. MCCAW PARK: 3745 Union St., Lafayette — FAMILY SPORTS CENTER: 3242 W. 250 N., 3 lighted youth baseball fields. West Lafayette — Softball/ baseball field. MURDOCK PARK: 2100 Cason St., Lafayette — Softball field. BASKETBALL ARLINGTON PARK: 1635 Arlington Rd., MCALLISTER RECREATION CENTER: Lafayette 2351 N. 20th St., Lafayette, 765-807-1360 ARMSTRONG PARK: 821 Beck Ln., Lafayette MCCAW PARK: 3745 Union St., Lafayette CENTENNIAL PARK: 600 Brown St., Lafayette MURDOCK PARK: 2100 Cason St., Lafayette CUMBERLAND PARK: 3101 N. Salisbury St., NORTH DARBY PARK: 14 Darby Ln., Lafayette West Lafayette PARKWEST FITNESS: 1330 Win Hentschel Blvd., FAITH COMMUNITY CENTER: 5526 Mercy West Lafayette, 765-464-3435 Way, Lafayette, 765-449-4600 SHAMROCK PARK: 115 Sanford St., Lafayette FAMILY SPORTS CENTER 3242 W. 250 N., : SOUTH TIPP PARK: 300 Fountain St., Lafayette West Lafayette, 765-464-0100 TOMMY JOHNSTON PARK: 200 S. Chauncey HANNA PARK: 1201 N. 18th St., Lafayette Ave., West Lafayette LINWOOD PARK: 1500 Greenbush St., YWCA: *1950 S.
    [Show full text]
  • Kethtippecanunk, a Mixed 18Th- and Early L9th-Century Town on the Banks of the Tippecanoe River- Recent Research by Jones, James R., III
    Kethtippecanunk, A mixed 18th- and early l9th-century town on the banks of the Tippecanoe river- recent research by Jones, James R., III Jones, James R., III (Department of Anthropology, Indiana University- Indianapolis ) KETHTIPPECANUNK, A MIXED 18TH- AND EARLY l9TH-CENTURY TOWN ON THE BANKS OF THE TIPPECANOE RTVER- RECENT RESEARCH Early aboriginal, and later, mixed Euroamerican-Indian occupations near the mouth of the Tippecanoe River are reported in documents during the latter two-thirds of the 18th century, and continue until the early 1800s. Inhabitants or users of the area included Native Americans such as the Wea, other Miami groups, the Potawatomi, and Euroamericans such as French traders. By the late 1700s, the mixed French-Indian town of Kethtippecanunk (site 12 T S9) was flourishing there, and consisted of a large number of substantial structures and a predominantly Euroamerican settlement style, until destroyed by militia in 1791. Analysis of past surface artifact collections from the site (1984- present), and controlled archaeological and magnetometer reconnaissance by IU-Indianapolis in 1987, reveal an occupation quite different from the downstream sites of the Wea Village (12 T 6), Fort Ouiatenon (12 T 9), and the "Kickapoo Mascouten" area north of the fort. Given its cultural "mix" and utilitarian emphasis upon trading, artifacts from Kethtippecanunk were expected to reflect a predominantly Euroamerican pattern, especially in terms of architectural, construction, hardware, and kitchen items. Comparison of 12 T 59 to the other 18th-century sites in the region should help reveal differential patterns of acculturation and historic development for the various early historic cultures in Tippecanoe County.
    [Show full text]
  • The Frontiers of American Grand Strategy: Settlers, Elites, and the Standing Army in America’S Indian Wars
    THE FRONTIERS OF AMERICAN GRAND STRATEGY: SETTLERS, ELITES, AND THE STANDING ARMY IN AMERICA’S INDIAN WARS A Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences of Georgetown University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Government By Andrew Alden Szarejko, M.A. Washington, D.C. August 11, 2020 Copyright 2020 by Andrew Alden Szarejko All Rights Reserved ii THE FRONTIERS OF AMERICAN GRAND STRATEGY: SETTLERS, ELITES, AND THE STANDING ARMY IN AMERICA’S INDIAN WARS Andrew Alden Szarejko, M.A. Thesis Advisor: Andrew O. Bennett, Ph.D. ABSTRACT Much work on U.S. grand strategy focuses on the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. If the United States did have a grand strategy before that, IR scholars often pay little attention to it, and when they do, they rarely agree on how best to characterize it. I show that federal political elites generally wanted to expand the territorial reach of the United States and its relative power, but they sought to expand while avoiding war with European powers and Native nations alike. I focus on U.S. wars with Native nations to show how domestic conditions created a disjuncture between the principles and practice of this grand strategy. Indeed, in many of America’s so- called Indian Wars, U.S. settlers were the ones to initiate conflict, and they eventually brought federal officials into wars that the elites would have preferred to avoid. I develop an explanation for settler success and failure in doing so. I focus on the ways that settlers’ two faits accomplis— the act of settling on disputed territory without authorization and the act of initiating violent conflict with Native nations—affected federal decision-making by putting pressure on speculators and local elites to lobby federal officials for military intervention, by causing federal officials to fear that settlers would create their own states or ally with foreign powers, and by eroding the credibility of U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Your Guide to Indiana History
    What’s A Hoosier? Your Guide to Indiana History Distributed by: State Rep. Karen Engleman [email protected] www.IndianaHouseRepublicans.com 1-800-382-9841 Table of Contents 3 Indiana Facts 4 Native American Heritage 5 Early Hoosiers and Statehood 7 Agriculture and the Hoosier Economy 8 Hoosier Contributions 9 Famous Hoosiers 10 History Scramble 11 Indiana History Quiz 12 Indiana History Quiz Continued 13 Answers to Quizzes Information for this booklet made possible from: www.indianahistory.org, IN.gov and Indiana: The World Around Us MacMillian/McGraw - Hill, 1991 Indiana Facts STATE FLAG STATE SEAL POPULATION The star above the torch The State Seal depicts a Indiana is the 15th stands for Indiana, which pioneer scene portraying largest state. According was the 19th state to how the early people of to the 2010 U.S. join the Union. The state Indiana overcame the Census, 6,483,802 colors are blue and gold. wilderness. The seal has Hoosiers live here. been in use since 1801, adopted until 1963. but it was not officially STATE BIRD STATE CAPITAL STATE FLOWER In 1933, the The capital of Indiana From 1931 to 1957, cardinal was is Indianapolis. The the zinnia was the selected as the state Statehouse is located bird by the Indiana in Indianapolis. In 1957, the Indiana General Assembly. stateGeneral flower Assembly of Indiana. Indiana capital from adopted the peony as Corydon1813 wasto 1825. the first the state flower. 3 Our Native American Heritage Indiana means “the land of the Indians.” Early Native Americans lived like nomads. A nomad is a person who moves from place to place in search of food.
