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5-16-1957 Hells Canyon, Hungry Horse Dam and the Columbia River Power System Mike Mansfield 1903-2001
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This Speech is brought to you for free and open access by the Mike Mansfield Papers at ScholarWorks at University of Montana. It has been accepted for inclusion in Mike Mansfield Speeches by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at University of Montana. For more information, please contact [email protected]. (Not printed at Government expense) Q:ongrcssional Record United States PROCEE DI NGS AN D D EBATES O F THE 8 th CONG R ES S, FIRST SESSI O N of America 5 Hells Canyon, Hungry Horse Dam, and the Columbia River Power System SPEECH This is an age when energy-and today roughly one-seventh of the national OF this means electric energy-is increas total. I am unable to have this figure ingly the major controlling factor in the verified from any official source as the HON. JAMES E. MURRAY economic develOpment and welfare of the flood control and navigation costs re OF MONTANA Nation. Under these conditions, I will lated to the Columbia River program. IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES never support or condone the under FLOOD CONTROL EXPENDITURES Thursday, May 16, 1957 development of any of the hydroelectric resources which constitute our only truly There are flood-control projects and Mr. MURRAY. Mr. President, I rise to inexhaustible source of energy. Our fos flood-control projects. Some of them, discuss a matter of very serious impor sil fuels may someday be depleted; even such as levees, provide no benefit but tance with regard to the full develop atomic power may someday be limited by flood control, and can never repay their ment, conservation, and wise use of the declining reserves of the proper fuels to cost save by the protection they give; vast natural resources of the United activate reactors; but so long as the they are a permanent, nonreimbursable States. snows melt in the mountains and the investment in the general welfare. But On April 4 the senior Senator from rivers flow to the sea, our hydroelectric there does not appear to be $930 million Utah [Mr. WATKINS] inserted in the REC plants will continue to pump lifegiving invested in such works in connection ORD a statement entitled "Comments on energy into the economic bloodstream of with the whole Columbia Basin program. Hells Canyon Project." I have so much the Nation. The Senator's statement itself indicates a much smaller total. At another point respect for the judgment and wisdom of THE MORAL I SSUE AT HELLS CANYON my good friend from Utah that, after it gives us a grand total of $1,866,402,- studying this document, I wonder if he Any development of such a great water 214 invested in the Columbia River gave it his careful attention before plac resource to less than its maximum eco power system, of which only $118,538,209 ing it in the RECORD. nomic potential constitutes a tragic loss is allocated to flood control and naviga The statement constitutes an attack on to our people and weakens the whole Na tion-less than 7 percent of the total. the entire program of Federal resources tion. This is true not only during the Only this amount, plus the amount allo development in the Northwest, plus alle 50 years of the pay-out period, but for cated to irrigation and a very small gations that the program subsidizes vari the whole life of the project, perhaps amount allocated to recreation, is non ous industries in the region. I was sur centuries. Some may find ways to salve reimbursable in the basin power system; prised and disappointed with my col their consciences for permitting such a all the rest of the total figure will be league's approach to the problem. His crime against unborn generations, but repaid with interest within 50 years approach, if fully carried out, would I cannot, and will not, be a party to it. from power revenues, and after that pe divide the Northwest from the rest of the This is the moral issue in the case of riod those revenues will be almost pure country and treat it as a separate entity, Hells Canyon, and the sooner the people'~; profit to the United States. The North which of course it is not. The Senator representatives recognize this, and stop west will pay for the system and the from Utah has not heretofore displayed discussing it as if it were merely a matter whole Nation will retain title. What a such provincialism in his approach to of public versus private power, the better gilt-edged investment that is! natural resource development. No such the national welfare will be served. To The Senator from Utah [Mr. WAT attitude was evident in his excellent work ignore this is to be blinded by prejudice KINS] gives $50,590,356 as the total allo for the great Upper Colorado develop and propaganda, and to turn our backs cation of costs to flood control in the ment, and he will recall that I supported on the basic fundamentals of what is Columbia River Basin. Imagine that- h is efforts to get that project underway. right and what is wrong in the develop in all the years since we started build In his statement in the RECORD on ment of our God-given natural resources. ing flood-control projects we have only April 4, the Senator. from Utah spoke of SENATOR WATKINS' STATISTICS built $50 million worth in the Columbia "the loquacious spokesmen" for the The Senator from Utah fell into nu River Basin. A single flood in 1948 in Northwest, and predicted that "support merous errors of both fact and conclusion fticted more than $100 million