DOCSLIB.ORG

Alaska Highway Nomination: Findings Report for Year 1

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Alaska Highway Nomination: Findings Report for Year 1 2012 Alaska Highway Nomination: Findings Report for Year 1 www.ouralaskahighway.com Final Report for 2011-12 Notice to Readers Report prepared for: The Alaska Highway Community Society The sponsor of this project is: April Moi Community Development (North East) Northern British Columbia Tourism Association 9523 100th Street, Fort St. John, BC V2L 3L2 T: 250 785-2544 F: 250 785-4424 Toll Free: 888 785-2544 E: [email protected] www.northernbctourism.com All questions about the project or product should be directed to the sponsor. The primary author of this report is: Julie Harris, M.Mus.Studies, CAHP Contentworks, Inc. 137 Second Avenue, Suite 1 Ottawa, ON K1S 2H4 T: 613 730-4059 F: 613 730-4054 E: [email protected] The authors of the History appendix are Alice Glaze and Natascha Morrison of Contentworks Inc. Alice Glaze and Joan Bard Miller, Contentworks, and John Bass, Intrinsic Tourism Solutions, assisted with the report. July 2012 “Through the courtesy of the Canadian government and people, American troops and workmen have been privileged to help build this road on Canadian soil. For those who had a share in its construction, the Al-Can Highway will be an indelible memory, a memory in which, as the years go by, they can take justifiable pride and satisfaction. To all the distant generations to come, I pray that this road will be an unbreakable bond of understanding between our lands. It is truly a symbol that we are good neighbours for all time.” -Brigadier General James O’Connor at the ceremony opening the Alaska Highway, November 20, 1942 Acknowledgments The consultants would like to thank: April Moi and Bud Powell of the AHCS for their commitment to this project and for their hospitality during site visits and meetings Lorelei McKenzie of the NBCTA, who is a strong advocate for telling the story of the Alaska Highway Corridor Roger Gregoire, for his support during site visits and in meetings NENAS story collector Denise Menard for sharing her ideas about why the Indigenous experience of the Alaska Highway needs to be known NENAS story collector and local historian Mimi Needlay for providing insights and clarifications about First Nation history Staff of Parks Canada (especially Lyle Dick and Julie Dompierre) and BC Heritage Branch (Pamela Copley and Ursula Pfahler) for their informative and practical suggestions regarding the structure and scope of the project. We are also grateful to others (listed in Appendix A) who took time out of busy schedules to learn about the project, and contribute ideas and information. We take responsibility for errors and misinterpretations, and would be pleased to receive comments through Ms. Moi. Julie Harris, Contentworks Inc. and on behalf of Alice Glaze, Leslie Maitland, Joan Bard Miller and Natascha Morrison About Contentworks Inc. Contentworks is an Ottawa-based heritage consulting firm with expertise in the assessment and planning for the conservation and public appreciation of historic places across Canada. The firm is managed by Julie Harris, who has worked in the heritage sector since 1981 as a consultant and for Parks Canada. She is a member of the Canadian Association of Heritage Professionals. Staff and associates who assisted with the Alaska Highway Corridor project include: Alice Glaze, Historian; Natascha Morrison, Historian/Educator; Leslie Maitland, Historian/Heritage Planner; and Joan Bard Miller, Information Manager. Acronyms AHCS – Alaska Highway Community Society NHSC – National Historic Site of Canada HSMBC – Historic Sites and Monuments Board of NRAHTA - Northern Rockies Alaska Highway Canada Tourism Association BC MFLNRO – BC Ministry of Forest Lands and NRRM – Northern Rockies Regional Municipality Natural Resources Operations NWSR – Northwest Staging Route NBCTA – Northern British Columbia Tourism PRRD – Peace River Regional District Association PWGSC – Public Works and Government Services NENAS – Northeast Native Advancing Society Canada Photo Credits Cover photo - Lower Liard River Bridge, 2010. Photo copyright: Contentworks Inc. Acknowledgments – Steel bridge over the Aishihik River (Canyon Creek), c.1960s. Yukon Archives, John Scales Fonds, 91/91 #28, PHO 481. Executive Summary – Racing River Bridge, 2010. Photo copyright: Contentworks Inc. Introduction – View of mountains along the Alaska Highway northwest of Fort Nelson, 2011. Photo copyright Contentworks Inc. Backgrounder on Cultural Heritage – Old Kiskatinaw Bridge, along an original alignment of the Alaska Highway, 2012. Photo copyright: Contentworks Inc. The Alaska Highway Corridor’s Cultural Heritage – Cutting the ribbon at the official opening of the Alaska Highway, November 20, 1942, at Soldier’s Summit. Yukon Archives, Aubrey Simmons Fonds, 82/192 #9, PHO 152. Soldiers carrying flags and “the first truck to run from Dawson Creek to Fairbanks” take part in the official opening of the Alaska Highway, November 20, 1942, at Soldier’s Summit. Yukon Archives, Aubrey Simmons Fonds, 82/192 #10, PHO 152. Findings – Racing River, near Racing River Bridge, 2010. Photo copyright: Contentworks Inc. Analysis – Near 113 Creek Bridge, 2010. Photo copyright: Contentworks Inc. Recommendations – View of a town and construction camp along the Alaska Highway, c.1942-45. Library and Archives Canada, MIKAN no. 4234293. Road Map – Jackfish Creek Bridge, 2010. Photo copyright: Contentworks Inc. Background Sources for Heritage Planning – A surveyor working on the construction of the Frances River Bridge in Yukon, c.1943. Library and Archives Canada, MIKAN no. 4235131. Contents ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .................................................................................................................................. 