    [Show full text]
  • CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—HOUSE November 16, 1999 Here on This Floor
    29838 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—HOUSE November 16, 1999 here on this Floor. If we give China Gates and his company were applauded ory of tying. Now, if some competitor most-favored-nation status on a perma- for bringing yet more new wonderful comes along with a better browser, nent basis, then we will not be able to technology that will benefit all people frankly Microsoft can rapidly find react in any meaningful way. in this world. itself at the losing end of that competi- Madam Speaker, I have come to this Mr. Gates is a man who had a dream, tion, and there is no reason or ration- Floor three times, to vote in favor of a focus, a passion, an intelligence, and ale to apply the theory of tying one giving China most-favored-nation sta- the savvy which for 25 short years has product with another in the computer tus one more year, and a second year, revolutionized the computer industry. world; as Professor George Priest has and a third year, because I am not Today, because of Bill Gates and his so aptly stated. As such, the tradi- ready to use our most powerful weapon colleagues in the computer industry, tional tying theory, Professor Priest in the Chinese-U.S. trade relationship people like me, my family, my grand- argues, may be irrelevant in this case at this time. But it is a long way be- mother, my wife’s father, Hoosiers all because it simply did not apply to com- tween saying we are not willing to use over Indiana, and Americans every- puters.
    [Show full text]
  • Native Americans, Europeans, and the Raid on Pickawillany
    ABSTRACT “THE LAND BELONGS TO NEITHER ONE”: NATIVE AMERICANS, EUROPEANS, AND THE RAID ON PICKAWILLANY In 1752, the Miami settlement at Pickawillany was attacked by a force of Ottawa and Chippewa warriors under the command of a métis soldier from Canada. This raid, and the events that precipitated it, is ideally suited to act as a case study of the role of Native American peoples in the Ohio Country during the first half of the eighteenth century. Natives negotiated their roles and borders with their British and French neighbors, and chose alliances with the European power that offered the greatest advantage. Europeans were alternately leaders, partners, conquerors and traders with the Natives, and exercised varying levels and types of control over the Ohio Country. Throughout the period, each of the three groups engaged in a struggle to define their roles in regards to each other, and to define the borders between them. Pickawillany offers insights into this negotiation. It demonstrates how Natives were not passive victims, but active, vital agents who acted in their own interest. The events of the raid feature a number of individuals who were cultural brokers, intermediaries between the groups who played a central, but tenuous, role in negotiations. It also exhibits the power of ritual violence, a discourse of torture and maiming that communicated meanings to friends and rivals alike, and whose implications shaped the history of the period and perceptions of Natives. Luke Aaron Fleeman Martinez May 2011 “THE LAND BELONGS TO NEITHER ONE”:
    [Show full text]
  • 2019 Indiana Archaeology Journal Vol. 14. No. 1
    INDIANA ARCHAEOLOGY Volume 14 Number 1 2019 Indiana Department of Natural Resources Division of Historic Preservation and Archaeology (DHPA) ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Indiana Department of Natural Resources Cameron F. Clark, Director and State Historic Preservation Officer Division of Historic Preservation and Archaeology (DHPA) Beth K. McCord, Director and Deputy State Historic Preservation Officer DHPA Archaeology Staff Amy L. Johnson, State Archaeologist, Archaeology Outreach Coordinator, and Team Leader for Archaeology Cathy L. Draeger-Williams, Archaeologist Rachel A. Sharkey, Research Archaeologist Wade T. Tharp, Archaeologist Editor: Amy L. Johnson Guest Editor: James R. Jones III, Ph.D. Editorial Assistance: Cathy Draeger-Williams, Rachel Sharkey, and Beth K. McCord Additional acknowledgments: The editors wish to thank the authors, as well as all of those who participated in, and contributed to, the archaeological projects which are highlighted. The U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service is gratefully acknowledged for their support of Indiana archaeological research as well as this volume. Cover design: The images which are featured on the cover are from the articles included in this journal. This publication has been funded in part by a grant from the U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service’s Historic Preservation Fund administered by the Indiana Department of Natural Resources, Division of Historic Preservation and Archaeology. Projects discussed in several of the articles also received federal financial assistance for the identification, protection, and/or rehabilitation of historic properties and cultural resources in the State of Indiana. However, the contents and opinions contained in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the U.S.
    [Show full text]