worth of ers of Federal power for the Pacific in h is statement. In pointing some of damage there, twice our total invest Northwest are going to come out kick them out, I have no wish to cast doubt ment in protection. Does the Senator ing and squealing" at his attack on in any way upon his sincerity or good from Utah really think this expenditure Northwest development. I can only as faith, but I believe it is absolutely neces in the Columbia Basin is exorbitant? sume this reference and this prediction sary to demonstrate how terribly mis Obviously, it is not even adequate. must have been leveled at me-along taken he is, lest his statements stand un Fifty-two people lost their lives in the with other Senators-because for over challenged and be accepted as fact. flood of 1948. We must invest several 20 years in this body we have worked, The Senator stated that the Corps of hundred million dollars in additional and upon occasion fought, for the full Engineers had informed him that they flood-control projec~s before any repe development of the water resources both had expended some $930 million on flood tition of such disasters can be prevented of the Northwest and the Nation, includ control and n avigation projects in the with any assurance, and I intend to con ing hydroelectric power. States of Oregon and washington, tinue to work to obtain such funds as 4~8378-62655
Mike Mansfield Papers: Series 21, Box 38 , Folder 66, Mansfield Library, University of Montana. 2 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD long as I am in the Senate of the United and can occur only where there are re the very strategic Committee on Interior States. I sincerely hope the Senator sources to develop. The Government and Insular Affairs, has taken toward the from Utah will reconsider his position does not undertake navigation projects development of all the Western States and support flood control, on a basis of in inland Nevada, nor irrigation works and all the great river basins within the need, in both the Northwest and Utah. in the rain forests of the Olympic Western States. Even if Washington and Oregon did Peninsula where precipitation aver Mr. MURRAY. I thank the Senator get 15 percent of the Army engineers' ages over 120 inches a year. But the from Oregon for his very interestin>, re total nationwide expenditures, is it not Federal Government does develop ir marks, and the very valuable points he a grievous mistake to think in terms of rigation projects in the great West has raised. During the course of my re individual States as if they were sepa ern deserts, and navigation projects marks, I was touching on them, inade rate countries instead of just areas of along our coast and inland water quately, and I am very much pleased that one great Nation? Where should we ways. Likewise, the Federal Government the Senator has brought them out so spend our money on water resource has--in the past--provided the impetus effectively. projects? In the arid areas where there for building of power projects in the Mr. MORSE. Mr. President, will the is no water? Or where the water is? Columbia Basin, where lurks nearly 40 Senator from Montana yield? Money is spent to develop copper in percent of the water-power potential of Montana because there is copper in Mon the United States. Sound governmental Mr. MURRAY. I yield to the Senator tana. It is spent to produce salt from policy calls for expenditure of funds for from Oregon. the Great Salt Lake because there is projects where the power, navigation, Mr. MORSE. I rise to join with my salt there and not in Lake Michigan or and irrigation potential exists. And that colleague in paying my respects to the Lake Erie. It is spent on water develop is the policy we are fighting today to pre chairman of the Senate Committee on ments in the Northwest because our sec serve in the Pacific Northwest. Interior and Insular Affairs, the distin ond mightiest river is there. Mr. President, I wish to express my guished Senator from Montana. Mr. NEUBERGER. Mr. President, appreciation to the eminent Senator I have ~aid on many platforms of will the distinguished senator from from Montana for the able and impor America what I should like to say here Montana yield? tant speech he is making in the Senate. about the Senator from Montana. I Mr. MURRAY. I am glad to yield to This contribution is characteristic of the have said that the people of the United my distinguished friend, the Senator Senator's continual leadership in this States do not have a more effective or from Oregon. whole vital realm. sincere or ardent defender of the peo Mr. NEUBERGER. Mr. President, I Mr. President, I wish also to state to the ple's heritage in their own natural re should like to inquire if the Senator from Senator from Montana that he occupies sources than the senior Senator from Montana is familiar with these dra the rather unique geographical distinc Montana. Once again today the Sena matic flow figures on the Columbia tion of having, in part, represented in tor from Montana is demonstrating that River: the United States Senate for many years when he feels a wrong has been done, The Columbia River empties more a great State, which I believe is traversed he does not hesitate to do what he can water into the sea than any other river by the Continental Divide of the majestic to put the record straight, according to on the continent except the Mississippi Rocky Mountains between the Columbia his sights. itself. Its annual flow averages 180 mil River Basin and the Missouri River I speak with complete respect for the lion acre-feet of water, more than 10 Basin. The