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Sustainable Conservation Perspectives for Epiphytic Orchids in the Central Himalayas, Nepal
Adhikari et al.: Sustainable conservation perspectives for epiphytic orchids - 753 - SUSTAINABLE CONSERVATION PERSPECTIVES FOR EPIPHYTIC ORCHIDS IN THE CENTRAL HIMALAYAS, NEPAL ADHIKARI, Y. P.1* ‒ FISCHER, A.1 ‒ PAULEIT, S.2 1Geobotany, Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, Center for Food and Life SciencesWeihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, 85354 Freising, Germany (phone: +49-8161-71-5855; fax: +49-8161-71-4738) 2Strategic Landscape Planning and Management, Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, Center for Food and Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Emil-Ramann-Str. 6, D-85354 Freising Germany *Corresponding author e-mail: [email protected] (Received 19th Nov 2014; accepted 23rd Dec 2014) Abstract. Anthropogenic disturbances are major drivers of biodiversity loss. This is especially true for subtropical and tropical forest ecosystems. Epiphytes are plants that grow upon another plant (often trees) and, thus, fundamentally depend on their hosts. Epiphytic plants are diverse and can create important microcosms for many other organisms, including micro-organisms, insects, birds and mammals, which are rarely encountered on the floor. We identified the main habitat requirements for the conservation of epiphytic orchids and we outline key areas to focus on when designing management strategies for their protection and sustainable utilization. This approach is based on a review of the literature, as well as our own research on habitat requirements and the distribution of epiphytic orchids along a gradient from natural habitats to single trees in urban areas in the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal. Key areas to focus on for the sustainable conservation and utilization of epiphytic orchids are (i) habitat protection, (ii) habitat restoration, and (iii) the socio-economic relevance (utilization to fundraising) of conservation. -
Diversity and Distribution of Vascular Epiphytic Flora in Sub-Temperate Forests of Darjeeling Himalaya, India
Annual Research & Review in Biology 35(5): 63-81, 2020; Article no.ARRB.57913 ISSN: 2347-565X, NLM ID: 101632869 Diversity and Distribution of Vascular Epiphytic Flora in Sub-temperate Forests of Darjeeling Himalaya, India Preshina Rai1 and Saurav Moktan1* 1Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35, B.C. Road, Kolkata, 700 019, West Bengal, India. Authors’ contributions This work was carried out in collaboration between both authors. Author PR conducted field study, collected data and prepared initial draft including literature searches. Author SM provided taxonomic expertise with identification and data analysis. Both authors read and approved the final manuscript. Article Information DOI: 10.9734/ARRB/2020/v35i530226 Editor(s): (1) Dr. Rishee K. Kalaria, Navsari Agricultural University, India. Reviewers: (1) Sameh Cherif, University of Carthage, Tunisia. (2) Ricardo Moreno-González, University of Göttingen, Germany. (3) Nelson Túlio Lage Pena, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Brazil. Complete Peer review History: http://www.sdiarticle4.com/review-history/57913 Received 06 April 2020 Accepted 11 June 2020 Original Research Article Published 22 June 2020 ABSTRACT Aims: This communication deals with the diversity and distribution including host species distribution of vascular epiphytes also reflecting its phenological observations. Study Design: Random field survey was carried out in the study site to identify and record the taxa. Host species was identified and vascular epiphytes were noted. Study Site and Duration: The study was conducted in the sub-temperate forests of Darjeeling Himalaya which is a part of the eastern Himalaya hotspot. The zone extends between 1200 to 1850 m amsl representing the amalgamation of both sub-tropical and temperate vegetation. -
Annual Report 12-13
