15 Outil De Travail

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15 Outil De Travail es C’est un livre naturel car il n’a été fabriqué par personne. Le livre tourne seul ses pages. 15 Chaque jour s’ouvre une page et si quelqu’un veut la tourner intentionnellement, OUTILS D'ANALYSE il saigne parce qu’il est vivant. TOME Le mythe n’est pas un récit, il est d’abord un vécu, le noyau de tout vécu ou encore, pour emprunter le langage des physiciens, la dimension subjective du réel. VOCABULAIRE - GLOSSAIRE - BIBLIOGRAPHIE Bien souvent la relation entre mythe et vécu mythique est comparable à celle qui s’établit entre rêve et récit du rêve. les labyrinthes sonor C’est pourquoi cette encyclopédie, qui comprend au total 15 tomes, ne se contente pas de présenter des récits, elle rend également compte des vécus qui les engendrent et présente, dans des documents audiovisuels, YUCATÈQUE différents types de pratiques mythiques. YA GIE MA LE WAY KOT HOLO dans le brasier de l’aigle CHAK ET SES CHEVAUX OUTILS D'ANALYSE LA CORDE DE VIE ANCÊTRES ET SERPENTS VOCABULAIRE - GLOSSAIRE - BIBLIOGRAPHIE LA MYT LES LIVRES DE CHILAM BALAM LES BALAM JESUS CHRIST ET LA CROIX ARBRE DE LES AROUCHES capteurs d’ancêtres Le tome 15 présente des outils qui facilitent la lecture de cette encyclopédie. Il commence par un Vocabulaire religieux et philosophique X-TABAY LES OISEAUX GSRDIENS JAGUARS mère cosmique lequel présente une cinquantaine de notions clefs et facilite une lecture pluriculturelle de cette encyclopédie. LES FRÈRES JACQUES Une série de glossaires sont autant d’éclairages particuliers sur la faune, la flore et les “divinités” ou plus exactement les vencêtres mayas ET LEURS SŒURS LES VIERGES H-WAN TUL (vencêtre traduit la notion yucatèque de ik’). maître du monde souterrain Enfin une bibliographie organisée en quatre sections complète l’ensemble. Les Labyrinthes Sonores ENCYCLOPÉDIE ENCYCLOPÉDIE DE LA MYTH OLOGIE MAYA YUCATÈQUE TOME 15 Les Labyrinthes Sonores ENCYCLOPÉDIE DE LA MYTHOLOGIE MAYA YUCATÈQUE TOME 15 MICHEL BOCCARA MICHEL BOCCARA ISBN : 2-911184-07-6 150 FF Editions DUCTUS Editions DUCTUS & & URA 1478 URA 1478 Université de Picardie Université de Picardie CNRS CNRS Outils d’analyse (Vocabulaire, Glossaire, Bibliographie) du même auteur Les Labyrinthes sonores ENCYCLOPÉDIE DE LA MYTHOLOGIE Entre métamorphose et sacrifice MAYA YUCATÈQUE La religion populaire des Mayas Paris, L ’Harmattan, 1990 Tome 1 Introduction : nés d’une pierre de maïs Artautotal, le poète tue ses doubles, Tome 2 Ancêtres et serpents : mythologie du ciel et de la terre* Paris, Ductus, 1996 Tome 3 X–tabay, mère cosmique : mythologie de l’amour Tu ne connaîtra jamais bien les Mayas, Tome 4 H–wan tul, maître du monde souterrain : Paris, CNRS Audiovisuel-LAUA mythologie du bétail et de l’argent de l’Ecole d’Architecture de Nantes, Mnemosyne, 1995 (film) Tome 5 La corde de vie ou le cordon ombilical céleste* Tome 6 Le Way kot, dans le brasier de l’aigle : mythologie du sacrifice, du commerce et de la guerre Tome 7 Les arouches, capteurs d’ancêtres : mythologie de la fabrication des dieux Tome 8 Chak et ses chevaux : mythologie de la pluie et de la fertilité Tome 9 Les frères Jacques et leurs sœurs les Vierges : l’unité mythique du pays yucatèque* Tome 10 La croix-arbre et notre seigneur Jésus Christ : l’axe du monde* Tome 11 L ’«oisèleté» ou le monde des oiseaux* Tome 12 Les livres de Chilam Balam, le prophète Jaguar* Tome 13 Les Balam, Gardiens Jaguar* Tome 14 Thèmes variés* (Tamaychi, les rois mayas, le maïs, le cerf, les abeilles...) Tome 15 Outils de recherche : Vocabulaire, bibliographie, glossaire * à paraître ultérieurement Michel Boccara Les Labyrinthes sonores ENCYCLOPÉDIE DE LA MYTHOLOGIE MAYA YUCATÈQUE TOME 15 Outils de recherche Vocabulaire, Glossaire, Bibliographie EDITIONS DUCTUS & URA 1478 Université de Picardie – CNRS Conventions Les noms d’animaux, les noms de plantes ainsi que les noms scien- tifiques correspondants, les noms de vencêtres (ancêtres mythiques) et certains termes mayas figu- rent au Glossaire (tome 15). Les mots mayas sont donnés en italiques à l’exception des noms propres, en caractères romains et débutant par une majuscule. Chaque terme suivi d’une étoile (*) figure dans le Vocabulaire phi- losophique et religieux (tome 15). Pour ne pas alourdir la notation, l’étoile est placée, pour chaque texte du corpus, et chaque cha- pitre de l’analyse, une seule fois, à la première occurence. Les références bibliographiques sont données en note de maniè- re abrégée, les fiches bibliogra- phiques complètes figurent dans la Bibliographie du tome 15. Un tiré à part de la Bibliographie est disponible, sur demande, chez l’éditeur. © 1997 Michel Boccara – Editions Ductus – URA 1478 Ductus – 11, rue Cambrai – bât. 028 – 75019 Paris – Tél.: 01 40 38 41 21 Maquette Dutcus : Philippe Camus, Jean-Louis Fradelizi Couverture : Nathalie Moulin / Dessin : Flo Villacèque Impression Launay – ISBN 2–911184–07–6 – Dépot légal IIe trimestre 1997 7 SOMMAIRE 1. Vocabulaire philosophique et religieux I. Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 13 1. Pourquoi un vocabulaire philosophique et religieux ? 2. Orientations de ce vocabulaire 3. Critères de choix et thèmes traités II. Vocabulaire ................................................................................................................................... 18 2. Bibliographie réalisée avec Pascale Barthélémy Liste des abréviations utilisées ....................................................................................................... 104 A. Sources .................................................................................................................................. 105 A.1 Sources préhispaniques A.2 Sources coloniales A.3 Littérature orale contemporaine B. Dictionnaires mayas .............................................................................................................. 117 C. Littérature secondaire ........................................................................................................... 119 C.1 études mayas C.2 Varia D Liste des récits recueillis et notices sur les conteurs ............................................................ 140 3. Glossaire 1. Glossaire général ........................................................................................................................ 165 2. Glossaire des vencêtres ............................................................................................................... 174 3. Glossaire des plantes .................................................................................................................. 185 4. Glossaire des animaux ................................................................................................................ 190 4.1 classification par ordres et familles zoologiques 4.2 Ordre alphabétique 8 9 Outils de recherche 1. Vocabulaire philosophique et religieux I. Introduction 1. Pourquoi un vocabulaire philosophique et religieux ? 2. Orientations de ce vocabulaire 3. Critères de choix et thèmes traités II. Vocabulaire A Ah k’in K Kab N Nat T’ T’up Ah tepal Kilich Kit P Pasmo TS’ Ts’ul B Bal Kolel Pay Kuch Pixan U Uts C Cha’ Kux, Pul Chilam Kuxa’an W Way S Santigwar Winik D Dyos K’ K’ah(ol) Santo Y Yum K’as Sip G Grasya K’ex Suhuy K’u Suywa H H (X) – men K’ub Hah T Tab Hel L Loh Tankas Hets’ Tas M Mehen Tits’ I Ik’ Mis Tu s 10 I – Vocabulaire – 11 Vocabulaire Introduction 1. POURQUOI UN VOCABULAIRE PHILOSOPHIQUE même si de longues années de pratique ont pu la lui ET RELIGIEUX? rendre familière. Le second est lié à la nature même du vocabulaire Tout philosophe, et à plus forte raison tout anthro- religieux, en effet il n’est souvent pas compris par le pologue, se doit d’être philologue. L ’amour de la locuteur profane. Il m’a fallu, pour certaines notions, sagesse et l’amour de la langue vont de pair. me livrer à de longues enquêtes éthnolinguistiques et Une des difficultés principales, lorsqu’on aborde historiques pour les comprendre. une autre langue c’est la traduction. Traduire est un Pour certaines de ces notions, j’ai dû inventer des acte dangereux et, les Mayas l’ont bien compris, néologismes, c’est le cas par exemple de la notion de profondément religieux. Lorsque cette religion vise à ik’, que j’ai traduite par «vencêtre». l’acquisition d’une certaine sagesse, elle devient amour Pour d’autres, j’ai pu utiliser un terme courant mais de la sagesse, philosophie. il m’a fallu préciser son sens en fonction du contex- Au XVIe siècle, le principal des spécialistes religieux te. C’est le cas notamment de pay rendue par «appel» des Mayas, le chilam, était d’abord un traducteur, un mais qui, lorsqu’il est employé avec wakax, «le tau- interprète de la langue originale des vencêtres. C’est reau», doit être traduite par «toréer». ainsi que les dictionnaires coloniaux le définissent avant Enfin, un autre ensemble de notions ne pouvaient de préciser ses attributions en matière de religion. être rendues que par plusieurs termes ; dans ce cas j’ai Lors de mes débuts dans la langue maya, quand j’ai souvent décidé de conserver le terme maya suivi de commencé à la maîtriser suffisamment pour tenter de tra- la traduction qui convenait dans ce contexte. duire des textes rituels, je me suis heurté à deux obstacles. C’est le cas pour la notion suhuy que l’on traduira Le premier est celui que rencontre tout traduc- suivant les cas par originel, pur ou très pur, nouveau, teur vis-à-vis d’une langue qui n’est pas la sienne sacré, lunaire, vierge... 12 – Tome
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