entire record of the Senator Senator from Utah LMr. WATKINSl. The times the flow of the Colorado River, in from Montana shows that he has fought Senator from Utah and I simply disagree which the Senator from Utah is so justly for full development of the Columbia fundamentally on the whole approach to interested. Its maximum flow has been River Basin, the Missouri River Basin, the basic Northwest natural resources some 9.3 million gallons per second, and and also the Colorado River Basin. problem. The Senator from Utah and I only as recently as 1948 it flooded at over expressed different points of view in Salt 7 1 million gallons per second. I note that the senior Senator from 2 Oregon LMr. MORSE] is now present in the Lake City last Saturday at the confer Where would the Senator from Utah ence of Western States on water re have funds for flood control and navi Chamber. If I a m not mistaken, the sen ior Senator from Montana [Mr. MURRAY J, sources. I shall in my own time, in due gation spent, if not in the river basins course, proceed to set the record where flood control is needed and navi the senior Senator from Oregon [Mr. MORSE], and I have all supported the straight, as I see the record, with respect gation possible? The projects now un to some statistical information which der construction in the Missouri and upper Colorado project, in which the the Senator from Utah used in his Salt Colorado Basins will provide storage to Senator from Utah l Mr. WATKINS] has Lake City speech last week, statistics contain approximately 5 times the an been so rightfully interested. We sup identical "'ith information being propa nual flow of those rivers, yet all projects ported it, even though very few of the gandized by the private utilities, to the now under construction or completed in benefits will go directly to our own States. effect that Bonneville power, for exam the Columbia Basin will bring the total We are all interested in the development ple, is being sold for less than its cost. flood-control storage in that basin to of that vital realm of the intermountain I said in Salt Lake City-and I say here less than 5 percent of 1 year's annual West, so we never though of it on the today-the facts do not bear out that flow. Does this really sound as if the basis of any local consideration whatso contention on the part of the Senator Northwest is getting more than its share ever. Certainly for that reason I am dis from Utah. of flood control appropriations? I re appointed that the distinguished senior Senator from Utah, who has advocated But what I wish to address myself to fuse to believe this is what the Senator at this moment, by way of interruption, from Utah really means-storage equal pouring nearly a billion dollars of Federal funds into his own region, is so hostile to because the Senator has reached that to 500 percent of annual flow for the point in his speech , is an observation. Colorado and the Missouri Rivers, but the development of the Columbia River Basin. The Senator, for example, has just said: only 5 percent for the Columbia. Money Is spent to develop copper In 11:on An absolute minimum of 27 million I know-and considering the long ca tana because there Is copper In Montana. gcre-feet of flood control storage is re reer of resource development of the sen It Is spent to produce salt from the Great quired for any degree of effective flood ior Senator from Montana, I am sure he Salt Lake, because there Is salt there and control in the Columbia River Basin. agrees-that if the Western States are to not In Lake Michigan or In Lake Erie. It Is Yet the region has only about one-third go forward, they must go forward to spent on water developments In the North of the minimum needed. And, I would gether. For representatives in the Con west, because our second mightiest river like to add, little progress is now being gress from one Western State to lead the is there. made toward achievement of an ade fight against the development of another I wish to enlarge upon that point, if quate flood-control goal for the Colum Western States, in the long run, can only I m ay, and point out, as a part of the bia because of the present administra lead to the downfall and dismay of all the Senator's speech, that when expenditures tion's hostility to starting construction Western States. That is the reason why are related to the proportion of water of new multiple-purpose river projects. I am so appreciative of the broad gage, resources in an area, it is doubtful that Resource development under sponsor statesmanlike attitude which the senior the Northwest has had its fair share of ship of the Federal Government must Senator from Montana, as chairman of the appropriations. 428378-62655
Mike Mansfield Papers: Series 21, Box 38 , Folder 66, Mansfield Library, University of Montana. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD I be<'ome a little tired of hearing the because they get 15 percent of such ex Senators should read the mail \\hlch I chn cs which are being made by selfuh penditures, actually have within their received. I w-as asked, '"\\-hy are you groups In some parts of the country to boundaries 30 percent of the Nation's fighling for the upper Colorado project, the PJrect that we, in the Pacific North total potential water power, the one in when some Western Senators are block v t, are getting more than our fair vestment which pays its way in cash, and ing Hells Canyon Dam?" bhare of appropriations. In the first returns to the Treasury of the United I do not serve in the Senate on the place, ~e are not. In the second place, States many times its cost to the tax basis of any theory of blocking some \\hat ever appropriations go to the de payers. thing that is good merely because I am vclopmPnt or the power resources of the So far as the dams are concerned, the unable to obtain support for somethin Pacific Northwest and the conservation dams of the Columbia River system are else which is likewise r:ood. I do not be of other natural resources in the Pacific ahead of their payout schedule today. lieve m that kind of legislative process. Northwest, help every citizen of the Could it be that we are really not giving I fought for the upper Colorado proj country, no matter where he or she the Northwest its fair share of the ap ect because I think it is a sound prOJect lives, whether it be in Maine, Florida, propriations, rather than giving it more from the standpoint of conserving our Pennsylvania, Ohio, California, or any than its fair share, as has been charged? water supply. I went there and in other State, because only to the extent If the Senator from Montana will per spected the area. I noted, for example, that we conserve our natural resources, mit me, I should like to buttress his that large segments of that region were and carry out the doctrine of trustee speech by stressing al!ain what the Sen already water disaster areas. In Den ship preached by Pinchot and Teddy ator has heard me stress so many times, ver, Colo., there is water rationing for Roosevelt, and leave our natural re but which cannot be repeated too often. several weeks in the year, because of a sources in better condition than that in What is our problem in regard to nat falling water table. I knew the time which we found them, will we keep faith ural resource conservation? Funda had come to take action on the upper with future generations of American mentally, it is a problem of conserving Colorado project, and I supported it. boys and girls. I stress that point as I water. If I were asked to name what I would be less than honest if I did not now place in the REcORD, with the per I think is the greatest domestic need of express keen disappointment that the mission of the Senator from Montana, the American people today, my answer Senator from Utah and some other certain figures. would be that the American people Western Senators from the opposition For the information of the Senator should wake up, before it is too late, to party have been helping to block Hells from Utah and other like-minded Sena the great need of conserving America's Canyon Dam, which is just as sound and tors, I should like to have printed in the water supply. America's water table is RECORD at this point a small table. It is going down; and with that table going just as much needed for the future use down, America's civilization will go down, of American boys and girls as the upper taken from Geological Survey Circular Colorado River project. But I will not 367, entitled "Developed and Potential not in our lifetime, but it is inescapable Water Power of the United States and if we do not stop the falling water table. take the position that I will join in any Other Countries of the World, December All I have to do is to send the reader so-called disciplinary procedure to pre 1954." It is very informative. to the library to read the sorry tale of vent some other good project from de There being no objection, the table history. When nations do not protect veloping, just because the Senators in was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, their water supply, they cease to climb terested in it are too narrow in their as follows: vision or too provincial in their view to the ladder of civilization. Consider the support a magnificent project like Hells cases of China, Persia, and the Middle Canyon. Such a position would simply A vnlluhlc / A mllallc East. Believe it or not, the fallen civili contribute to the anarchy in western Slnlc !)0 \i(·rcl'nt 00 P<.'rrcnt zations in the history of mankind hap ol the l!m~ ol tbc Limo pen to be the civilizations in which there development which is being fostered by ------1·------are always one common element, namely, the views of the senior Senator from Pacent Per ant the failure of the people to conserve their Utah in fighting against full develop W a
Mike Mansfield Papers: Series 21, Box 38 , Folder 66, Mansfield Library, University of Montana. 4 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD I am almost embarrassed to have to operation and maintenance, is surely not ury, and which will be repaid, with in answer such statements. My good friend a gratuity. terest, by the dams themselves. from Utah knows better if he will only The Senator from Utah [Mr. WATKINsl In that respect, I think it noteworthy consider a bit. For instance, I am sure says that "during the first 15 years of that the Senator from Utah [Mr. WAT he is really aware that planning costs of operation the Columbia Basin has paid KINS] himself made the following state these projects are included in what he off only $170,409,916 on its total net cap ment as recently as April 20, 1955, in the calls first costs-the initial investment in ital investment." He fails to point out course of the Senate debate on the upper the project. that exactly 2 years before the end of Colorado project: He must be aware that the cost of the period he mentions, at the end of So, Mr. President, by means of this project, operation and maintenance of the great fiscal 1952, there were in operation in we shall accomplish two purposes. First, we power projects he is talking about that entire basin only 2 projects which shall be able to develop the necessary water; Bonneville, The