Annual Report 2012 - 2013 National Research Centre for Orchids (Indian Council of Agricultural Research) Pakyong - 737 106, Sikkim, India National Research Centre for Orchids (Indian Council of Agricultural Research) Pakyong- 737 106, Sikkim Tele No. 03592 – 257954, 257703, 257537 Telefax 03592 – 257289, 257282 Email [email protected] Website www.nrcorchids.nic.in Published by R. P. Medhi, Director Editorial board R. P. Medhi Ram Pal S. Chakrabarti Compiled & designed by N. G. Debnath Correct citation NRCO, 2013. National Research Centre for Orchids, Annual Report 2012-13, Pakyong, Sikkim May, 2013. Cover photographs Front : Vanda pumila (Cover photo) Row photo : (left to right) - Dendrobium nobile, Paphiopedilum venustum, Dendrobium primulinum, Lusia zeylanica, Paphiopedilum hirsutissimum, Dendrobium draconis Back (inside) : Glimpses from the National Dialogue on Orchid Conservation & Sustainable Development for Community Livelihood, March 8-9, 2013 Back (outside) : In-vitro flowering of Cymbidium dayanum Printed at M/S. Hindustan Printers Ground Floor, Gupta Market, Raja Rammohan Roy Road, Siliguri - 734 001 Cell : 96790 09688 Preface It is my proud privilege to place this document of Annual Report of Institute depicting the various activities of the year 2012-13. This report highlights the significant research achievements of various research programmes and other institutional activities. The orchid breeding programme initiated by the institute has started showing results, ten promising clones has been selected suitable for cut flowers and potted plant production. These would be multiplied for multi- location trials under AICRP on Floriculture. DUS testing guidelines for Cymbidium, Dendrobium and Vanda has been finalized and notified in Gazette of India. The institute has also made significant progress in molecular characterization of native orchid species especially Aerides and Vanda species using RAPD and ISSR markers. -
In Vitro Propagation of Endangered Orchid, Vanda Pumila Hook.F. Through Protocorms Culture
American Journal of Plant Sciences, 2019, 10, 1220-1232 http://www.scirp.org/journal/ajps ISSN Online: 2158-2750 ISSN Print: 2158-2742 In Vitro Propagation of Endangered Orchid, Vanda pumila Hook.f. through Protocorms Culture Sabitri Maharjan, Shreeti Pradhan, Bir Bahadur Thapa, Bijaya Pant* Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Central Department of Botany, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Nepal How to cite this paper: Maharjan, S., Abstract Pradhan, S., Thapa, B.B. and Pant, B. (2019) In Vitro Propagation of Endangered The Vanda pumila is a monopodial orchid with beautiful flowers that are na- Orchid, Vanda pumila Hook.f. through tive to Thailand but now found across South Asia. The immature seeds of Protocorms Culture. American Journal of Plant Sciences, 10, 1220-1232. Vanda pumila were used for in vitro culture and then the protocorms devel- https://doi.org/10.4236/ajps.2019.107087 oped were used as explants for seedling development and mass propagation. Protocorms were cultured on 1/2 MS (Murashige and Skoog, 1962) medium Received: May 27, 2019 fortified separately with Kinetin (Kn), 6-Benzyl amino purine (BAP) and Accepted: July 26, 2019 Published: July 29, 2019 Gibberellic Acid (GA3) each in different concentrations as (0.5 mg/L, 1.0 mg/L and 2.0 mg/L) well as each on each concentrations of each medium Copyright © 2019 by author(s) and supplemented with 5% and 10% coconut water (CW) respectively. The great- Scientific Research Publishing Inc. This work is licensed under the Creative est number of shoots (9.50 ± 0.29 shoots per culture) was developed on 1/2 Commons Attribution International MS medium fortified with 1.0 mg/L Kn plus 10% CW and the longest shoots License (CC BY 4.0). -
Orchids of Suspa-Kshamawoti, Dolakha -An Annotated Checklist
Banko Janakari, Vol 29 No. 2, 2019 Pp 28‒41 Karki & Ghimire https://doi.org:10.3126/banko.v29i2.28097 Orchids of Suspa-Kshamawoti, Dolakha -An annotated checklist S. Karki1* and S. K. Ghimire1 Suspa-Kshamawoti area of Dolakha district covers diverse vegetation types and harbors many interesting species of orchids. This paper documents 69 species of orchids covering 33 genera based on repeated field surveys and herbarium collections. Of them, 50 species are epiphytic (including lithophytes) and 19 species are terrestrial. Information regarding habit and habitat, phenology, host species and elevational range of distribution of each species are provided in the checklist. Keywords : Bulbophyllum, Nepal, Orchidaceae rchids are one of the most diverse and contributions on documentation of orchid flora are highly evolved groups of flowering made by Bajracharya (2001; 2004); Rajbhandari Oplants, and orchidaceae is the largest and Bhattrai (2001); Bajracharya and Shrestha family comprising 29,199 species and are (2003); Rajbhandari