1 ABOUT CONTENTWORKS INC. ................................................................................................................................ 1 ACRONYMS ........................................................................................................................................................ 1 PHOTO CREDITS .................................................................................................................................................. 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................................................. 1 BACKGROUND .................................................................................................................................................... 1 KEY FINDINGS ..................................................................................................................................................... 2 RECOMMENDATIONS ........................................................................................................................................... 3 1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................... 7 1.1 ABOUT THE FINDINGS REPORT .................................................................................................................. 7 1.2 ALASKA HIGHWAY COMMUNITY SOCIETY .................................................................................................... 8 1.3 KISKATINAW RIVER BRIDGE NOMINATION .................................................................................................. 9 1.4 NOMINATION OF THE ALASKA HIGHWAY CORRIDOR AS A NHSC ..................................................................... 9 1.5 ADVANTAGES OF COMMEMORATION ....................................................................................................... 10 1.6 THE 2011-12 PROJECT ......................................................................................................................... 11 2 BACKGROUNDER ON CULTURAL HERITAGE ....................................................................................... 13 2.1 CULTURAL HERITAGE AND CULTURAL RESOURCES ...................................................................................... 13 2.2 CONCEPTS .......................................................................................................................................... 14 2.2.1 Commemoration by the HSMBC ................................................................................................. 14 2.2.2 Heritage Value ............................................................................................................................ 16 2.2.3 Character-defining elements ...................................................................................................... 16 2.2.4 Conservation ............................................................................................................................... 16 2.2.5 Cultural landscapes ..................................................................................................................... 16 2.2.6 Cultural Resource Management ................................................................................................. 17 2.3 ROLES IN HERITAGE CONSERVATION ........................................................................................................ 18 2.3.1 Federal ........................................................................................................................................ 19 2.3.2 British Columbia .......................................................................................................................... 20 2.3.3 Yukon .........................................................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Second Joint Caribou Meeting – Ross River Dena and Sahtú Region, Aug
    Summary Report Second Joint Caribou Meeting – Ross River Dena and Sahtú Region Held Aug. 31-Sep. 2, 2016 Tulı́t'a, NT Correct citation: 2017. DRAFT Summary Report: Second Joint Caribou Meeting – Ross River Dena and Sahtú Region, Aug. 31-Sep. 2, 2016, Tulıt́ ’a, NT. Consultant’s report prepared July 2017 by Janet Winbourne for the Ɂehdzo Got’ı̨nę Gots’e ̨́ Naḱ edı (Sahtú Renewable Resources Board). Tulıt́ ’a, NT. 45 pp. Cover photo: Jean Polfus Ross River Dena Council and Sahtú representatives i 2016 Meeting Summary The 2016 Joint Mountain Caribou Meeting was held August 31 to September 2 in Tulıt́ 'a, NT. Co-hosted by the Tulıt́ 'a and Norman Wells Renewable Resources Councils, the intent of the meeting was to work with the Ross River Dena Council to address concerns about the well-being of Gudzih / Shuh́ ta Goɂepe ̨́ in the Dechenla / K’á Tǝ́ (Macmillan Pass / Canol) area. The meeting was a follow-up to the first meeting held in 2014, when Sahtú delegates were hosted in Tu Łidlini (the community of Ross River), Yukon Territory. Discussions at the first ‘cross-boundary’ meeting in 2014 helped to clarify problems, create dialogue, and build relationships between representatives of different regions, different levels of government, business and community members. If the first meeting helped to set the foundation necessary for future cooperative action, the second was more about finding Photo: Deborah Simmons, SRRB solutions to the problems identified previously. Some priorities identified for immediate action in 2016 include: Monitoring the harvest Restricting access & educating hunters Communication & finding support Protecting habitat.