Dalles, McNary, Chief could pay anything back to the Govern and, second, from the same program we shall Joseph, and the rest--are not an addi ment: Grand Coulee and Bonneville be able to develop power at no extra cost to tional expense to the Government. The the people of the United States, who wlll Dams. How can projects begin to pay loan us the money, to be repaid over a period distinguished Senator's own statement for themselves when they are not even of 50 years, for each of the projects. says at one point: completed? A total additional payment of $170 million Mr. MORSE. Mr. President, will the So it is with the Hells Canyon project: has gone into the Treasury, but it has gone Senator yield? It will be an investment of the public toward payment of operation and mainte Mr. MURRAY. I yield. money in the future of the country, and nance and interest. Mr. MORSE. I should like to place in will be repaid, with interest, to the The Senator from Utah would be more the RECORD at this point another quota Treasury. accurate if he told how well our projects tion from the Senator from Utah. In pointing this out, and in pointing are paying their own way, instead of ac I quote from the hearings on the Colo up the fiscal validity of the Bonneville cusing them of being a load on the Fed rado River storage project of Wednesday, Power System, I say to the distinguished eral Treasury. All fiood control and June 30, 1954, page 312. He said: Senator from Montana that, in my opin navigation projects anywhere in the Na If the Income from the project overall Is ion, he has rendered worthy public tion are nonreimbursable. Power proj enough to repay the costs to the United service. ects repay their costs. They are not a States and leave something for the people Mr. MURRAY. I thank the able cost to the taxpayers. Besides returning themselves, then it ought to be built. Senator from Idaho. I welcome these the investment in their construction with He is right. I think that is equally ap interjections. I am certain that if we interest, they stimulate the economy of pUcable to some of the Pacific Northwest were to search the records, we could fill the area, stimulate industry, and tre projects such as Hells Canyon, which he the RECORD for many days with quota mendously increase tax collections from is now opposing. tions from the Senator from Utah which the corporations and newly employed Mr. MURRAY. I thank the Senator would support the position we have been workers. for his valuable interposition at this taking with reference to these projects Mr. MORSE. Mr. President, will the point. in the West. Sena tor yield? Why were not up-to-date figures used The benefits of the Columbia Basin Mr. MURRAY. I yield. by the Senator from Utah? Total capi Power System and the Tennessee Valley Mr. MORSE. I believe a quotation tal repayment at the end of fiscal 1956, Authority to the people of this Nation from the remarks of the Senator from as shown in schedule 3 of the 1956 report cannot be measured entirely in dollars Utah should be inserted at this point. of the Bonneville Power Administration, and cents, as we have been discussing He was speaking of the Colorado River was $202,178,224, which places the entire them. storage project on the Senate floor on program some $77.1 million ahead of Without elaborating on the subject, let August 19, 1954, when he said: schedule on repayments. Imagine me remind the Senator from Utah that The resulting productivity of the area that--a Government spending program these two areas made outstanding con served by the project, besides providing the which not only pays for itself, but is ac tributions to winning the last great war. money to repay all the reimbursable proj Availability of abundant power in those ect costs, also will furnish tax revenue esti tually over 60 percent ahead of its repay ment schedule, in addition to paying, as areas saves tens and hundreds of thou mated to be far in excess of the total cost of sands of young men's lives. the project every 50 years. the Senator from Utah points out, the full costs of operation and maintenance It is not impossible that this Nation Let me say that that is likewise true and of interest charges on the unpaid may again have to defend itself and the of such great projects as we are fighting balance. Before this $202 million was free world, If that day comes and we for in the Pacific Northwest, like the cred,ited to repayment, the Bonnevme find our country harnessed with little, Hells Canyon Dam. Power Administration had turned over private-power-company dams, wasting Mr. MURRAY. I thank the Senator $247 million to pay for operation, main half the energy potential of our for his statement. tenance, and interest. great rivers, as at Hells Canyon, those People who oppose Federal investment I should like to say to the Senator from who today are battling for such under in resources development preach a phi Utah that if the upper Colorado project development of our potential power will losophy that would keep America per ever gets 60 percent ahead of its repay inevitably have a heavy load upon their petually in the pre-McKinley, horse ment schedule and matches the record of consciences. and-buggy days. If we are going to ac the Northwest projects, he will be justi We should never forget that it is en cept the philosophy behind criticism of fied in feeling proud of his part in bring ergy-abundant energy-which wins the great projects that have stimulated ing the upper Colorado into being, just as wars with a minimum of human sacri the economy of the Pacific Northwest, we who have worked for the