and Dahal (2004); Milleville globally distributed (Govaerts et al., 2017). Out and Shrestha (2004); Subedi et al. (2011); of them, two-third belong to epiphytes (Zotz and Rajbhandari (2015); Raskoti (2015); Raskoti and Winkler, 2013). In Nepal, orchidaceae is one of Ale (2009; 2011; 2012; 2019) and Bhandari et al. the major families amongst the higher flowering (2016 b; 2019). Suspa-Kshamawoti, the northern plants and comprises 502 taxa belonging to 108 part of the Dolakha district covers diverse genera, which forms around 8 percent of our flora vegetation and harbors some interesting species (Raskoti and Ale, 2019). The number of species of orchids. Bhandari et al. -
Chapter 6 ENUMERATION
Chapter 6 ENUMERATION . ENUMERATION The spermatophytic plants with their accepted names as per The Plant List [http://www.theplantlist.org/ ], through proper taxonomic treatments of recorded species and infra-specific taxa, collected from Gorumara National Park has been arranged in compliance with the presently accepted APG-III (Chase & Reveal, 2009) system of classification. Further, for better convenience the presentation of each species in the enumeration the genera and species under the families are arranged in alphabetical order. In case of Gymnosperms, four families with their genera and species also arranged in alphabetical order. The following sequence of enumeration is taken into consideration while enumerating each identified plants. (a) Accepted name, (b) Basionym if any, (c) Synonyms if any, (d) Homonym if any, (e) Vernacular name if any, (f) Description, (g) Flowering and fruiting periods, (h) Specimen cited, (i) Local distribution, and (j) General distribution. Each individual taxon is being treated here with the protologue at first along with the author citation and then referring the available important references for overall and/or adjacent floras and taxonomic treatments. Mentioned below is the list of important books, selected scientific journals, papers, newsletters and periodicals those have been referred during the citation of references. Chronicles of literature of reference: Names of the important books referred: Beng. Pl. : Bengal Plants En. Fl .Pl. Nepal : An Enumeration of the Flowering Plants of Nepal Fasc.Fl.India : Fascicles of Flora of India Fl.Brit.India : The Flora of British India Fl.Bhutan : Flora of Bhutan Fl.E.Him. : Flora of Eastern Himalaya Fl.India : Flora of India Fl Indi. -
The Floricultural Cabinet and Florist's Magazine
M« PLANT'S SEED1JNG C1LCEOLARIAS. Flimniltural tabiin't. : THE FLORICUL L CABINET FLORISTS' MAGAZINE. JANUARY TO DECEMBER, 1846. VOLUME XIV CONDUCTED BY JOSEPH HARRISON. LONDON WHITTAKER AND CO., AVE MARIA LANE. 1846. : LONDON ?ar"1 »»d ' Printed by Wiluam Clow" Stamford Street. ; PREFACE. Time, which, amidst the various projects and occupations of man, pursues its course without interruption or delay, has at length brought our labours, as Conductor of the Floricultural Cabinet, to the conclusion of another volume, and it again becomes our duty to present to our readers those observations, which, in the nature of a preface to the present volume, they have a right to claim from us. The close of our seventh volume (in 1839) was the termination of our First Series of this Magazine. We then stated that the next seven volumes would form a Second Series, and the present volume (the fourteenth) is the concluding one. Our annual obser- vations and engagements relative to the past volumes, have statedly been recorded in each, and when we now review the materials with which, by the aid of our respected correspondents we have been enabled to furnish our readers in the present volume, we cannot suppress a feeling of humble, but grateful satisfaction. For useful, instructive, and varied interesting information,—for the choice of the newest, ornamental and beautiful subjects in its coloured figures of plants,—for the accuracy and effect of the execu- tion, we are persuaded that this volume exceeds every predecessor To enable us to accomplish this, we are deeply indebted, as in former years, to our esteemed correspondents, and it now is our pleasing duty again to tender our grateful acknowledgments. -
Orchids of Lower Gori Valley, Western Himalaya