    [Show full text]
  • The CANOL TRAIL BACKGROUND
    TRAILG hI hLIGhTS ML I e 8: Most of Camp CANOL was bulldozed to the The CANOL TRAIL ground in 1977. A few derelict Quonset huts remain. The old post office that has been used recently for stabling BACKGROUND horses still stands. c a EmGC eR eN y SheLTeR MILe 22: The N oe government built an emergency tent shelter at Twenty- N CANOL, short for Canadian Oil, was a project funded or five Mile Creek, but bears and weather have opened it t H m a ar by the American military to build a pipeline from to the 4 winds. d V K e P N a t tric Norman Wells, Northwest Territories to Whitehorse, mil e 36: (Cover) One of the most commonly visited U r es Yukon during World War II as the result of a possible sites, one of the only remaining pumphouse structures. K Japanese attack on Alaska in 1942. ML I e 42-43: Partially submerged caboose in creek bed. Two cabooses and a trailer [are] in line on the road. The pipeline was required to provide oil for machinery, P SUMP TATION # 4. MILe 108: Many buildings and vehicles remain. One Quonset hut in good vehicles and aircraft used in the construction of the condition with stove, table, {some} cots. The road at Alaska Highway and to meet the demands of the U.S. camp 108 is used as a short, narrow airstrip. and Canadian Troops in the far north that required a ML I e # 170: PUMP STATION #5: Pump house, c a N steady supply of oil.
    [Show full text]
  • Randonnées De Rêve Dans L'ouest Canadien Et En Alaska
    Xavier Simon Bonacorsi Deschênes Nos Photographe, kinésiologue, constructeur Enseignant de profession, Simon et disciple de la maxime : « la vie se Deschênes est un passionné de passe dehors », Xavier Bonacorsi randonnée en montagne et un adepte auteurs, s’est découvert une passion pour la de la course sur sentier. Fervent de véritables montagne et la longue randonnée alors d’aventure, il a parcouru plusieurs qu’il habitait Whistler, en Colombie- régions montagneuses un peu partout passionnés Britannique, il y a une trentaine en Amérique du Nord, notamment dans d’années. S’il a depuis planté sa tente l’Ouest canadien, au Québec et dans de randonnée et usé ses bottes dans les chemins de l’Est américain, et a contribué aux montagne de plusieurs pays, il conserve guides Ulysse Randonnée pédestre au une affection particulière pour la nature Québec et Randonnée pédestre Nord-Est sauvage et grandiose de l’Amérique des États-Unis. Été comme hiver, il est du Nord. Xavier écrit maintenant pour toujours prêt à enfiler ses bottes de divers magazines de photographie, randonnée pour partir à la découverte de d’entraînement et de plein air. On peut nouveaux sentiers. Maintenant papa de entre autres lire ses récits de voyage jumelles, il initie ses deux enfants aux d’aventure et ses tests d’équipement de plaisirs de la randonnée et de l’aventure. plein air dans le magazine Espaces et sur www.nature-humaine.ca. Rodolphe Anne Frédérique Lasnes Pélouas Sauvée Rodolphe Lasnes est écrivain, auteur Anne Pélouas a commencé à faire de Jamais loin de ses chaussures de guides de voyage et passionné de la randonnée avec sac à dos à l’âge de marche, Frédérique Sauvée randonnée.
