Explorer Research Article [Yonzone et al., 3(3): Mar., 2012] ISSN: 0976-7126

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACY & LIFE SCIENCES

Orchid species diversity of Himalaya of Rajendra Yonzone 1* D. Lama 1, R. B. Bhujel 2 and Samuel Rai 3 1, Department of Botany, St. Joseph’s College, Darjeeling, (W.B.) - India 2, Taxonomy and Ethnobiology Research Laboratory, Cluny Women’s College,Darjeeling, (W.B.) - India 3, Darjeeling Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Darjeeling, (W.B.) - India

Abstract Present paper deals with the diversity of Orchid species in Darjeeling Himalaya of India. A total of 311 Orchids species under 85 genera have been recorded from the region. Of them, 17 species with 6 genera are semi saprophytic, 77 species with 29 genera are terrestrial and the rest 217 species with 52 genera are epiphytic. 42 species found in the regions are medicinally important. This attempt is the first step to correct taxonomic identification to workout currently accepted botanical names, habitat, altitudinal ranges, phenology and locality of Orchid species occurring in Darjeeling Himalaya of India.

Key-Words: Orchid Species Diversity, Darjeeling Himalaya, India

Introduction Orchids belong to the family is considered The region is well known for its diverse range of to be the most highly evolved in the floral vegetation and as one of the richest in India (Bhujel, specialization and diversified form among the 1996). The district is subdivided into four sub-divisions . In India, Orchids from 9% of our viz ., Darjeeling sadar; , and flora and are the largest and highly advanced botanical (Fig. 1). The region lies between 26 31’ and 27 family of higher . It is estimated that at about 31’ north latitude and between 87 59’ and 88 53’ east 25,000-35,000 species with 800-1,000 genera are longitude in the eastern Himalayan region of India. It is distributed throughout the world. About 1300 species bordered by in the north, and in with 140 genera of Orchid species are found in India the south, in the east and in the west. The with temperate as their natural home district has two topographical features. Darjeeling, (Yonzone and Kamran, 2008). They are mostly annual Kurseong and Kalimpong form the hill areas whereas and perennial herbs and live either as epiphytes, Siliguri is stationed at the foothill in a vast stretch of lithophytic and terrestrial. They have acttracted people the plains. The shape of the district is triangular. The because of their highly ornamental flowers. The total area of the triangular shaped district is 3254.7 sq. flowers have every credible colours combination. The km. which is 3.68 percent of the total areas of West attractiveness of Orchid appreciation has a very long state. The hilly region covers 2320 sq. km. and history in western and eastern cultures. Orchids are the remaining 934.7 sq. km. of the area falls in the valued not only for their attractive flowers but many of Terai and plains. The altitudinal variations of the them have been used for the therapeutic purpose district range from 130m at Siliguri to 3636m at (Handa, 1986). - with a sharp physiographic contrast Darjeeling is an important constituent of Eastern between the plain and the mountainous regions. The Himalaya, falling in Northern part of of region is rich in Orchid diversity and havour a number Eastern India and a well known place of tourist interest of species. Present paper deals the Orchid species for its colourful natural greenery and paramount diversity and distribution of Darjeeling Himalaya and glistening background of snow peak, the Mountain with their botanical name, habitat, place of occurrence, Kanchanjunga, the silvery and shining slopes of which altitudinal ranges and flowering month.

shall tempt one to forget the rest of the world behind, Material and methods when standing in reality at the Phalut summit at 3600m The intensive field survey works was carried out altitude. during 2007-2011 covering all the seasons of the year * Corresponding Author in all parts of Darjeeling Himalaya including floral E-Mail: [email protected] nurseries, farms and forest areas. Collected specimens

Int. J. of Pharm. & Life Sci. (IJPLS), Vol. 3, Issue 3: March: 2012, 1533-1550 1533

Explorer Research Article [Yonzone et al., 3(3): Mar., 2012] ISSN: 0976-7126 were made into standard mounted herbarium sheets penangiana, Anoetochilus brevilabris, Anthogonium following the procedure of (Jain and Rao, 1977). gracile, Appendicula cornuta, Arundina graminifolia, Authors have done photographs and sketch the some Ascocentrum ampullaceum, Biermannia bimaculata, Orchid species from floral nurseries of the region. The Chrysoglossum ornatum, Chiloschista parishii, relevant data from the field note books were then Cirrhopetalum sikkimense, Cleisostoma filiforme, transferred to the labels of the herbarium sheets and Cleisocentron pallens, Crepidium maximowiczianum, computer. Normally, 2-3 specimens of each species in Didymoplexis pallens, Diplomeris hirsuta, Eulophia flowering or fruiting stage were collected and life form spectabilis, Geodorum densiflorum, Gymnadenia photographs were prepared. The specimens were orchidis, Herpysma longicaulis, Mastigion identified and described with the help of Flora of appendiculatum, Micropera obtusa, Mischobulbum British India (Hooker, 1872-1897); Orchids of Sikkim megalanthum, Monomeria barbata, Ornithochilus Himalaya (King and Pantling, 1898); Orchid flora of difformis, Pelatantheria insectifer, Papilionanthe teres, Arunachal Pradesh (Chowdhery, 1998); Orchids of Porpax elwesii, Pomatocalpa armigerum, Pteroceras India (Bose and Bhattacharya, 1999); Flora of Bhutan teres, Rhynchostylis retusa, Rhomboda lanceolata, (Pearce and Cribb, 2002) and The Orchids of Sikkim Saccolabiopsis pussila, Smitinandia micrantha, and North East Himalaya (Lucksom, 2007) and Spiranthes sinensis, Steriochilus hirtus, Tainia minor, specimens authentication done in CAL, BSI, . Thelasis pygmaea, Tipularia josephi, Uncifera Finally all the Voucher specimens were deposited in obtusifolia, Vandopsis undulata possess single species the Herbarium of Department of Botany, St. Joseph’s distribution in the region (Table 1). 9 College, North Point, Darjeeling and Taxonomy and species like Dendrobium chrysotoxum, D. crepidatum, Ethnobiology Research Laboratory, Cluny Women’s D. cumulatum, D. devonianum, D. falconeri, D. College, Kalimpong. All the species were arranged jenkinsii, D. Lindleyi, D. ochreatum and D. pendulum systematically as per their altitude wise distribution in and 5 Paphiopedilum species like Paphiopedilum the area with botanical names, habitat, local villosum, P. venustum, P. hirsutissimum, P. insigne and distribution and flowering month. Nomenclature has P. fairrieanum are found in the planted condition at been checked with Flora of Bhutan, the Orchids of Pine View and Holumba floral Nurseries of Bhutan. Kalimpong. Collectors have gathered these species

from North East India ( Floral Nurserymen say ). Results and Discussion

Terrestrial Orchid species like Goodyera procera During recent field studies in the Darjeeling Himalaya, frequently found in marshy habitat . Epiphytic Orchid 85 genera with 311 Orchid species diversity and species like Bulbophyllum and Dendrobium found distribution have been recorded from the regions. Of highest and equal number of species diversity and wide them, 17 species with 6 genera are semi saprophytic, distribution and some of the species like Bulbophyllum 77 species with 29 genera are terrestrial and the rest bisetum, B. cauliflorum, B. hirtum, B. leopardinum, 217 species with 52 genera are epiphytic (Fig. 2 and 3). Coelogyne corymbosa, C. cristata, C. raizadae, C. The numbers of epiphytic are greater than terrestrial fuscescens, C. occultata, Cymbidium devonianum, and semi saprophytic species. The total numbers of Dendrobium chrysanthum, D. denudans, D. recorded species of each genus are 2 Acampe spp., 2 moschatum, Epigenium amplum, Eria lasiopetala, Aerides spp., 4 Agrostophyllum spp., 34 Bulbophyllum Pholidota articulata, Thunia alba and Vandopsis spp., 5 Calanthe spp., 2 Ceratostylis spp., 4 undulata are frequently found in lithophytic habitat Cleisostoma spp., 16 Coelogyne spp., 2 Cryptochilus throughout the Darjeeling Himalayan regions. spp., 12 Cymbidium spp., 34 Dendrobium spp., 2 The diversity of Orchid species are largely depends Epigenium spp., 17 Eria spp., 2 Esmeralda spp., 2 upon the altitudional ranges of the regions. Flickingeria spp., 6 Gastrochilus spp., 7 Goodyera Altitudinally, the district Darjeeling can be classified spp., 5 Habenaria spp., 5 Herminium spp., 2 Ione spp., into four different categories. (i) Tropical zone is 120- 16 Liparis spp., 4 Lusia spp., 5 Malaxis spp., 2 1000m high from the mean sea level and the Neplelaphyllum spp., 3 Nervilia spp., 9 Oberonia spp., temperature of this zone ranges from 30-35 0C, night 4 Odontochilus spp., 3 Otochilus spp., 2 Panisia spp., temperature range between 20-27 0C and humidity 90- 5 Paphiopedilum spp., 8 Peristylus spp., 3 Phaius spp., 100% with rainfall of 2800-5000m. The species 4 Phalaenopsis spp., 6 Pholidota spp., 8 Platanthera available in this zone are Nervilia plicata, Acampe spp., 4 Pleione spp., 2 Podochilus spp., 2 Satyrium rigida, Dendrobium farmeri, Diplomeris hirsuta etc., spp., 2 Sunipia spp., 2 Thunia spp., 2 Trichotosia spp., and above this (ii) Sub-Tropical zone 1000-1800m 4 spp., 4 Zeuxine spp. and the rest from the sea level. Day temperature varies from 25- Acanthephippium striatum, Acrochaene punctata, Ania Int. J. of Pharm. & Life Sci. (IJPLS), Vol. 3, Issue 3: March: 2012, 1533-1550 1534