Orchids of Lower Gori Valley, Western Himalaya: A Community Based Conservation Approach Final Report 2004 Submitted To San Diego County Orchid Society, USA Project Investigator : Jeewan Singh Jalal Project Advisor : Dr. G. S. Rawat Copyright © Investigator, 2004 This report may be quoted freely but the source must be acknowledged and to be cited as: Jalal, J. S. 2004. Orchids of Lower Gori Valley, Western Himalaya: A Community Based Conservation Approach, SDCOS, USA. Copy can be obtained from: Jeewan Singh Jalal C/o Dr. G. S. Rawat San Deigo County Orchid Society Research Fellow USA Wildlife Institute of India P.O. Box 161020, Post Box # 18, Chandrabani San Diego, CA 92176 Dehradun 248001, Uttaranchal, India E. mail # [email protected] Photographs: Jeewan Singh Jalal Cover photo: Rhynchostylis retusa Back cover page photo: Community gathering CONTENTS Acknowledgements Preface i Summary ii 1 Introduction 1 2 About the project 2 3 Project goals 2 4 Project location 3 5 Socio economic scenario 4 6 Methodology 5 6.1 Field surveys 5 6.2 Assessment of threats to orchids 5 6.3 Generation of awareness on orchids 5 6.4 In-situ conservation of orchids 5 Activities undertaken during the proposed period 7 6 7.1 Field survey 6 7.2 Assessment of threats to orchids in Gori valley 6 7.3 questionnaire survey 6-7 7.4 Restoration and relocation of orchids 7 8 Creation of awareness among locals on the importance of orchids 8 8.1 Awareness materials 8 8.2 Awareness among school children 8 8.3 Village level workshop 8 8.4 Ad-libitum approach 8 9 Evaluation of the success of the project 9 10 Recommendations 10 11 future plan 11 12 References 12 List of figure 1. -
Micropropagation of Vanda Tessellata (Roxb.) Hook. Ex G. Don
Micropropagation of Vanda tessellata (Roxb.) Hook. ex G. Don A Dissertation submitted for the partial fulfillment of the requirements of Master’s Degree in Botany By Bijaya Bahadur Malla Plant Biotechnology Unit TU Regd. No. 5-1-48-2909-2004 Exam Roll No. 18235 Batch: 2068/70 Central Department of Botany Tribhuvan University Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal 2016 RECOMMENDATION Kirtipur, Ktm. Nepal 27thAug 2016 This is to certify that the dissertation entitled „Micropropagation of Vanda tessellata (Roxb.)Hook.ex G. Don‟ submitted by Mr. Bijaya Bahadur Malla for the partial fulfillment of the requirement of Master’s Degree in Botanyhas been carried out under my supervision and guidance. The result of this work has not yet been submitted for any other degree. Therefore, we recommend his work for approval and acceptance. ……………………………………………………… Supervisor Bijaya Pant, PhD Professor Central Department of Botany Tribhuvan University, Nepal. II LETTER OF APPROVAL The dissertation work submitted by Mr. Bijaya Bahadur Malla entitled “Micropropagation of Vanda tessellata(Roxb.) Hook.ex G. Don” has been accepted for the partial fulfillment of M.Sc. in Botany. Expert Committee ……………………………………………………… …………………………………………………….. Supervisor Head of Department Bijaya Pant, PhD Mohan Siwakoti, PhD Professor Professor Central Department of Botany Central Department of Botany Tribhuvan University, Nepal. Tribhuvan University, Nepal ……………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………. External Examiner Internal Examiner Sanu Devi Joshi, PhD Ms. Shreeti Pradhan Professor Assistant Professor Academician, NAST Central department of Botany Date of Examination: 27th August, 2016 III ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS It is my great pleasure to express my gratitude to my supervisor Prof. Dr. Bijaya Pant (Prof., C.D.B., T.U.) for her noble guidance, continuous encouragement, best propositions, convenient criticism and reliable solutions and inspirations during my research work. -
Study on Distribution and Medicinal Values of Wild Orchids in Matu Pe Township, Southern Chin State
The Republic of the Union of Myanmar Ministry of Environmental Conservation and Forestry Forest Department Study on Distribution and Medicinal Values of Wild Orchids in Matu Pe Township, Southern Chin State Myint Myint San, Assistant Research Officer Nway Mon Mon Aung, Range Officer Htike San Soe, Range Officer Yunn Mi Mi Kyaw, Research Assistant-3 December, 2015 ချင်းြပည်နယ် ေတာင်ပိုင်း မတူပီမို ့နယ်အတွင်းရှိ သစ်ခွမျိုးစိတ်များပျံ ့နှံ့ေပါက်ေရာက်ပုံနှင့် ေဆးဖက်အသုံးဝင်ပုံများကိုေလ့လာြခင်း ြမင့်ြမင့်စန်း၊ လက်ေထာက်သုေတသနအရာရှိ ေနွးမွန်မွန်ေအာင် ၊ေတာအုပ်ကီး ထိုက်စံစိုး၊ ေတာအုပ်ကီး ယွန်းမီမီေကျာ် ၊ သုေတသနလက်ေထာက်(၃) ချင်းြပည်နယ်၊မတူပီမို ့နယ်အတွင်းရှိ ေနရာ(၃)ေနရာမှ စုစုေပါင်းမျိုးစု(၁၇)မျိုး၊ မျိုးစိတ် (၅၃)မျိုး တို့ကို စုေဆာင်းခဲ့ပါသည်။ ၄င်းတို့အနက် မျိုးစိတ်(၂၇)မျိုးမှာ ေဆးဖက် အသုံးဝင်ေကာင်း ေတွ ့ရှိရ ပါသည်။ တိမ်းဆီးေကျးရွာမှ မျိုးစိတ်အများဆုံး စုေဆာင်း ရရှိ ပီး အများ ဆုံးမျိုစိတ်မှာDendrobium ြဖစ်ပါသည်။ ထို့အြပင် ေဒသခံများ အသုံးြပုေသာ ေဆးဖက်ဝင် သစ်ခွမျိုးစိတ်အချို ့နှင့် ထိန်းသိမ်း ကာကွယ်ရန် လိုအပ်ပုံများကို ေလ့လာ တင်ြပထားပါသည်။ Study on Distribution and, Medicinal Uses of Orchid Species in Matu pe Township, Southern Chin State Myint Myint San ( Assistant Research Officer) Nway Mon Mon Aung & Htike San Soe ( Range Officer) Yunn Mi Mi Kyaw ( Research Assistant (3) Abstract A total of 53 plant species, belonging to 19 genera were observed in study areas. Among then, (27)species have medicinal value. -
