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The Radiochemistry of Aluminum and Gallium

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The Radiochemistry of Aluminum and Gallium v National Research Council m NUCLEAR SCIENCE SERIES The ~Radiochemistry of Aluminum and Gallium I “s, 1 ————.. —.., .,: COMMITTEE ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE L. F. CUR~, Chairman ROBLEY D. EVANS, ViceChatrman NsfionalBureauofstandards MaemiclmaertaLgstinw.eofTechnology J.A. DeJUREN, .%mretary Weatinghou,geElectriccorporation C. J.BORKOWSKI J.W-.IRV~E, JR. O=k RidgeNaticmaiLaborawry MaaeachueettaInstituteofTecimol~ ROBERT G. COCHIMN E. D. KLEMA Texas A@culturaland Mechanical Nordmestmm Unfverst~ College W. WAYNE MEINKE SAMUEL EP8TELN UniversityofMichigan CaliforniaInstituteofTechnology J.J.NICKSON U. FANO Memorial Hospital,New York NationalBWSSU ofStandards ROBERT L. PLATZMAN Laboratoirede ChimiePhysique HERBERT GOLDSTEIN NuclearDevelopmentCorpx%mionof D. M. VAN PATTER America Bamcd ResearohFoundation LIAISON MEMBERS PAUL C. AEBERSOLD CHARLES K. REED AtomioEnergyCommission U. S.~r Force J.HOWA.RDMOMILLEN ~~~~ E. WRIGHT NationalScieneeFoumM~ion OfficeofNavalReseamh SUBCOMMITTEE ON RADIOCHEMISTRY W. WAYNE MEJNKE, Ch.ui~ HAROLD KIRBY UniversityofMichigan Mound Laborato~ GREGORY R. CHOPPIN GEORGE LEDDICOTTE FloridaStem Universly Oak RidgeNationaiLaboratory GEORGE A. COWAN JULIAN NIELSEN Loa Alamoa ScientificLaboratory HanfoA Laboratories ARTHUR W. FA.EUIALL ELLIE P. STEINBERG I@lverslvofWashington A’gonneNationalLabormory JEROME HUDIS PETER C. STEVENSON BrookbavenNationalLabommry UnI~eraivofCalifornia!Llvermore) EARL HYDE LEO YAFFE UnlveraiWofC ellfornia(Berkeley) McGiilUniversity CONSULTANTS NATliAN BALLOU JAMES DeVOE Naval-ltadiologlcalDefenseLaboratory UniversityofMichigan ,- WILLIAM MARLOW . NauooalBureauofStsndards CW2-.7 CHEMISTRY LL74Y- C,l The Radiochemistry of Aluminum and Gallium JOHN E. LEWIS Aluminum Company of America Alcoa Research Laboratom”es . Physical Chemistry Division ~” New Kensington, Pennsylvania IssuanceDate:April1961 ....—_’------ .— Subcommittee on Radiochemistry National Academy of Sciences—National Research Council PrintedinUSA, Price$0.60.AvaileMe fromtheOfficeof Technlcel Services,DepartmentofCommerce,Washington25,D. C. FOREWORD The Subcommittee on Radlochemlstry is one of a number of subcommittees working under the Cmmlttee on Nuclear Science wlthti the National Academy of Sciences - National Research council . Its members represent government, tidustrlal, and university laboratories in the areas of nuclear chemist~ and analytical chemistry The Subcoinmitteehas concerned Itself with those areas of nuclear science which involve the chemist, such as the collec- tion and d“lstributionof radiochemlcal procedures, the estab- lishment of specifications for radi.ochemicallypure reagents, availability of cyclotron time for service irradlatlons,”the place of radi.ochemistryIn the undergraduate college program, etc. This series of monographs has grown out of the need for up-to-date compilations of radlochemlcal information and pro- cedures. The Subcommittee has.endeavored to present a series which will be of maxlrmx’nuse to the working scientist and which contains the latest available information. Each mono- graph collects In one volume the pertinent Information required for radlochemlcal work with an Indlvi.dualelement or a group of closely related elements. An expert in the radlochemi”stry of the particular element has written the monograph, follow= a standard format developed by the Subcommittee. The Atomic Energy Commission has sponsored the printing of the series. The Subcommittee Is confident these publications wI1l be useful not only to the radlochemlst but also to the research worker In other fields such as physics, biochemistry or medicine who wishes to use radlochemical techniques to solve a specific problem. W. Wayne Melnke, Chalman Subcommittee on Radlochemistry iii INTRODUCTJQIY ; This volume which deals with the radiochemlstry of alumlnum and galllum Is one of a series of monographs.on radlochemistry of.the elements. There Is Included a review of the nuclear and.chemical features ofpartlculaq interest to the radioche”rn’lst,a discu~sion of Droblems of dissolution of.a s~ple and,countlng techniques, and IYnally, a collection of radiochemical procedures for the’element a’s found In the literature. Two considerations dictated the decision to treat aluminum and gallium jointly In this monograph. First, and perhaps the most impor- tant, was the over-all slmllarlty In the chemistries of the elements. Secondly, a. cursory survey ,o~tfieradl,ochend.calapplications of iso- topes of the elements revealed appreciably more specific applications of isotopes of gallium than aluminum and it was felt that neither element warranted individual attention in ,separatemonographs. The series of monographs will cover all elements for which radio- chemlcal procedures are’perttnent. Plans Include revision of the monograph~perlodlca.lly as new.techniques. and procedures w,ur,ant. The reader ig ,therefore encouragedt”o call ,to the atten~~Qn of the author any published pr unpublished material on,theradio”c,hemlstry of alu- mlnum and gallium which idght,be Include,din a revised version of the monograph. CONTENTS >1. General Reviews of the Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry of AlumLnum and Galllum. ................ 