Explorer Research Article [Yonzone et al., 3(3): Mar., 2012] ISSN: 0976-7126 30 0C while night temperature 20-25 0C. Winter day suitable conservation strategies and also to protect their temperature varies between 19-25 0C and night survival in natural habitats. temperature 7-10 0C. Orchid species of this zone are Acknowledgement Eria amica, Esmeralda cathcartii, Anthogonium Authors are thankful to the University Grants gracile, Nervilia gammieana, Phalaenopsis taeniale, Commission, New Delhi for awarding the Rajiv Malaxis acuminata etc., and next to this zone is (iii) Gandhi National Fellowship for Ph.D (Botany) on Temperate and Sub-Temperate zone is ranges from research entitled “Studies on the Orchid Flora of 1800-3500m from sea level. Summer temperature is 0 0 Darjeeling Himalaya”. ranges from 15-20 C and winter temperatute 5-10 C. References Orchid species of this zone is Pleione humilis, 1. Bhujel, R.B. (1996). Studies on the Bulbophyllum eublepharum, Spiranthes sinensis, Dicotyledonous Flora of . Ph. Satyrium nepalense var. nepalense etc., and above this D. Thesis , University of , Raja zone is (iv) Sub-Alpine zone which is above 3500m Rammohanpur, Darjeeling. from mean sea level. Winter is very cool with snow 2. Bose, T.K. and Bhattacharjee, S.K. (1999). bound region. Orchid species of this region is Orchids of India . Revised Edition. Naya Prokash. Gymnadenia orchidis, Satyrium ciliatum var. ciliatum Calcutta. etc. This statement indicates that altitudewise variation 3. Chowdhery, H.J. (1998). Orchid Flora of with topography, soil type largely influence the Arunachal Pradesh . Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal vegetation of the region. Singh. Dehra Dun. After the relevant literature survey, 42 species found in 4. Handa, S.S. (1986). Orchids for drugs and the regions are medicinally important. Of these, 27 are chemicals. In: biology, conservation and culture epiphytic and the rest 15 are terrestrial. These are of orchids (ed. S.P. Vij). Pp. 89-100. Affiliated Acampe papillosa, Aerides multiflorum, Aerides East-West Press, New Delhi, India. odoratum, Anoectochilus brevilabris, Arundina 5. Hooker, J.D. (1888-1890). The Flora of British graminifolia, Calanthe sylvatica, Coelogyne India . Vol. 5 & 6. L. Reeve & Co. London. punctulata, C. stricta, Cymbidium aloifolium, C. 6. King, G. and Pantling, R. (1898). The Orchids of iridioides, C. longifolium, Gymnadenia orchidis, the Sikkim-Himalaya. In Annals of the Royal Dendrobium jenkinsii, D. amoenum, D. chrysanthum, Botanic Garden, Calcutta. D. chrysotoxum, D. densiflorum, D. fimbriatum, D. 7. Lucksom, S.Z. (2007). The Orchids of Sikkim moschatum, D. nobile, Eria bambusifolia, E. pannea, and North East Himalaya : Development Area, Eulophia spectabilis, Geodorum densiflorum, Jiwan Thing Marg, , East Sikkim. Habenaria dentata, H. pectinata, Liparis odorata, 8. Pearce, N.R. and Cribb, P.J. (2002). Flora of Lusia trichorhiza, Malaxis acuminata, M. muscifera, Bhutan . The Orchids of Bhutan . Vol. 3, part 3. Nervilia aragoana, N. plicata, Oberonia caulescens, Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh. Papilionanthe teres, Phaius tankervilleae, Pholidota 9. Pradhan, U.C. (1976). Indian Orchids Guide to articulata, P. imbricata, P. pallida, Vanda cristata, Identification and Culture , (Vol. I) Premulaceae Rhynchostylis retusa, Satyrium nepalense and Pleione Books, Kalimpong, India. maculata . 10. Pradhan, U.C. (1979). Indian Orchids Guide to It is observed that the luxuriant growth and diversity of Identification and Culture , (Vol. II) Premulaceae the Orchid species in the undisturbed sites of the study Books, Kalimpong, India. area and the meager development in distressed sites 11. Rai, L.K, and Sharma, E. (1994). Medicinal clearly indicates the change in the microclimatic Plants of the Sikkim Himalaya : status, usage and conditions in habitat by anthropogenic activities. potential. Bisen Singh Mahendrapal Singh, Dehra The indiscriminate collections of Orchid species in Dun. commercial scales have almost wiped out the Orchids 12. Rai, S.K and Bhujel, R.B. (1999). Note on some population in wild habitat, except for the tall tree less known ethnomedicinal plants from the epiphytes and terrestrial Orchids. The local collectors Darjeeling Himalayas. Jour. Hill. Res . 12 and floral nurseries and farms are responsible for this (2):160-163. Sikkim. damage. The extension of agricultural lands, rapid 13. Yonzone, Rajendra and Kamran, A. 2008. deforestation and various developmental projects Ethnobotanical uses of Orchids . Abstract in an directly harm the natural population of Orchids in International Seminar “Multidisciplinary Darjeeling Himalaya. So it is needs to work out the Approaches in Angiosperm Systematics” Kalyani University, West Bengal. Int. J. of Pharm. & Life Sci. (IJPLS), Vol. 3, Issue 3: March: 2012, 1533-1550 1535

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Table 1 : List of Orchid species of Darjeeling Himalaya of India with habitat, place of occurrence, altitudinal ranges and flowering month.

Sl. Botanical name of Orchid species with Voucher Habitat Locality of their occurence Altitudi Flower No. specimen within Darjeeling Himalaya of nal ing India range month (m) 1 Acampe papillosa (Lindl.) Lindl. Epiphytic Relli, Najok - Kalimpong; 140-900 Jul.- [Rajendra et al . 0709] Rambi, forest - Dec. Kurseong; Sevoke - Siliguri 2 Acampe rigida Buchanan-Hamilton ex. J.E. Smith) P.F. Epiphytic Rambi, sides, 160- May- Hunt. Fyangtar, Tarkhola forest 1200 Jun. [Rajendra et al . 0050] 3 Acanthephippium striatum Lindl. Terrestrial Forest areas in Damsang Gari, 700- May- [Rajendra et al . 0920] Kumsi - Kalimpong 1800 Jul. 4 Acrochaene punctata Lindl. Epiphytic Forest areas in Lava, Nokdara, 1200- Oct.- [Rajendra et al . 0726] Kaffer -Kalimpong 2200 Nov. 5 Aerides multiflorum Roxb. Epiphytic Samalbong, Suruk, Samthar 150- Mar.- [Rajendra et al . 0318] Busty - Kalimpong; Siliguri 1200 Jun. 6 Aerides odoratum Loureiro Epiphytic Bagrakot - Kalimpong; Sukuna 150-700 May- [Rajendra et al . 0844] forest - Kurseong Jul. 7 Agrostophyllum brevipes King & Pantling [Rajendra et Epiphytic 27 th mile NHPC Project side, 400- May- al . 1181] , Panbu - Kalimpong 1600 Jun. 8 Agrostophyllum callosum Rchb. f. Epiphytic Forest areas in Lungshel, Lava, 600- Mar.- [Rajendra et al . 0345] Nokdara, Algarah, Kaffer - 2200 May Kalimpong 9 Agrostophyllum myrianthum King & Pantling Epiphytic Kumsi, Teesta River sides - 200- Jul.- [Rajendra et al . 1429] Kalimpong; Rambi - Kurseong 1600 Aug. 10 Agrostophyllum planicaule (Wall. ex Lindl.) Rchb. f. Epiphytic Kalijhora forest - Kurseong; 500- Jul.- [Rajendra et al . 0652] - 2100 Aug. 11 Ania penangiana (Hook. f.) Summerhayes [Rajendra et Terrestrial Forest areas in Algarah - 700- Feb.- al . 0772] Kalimpong; Lopchu - Darjeeling 1700 Mar. 12 Anoetochilus brevilabris Lindl. Terrestrial Forest areas in Lava - 1000- Jun.- [Rajendra et al . 1275] Kalimpong; - 1900 Sep. Darjeeling 13 Anthogonium gracile Lindl. Terrestrial Dello Hill, forest areas in Lava, 1200- Aug.- [Rajendra et al . 0578] Samalbong - Kalimpong; 2800 Oct. Rimbik - Darjeeling 14 Appendicula cornuta Bl. Epiphytic Birik forest - Kurseong; Kambal 300-800 Aug.- [Rajendra et al . 1448] - Kalimpong Sep. 15 Arundina graminifolia (D. Don) Hochreutiner Terrestrial Dello Hill, forest areas in Relli, 300- Jan.- [Rajendra et al . 0094] Kumsi - Kalimpong; Teesta 1800 Nov. River Valley 16 Ascocentrum ampullaceum (Roxb.) Schltr. [Rajendra et Epiphytic Rambi, Kalijhora – Kurseong; 200-800 Mar.- al . 0248] Kumsi -Kalimpong; Sevoke - May Siliguri 17 Biermannia bimaculata (King & Pantling) King & Epiphytic - Kalimpong; Teesta 300-700 Apr.- Pantling Bridge sides Jul. [Rajendra et al . 1136] 18 Bulbophyllum affine Lindl. Epiphytic Samalbong, Samthar - 700- May- [Rajendra et al . 0066] Kalimpong; Mungpoo 1900 Jun. Int. J. of Pharm. & Life Sci. (IJPLS), Vol. 3, Issue 3: March: 2012, 1533-1550 1536