    [Show full text]
  • CANOL Trail Project Supporting Document 2 – Engagement Plan
    CANOL Trail Project Supporting Document 2 – Engagement Plan and Log Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Canada Contaminants and Remediation Directorate January 2015 Page | 0 Table of Contents Project Description .................................................................................................................................. 2 Goals/Objectives ..................................................................................................................................... 3 Project Background ................................................................................................................................. 4 Canol Trail History ............................................................................................................................... 4 Current Land Use ................................................................................................................................. 5 Identified Stakeholders/Engagement Participants ................................................................................... 5 Methods of Engagement ......................................................................................................................... 6 Previous Engagement Activities ........................................................................................................... 6 Proposed Engagement Activities Moving Forward ............................................................................... 7 Relationship Building ..............................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Resources and Development
    resources and development On August 25, 1920, the first oil gusher was hit at Norman Wells, bringing a rush of fortune seekers into the area. The discovery of pitchblend and gold marked another turning point in the economy of the Mackenzie District in the 1930s. The opening of the Sômba K’e (Port Radium) uranium mine on Great Bear Lake in 1933 created a new home market for oil. Production of petroleum at Norman Wells increased, especially with the additional demand created in 1937 by the opening of gold mines in Yellowknife. Imperial Oil built a new refinery, and drilled two new wells. Production went from 910 barrels per year in 1932 to over 22,000 in 1938. For the first time, mineral production exceeded fur production in value for the first time in the north. 59 Petroleum exploration With the Japanese bombing of Pearl Harbour in 1942, the United States Government planned to ensure a supply of fuel from Norman Wells via There is one thing I would like to say about the oil in Åe Gohlini (Norman a refinery at Whitehorse to Wells). What was the name of the man who found that oil? It was our own father, Francis Nineye. When he found the oil, he took a sample of it, put Alaska for military use. it in a lard pail and brought it out into Tulít’a. That same summer, he had The construction of the an accident and died. Canol pipeline for this pur- Now the white people turn around and claim they found the oil.
    [Show full text]
  • Nov/Dec Ac 2003
    Can’t you hear the Wild? – it’s calling you. Let us probe the silent places, let us seek what luck betide us; Let us journey to a lonely land I know. Let us whisper on the night-wind, there’s a star agleam to guide us, And the Wild is calling, calling…let us go. -Robert Service Where the Mountains Have No Name Story and Photos by Aaron Teasdale In the far, far north, where the wilder- This description appealed to me greatly. northwest to the border of the Northwest size of dinner plates. We’d gotten a late ness is vast and the hand of man is light, a I moved from the urban confines of Territories, a 285-mile earthen ribbon start that morning, and by the time we set dirt road wanders off from the Alaska Minneapolis to Montana, the place with the through some of the most scenic, untamed up camp on an open ledge over the road and Highway and carves a pathway into the hin- wildest country I could find, for those very country in North America. cook dinner, it’s 11:30 at night, which, terlands. A sign here reads, “Caution: nar- things. Yet here was a place that promised We never do see a grizzly bear that first given that it’s still light out, doesn’t feel all row, winding, wilderness road. No services the sweet rewards of wild nature on an even day, but as we climb into the mountains, that strange. next 232 kilometers.” On August 1st, 2005, greater scale — a kind of uber-Montana.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Preliminary Screening Report Form
    PRELIMINARY SCREENING REPORT FORM PRELIMINARY SCREENER: Sabrina Sturman EIRB REFERENCE NUMBER: REFERENCE / FILE NUMBER: S15J-002 TITLE: Regulatory Specialist APPLICANT: AANDC-CARD ORGANIZATION: Sahtu Land and Water Board DATE: July 16, 2015 Type of Development: (H) Fuel Storage Site Type of Development: New Development (CHECK ALL THAT APPLY) Amend, EIRB Ref. # Renew, EIRB Ref. # Requires permit, licence or authorization Does not require permit, licence or authorization Project Summary: Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development – Contaminants and Remediation Directorate (CARD) is the custodian of the Canol Trail, which has been identified as a Federal contaminated site. Activities proposed by CARD are intended to reduce the physical hazard associated with wire strewn along the entire length of the Trail (372 km). Community consultation has identified this project as priority due to the entanglement hazard for antlered wildlife (with documented animal loss) and tripping hazard for trail users. The Sahtu Land Claim Agreement allows for but does not require the establishment of a Territorial Park along the Canol Trail and Dodo Canyon. The Sahtu Land Use Plan has identified the area as Zone 39: Do Et’Q (Doi T’oh Territorial Park and Canol Heritage Trail Reservation). CARD is applying to the Sahtu Land and Water Board for a Type A LUP permit for establishing campsites outside of a territorial park for more than 400 person-days (11 to 15 people for 3 to 6 week collection periods) Camp locations have yet to be finalized and will move along the Trail as the project progresses. Due to logistical constraints the project has been proposed to occur over multiple years (4) and only during summer months with no over winter storage of equipment or fuel.