1 II. General Reviews of the Radiochemistry of Aluminum and Gallium ..................................“..... z III. Tables Of 180tOK8 ................................ 2 Iv. Review of Those Features of Aluminum and GalliU Chemistry of Chief Interest to the Radiochemist... 5 A. Metallic State ................................ 5 B. Compounds of Aluminum and Gallium ............. 7 c. Gravimetric separations. ...................... 10 D. solvent Extraction Separations ................ 12 1!%. Ion Exchange Separations. .....................17 F. Electrolytic separations. ......... ............ 19 v. Dissolution of Samples Containing Compounds of Aluminum and Gzillium.............................. 20 A. Aluminum... ................................... 20 B. Gallium ....................................... 21 VI. CoUmting Techniques for’use with Isotopes “of XIu- minum and Gallium ................................. 22 A. Aluminum Isotopes... .......................... 22 B. Gsllium Isotopes ....................0......... 23 VII. Collection of Detailed Rad&ochemical Procedures.. 24 Procedure 1....................................... 24 Procedure 2............... ........................ 25 Procedure 3 ....................................... 26 Procedure 4....................................... 27 Procedure 5....................................... 29 Procedure 6....................................... 31 Procedure 7....................................... 32 Procedure 8........................................ 35 Procedure 9....................................... 39 Procedure 10...................................... 41 v . The kadiochemistry of Aluminum and Gal ium ,, ,: JOHN E. LEWIS Aluminum Company of America ,“ ~. Alcoa Research Laboratories Physical Chemistry Division .$ : N6w Kensington, Pen~ylvania . I. GENERAL REVIEWS OF THE INORGANIC AND ANALYTICAL CHEMI- STRY OF KUJMINUM AND GALLIUM (1) N. V. Sidgwick, “The Chemical Elements -d Their com- p6unds, “ oxford University Press, London (1950 ). (2) W. R. Schoe\ler and, A. R. POW1l, “The Analysis of . Minerals and ores o f the Rarer:,Elements, “ 3rd Edition, Hafner Publishing Ccqrpany, New York (1955). “(3) “W. F. Hlll&rand,” G. E.’ F. Lundell, ‘H. h.’ Bfigh”t and J. I.”Hoffman, “Appiied Inorganic Analy’tiis,‘r2nd E“dL- ,,,, tion, John Wiley and SoIiS, I“nc., New Yotk “(1953).’ .,,. .:.’ W. D. Wilkinson, “properties of Gallium, ” Argonne (4) ,, National Laboratory Report No. ANL-4109 (1948). (5) Etich Einecke., “Das Gallium” Verlag von Leopold Voss; Leipzig (1937”), Lith6print Edition by J. ‘W’.Edwards, Ann Akbor, “Michigan (1944).’ ‘,”, 1 (6) J. Dolezal, V. Patrovs~. Z. Sulcek and J. Svaata, “Analytical Chemistry of Gallium, ” Chem. Listy —40, 1517 (1955). II. GENERAL REVIEWS OF ~ RADI~ISTRY OF AIUMIIQUM AND At this writing, the author 18 not aware of any ,.,,. ., .; ,. publication “&ich ‘qualifies to be classified as a review of the radiochemistry OF either aluminum or gallium. How- ever, a series of articles, authored by R,ightiire and associates, ‘1’2’3’4) pertaining to the identification of . long-lived Al 26 isotope, deserves special mention in this . ... ,., ,... ,, category. III. TABLES OF ’ISOTOPES .,, ,.. The most significant recent contribution to the field of aluminum iadiochemist~ was the ‘diec”bve~, by’ ‘ Shnanton et””al.,(l)ofWe ~ong-l~ved A126, is~iic ’with the meta8t@ble ,6.6 sec.. isotope.; AS tfie autho& tiirit””:outi, until the time of the discovery in 1954, ,aluminum -s the .. ‘, only element devoid of a suitxle is,otope for tracer exper- ,,- ,. Iments. me half-lives of,the A128 aqd AI*9 isotopes -e sufficiently long to permit their use in specific applica- . .. tions such “as activation smaiysis’, but this use has been confined “to laboratories fortunate enough to-have their own irradiation, ,facilities. ,, currently a number. of manufacturers are offering laboratory size nmtcon s,ourcea and it in an- ticipated that short-lived isotopes such as Al*.a E@l A129 2 will find increased application in future radiotracer in- vestigations. T&le I ISOTOPES OF ALUMINUM* Some Typical TYPe of Energy of Modes of Half -Life Decay Radiation Formation . 13 Bee. -8.5 ~g24 (p,n) 1.3a -7.l 7.6 BeC. s+ 3.2 ie (p,n) ~+ 6.6 Oec. 3.2 Mg25 (d,n) M926(d,2n) axlo5y ec Mg25 (d,n) @ 1.16 M926 (p,n) 1’ 1.83,1.14 A127 (n,2n) 100% Abundance ----- (Stable ) 2.27 min. @- 2.86 :Pj (n,7) ‘Y
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