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19 Bulbophyllum apodum Hook. f. Epiphytic Teesta River sides (from Malli to 300-600 May- [Rajendra et al . 1334] Coranation Bridge) Jul. 20 Bulbophyllum bisetum Lindl. Epiphytic Samalbong, Kaffer, Hill Top - 1200- Sep.- [Rajendra et al . 0958] Kalimpong, 2000 Oct. 21 Bulbophyllum careyanum (Hook.) Sprengel [Rajendra Epiphytic Suruk-Samthar, Gogok-Todey - 1300- Oct.- et al . 1507] Kalimpong; Latpanjar - 1650 Jan. Kurseong 22 Bulbophyllum careyanum (Hook.) Sprengel var. Epiphytic Soreksa, Samalbong Busty - 800- Oct.- sikkimense S.Z. Lucksom Kalimpong 2100 Nov. [Rajendra et al . 0168] 23 Bulbophyllum cauliflorum Hook. f. Epiphytic Algarah forest - Kalimpong; 1600- Apr.- [Rajendra et al . 1176] Sukiapokhari, Rimbik - 2200 Jul. Darjeeling 24 Bulbophyllum cauliflorum Hook. f. var. sikkimense N. Epiphytic Nokhdara, Lava, Algarah forest - 900- Jun.- Pearce & P.J. Cribb Kalimpong 2200 Aug. [Rajendra et al . 0354] 25 Bulbophyllum crassipes Hook. f. Epiphytic Suruk, Samalbong - Kalimpong 200- Sep.- [Rajendra et al . 0102] Rambi, Mungpoo - Kalimpong 1000 Oct. 26 Bulbophyllum eublepharum Rchb. f. [Rajendra et al . Epiphytic - Kurseong; Neora 1450- May- 1226] Valley - Kalimpong 2500 Aug. 27 Bulbophyllum gamblei (Hook. f.) Hook. f. [Rajendra et Epiphytic Takdah, Rammam forest - 1400- May- al . 1171] Darjeeling 2500 Aug. 28 Bulbophyllum gracilipes King & Pantling [Rajendra et Epiphytic Rambi - Kurseong; Bagrakot, 300-950 Oct.- al . 1158] - Kalimpong Dec. 29 Bulbophyllum guttulatum (Hook. f.) N.P. Epiphytic , Mungpoo - Kurseong 650- Jul.- Balakrishanan 1800 Sep. [Rajendra et al . 1457] 30 Bulbophyllum helenae (Kuntze) J.J. Smith [Rajendra et Epiphytic Mim forest, Todey-Tangta - 600- May- al . 0908] Kalimpong 2100 Aug. 31 Bulbophyllum hirtum (J.E. Smith) Lindl. [Rajendra et Epiphytic Samalbong, Chuikhim, Algarah - 900- Oct.- al . 0156] Kalimpong 2000 Dec. 32 Bulbophyllum hymenanthum Hook. f. [Rajendra et al . Epiphytic Rammam, Gorkhey - Darjeeling 1400- May- 0463] 2800 Jun. 33 Bulbophyllum khasyanum Griff. Epiphytic Algarah, Todey, Rachela- 1400- Oct.- [Rajendra et al . 1004] Kalimpong 2500 Dec. 34 Bulbophyllum leopardinum Lindl. Epiphytic Kaffer, Lava - Kalimpong; 1300- Jun.- [Rajendra et al . 1217] Rimbik, Rammam - Darjeeling 2400 Aug. 35 Bulbophyllum odoratissimum (J.E. Smith) Lindl. Epiphytic Algarah, Nokdara, Tangta - 1100- Jul.- [Rajendra et al . 0083] Kalimpong 1900 Aug. 36 Bulbophyllum odoratissimum (J.E. Smith) Lindl. var. Epiphytic Damsang Gari, Pedung - 1200- Jun.- racemosum N.P. Balakrishnan [Rajendra et al . 1633] Kalimpong 1450 Jul. 37 Bulbophyllum polyrhizum Lindl. Epiphytic Balasan - Kurseong; - 300-800 Mar.- [Rajendra et al . 1103] Kalimpong Apr. 38 Bulbophyllum reptans (Lindl.) Lindl. [Rajendra et al . Epiphytic Lava, Todey-Tangta forest - 1600- Oct.- 0037] Kalimpong; Kurseong 2700 Dec. 39 Bulbophyllum rigidum King & Pantling [Rajendra et al . Epiphytic Todey, Lava - Kalimpong; 1600- Jun.- 1348] Takdah forest - Darjeeling 2200 Sep. 40 Bulbophyllum rolfei (Kuntze) Seidenfaden [Rajendra et Epiphytic Damsang Gari, Neora Valley - 1900- Aug.- al. 1686] Kalimpong 2900 Sep. 41 Bulbophyllum sarcophyllum (King & Pantling) J.J. Epiphytic Nim forest - Kalimpong; 600- Jun.- Smith Jalpahar 1400 Sep. [Rajendra et al . 0951] Int. J. of Pharm. & Life Sci. (IJPLS), Vol. 3, Issue 3: March: 2012, 1533-1550 1537

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42 Bulbophyllum scabratum Rchb. f. Epiphytic Lower Lungshel, Rachela forest 1200- Apr.- [Rajendra et al . 0324] - Kalimpong 1800 May 43 Bulbophyllum secundum Hook. f. Epiphytic Lopchu forest, Damsang Gari - 1500- Jun.- [Rajendra et al. 1621] Kalimpong 2100 Jul. 44 Bulbophyllum stenobulbon Paris & Rchb. f. [Rajendra Epiphytic Kalijhora - Kurseong; Guling 250-700 May- et al . 0870] forest Jun. 45 Bulbophyllum striatum Griff.) Rchb. f [Rajendra et al . Epiphytic Today-Tangta forest -Kalimpong 1800- Oct.- 1726] 2750 Nov. 46 Bulbophyllum triste Rchb. f. Epiphytic Samalbong-Sinjee, Godok forest 1000- Feb.- [Rajendra et al . 0770] - Kalimpong 1700 Mar. 47 Bulbophyllum thomsonii Hook. f. Epiphytic Neora Valley - Kalimpong 800- Oct.- [Rajendra et al . 1023] Sukiapokhari - Darjeeling 2100 Dec. 48 Bulbophyllum tortuosum (Bl.) Lindl. Epiphytic Bagrakote, Kalijhora - Kurseong 200-350 Mar.- [Rajendra et al . 1553] Apr. 49 Bulbophyllum umbellatum Lindl. Epiphytic Kurseong, Maneybhanjang - 1300- Mar.- [Rajendra et al . 1086] Darjeeling 2200 May 50 Bulbophyllum wallichii (Lindl.) Rchb. f. [Rajendra et Epiphytic Takdah - Darjeeling; Neora 1500- Nov.- al . 1760] Valley - Kalimpong 2900 Dec. 51 Bulbophyllum yoksumense J.J. Smith [Rajendra et al . Epiphytic Tangta, Rachela forest - 1800- Sep.- 1477] Kalimpong 2800 Oct. 52 Calanthe brevicornu Lindl. Terrestrial Forest areas in Rammam, 1400- May- [Rajendra et al . 0427] Gorkhey, Lopchu - Darjeeling; 2700 Jul. Lava - Kalimpong 53 Calanthe biloba Lindl. Terrestrial Forest areas in Charkhol, Kaffer 1200- Sep.- [Rajendra et al . 0728] - Kalimpong; Lopchu - 2900 Dec. Darjeeling 54 Calanthe puberula Lindl. Terrestrial Forest areas in Mim Tea Estate, 1550- May- [Rajendra et al . 0816] Rammam - Darjeeling; 3200 Aug. Baggonra - Kurseong 55 Calanthe sylvatica (Thouars) Lindl. Terrestrial Forest areas in Kaffer, Algarah - 300- Jul.- [Rajendra et al . 1415] Kalimpong 2400 Oct. 56 Calanthe yuksomnensis S.Z. Lucksom [Rajendra et al . Terrestrial Forest areas of Mem Tea Estate, 1700- Apr.- 0853] Sukiapokhari, Takdah - 2900 Jun. Darjeeling 57 Ceratostylis himalaica Hook. f. Epiphytic Mirik, Todey forest -Kalimpong 1200- Apr.- [Rajendra et al . 1164] 2100 Jun. 58 Ceratostylis subulata Bl. Epiphytic Panbu forest, Majitar - 400-800 May- [Rajendra et al . 1328] Kalimpong Jul. 59 Cheirostylis pabongensis S.Z. Lucksom [Rajendra et Terrestrial Mangaldara, Kalimpong 8 th Mile 600- Feb.- al . 0211] 1000 Apr. 60 Chiloschista parishii Seidenfaden Epiphytic Forest areas in Sukuna - 800- Mar.- [Rajendra et al . 0203] Kurseong; Sepkhola, Najok - 1900 Apr. Kalimpong 61 Chrysoglossum ornatum Bl. Terrestrial Forest areas in Charkhol - 1600- May- [Rajendra et al . 0877] Kalimpong; Manaybhanjang - 2200 Jul. Darjeeling 62 Cirrhopetalum sikkimense King & Pantling [Rajendra Epiphytic Pareng, Makum -Kalimpong 400-700 Apr.- et al . 1193] Jun. 63 Cleisostoma filiforme (Lindl.) Garay [Rajendra et al . Epiphytic Relli, Najok - Kalimpong; 200- Jul.- 0570] Kalijhora - Kurseong 1600 Aug. 64 Cleisocentron pallens (Cathcart ex Lindl.) N. Pearce & Epiphytic Forest areas in Kalijhora - 300-800 Jul.- P.J. Cribb Kurseong; Najok -Kalimpong Sep. Int. J. of Pharm. & Life Sci. (IJPLS), Vol. 3, Issue 3: March: 2012, 1533-1550 1538

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[Rajendra et al . 0676] 65 Cleisostoma aspersum (Rchb. f.) Garay [Rajendra et al . Epiphytic - Kurseong; Samsing, 300- Jun.- 1329] Suruk-Yangmakum - Kalimpong 1600 Aug. 66 Cleisostoma racemiferum (Lindl.) Garay [Rajendra et Epiphytic Nock Dara, Lungsel -Kalimpong 800- Jul.- al . 0671] 2100 Sep. 67 Cleisostoma subulatum Bl. Epiphytic Kalijhora - Kurseong; Najok 250-900 Jul.- [Rajendra et al . 0658] forest - Kalimpong Aug. 68 Coelogyne barbata Lindl. ex Griff. Epiphytic Rachela, Todey forest - 1600- Sep.- [Rajendra et al . 0715] Kalimpong 2400 Dec. 69 Coelogyne corymbosa Lindl. Epiphytic Rimbik, Tiger Hill, Samanden 1400- Apr.- [Rajendra et al . 0308] forest -Darjeeling 3300 May 70 Coelogyne cristata Lindl. Epiphytic Lava forest, Todey-Tangta - 1200- Feb.- [Rajendra et al . 0217] Kalimpong; Kurseong 2700 Apr. 71 Coelogyne fimbriata Lindl. Epiphytic Relli-Pala, Kumsi forest - 800- Sep.- [Rajendra et al . 1501] Kalimpong 2300 Nov.