Columbia fice. We must not waste our power re then we ought to rescind authorization of River System development feel proud sources. the upper Colorado project right away. when we view its achievements. ALLOCATION OF AT-SITE POWER FROM HUNGRY And if we cannot afford to invest in self Mr. CHURCH. Mr. President, I wish HORSE TO MONTANA liquidating public works, we ought to to commend the distinguished Senator The Senator from Utah has tried to stop building highways and ride bare from Montana. our esteemed Chairman cause dissension among States by allud back as of old, for we cannot afford non of the Committee on Interior and Insu ing to the reservation of at-site power nimbursable public works either! lar Affairs. for the address he is now generated at the Hungry Horse project NO FEDERAL GaATUrriES INVOLVED making. I may say, in this connection, for the State of Montana. The Hells It is impossible to stand idly by while that I think it is a public service to point Canyon Dam bill reserves 500,000 kilo the Senator from the upper Colorado re out that these dams are not impositions watts of power for the State of Idaho, fers to Federal gratuities involved in upon the taxpayers. as they are so often and the Senator bemoans the fate of the Northwest projects and the size of the made out to be by their critics, but. in poor citizens of Idaho who are thus dis outstanding indebtedness. An invest fact, they are investments in the country criminated against. ment which will be repaid with interest, and in the future; investments which At pages 274 and 275 of the hearings including the full amounts required for represent a borrowing from the Treas- held last year by the Interior Commit- 428378-62655
Mike Mansfield Papers: Series 21, Box 38 , Folder 66, Mansfield Library, University of Montana. co TGRESSIO ... TAL RE OTID tee and a subcommittee of the Foreign attrlbut.niJie to Hells Canyon Dam. Ac l:r MORSE. I 1t not true Utnt when RelaUons Committee on the problems of tually, the total production created un we 'Peak of full de\ lopm t, as c m upper Columbla River development, mediately by Hells Canyon Dam at other parcd v.ith parUal de\ lopm nt, of th there arc facts which the Senator, in dams in the ~ystem, including Ch1ef rh·er basm, we have m mind the bene !alrne , should have added to his state Joseph upstream on the Columbia, v. ill fiLS which will accrue from buildin d m ment about these power resen-ntions. be 274.000 k lowatts for a total of 960,000. such as Hungry Horse or Gmlld Coullc The power produced at site by the Even this larger figure lea\·es Idaho \\ ith or Hells Canyon or Me. Tary or nnv or Hungry Hon;e Dam 1s 197,000 kilowatt, 52 percent of the total power production the other dams m a total ba~ln develop of prime pov;er. Water storage at Hun attributable to Hells Canyon. ment area; and if we are to consider the gry Horse adds 613,000 kilowatts ca Twenty-five percent for Montana and conomic benefits, v. e cannot h;nlt our pacllY to existing downstream dams. 52 percent for Idaho! This is not dis statistical analysis to the cost rnlio of Montana actually gets less thar: 25 per crimmaUon against Idaho, and no in a gi~en dam, but we must also consider cent of the total power attributable to flammatory use of half the facts is going the benefits which will ftow from the this project. to turn the people of the two States dam from the standpoint of its effects Mr. MORSE. Mr. President, will the against each other. upon the entire river basm. Is not that Senator from Montana yield to me? Mr. CHURCH. Ni:r. President, '~>ill the true? Mr. MURRAY. I yield. Senator from Montana yield to me? Mr. MURRAY. That is absolutely cor Mr. MORSE. I note that when the The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. NEU rect, and it is coming to be understood senator from Utah referred to the Hun BERGER in the chair). Does the Senator generally by the people of the country, gry Horfe Dam. he used only at-site from Montana yield to the Senator from and especially by the people of the West. fi"ures in calculating the cost of Hungry Idaho? Mr. MORSE. Mr. President, it seems Horse power. I am sure the Senator Mr. MURRAY. I yield. to me that the Senator from Utah under from Montana a~rees with me that we Mr. CHURCH. I would feel remiss, stood that fairly well when the Senate must consider the problem of basin-wide Mr. President, in the performance of my was debating the upper Colorado River integration in connection with these duties as a Senator from the State of project. dams and the control of river flow. Idaho if I did not point out at this time, Mr. MURRAY. Indeed, he did. It is interesting to recall that, in times in connection with the excellent address Mr. MORSE. He was entirely in favor past, the Senator from Utah [Mr. WAT now being delivered by the distinguished of that project. KINS! himself has recognized that; and Senator from Montana, my belief that At this point I should like to refer to in that connection I should like to quote the interests of Idaho are not only fairly the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD and the Sen from what he said in debate on the floor dealt with under the provisions of the ate proceedings on January 11, 1954. of the Senate on August 19, 1954. The Hells Canyon bill, but also that the bene On January 11, 1954, the Senator from Senator from Utah at that time asked fits which will be derived by my State Utah [Mr. WATKINS] requested consent this question: from enactment of the Hells Canyon bill to have printed in the CONGRESSIONAL Is It not true that the large dams have will constitute a bonanza for Idaho and