170. VANDA Jones Ex R. Brown, Bot. Reg. 6: Ad T. 506. 1820. 万代兰属 Wan Dai Lan Shu Chen Xinqi (陈心启 Chen Sing-Chi); Alexandra Bell Herbs, Epiphytic, Monopodial
Flora of China 25: 471–474. 2009. 170. VANDA Jones ex R. Brown, Bot. Reg. 6: ad t. 506. 1820. 万代兰属 wan dai lan shu Chen Xinqi (陈心启 Chen Sing-chi); Alexandra Bell Herbs, epiphytic, monopodial. Stems ascending or rarely arching, usually rather long, stout, rigid, with short internodes and many distichous leaves, with thick roots in lower part. Leaves distichous, flat, narrow, often closely spaced, linear to lorate, con- duplicate toward base, with amplexicaul-sheathing base, jointed. Inflorescences erect or suberect, racemose, axillary, usually ascend- ing, sparsely few to many flowered. Flowers large or medium-sized, usually colorful and long-lasting. Sepals and petals similar or sepals wider, often narrowed toward base, margins ± twisted or wavy, often tessellated; lip attached to an indistinct column foot, immobile, shortly spurred, 3-lobed; lateral lobes erect, small; mid-lobe large, usually with longitudinal keels or swellings adaxially. Column short, stout; rostellum short; anther cap subglobose; pollinia 2, subglobose, waxy, each strongly cleft or porate, attached by a common short stipe to a large viscidium. About 40 species: tropical Asia to New Guinea and Australia; ten species (one endemic) in China. Vanda testacea (Lindley) H. G. Reichenbach (Gard. Chron., n.s., 8: 166. 1877; Aerides testacea Lindley, Gen. Sp. Orchid. Pl. 238. 1830, “testaceum”) was noted from China (without precise locality) by Pearce and Cribb (Orchids Bhutan, 577. 2002). However, the present authors found no relevant specimens and therefore could not substantiate the occurrence of this species in China. Vanda testacea otherwise occurs in Bhutan, India, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, and Thailand. 1a. Inflorescence taller than leaves, at least 20 cm. -
Traditional Knowledge of NE People on Conservation of Wild Orchids
Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge Vol. 8(1), January 2009, pp. 11-16 Traditional Knowledge of NE people on conservation of wild orchids RP Medhi*& Syamali Chakrabarti National Research Centre for Orchids (ICAR), Pakyong 737 106, East Sikkim E-mail: [email protected] Received 04.08.2008; Revised 12.12.2008 The paper describes the information of the traditional knowledge of the people of Northeastern region to conserve the valuable wild orchid germplasm. Northeastern region of our country is the traditional home of near about 876 orchid species in 151 genera of which many species are economically important for their ornamental and medicinal values. The people of this region have a tradition of conservation of wild orchids in nature based on various religious beliefs and herbal healthcare. Keywords: Orchids, Traditional knowledge, Northeastern region IPC Int. Cl. 8: A01K, A01N3/00 Traditional knowledge has been used for centuries by Paphiopedilum villosum, Paphiopedilum spicerianum, indigenous and local communities in their culture and Paphiopedilum hirsutissimum, Paphiopedilum health care. It is an important factor for sustainability venustum, Anoectochilus sikkimensis, Vanda of natural genetic resource management. Orchids, the coerulea, Vanda teres, Renanthera imschootiana, most highly evolved family among monocotyledons Rhynchostylis retusa, Pleione maculata, Pleione with near about 1,000 genera and 25,000-35,000 praecox, Pleione humilis, Cymbidium eburneum, species exhibit an incredible range of diversity in size, Dendrobium hookerianum, Dendrobium densiflorum, shape and colour of their flowers 1-3. India is Dendrobium devonianum, Dendrobium thrysiflorum considered as a rich orchid heritage and recognized as and Thunia marshalliana 5. Many of these species a significant producer of wild orchids in the world.