72 Coelogyne flaccida Lindl. Epiphytic Relli, Neol forest -Kalimpong 300- Mar.- [Rajendra et al . 0253] 1900 Apr. 73 Coelogyne fuscescens Lindl. Epiphytic Sangsay , Samalbong- 700- Oct.- [Rajendra et al . 0186] Sinjee -Kalimpong 2000 Dec. 74 Coelogyne raizadae S.K. Jain & S. Das [Rajendra et al . Epiphytic Rimbik - Darjeeling; Baggonra, 1800- Apr.- 0821] St. Marry’s Hill - Kurseong 2400 Jun. 75 Coelogyne nitida (Wall. ex D. Don) Lindl. [Rajendra et Epiphytic Nock Dara, Todey-Tangta - 1400- Feb.- al . 0195] Kalimpong; Lopchu forest - 2800 May. Darjeeling 76 Coelogyne occultata Hook. f. Epiphytic Baggonra- Kurseong; Rachela 1800- Apr.- [Rajendra et al . 1201] forest - Kalimpong 2900 Jun. 77 Coelogyne ovalis Lindl. Epiphytic Suruk, Samalbong Busty - 800- Oct.- [Rajendra et al . 0145] Kalimpong; Lopchu forest - 1900 Nov. Darjeeling 78 Coelogyne pantlingii S.Z. Lucksom Epiphytic Sukiapokhari, Rammam - 2000- Jun.- [Rajendra et al . 0892] Darjeeling 2600 Jul. 79 Coelogyne pempahesiana H.J. Chowdhery [Rajendra et Epiphytic Todey-Tangta - Kalimpong, 1000- Mar.- al . 1146] Holumba Nursery (endemic to 2900 May Kalimpong) 80 Coelogyne prolifera Lindl. Epiphytic Nokdara, Todey, Kumsi forest 600- Feb.- [Rajendra et al . 0269] 1900 Apr. 81 Coelogyne punctulata Lindl. Epiphytic Damsang Gari - Kalimpong; 1300- Oct.- [Rajendra et al . 1496] Rimbik -Darjeeling 2200 Dec. 82 Coelogyne stricta (D. Don) Schltr. Epiphytic Sittong, Mungpoo - Kurseong; 600- Feb.- [Rajendra et al . 1059] Nimbong - Kalimpong 1300 Apr. 83 Coelogyne viscosa Reichb. f. Epiphytic Godok-Todey forest -Kalimpong 500- Feb.- [Rajendra et al . 0767] 1400 Apr. 84 Crepidium maximowiczianum (King and Pantling) Terrestrial Forest areas of Kumsi, Ratay 600- Jun.- Szlach. Makum - Kalimpong; 1100 Aug. [Rajendra et al. 0481] Mungpoo 85 Cryptochilus lutea Lindl. Epiphytic Samalbong, Tangta, Rachela - 1100- Mar.- [Rajendra et al . 0411] Kalimpong; Megma - Darjeeling 2900 Jun 86 Cryptochilus sanguinea Wall. Epiphytic Birch Hill - Darjeeling; Dhotray 1600- Jun.- [Rajendra et al . 0872] forest - Darjeeling 2600 Jul. 87 Cymbidium aloifolium (L.) Sw. Epiphytic Relli, Suruk, Kalimpong 7 th 300- Apr.- [Rajendra et al . 0362] Mile, Chitrey - Kalimpong 1600 Jul. Int. J. of Pharm. & Life Sci. (IJPLS), Vol. 3, Issue 3: March: 2012, 1533-1550 1539

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88 Cymbidium cochleare Lindl. Epiphytic Charkhol, Lava - Kalimpong; 1500- Oct.- [Rajendra et al . 1011] Takdah -Darjeeling 2200 Dec. 89 Cymbidium dayanum Reichb. f. Epiphytic - Kalimpong; 500- Aug.- [Rajendra et al . 1471] Lathpanjar, Mungpoo - 1000 Nov. Kurseong 90 Cymbidium devonianum Lindl. ex Paxton [Rajendra et Epiphytic Lungshel, Lava forest - 1300- Apr.- al . 0349] Kalimpong; Toroyok Busty - 2300 Jul. Kurseong 91 Cymbidium iridioides D. Don Epiphytic Neora Valley, Todey forest - 1100- Oct.- [Rajendra et al . 1745] Kalimpong 2400 Nov. 92 Cymbidium longifolium D. Don Epiphytic Lava, Gumbadara, Algarah 1700- Oct.- [Rajendra et al . 0724] forest - Kalimpong 2300 Dec. 93 Cymbidium erythraeum Lindl. Epiphytic Lava, Neora Valley, Algarah - 1800- Aug.- [Rajendra et al . 1432] Kalimpong 2700 Oct. 94 Cymbidium hookerianum Rchb. f. Epiphytic Jarebuttee (Neora Valley), 2200- Mar.- [Rajendra et al . 0291] Todey - Kalimpong 2800 May 95 Cymbidium lancifolium Hook. Terrestrial Algarah forest, Majitar - 350- Mar.- [Rajendra et al . 0796] Kalimpong 2400 Apr. 96 Cymbidium lowianum (Rchb. f.) Rchb. f. [Rajendra et Epiphytic Todey forest, Neora Valley - 1400- Mar.- al . 1094] Kalimpong 2700 May 97 Cymbidium mastersii Griff. ex Lindl. [Rajendra et al . Epiphytic Forest areas in Kaffer, Neora 1000- Oct.- 1773] Valley - Kalimpong 2300 Dec. 98 Cymbidium bicolor Lindl. Epiphytic Samalbong-Sinjee, Suruk Busty 300- Apr.- [Rajendra et al . 0816] - Kalimpong 1500 Jun. 99 Dendrobium aduncum Lindl. ex. Lindl. [Rajendra et al . Epiphytic Panighatta - Kurseong; Kumsi 300-900 May- 1286] forest - Kalimpong Jul. 100 Dendrobium amoenum Wall. ex Lindl. [Rajendra et al . Epiphytic Suruk, Samalbong Busty, 300-800 May- 0376] Jaldhaka, Lesh Khola - Jun. Kalimpong; 101 Dendrobium anceps Sw. Epiphytic Sevoke - Siliguri; Kalijhora, 150-600 Mar.- [Rajendra et al . 0243] Rambi Mongpoo - Kurseong May 102 Dendrobium aphyllum (Roxb.) C.E.C. Fischer Epiphytic Suruk, Jholung, Kumsi - 300- Mar.- [Rajendra et al . 0276] Kalimpong; Birik - Kurseong 1800 Jun. 103 Dendrobium bicameratum Lindl. Epiphytic Lungshel Busty, Todey forest - 500- Jul.- [Rajendra et al . 0551] Kalimpong 2100 Aug. 104 Dendrobium candidum Wall. ex Lindl. [Rajendra et al . Epiphytic Rammam, Gorkhey, Megma - 1000- May- 0457] Darjeeling; Rachela - Kalimpong 2600 Jun. 105 Dendrobium cathcartii Hook. f. Epiphytic Rambi - Kurseong; Sevoke - 150-800 Mar.- [Rajendra et al . 0237] Siliguri Sep. 106 Dendrobium chrysanthum Wall. ex Lindl. [Rajendra et Epiphytic Algarah, Lava, Nokdara, Todey 800- Jul.- al . 0687] forest - Kalimpong 2200 Oct. 107 Dendrobium chrysotoxum Lindl. Epiphytic Holumba Floral Nursery - 1300- May- [Rajendra et al . 1613] Kalimpong 1800 Jun. 108 Dendrobium crepidatum Lindl. & Paxton [Rajendra et Epiphytic Holumba Floral Nursery - 800- Apr.- al . 0801] Kalimpong 1200 May 109 Dendrobium cumulatum Lindl. Epiphytic Holumba Floral Nursery - 350-600 Jun.- [Rajendra et al . 1281] Kalimpong Jul. 110 Dendrobium densiflorum Lindl. Epiphytic Suruk, Najok, Relli, Lopchu - 300- Apr.- [Rajendra et al . 0331] Darjeeling 2100 Jul. 111 Dendrobium denudans D. Don Epiphytic Mangzing, Nimbong, 600- Sep.- [Rajendra et al . 0109] Samalbong 1800 Oct. 112 Dendrobium devonianum Paxton Epiphytic Holumba Floral Nursery - 800- Apr.- Int. J. of Pharm. & Life Sci. (IJPLS), Vol. 3, Issue 3: March: 2012, 1533-1550 1540

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[Rajendra et al . 0861] Kalimpong 2100 May 113 Dendrobium eriiflorum Griff. Epiphytic Mangzing, Nimbong 800- Sep.- [Rajendra et al . 0718] 2000 Nov. 114 Dendrobium falconeri Hook. Epiphytic Holumba Floral Nursery - 1500- Apr.- [Rajendra et al . 1151] Kalimpong 2200 Jun. 115 Dendrobium farmeri Paxton Epiphytic Kalijhora forest - Kurseong 200- Mar.- [Rajendra et al . 1140] 1000 May