RECORD a Jetter to the editor of the New to be Integrated so that the maximum an economic stimulus which will con York Times, written by Ernest II. Lin amount or firm power can be produced and tribute tremendously to the future ford, editorial writer of the Salt Lake the best Job can be done In regulating the growth and development of Idaho. If it Tribune. Endorsing Mr. Linford's Jetter river and saving water when the water comes were not for my belief that Idaho's in as excellent the Senator from Utah down during floods? terests are not only adequately safe explained that Mr. Linford enjoyed a guarded but also are generously pro distinguished reputation for his coura Does not the Senator from Montana geous editorials. The Jetter, as printed agree with me that on that occasion the moted by the bill, I could not in good Senator from Utah was correct? conscience support it. on page 111 Of the CONGRESSIONAL REC ORD for January 11, 1954, reads in part Mr. MURRAY. Yes; that is correct. I desire to commend the Senator from as follows-and I shall now read from Mr. MORSE. But when it comes to Montana for the statements he is mak the letter which the Senator from Utah calculating the cost of the Hungry Horse ing in respect to the allocation of power, Dam, the Senator from Utah does not under the Hells Canyon proposal, for so heartily approves: the use of Idaho. The upper Colorado River Basin program take into account anything except the must be considered as an entity. It Is care at-site power, and he fails to take into Mr. MURRAY. Mr. President, I fully Integrated and balanced- as to storage, account the Integrated power; is not thank the Senator from Idaho. His re power links, other use of water and as to that true? marks are very much in point, and I am repayment to the Government. Eliminating Mr. MURRAY. That is true. In the glad he has made them at this time. or radically changing one element In the course of my remarks I shall dwell on Mr. President, it is an old technique coordinated plan could throw the overall that point to some extent; but I very to try to get people divided along man program out or balance, making It economi much appreciate the remarks of the Sen made lines on the map. But the only cally or otherwise unfeasible. ator from Oregon, who has stated the way to make sense in dealing with a Mr. President, let me say to the Sena matter in so clear a fashion. river basin is to treat the entire basin tor from Montana that I completely Mr. President, I regret very much that as a single entity and develop it accord agree with Mr. Linford's observation. the Senator from Utah [Mr. WATKINs] ingly with comprehensive planning. I am glad that at that time the Senator is not present at this time to hear these This benefits the whole area, and also from Utah agreed with it, although the remarks. This morning his office was the Nation, as well. The people know discussion on that occasion was in con~ advised of my intention to allude this this, and they are not going to fall for nection with the upper Colorado River afternoon to his April 4 statement. I the fight-each-other technique. project, of which the Senator from Utah am sure he will be interested in reading Mr. MORSE. Mr. President, will the was the author. the RECORD which Is made today, and Senator from Montana yield again to Let me say, for the benefit of the Sen that at a subsequent time he will have me? ator from Utah, that exactly the same something to say. Mr. MURRAY. I yield. observation applies to the Columbia What does the next page of the upper Mr. MORSE. Mr. President, I am River Basin; and the Hungry Horse Columbia hearings show about Hells glad the Senator from Montana has Dam, which the Senator from Montana Canyon? At-site power produced by brought out the single-entity theory. It has been discussing, is a very vital link Hells Canyon will be 686,000 kilowatts is true, is it not, that the Hungry Horse in the whole development of the basin of year-round prime power. Storage of Dam is only one segment of a particu of this river in the Pacific Northwest. water there will add 187,000 kilowatts of larly comprehensive river-development I would say to the Senator from Utah prime power production at downstream program? It is not at all an entity, of that the same observation applies to the dams existing and under construction, itself, is it? Hells Canyon Dam, which he is opposing. including Ice Harbor, McNary, the Mr. MURRAY. It 1s not. It benefits The Hells Canyon Dam is a vital link in Dalles, and Bonneville. So the Idaho the whole area downstream; and it bene the full development of the Columbia reservation of 500,000 kilowatts is over fits not only the State of Montana, but River Basin. That is why I am taking 56 percent of new generating capacity also the Nation. such an adamant position in opposition
>i~B378-62655