    [Show full text]
  • Alaska Highway Nomination: Findings Report for Year 1
    2012 Alaska Highway Nomination: Findings Report for Year 1 Final Report for 2011-12 Notice to Readers Report prepared for: The Alaska Highway Community Society The sponsor of this project is: April Moi Community Development (North East) Northern British Columbia Tourism Association 9523 100th Street, Fort St. John, BC V2L 3L2 T: 250 785-2544 F: 250 785-4424 Toll Free: 888 785-2544 E: [email protected] www.northernbctourism.com All questions about the project or product should be directed to the sponsor. The primary author of this report is: Julie Harris, M.Mus.Studies, CAHP Contentworks, Inc. 137 Second Avenue, Suite 1 Ottawa, ON K1S 2H4 T: 613 730-4059 F: 613 730-4054 E: [email protected] The authors of the History appendix are Alice Glaze and Natascha Morrison of Contentworks Inc. Alice Glaze and Joan Bard Miller, Contentworks, and John Bass, Intrinsic Tourism Solutions, assisted with the report. July 2012 “Through the courtesy of the Canadian government and people, American troops and workmen have been privileged to help build this road on Canadian soil. For those who had a share in its construction, the Al-Can Highway will be an indelible memory, a memory in which, as the years go by, they can take justifiable pride and satisfaction. To all the distant generations to come, I pray that this road will be an unbreakable bond of understanding between our lands. It is truly a symbol that we are good neighbours for all time.” -Brigadier General James O’Connor at the ceremony opening the Alaska Highway, November 20, 1942 Acknowledgments
    [Show full text]
  • 2007 Mactung Project Archaeological Investigations I
    2007 MacTung Project Archaeological Investigations i 2007 MACTUNG PROJECT ARCHAEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS Northwest Territories Archaeological Permit 2007-005 Yukon Archaeological Sites Regulations Permit 07-02ASR Prepared by Points West Heritage Consulting Ltd. 2592 – 204th Street Langley, B.C. V2Z 2B6 Prepared for EBA Engineering Consultants Ltd. 1066 West Hastings Street Vancouver, B.C. V6E 3X2 Brian Apland November 20, 2007 Points West Heritage Consulting Ltd. November 2007 2007 MacTung Project Archaeological Investigations ii Table of Contents 1. INTRODUCTION ..............................................................................................1 2. PROJECT DESCRIPTION AND STUDY AREA BACKGROUND ...............2 2.1. Project Description.....................................................................................................2 2.2. Biophysical Summary................................................................................................ 5 2.3. Cultural Summary...................................................................................................... 6 2.4. Archaeological Background.......................................................................................6 2.4.1. Previous Yukon Studies.............................................................................. 6 2.4.2. Previous Northwest Territories Studies ...................................................... 7 2.4.3. Previous MacTung Project Studies............................................................. 8 3. METHODOLOGY – 2007
    [Show full text]
  • Welcome to the Northwest Territories!