116 Dendrobium fimbriatum Hook. Epiphytic Kumsi forest, Algarah forest - 600- Apr.- [Rajendra et al. 1579] Kalimpong 1660 may 117 Dendrobium fimbriatum var. occulatum Hook. Epiphytic Suruk, Relli-Pala -Kalimpong 300- Mar.- [Rajendra et al . 0283] 1100 May 118 Dendrobium heterocarpum Lindl. Epiphytic Todey, Neora Valley-Kalimpong 1300- Feb.- [Rajendra et al . 1081] 2300 Apr. 119 Dendrobium jenkinsii Wall. ex Lindl. [Rajendra et al Epiphytic Holumba Floral Nursery - 1100- Apr.- 1574] Kalimpong 1400 May 120 Dendrobium lindleyi Steudel Epiphytic Holumba Floral Nursery- 800- Feb.- [Rajendra et al . 1120] Kalimpong 1600 Apr. 121 Dendrobium longicornu Lindl. Epiphytic Lava, Lungshel, Gumbadara, 1400- Aug.- [Rajendra et al . 0151] Algarah - Kalimpong 3000 Dec. 122 Dendrobium moschatum (Buchanan-Hamilton) Sw. Epiphytic Relli-Pala, Samalbong forest - 500- May- [Rajendra et al . 0061] Kalimpong 1300 Jul. 123 Dendrobium nobile Lindl. Epiphytic 8th mile Kalimpong, Rimbik 300- Apr.- [Rajendra et al . 0421] forest - Darjeeling 2200 Jun. 124 Dendrobium nobile Lindl. var. virginalis Hort. Epiphytic Lava, Damsan Gari, Kaffer - 340- Apr.- [Rajendra et al . 1585] Kalimpong; Takdah - 1600 Jun. Darjeeling 125 Dendrobium ochreatum Lindl. Epiphytic Holumba Floral Nursery - 1000- Apr.- [Rajendra et al . 1571] Kalimpong 1100 May 126 Dendrobium pendulum Roxb. Epiphytic Holumba Floral Nursery - 1200- Mar.- [Rajendra et al. 1559] Kalimpong 1600 Apr. 127 Dendrobium porphyrochilum Lindl. Epiphytic Manaybhanjang, Rammam 2000- May.- [Rajendra et al . 0475] forest - Darjeeling 2700 Jul. 128 Dendrobium praecinctum Rchb. f. Epiphytic Todey-Tangta forest-Kalimpong 1100- Jun.- [Rajendra et al . 1284] 1900 Jul. 129 Dendrobium stuposum Lindl. Epiphytic Takdah - Darjeeling; Dabaipani 1400- May- [Rajendra et al . 1314] 2300 Jul. 130 Dendrobium sulcatum Lindl. Epiphytic Kumsi, Najok forest - 550- Apr.- [Rajendra et al . 0998] Kalimpong 1000 May 131 Dendrobium terminale Parish & Rchb. f. [Rajendra et Epiphytic Lesh khola forest 300-800 Jun.- al . 1325] Sep. 132 Dendrobium transparens Wall. ex Lindl. [Rajendra et Epiphytic Kalijhora, Bagrakot, Mem Tea 200- May- al . 0417] Estate - Darjeeling 1700 Jun. 133 Didymoplexis pallens Griff. Terrestrial Samalbong forest, Relli-Pala 900- May- [Rajendra et al . 0866] River sides - Kalimpong 1600 Jun. 134 Diplomeris hirsuta (Lindl.) Lindl. Terrestrial Kalijhora forest, Coronation 200-900 Jun.- [Rajendra et al . 1333] Bridge sides Aug. 135 Epigenium amplum (Lindl.) Summerhayes [Rajendra et Epiphytic Nim, Lungshel, Algarah, 1400- Sep.- al . 0721] Sukiapokhari 2200 Nov. 136 Epigenium rotundatum (Lindl.) Summerhayes Epiphytic Lava, Nokdara, Algarah, Todey 1500- Sep.- [Rajendra et al . 0705] forest - Kalimpong 2600 Nov. 137 Eria acervata Lindl. Epiphytic Kalijhora - Kurseong; Relli, 200-900 Jun.- Int. J. of Pharm. & Life Sci. (IJPLS), Vol. 3, Issue 3: March: 2012, 1533-1550 1541

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[Rajendra et al . 0608] Nokdara - Kalimpong Aug. 138 Eria amica Rchb. f. Epiphytic Kumsi, Panbu, Algarah forest - 500- Mar.- [Rajendra et al . 0786] Kalimpong 1600 Jun. 139 Eria biflora Griff. Epiphytic Najok-Sepkhola - Kalimpong 400-900 Sep.- [Rajendra et al . 1517] Oct. 140 Eria bractescens Lindl. Epiphytic Algarah - Kalimpong; 400- May.- [Rajendra et al . 0897] Tinchulay, Dow Hill - Kurseong 1700 Jul. 141 Eria clausa King & Pantling Epiphytic Rammam - Darjeeling; Neora 1100- Feb- [Rajendra et al . 0779] Valley - Kalimpong 2600 May 142 Eria coronaria (Lindl.) Reichb. f. Epiphytic Nimbong, Lungsel, Nokdara - 1000- Oct.- [Rajendra et al . 0175] Kalimpong 2300 Dec. 143 Eria discolor Lindl. Epiphytic Relli - Kalimpong; Kalijhora - 500- Jan.- [Rajendra et al . 0513] Kurseong; Sevok - Siliguri 1300 Jun. 144 Eria excavata Lindl. Epiphytic Relli, Teesta River side - 1000- Mar.- [Rajendra et al . 0233] Kalimpong 2200 Jun. 145 Eria bambusifolia Lindl. Epiphytic Sukiapokhari - Darjeeling; 1900- Oct.- [Rajendra et al . 0405] Godok-Todey - Kalimpong 2800 Dec. 146 Eria graminifolia Lindl. Epiphytic Toroyok - Kalimpong; Serikhola 1800- May- [Rajendra et al . 1206] -Darjeeling 3450 Aug. 147 Eria lasiopetala (Willdenow) Ormerod [Rajendra et al . Epiphytic Rambi, Relli - Kalimpong; 200-700 Mar.- 0227] Kalijhora - Kurseong; Sevok Jul. forest - Siliguri 148 Eria paniculata Lindl. Epiphytic Lungshel, Algarah forest - 700- Feb.- [Rajendra et al . 0342] Kalimpong 1600 May 149 Eria pannea Lindl. Epiphytic Kumsi forest, Kamble - 600- May- [Rajendra et al . 1592] Kalimpong 1000 Jul. 150 Eria pumila Lindl. Epiphytic Kalijhora forest - Kurseong; 200-600 May- [Rajendra et al . 1307] Sevoke forest - Siliguri Aug. 151 Eria spicata (D. Don) Handel-Mazzetti [Rajendra et al . Epiphytic Lungshel, Kumsi, Nokdara 400- Feb.- 0601] forest - Kalimpong 2300 Aug. 152 Eria stricta Lindl. Epiphytic Suruk, Samalbong, Chuikhim - 400- Jan.- [Rajendra et al . 0043] Kalimpong 1400 Apr. 153 Eria vittata Lindl. Epiphytic Todey-Tangta, Neora Valley - 1500- Feb.- [Rajendra et al . 1053] Kalimpong 2600 Apr. 154 Esmeralda cathcartii (Lindl.) Rchb. f. [Rajendra et al . Epiphytic Neora Valley, Sukiapokhari - 700- Mar.- 1067] Darjeeling 2300 Jun. 155 Esmeralda clarkei Rchb. f. Epiphytic Lava, Todey forest -Kalimpong 1300- Sep.- [Rajendra et al . 0753] 2000 Dec. 156 Eulophia spectabilis (Dennstedt) Suresh [Rajendra et Terrestrial Forest areas in Kumsi - 600- Apr.- al . 0839] Kalimpong; Sittong - Kurseong 1100 May 157 Flickengeria fugas Rchb. f. Epiphytic Relli, Jholung, Kalijhora - 200-900 Jun.- [Rajendra et al . 0508] Kurseong Jul. 158 Flickengeria macraei (Lindl.) Seidenfaden [Rajendra et Epiphytic Todey, Rachela, Sukiapokhari 1600- Jun.- al . 1293] forest - Darjeeling 2800 Jul. 159 Gastrochilus acutifolius (Lindl.) Kuntze [Rajendra et Epiphytic Kaffer - Kalimpong; Baggonra 1400- Oct.- al . 1017] forest - Kurseong 2400 Dec. 160 Gastrochilus desypogon (J.E. Smith) Kuntze [Rajendra Epiphytic Sittong, Panbu forest - 600- Oct.- et al . 1511] Kalimpong 1400 Nov. 161 Gastrochilus calceolaris (Buchanan-Hamilton ex J.E. Epiphytic Rammam forest - Darjeeling; 1700- Apr.- Smith) D. Don Toroyok Busty - Kurseong 2300 Jun. [Rajendra et al . 0451] 162 Gastrichilus distichus (Lindl.) Kuntze [Rajendra et al . Epiphytic Alubari (Neora Valley), Todey - 1700- Mar.- Int. J. of Pharm. & Life Sci. (IJPLS), Vol. 3, Issue 3: March: 2012, 1533-1550 1542

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0303] Kalimpong; Rimbik - Darjeeling 2600 May 163 Gastrochilus inconspicuus (Hook. f.) Kuntze Epiphytic Seokbir Khani, Relli forest - 200-700 Jun.- [Rajendra et al . 0901] Kalimpong Jul. 164 Gastrochilus sonamii S.Z. Lucksom Epiphytic Rammam forest, Neora Valley - 1800- Nov.- [Rajendra et al . 0740] Kalimpong 2600 Dec. 165 Geudorum densiflorum (Lamarck) Schltr. [Rajendra et Terrestrial Relli River sides - Kalimpong 600- Jun.- al . 0503] 1300 Jul. 166 Goodyera foliosa (Lindl.) Bentham ex C.B. Clarke Semi Forest areas in Kumsi, Todey - 900- Aug.- [Rajendra et al . 1407] Saprophytic Kalimpong 2600 Sep. 167 Goodyera fusca (Lindl.) Hook. f. Semi Forest areas in Lava, Neora 1900- Sep.- [Rajendra et al . 0701] Saprophytic Valley - Kalimpong 2300 Oct. 168 Goodyera hemsleyana King & Pantling [Rajendra et al . Semi Forest areas in Kalpokhari 1800- Jul.- 1388] Saprophytic (Border area of Nepal and 2600 Aug. India); Neora Valley - Kalimpong 169 Goodyera hispida Lindl. Semi Forest areas in Takdah- 350- Jul.- [Rajendra et al . 1421] Saprophytic Kalimpong; Lava -Kalimpong 2300 Sep. 170 Goodyera procera (Ker Gawler) Hook. [Rajendra et al . Terrestrial Forest areas in Samalbong, 400- Feb.- 0761] Suruk-Samthar, Pudung, Kumsi 1100 Apr. - Kalimpong 171 Goodyera schlechtendaliana Rchb. f. [Rajendra et al . Semi Forest areas in Lava, Kaffer - 1400- Aug.- 0698] Saprophytic Kalimpong; Takdah, Rimbik - 2400 Sep. Darjeeling 172 Goodyera vittata (Lindl.) Bentham ex Hook. f. Semi Forest areas in Todey -Tangta - 1600- Jul.- [Rajendra et al . 0617] Saprophytic Kalimpong 3100 Sep. 173 Gymnadenia orchidis Lindl. var. orchidis Terrestrial Sandakphu (Border area of 3000- Jun.- [Rajendra et al . 0546] Nepal and India) 4300 Sep. 174 Habenaria arietina Hook. f. Terrestrial Lava - Kalimpong; 1600- Jul.- [Rajendra et al . 0621] Manaybhanjang, Megma, Siri 3600 Aug. Khola, Sandakphu (Border area of Nepal and India) 175 Habenaria dentata (Sw.) Schltr. Terrestrial Forest areas in Algarah - 600- Sep.- [Rajendra et al . 0713] Kalimpong; Soureni - Mirik 1600 Oct. 176 Habenaria furcifera Lindl. Terrestrial Forest areas in Kumsi, Relli-Pala 600- Jul.- [Rajendra et al . 0656] River sides - Kalimpong 1100 Sep. 177 Habenaria pectinata (J.E. Smith) D. Don [Rajendra et Terrestrial Dhotray, Manaybhanjang - 1500- Aug.- al . 0647] Darjeeling 2400 Sep. 178 Habenaria stenopetala Lindl. Terrestrial Forest areas in Lava, Lopchu, 300- Jul.- [Rajendra et al . 1364] Algarah -Kalimpong 2300 Sep. 179 Herminium jaffreyanum King & Pantling Terrestrial Manaybhanjang, Tonglu, 2200- Jul.- [Rajendra et al . 1682] (Border area of Neapl 3400 Aug. and India) 180 Herminium lanceum (Thunberg ex Sw.) Vuijk Terrestrial Dello Hill, Forest areas in 1100- Jul.- [Rajendra et al . 0597] Algarah - Kalimpong; Dilaram - 4200 Oct. Kurseong

181 Herminium mackinnonii Duthie Terrestrial Dello Hill - Kalimpong, 1100- Jul.- [Rajendra et al . 0124] Manaybhanjang - Darjeeling 1600 Aug. 182 Herminium macrophyllum (D. Don) Dandy Terrestrial Kalpokhari, Bikhaybhanjang, 2750- Jun.- [Rajendra et al. 1667] Sandakphu (Border area of 4000 Aug. Nepal and India) 183 Herminium quinquelobum King & Pantling [Rajendra Terrestrial Manaybhanjang, Tonglu forest 1800- Jul.- et al . 1382] (Border area of Neapl and India) 2600 Aug. Int. J. of Pharm. & Life Sci. (IJPLS), Vol. 3, Issue 3: March: 2012, 1533-1550 1543

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184 Herpysma longicaulis Lindl. Semi Forest areas in Charkhol near 1000- Oct.- [Rajendra et al . 0985] Saprophytic Kaffer - Kalimpong 2200 Feb. 185 Ione bicolor (Lindl.) Lindl. Epiphytic Rimbik - Darjeeling; Lava, 1500- Oct.- [Rajendra et al . 0131] Algarah - Kalimpong 2000 Dec. 186 Ione cirrhata Lindl. Epiphytic Damsang Gari, Algarah - 1600- Oct.- [Rajendra et al . 0738] Kalimpong 1900 Nov. 187 Liparis bootanensis Griff. Epiphytic Todey, Lava - Kalimpong; 1300- Jun.- [Rajendra et al . 1337] Rimbik - Darjeeling 2300 Aug. 188 Liparis cathcartii Hook. f. Terrestrial Forest areas of Neora Valley - 2000- Apr.- [Rajendra et al . 0313] Kalimpong 2700 Jul. 189 Liparis cespitosa (Lamarck) Lindl. Epiphytic Lava, Todey - Kalimpong; 1800- Jun.- [Rajendra et al . 0538] Rimbik - Darjeeling 2200 Sep. 190 Liparis cordifolia Hook. f. Terrestrial Forest areas in Takdah - 550- Oct.- [Rajendra et al . 1515] Darjeeling 2200 Nov. 191 Liparis deflexa Hook. f. Terrestrial Forest areas in Algarah, Lava - 600- Jul.- [Rajendra et al . 1649] Kalimpong 1500 Aug. 192 Liparis dongchenii S.Z. Lucksom Terrestrial Forest areas in Kumsi, Panbu - 600- Jun.- [Rajendra et al . 0593] Kalimpong 1000 Sep. 193 Liparis duthiei Hook. f. Epiphytic Rambi, Relli River side - 400- Jun.- [Rajendra et al . 1321] Kalimpong 1500 Aug. 194 Liparis gamblei Hook. f. Terrestrial Kumsi forest - Kalimpong 1600- Jun.- [Rajendra et al . 1259] 2400 Jul. 195 Liparis nervosa var. nervosa (Thunberg) Lindl. Terrestrial Dello Hill, Algarah, Lava - 900- Apr.- [Rajendra et al . 1116] Kalimpong; Takdah - 2300 Jul. Darjeeling 196 Liparis odorata (Willdenow) Lindl. Terrestrial Dello Hill, Kaffer - Kalimpong 800- Jul.- [Rajendra et al . 0587] 1900 Sep. 197 Liparis plantaginea Lindl. Terrestrial Forest areas in Lava, Neora 1800- Jul.- [Rajendra et al . 0665] Valley, Todey - Kalimpong; 2400 Sep. Takdah - Darjeeling 198 Liparis platyrachis Hook. f. Epiphytic Todey, Algarah forest - 1000- Oct.- [Rajendra et al . 1705] Kalimpong 1300 Nov. 199 Liparis resupinata Ridley Epiphytic Lava forest, Algarah, Todey 1600- Oct.- [Rajendra et al . 0737] forest - Kalimpong 2100 Feb. 200 Liparis resupinata Ridley var. ridleyi King & Pantling Epiphytic Lava forest, Algarah, Todey 1600- Oct.- [Rajendra et al . 0737] forest - Kalimpong 2100 Feb. 201 Liparis somai Hayata Epiphytic Samalbong, Sangsay Bhalukhop 800- Aug.- [Rajendra et al . 0969] - Kalimpong 1800 Oct. 202 Liparis viridiflora (Bl.) Lindl. Epiphytic Todey, Neora Valley - 1300- Sep.- [Rajendra et al . 0944] Kalimpong; Rammam forest - 2100 Dec. Darjeeling 203 Lusia brachystachys (Lindl.) Bl. Epiphytic Mungpoo, Mamring Busty - 1000- Apr.- [Rajendra et al . 1131] Kurseong 2000 May 204 Lusia filiformis Hook. f. Epiphytic Relli - Kalimpong; Kalijhora 300- Apr.- [Rajendra et al . 0369] forest - Kurseong 1100 Jun. 205 Lusia trichorrhiza (Hook.) Bl. Epiphytic Kumsi, Samalbong, Nimbong - 800- Mar.- [Rajendra et al . 0791] Kalimpong; Mungpoo 1300 May 206 Lusia zeylanica Lindl. Epiphytic Kalijhora, Tindharey - 300-800 Feb.- [Rajendra et al . 0398] Kurseong; Kumsi - Kalimpong May 207 Malaxis acuminata D. Don Terrestrial Dello Hill, forest areas in Lava - 800- Jan.- [Rajendra et al . 0564] Kalimpong; Takdah, Lopchu - 2100 Aug. Darjeeling Int. J. of Pharm. & Life Sci. (IJPLS), Vol. 3, Issue 3: March: 2012, 1533-1550 1544