    Welcome to the Northwest Territories! A Tourism & Hospitality Workshop about the Northwest Territories The Government of the Northwest Territories and Northwest Territories Tourism gratefully acknowledge the Yukon Tourism Education Council for the template of the workbook. Last date revised: March 2015 2 Table of Contents Part One: Tourism & the Northwest Territories Information Introduction………………………………………………………….….… 4 Tourism Information…………….………………………………….…….. 5 A Look at Tourism Worksheet…………………………………………… 8 NWT Overview………………………………………………………....... 9 NWT Quiz………………………………………………………………... 10 Official Symbols of the NWT………………………………………...….. 12 Industry & Resources in the NWT……………………………………….. 14 Aboriginal Populations in the NWT………………………………….….. 17 Museums, Territorial & National Parks, Historic & Heritage Sites…….. 18 Territorial Parks………………………………………………….. 19 National Parks……………………………………………………. 21 Map of the NWT…………………………………………………….…… 25 NWT Community Descriptions………………………………….………. 27 Things to See & Do in NWT Communities………………………….…... 40 Knowing the NWT Worksheet…………………………………………. 44 Part Two: Visitor Hospitality Your Role in Tourism……………………………………………..……... 46 Positive Attitude Worksheet………………………………………...…… 48 Customer Service Tips………………………………………………...… 51 Quality Service Skills for Success………………………………………. 53 Customer Complaints Worksheet……………………………………….. 56 LEARN ………………………………………………………………… 57 Did You Know? ………………………………………………………… 58 Customer Concerns & Complaints…………………………….……...… 59 Workshop Evaluation…………………………………………………… 61 Welcome to
    [Show full text]
  • The Remote Wilderness of the N.W.T.'S Canol Heritage Trail Can
    WALKING THE LINE The remote wilderness of the N.W.T.’s Canol Heritage Trail can be hauntingly beautiful and frighteningly indifferent to trekkers who challenge it The aurora ghosts the sky above Dodo Canyon. STORY BY RYAN MURDOCK PHOTOGRAPHY BY COLIN O'CONNOR 44 Outpost MARCH/APRIL 2007 www.outpostmagazine.com www.outpostmagazine.com MARCH/APRIL 2007 Outpost 45 “Weather’s changing fast—I want to fly you wboys in tonight.” Photojournalist Colin O’Connor and I had barely touched down in Norman Wells, N.W.T., when a concerned Stan Simpson, owner of Ram Head Outfitters, rushed over to greet us with this news. It didn’t get any better. “Can you be ready in a couple hours? If we don’t go now you could be stuck here for days.” I thought Colin and I would have the evening to purchase last- minute supplies, double-check the equipment that would be our lifeline and send a final message home before dropping off the map. Instead, we rushed to pack the three crucial food caches that Stan, a virtuoso bush pilot, would later drop at strategic points along our route through the remote northern wilderness. Any mistakes and we could end up hungry, cold—or worse. Soon, the desolate grey peaks of the Mackenzie Mountains were towering all around us with stony gloom as Stan followed the twisting river valleys, seeking holes in the cloud cover and a safe passage through the storm. His hands were calm on the controls as the tiny Cessna dipped and shook on invisible currents, buffeted ABOVE: The Canol Heritage Trail cuts a slender by erratic winds that caused my stomach to plunge and roll.
    [Show full text]
  • Hiking and Backpacking
    $19.95 5 1 9 9 5 9 780897 325844 HIKING AND BACKPACKING Essential Skills, Equipment, and Safety HIKING AND BACKPACKING Essential Skills, Equipment, and Safety VICTORIA LOGUE Copyright © 2005 by Victoria Logue All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America Published by Menasha Ridge Press Distributed by Publishers Group West Second edition, second printing 2007 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Logue, Victoria, 1961– Hiking and backpacking : essential skills, equipment, and safety / by Victoria Steele Logue p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 10: 0-89732-584-2 ISBN 13: 978-0-89732-584-4 1. Hiking. 2. Backpacking. I. Title. GV199.5.L64 2005 796.51—dc22 2004059253 Photo credits: p. 280 by Victoria Logue; p. 159 by Frank Logue; pp. xi, 46, 264 by Russell Helms; p. 10 by Charles Liu; p. 43 by Diane Stresing; p. 175 by Paul Gerald; p. 177 by Sheri McGregor; p. 199 by Nathan Lott; p. 207 by Johnny Molloy; p. 211 by Travis Bryant Photos on pp. 8, 19, 167 courtesy of the Florida Trail Association Illustration on p. 165 by Tami Knight Cover photo by STOCK IMAGE/Alamy Cover and text design by Grant Tatum with Travis Bryant and Annie Long Menasha Ridge Press P. O. Box 43673 Birmingham, Alabama 35243 www.menasharidge.com CAUTION Outdoor recreational activities are by their very nature potentially haz- ardous. All participants in such activities must assume the responsibility for their own actions and safety. The information contained in this guide- book cannot replace sound judgment and good decision-making skills, which help reduce risk of injury and illness, nor does the scope of this book allow for disclosure of all potential hazards and risks involved in such activities.
    [Show full text]