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208 Malaxis khasiana (Hook. f.) Kuntze Terrestrial Lava, Neora Valley - Kalimpong 1000- Jun.- [Rajendra et al . 1663] 3000 Jul. 209 Malaxis muscifera (Lindl.) Kuntze Terrestrial Forest areas in Gairebas (Border 2000- Jul.- [Rajendra et al . 0633] area of Nepal and India); Birch 2900 Sep. Hill - Darjeeling; Rachela - Kalimpong 210 Malaxis ophrydis (Konig) Ormerod Terrestrial Pudung, Dello hill, Forest areas 800- May- [Rajendra et al . 0525] of Kumsi - Kalimpong 1600 Jul. 211 Malaxis purpurea (Lindl.) Kuntze Terrestrial Forest areas in Kumsi, Relli-Pala 700-850 Jul.- [Rajendra et al. 1678] - Kalimpong Aug. 212 Mastigion appendiculatum (Rolfe) Garay, Hamer & Epiphytic Forest areas in Najok - 700- Oct.- Siegreist Kalimpong; Latpanjar - 1200 Dec. [Rajendra et al . 1508] Kurseong 213 Micropera obtusa (Lindl.) T. Tang & F.T. Wang Epiphytic Kalijhora - Kurseong; Sevoke - 200-800 Jul.- [Rajendra et al . 0675] Siliguri; Relli-Pala - Kalimpong Sep. 214 Mischobulbum megalanthum T. Tang & F.T. Wang Terrestrial Forest areas in Kalijhora 250-700 Mar.- [Rajendra et al . 1076] Apr. 215 Monomeria barbata Lindl. Epiphytic Lava forest, Neora Valley- 900- Nov.- [Rajendra et al . 1031] Kalimpong 2500 Feb. 216 Nephelaphyllum cordifolium Lindl. Terrestrial Forest areas in Damsang Gari - 800- Jun.- [Rajendra et al . 1221] Kalimpong 1600 Aug. 217 Nephelaphyllum pulchrum Bl. var. sikkimensis Hook. f. Terrestrial Relli River sides - Kalimpong 450- Jun.- [Rajendra et al . 1246] 1400 Jul. 218 Nervilia aragona Gaudichaud Terrestrial Forest areas in Latpanjar - 400- Apr.- [Rajendra et al . 1568] Kurseong; Kumsi - Kalimpong 1000 May 219 Nervilia gammieana (Hook. f.) Schltr. [Rajendra et al . Terrestrial Kumsi forest - Kalimpong 800- Apr.- 0834] 1300 Jun. 220 Nervilia plicata (Andrews) Schltr. Terrestrial Forest areas in Kalijhora - 300-850 May- [Rajendra et al. 1598] Kurseong; Nimbong - Jun. Kalimpong 221 Oberonia acaulis Griff. Epiphytic Tangta, Godok-Todey - 900- Sep.- [Rajendra et al . 1489] Kalimpong 1900 Nov. 222 Oberonia angustifolia Lindl. Epiphytic Lungshel-Suntalay, Dello Hill - 800- Jun.- [Rajendra et al . 0531] Kalimpong 1800 Jul. 223 Oberonia caulescens Lindl. Epiphytic Damsang Gari, Lava forest - 1500- Jun.- [Rajendra et al . 1583] Kalimpong 2700 Aug. 224 Oberonia emarginata King & Pantling [Rajendra et al . Epiphytic Dello Hill, Todey forest - 1100- Jun.- 0921] Kalimpong 2000 Sep. 225 Oberonia ensiformis (J.E. Smith) Lindl. [Rajendra et Epiphytic NHPC Project side, Najok forest 450-700 Oct.- al . 1699] - Kalimpong Nov. 226 Oberonia falcata King & Pantling Epiphytic Forest areas of Kaffer, Lava - 1300- Jul.- [Rajendra et al . 1693] Kalimpong 1800 Oct. 227 Oberobia mucronata (D. Don) Ormerod & Seidenfaden Epiphytic Charkhol, Relli - Kurseong; 300-900 Oct.- [Rajendra et al . 0162] Kalijhora -Kurseong Nov. 228 Oberonia recurva Lindl. Epiphytic Kalijhora, Relli, - 200-900 Oct.- [Rajendra et al . 0221] Kalimpong; Sevoke - Siliguri Mar. 229 Oberonia pachyrachis Rchb. f. ex Hook. f. [Rajendra et Epiphytic Kalijhora, Rambi, Relli, Ratay- 300-800 Oct.- al . 0733] Makum forest -Kalimpong Dec. 230 Odontochilus crispus (Lindl.) Hook. f. [Rajendra et al . Semi Forest areas in Latpanjar, 300- Aug.- 1466] Saprophytic Baggonra - Kurseong 2800 Oct. 231 Odontochilus elwesii C.B. Clarke ex Hook. f. [Rajendra Semi Forest areas in Lava- 1900- Aug.- et al . 0695] Saprophytic Kalimpong; Samanden - 2600 Sep. Int. J. of Pharm. & Life Sci. (IJPLS), Vol. 3, Issue 3: March: 2012, 1533-1550 1545

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Darjeeling 232 Odontochilus grandiflorus (Lindl.) Bentham & Hook. Semi Forest areas in Damsang Gari - 900- Jun.- f. Saprophytic Kalimpong 1700 Jul. [Rajendra et al . 1266] 233 Odontochilus lanceolatus (Lindl.) Bl. [Rajendra et al . Semi Forest areas in Lava - 1800- Sep.- 0692] Saprophytic Kalimpong; Rammam - 2500 Oct. Darjeeling 234 Ornithochilus difformis (Wall. ex Lindl.) Schltr. Epiphytic Nokhdara, Lava, Kumsi - 900- Jun.- [Rajendra et al . 0557] Kalimpong; Lopchu forest - 2300 Sep. Darjeeling 235 Otochilus albus Lindl. Epiphytic Lava, Algarah, Pedung - 900- Mar.- [Rajendra et al . 0261] Kalimpong 2100 Jun. 236 Otochilus fuscus Lindl. Epiphytic Dello Hill, Suruk-Samthar - 700- Dec.- [Rajendra et al . 0692] Kalimpong 2200 Mar. 237 Otochilus lancilabius Seidenfaden Epiphytic Algarah, Nokdara, Tangta forest 900- Nov.- [Rajendra et al . 0748] - Kalimpong 2600 Jan. 238 Panisea demissa (D. Don) Pfitzer. Epiphytic Lopchu - Darjeeling; Lava, 1900- Oct.- [Rajendra et al . 0730] Rachela forest - Kalimpong 3200 Dec. 239 Panisea uniflora (Lindl.) Lindl. Epiphytic Khalijhora, Pankhabari - 300- Mar.- [Rajendra et al . 0718] Kurseong 1000 Jun. 240 Paphiopedilum fairrieanum (Lindl.) Stein. [Rajendra Terrestrial Pine View and Holumba 1000- Oct.- et al . 1739] Nursery - Kalimpong 2300 Dec. 241 Paphiopedilum insigne (Wall. ex Lindl.) Pfitzer Terrestrial Pine View and Holumba 1000- Nov.- [Rajendra et al . 1529] Nursery - Kalimpong 1700 Jan. 242 Paphiopedilum hirsutissimum (Lindl. ex Hook.) Stein Terrestrial Pine View and Holumba 100- Feb.- [Rajendra et al . 1109] Nursery - Kalimpong 1900 Apr. 243 Paphiopedilum venustum (Wall.) Pfitzer [Rajendra et Terrestrial Holumba Floral Nursery - 1000- Jan.- al . 1539] Kalimpong 2100 Mar. 244 Paphiopedilum villosum (Lindl.) Pfitzer [Rajendra et Terrestrial Pine View Floral Nursery - 790- Feb.- al . 1546] Kalimpong 1200 Mar. 245 Pelatantheria insectifer (Rchb. f.) Rolfe [Rajendra et Epiphytic Sevoke forest - Siliguri 150-900 Oct.- al . 1484] Nov. 246 Papilionanthe teres (Roxb.) Schltr. Epiphytic Sevoke, NBU Campus - 150-700 May- [Rajendra et al . 0491] Siliguri; Sukuna - Kurseong Jul. 247 Peristylus affinis (D. Don) Seidenfaden [Rajendra et al . Terrestrial Panbu, Algarah forest - 600- Jun.- 0630] Kalimpong 1900 Aug. 248 Peristylus constrictus (Lindl.) Lindl. [Rajendra et al . Terrestrial Relli River side, Kumsi forest - 300- Jun.- 1251] Kalimpong 1700 Aug. 249 Peristylus fallax Lindl. Terrestrial Kalpokhari, Sandakphu forest 2500- Jul.- [Rajendra et al . 1401] (Border area of Nepal and India) 3800 Sep. 250 Peristylus goodyeroides (D. Don) Lindl. [Rajendra et Terrestrial Forest areas in Kumsi, Suruk - 400- Jun.- al . 0496] Kalimpong 1500 Jul. 251 Peristylus superanthus J.J. Wood Terrestrial Megma, Tonglu forest (Border 2500- Jul.- [Rajendra et al . 1372] area of Nepal and India) 3200 Aug. 252 Peristylus nematocaulon (Hook. f.) M.L. Banerji & P. Terrestrial Lamaydhura, Tonglu forest- 2400- Jul.- Pradhan (Border area of Nepal and India) 3600 Oct. [Rajendra et al . 0626] 253 Peristylus parishii Rchb. f. Terrestrial Samalbong, Ratay Makum - 500-800 Jun.- [Rajendra et al . 1231] Kalimpong Jul. 254 Peristylus tipuliferus (Parish & Rchb. f.) Mukherjee Terrestrial Dello Hill, Neora Valley - 1200- Jul.- [Rajendra et al . 0582] Kalimpong; Tonglu - Darjeeling 2800 Sep. 255 Phaius flavus (Bl.) Lindl. Terrestrial 8th mile Kalimpong, Kumsi 550- Mar.- Int. J. of Pharm. & Life Sci. (IJPLS), Vol. 3, Issue 3: March: 2012, 1533-1550 1546

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[Rajendra et al . 1036] forest 1600 Apr. 256 Phaius mishmensis (Lindl. & Paxton) Rchb. f. Terrestrial Forest areas of Takdah, 1100- Sep.- [Rajendra et al . 1462] Manaybhanjang - Darjeeling 2700 Oct. 257 Phaius tankervilleae (Banks ex I’ Heritier) Bl. Terrestrial Samalbong, Pudung - 600- Apr.- [Rajendra et al . 0811] Kalimpong; Kurseong, Mirik 1800 May 258 Phalaenopsis deliciosa Rchb. f. subsp. hookeriana Epiphytic Guling, Jaldhaka, Lesh khola - 300-800 May- (Gruss & Rrollke) E.A. Christenson Kalimpong Sep. [Rajendra et al . 1237] 259 Phalaenopsis lobbii (Rchb. f.) H.R. Sweet [Rajendra et Epiphytic Tarkhola - Kalimpong; Sukuna - 250-700 Mar.- al . 1088] Kurseong May 260 Phalaenopsis mannii Rchb. f. Epiphytic Sukuna forest - Kurseong 150-900 Apr.- [Rajendra et al . 0806] Jun. 261 Phalaenopsis taenialis (Lindl.) E.A. Christenson & Epiphytic Kumsi - Kalimpong; Rammam 1000- Apr.- Pradhan forest -Darjeeling 2800 May [Rajendra et al . 0446] 262 Pholidota articulata Lindl. Epiphytic Samalbong - Kalimpong; 300- Apr.- [Rajendra et al . 0393] Kalijhora - Kurseong 1600 Jul. 263 Pholidota articulata var. griffithii (Hook. f.) King and Epiphytic Samalbong, Yangmakum - 400- Apr.- Pantling Kalimpong 1200 Aug. [Rajendra et al . 0887] 264 Pholidota imbricata Hook. Epiphytic Samalbong-Relli - Kalimpong; 300- Apr.- [Rajendra et al . 0487] Kalijhora - Kurseong 1200 Aug. 265 Pholidota pallida Lindl. Epiphytic Samalbong, Relli - Kalimpong; 800- Jun.- [Rajendra et al . 1301] Kalijhora, Lathpanjar - 1100 Oct. Kurseong 266 Pholidota recurva Lindl. Epiphytic Todey forest - Kalimpong 600- Aug.- [Rajendra et al . 1453] 2000 Sep. 267 Pholidota rubra Lindl. Epiphytic Forest areasa in Algarah, Lava - 900- Oct.- [Rajendra et al . 1731] Kalimpong 2200 Dec. 268 Platanthera bakeriana (King & Pantling) Kranzlin Terrestrial Megma, Tumbling, Phalut forest 2200- Jul.- [Rajendra et al . 1367] (Border area of Nepal and India) 3400 Aug. 269 Platanthera biermanniana (King & Pantling) Kranzlin Terrestrial Chetrey, Tonglu, Kalpokhari 2500- Jul.- [Rajendra et al . 1369] (Border area of Nepal and 3200 Aug. India); Neora Valley - Kalimpong 270 Platanthera clavigera Lindl. Terrestrial Manaybhanjang, Rimbik - 1900- Jul.- [Rajendra et al . 0660] Darjeeling; Neora Valley - 2800 Sep. Kalimpong 271 Platanthera cumminsiana (King & Pantling) Renz. Terrestrial Megma, Sandakphu, Kalpokhari 2800- Jul.- [Rajendra et al . 1375] forest (Border area of Nepal and 3500 Aug. India) 272 Platanthera edgeworthii (Hook. f. ex Collett) R.K. Terrestrial Megma (Border area in Nepal 2400- Jul.- Gupta and India) Samanden forest - 2900 Aug. [Rajendra et al . 0628] Darjeeling 273 Platanthera exelliana Soo Terrestrial Sandakphu, Phalut (Border area 3000- Jun.- [Rajendra et al . 1681] of Nepal and India) 4200 Aug. 274 Platanthera leptocaulon (Hook. f.) Soo [Rajendra et al . Terrestrial Dello Hill - Kalimpong; 1800- Jul.- 0613] Manaybhanjang, Kalpokhari 3600 Aug. forest (Border area of Nepal and India) 275 Platanthera stenantha (Hook. f.) Soo [Rajendra et al . Terrestrial Forest areas of Kaiyakatay 1900- Jul.- 1394] (Border ar ea of Nepal and India) 3300 Sep.

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276 Pleione hookeriana (Lindl.) B.S. Williams [Rajendra et Epiphytic Ghorkhey, Sandakphu, 2100- May- al . 0469] Kalpokhari (Border area of 3600 Jul. Nepal and India) 277 Pleione humilis (J.E. Smith) D. Don [Rajendra et al . Epiphytic Chetray, Kalpokhari forest 1800- Feb.- 0296] (Border area of Nepal and 3300 Apr. India); Neora Valley - Kalimpong 278 Pleione maculata (Lindl.) Lindl. Epiphytic Pankhabari forest - Kurseong 500- Oct.- [Rajendra et al . 1504] 1800 Nov. 279 Pleione praecox (J.E. Smith) D.Don [Rajendra et al . Epiphytic Lava, Todey - Kalimpong; 1800- Sep.- 0181] Sukiapokhari - Darjeeling 2400 Dec. 280 Podochilus cultratus Lindl. Epiphytic Dudhay - Kurseong; Panbu - 300- Aug.- [Rajendra et al . 1442] Kalimpong 1700 Sep. 281 Podochilus khasianus Hook. f. Epiphytic Kaffer, Godok-Todey - 1000- Jul.- [Rajendra et al . 1355] Kalimpong 2000 Sep. 282 Pomatocalpa armigerum (King & Pantling) T. Tang Epiphytic Forest areas in Sukuna, 200-700 Aug.- & F.T. Wang Kalijhora - Kurseong Sep. [Rajendra et al . 1402] 283 Porpax elwesii (Rchb. f.) Rolfe Epiphytic Suruk Busty - Kalimpong; 500- Oct.- [Rajendra et al . 1519] Latpanjar - Kurseong 1800 Dec. 284 Pteroceras teres (Bl.) Holttum Epiphytic Guling, Panbu forest - 300- Jun.- [Rajendra et al . 0915] Kalimpong 1100 Aug. 285 Rhynchostylis retusa (L.) Bl. Epiphytic Samalbong, Bagrakote - 150-900 Jun.- [Rajendra et al . 0519] Kalimpong; Sevoke - Siliguri Jul. 286 Rhomboda lanceolata (Lindl.) Ormerod [Rajendra et Terrestrial Forest areas of Damsang Gari - 1100- Aug.- al . 1436] Kalimpong 2100 Sep. 287 Saccolabiopsis pussila (Lindl.) Seidenfaden & Garay Epiphytic Sevoke - Siliguri; Gorubathan - 200-500 Feb.- [Rajendra et al . 1090] Kalimpong Mar. 288 Satyrium ciliatum var. ciliatum (Lindl.) Hook. f. Terrestrial Sandakphu, Kalpokhari, Tonglu, 2300- Aug.- [Rajendra et al . 1411] Megma (Border area of Nepal 4300 Oct. and India) 289 Satyrium nepalense var. nepalense D. Don [Rajendra et Terrestrial Maneybhanjang-Darjeeling; 1700- Aug.- al . 0642] Lava, Algarah -Kalimpong 3500 Oct. 290 Smitinandia micrantha (Lindl.) Holttum [Rajendra et Epiphytic Sukuna, Panighatta - Kurseong; 150- Apr.- al . 0387] Sevoke - Siliguri 1100 Jun. 291 Spiranthes sinensis (Persoon) Ames. Terrestrial Forest areas in Tumbling 1100- Jul.- [Rajendra et al . 0116] (Border area of Nepal and 2900 Sep. India); Manaybhanjang, Dello Hill, Lava - Kalimpong 292 Steriochilus hirtus Lindl. Epiphytic Serikhola, Dhotray - Darjeeling 1800- May- [Rajendra et al . 0439] 2500 Jun. 293 Sunipia intermedia (King & Pantling) P.F. Hunt Epiphytic Lungshel - Kalimpong; Dow 1300- Apr.- [Rajendra et al . 0341] Hill - Kurseong 2100 Jun. 294 Sunipia scariosa Lindl. Epiphytic Lakpatar - Darjeeling; Todey - 1000- May- [Rajendra et al . 0855] Kalimpong 1900 Jun. 295 Tainia minor Hook. f. Semi Forest areas in Mem Tea Estate, 1700- May- [Rajendra et al . 0851] Saprophytic Sukiapokhari -Darjeeling; 2300 Jun. Algarah - Kalimpong 296 Thelasis pygmaea (Griff.) Bl. Epiphytic Forest areas in Neol, Kumsi, 250-900 Aug.- [Rajendra et al . 0681] Yangmakum - Kalimpong Sep. 297 Thunia alba (Lindl.) Rchb. f. Epiphytic Suruk, Pudung - Kalimpong 600- Jun.- [Rajendra et al . 0074] 1800 Aug. Int. J. of Pharm. & Life Sci. (IJPLS), Vol. 3, Issue 3: March: 2012, 1533-1550 1548

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298 Thunia bracteata (Roxb.) Schltr. Epiphytic Hill Top, Dello Hill, Pudung, 900- Aug.- [Rajendra et al . 0933] Kumsi - Kalimpong 1400 Sep. 299 Tipularia josephi Rchb. f. ex Lindl. Semi Forest areas in Gairibas, 1900- Jul.- [Rajendra et al . 0636] Saprophytic Kalpokhari (Border area of 3100 Sep. Nepal and India) 300 Trichotosia dasyphylla (Parish & Rchb. f.) Kranzlin Epiphytic Samalbong, Nimbong - 800- Apr.- [Rajendra et al . 0883] Kalimpong 1200 Jun. 301 Trichotosia pulvinata (Lindl.) Kranzlin [Rajendra et al . Epiphytic Chibo Busty, Majitar - 400-800 Jul.- 1361] Kalimpong, Sep. 302 Uncifera obtusifolia Lindl. Epiphytic Sonadah - Kurseong; Lava - 1000- Aug.- [Rajendra et al . 0927] Kalimpong; Sukiapokhari - 2200 Sep. Darjeeling 303 Vanda alpina Lindl. Epiphytic Kumsi forest - Kalimpong 800- Jun.- [Rajendra et al . 1211] 1800 Jul. 304 Vanda cristata Lindl. Epiphytic Lungshel, Samalbong-Sinjee 700- Apr.- [Rajendra et al . 0434] Busty - Kalimpong; 1900 Jun. Dow Hill - Kurseong 305 Vanda cristata var. multiflora Hort. Epiphytic Samalbong, Samthar - 700- Apr.- [Rajendra et al . 0381] Kalimpong; Teesta Valley 1300 Jun. 306 Vanda pumila Hook. f. Epiphytic Kalijhora forest - Kurseong 360-750 Apr.- [Rajendra et al . 1127] May 307 Vandopsis undulata (Lindl.) J.J. Smith [Rajendra et al . Epiphytic Nokdara, Lava -Kalimpong; 1800- Apr.- 0337] Rimbik - Darjeeling 2400 May 308 Zeuxine affinis (Lindl.) Bentham ex Hook. f. [Rajendra Semi Forest areas in Kaffer, Lava - 1600- Oct.- et al . 1777] Saprophytic Kalimpong 2100 Jan. 309 Zeuxine flava (Wall. ex Lindl.) Trimen [Rajendra et al . Semi Forest areas in Lava - 800- Mar.- 1187] Saprophytic Kalimpong 2100 May 310 Zeuxine goodyeroides Lindl. Semi Forest areas of Neora Valley - 1400- Sep.- [Rajendra et al . 0690] Saprophytic Kalimpong; Takdah - Darjeeling 2300 Oct. 311 Zeuxine reflexa King & Pantling Semi Forest area in Algarah, Damsang 1000- Mar.- [Rajendra et al . 1562] Saprophytic Gari - Kalimpong 1400 May

Fig. 1: Location of Darjeeling district (study area) of West Bengal, India

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Semi Saprophyt ic 5.46% 217 Epiphytic Terrestrial 24.76%

Terrestrial 77 Epiphytic 69.78% Semi Saprophytic 17

0 50 100 150 200 250

2 3

Fig. 2 and 3. Availability of Orchid species in Darjeeling Himalaya

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