Mike Mansfield Papers: Series 21, Box 38 , Folder 66, Mansfield Library, University of Montana. 6 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD to one Dwight D. Eisenhower's proposal Montana because I think it is most im cause we m ade weapons of war of the for underdevelopment of the Columbia portant to call the attention of the peo iron ore in that range-weapons which River Basin and for giving away to the ple of the United States to the fact that were sunk in every sea across the world, private utilities the people's heritage in the policy we have been following in re and which were destroyed on every con the full development of that river. cent years with respect to the develop tinent of the world except our own. I have said on the floor of the Senate ment of natural resources is fundamen We must see now that if there should before, and I repeat today, Dwight tally unsound. be a third world war, the fight would be D. Eisenhower is guilty of a shocking be· I share the feelings of the Senator here, or else we are blind. So it be trayal of a public trust to future genera· from Montana and the Senator from hooves us--we who have used our re tions of American boys and girls by his Oregon with respect to Hells Canyon, and sources with a free and generous hand giveaway policy in regard to the Co· I supported the Hells Canyon bill in the to win the wars of this century-so to lumbia River Basin, and by his refusal committee. I shall support it on the use our water resources, mineral re to go along with the Hells Canyon pro· floor. However, I wish to call attention sources, coal, and oil shale as to make posal which will provide full development to the fact that there is m ore than water certain that our country will not be de of that section of the Columbia River involved. A little later this afternoon, pendent upon foreign sources of supply Basin. when the opportunity shall be afforded for the industrial equipment and the The time has come to draw this issue to me, I shall talk about our failure to industrial energy which are so essential in language which the American people develop oil shale and coal resources. to our preservation. will understand. When we have a Presi· I do not know whether it is understood, It gives me a great deal of pleasure, dent of the United States who, for ex but the fact is that in the modern world, Mr. President, to note that the Senator ample, takes out of the pockets of the wars are becoming more frequent and from Montana, the chairman of the American taxpayers thousands, and, yes, longer, and the periods of peace are be Committee on Interior and Insular Af millions, of dollars of interest money and coming shorter. fairs, is laying these facts before the gives it free to the Idaho Power Co., it With the indulgence of the Senator, I people of the United States this after· is time that someone says, as I have been should like to call attention to some facts noon. When he has finished I hope to saying, that that is political immorality; I discovered by consulting the World take the floor to talk about a bill which and it rests squarely on the shoulders of Almanac the other day. Napoleon the m y colleague, the senior Senator from Dwight D. Eisenhower. The time has Great, as he was called, the Great Con Wyoming [Mr . BARRETT ], and I intro come to call his tactics what they are. queror, captured Moscow on the 14th duced 2 days ago to reestablish the Bu I want to say that in the Hells Canyon of September 1812. Three years later reau of Mines as an entity in the test· Dam historic debate, which is to open he was overwhelmingly defeated, on ing of coal and oil shale for the manu in the Senate of the United States in the June 18, 1815, at Waterloo, and he was facture of liquid fuels so as to make the next few days, I intend to carry the fight captured and made a prisoner for life. United States independent of foreign to one Dwight D. Eisenhower, because he The Napoleonic Wars, this record sources of supply. is the stumbling block. He is the man shows, terminated in 1815. There was Mr. MURRAY. I thank the Senator who last year had the calls made to col no additional war in Europe until 55 from Wyoming for the very fine remarks leagues in the Senate to halt Hells Can years had passed. The Franco-Prussian he has made, which should shock the yon Dam. War broke out in 1873. After that war Nation into a realization of the serious There has been an election since. The was ended by the triumph of the Kaiser condition that confronts us. I thank people of my State made clear what they and of Bismarck, Europe had peace for him very gratefully. think of his tactics. The President 44 years. That interval of peace was 11 Mr. DWORSHAK. Mr. President, will ought to read the mail I am getting in years shorter than that which occurred the Senator yield? 1·egard to this unconscionable act of re between the defeat of Napoleon and the Mr. MURRAY. I yield to the Senator cent days for which he has to take beginning of the Franco-Prussian War. from Idaho. responsibility, when his own ODM, under World War I raged from 1914 to 1918. Mr. DWORSHAK. Thz Senator from Mr. Gray, has granted to the Idaho That was a 4-year war-shorter, indeed, I daho is very much interested in water Power Co. something which will cost the than the Franco-Prussian War, but the resource development in the Northwest American taxpayers millions of dollars. interval between the outbreak of that and is in accord with the views expressed I do not like to talk quite so roughly war and the close of the Franco-Prussian by the Senator from Montana concerning as this about a President of the United ·war was 11 years shorter than the in the need for arousing the people, so that States, because I have great respect for terval between the Napoleonic Wars and we may have made a very careful and the Office. But when any occupant of the Franco-Prussian War. thorough study and survey of the future that Office follows the course of action Twenty-one years passed-half the development of the great Columbia River Mr. Eisenhower has followed, represent· time between the Franco-Prussian War Basin. That is why the people of Idaho ing a betrayal of the public trust, giving and World War I-and the world found are particularly concerned about the de away the heritage of future generations itself involved in World War II. That velopment of the so-called Hells Canyon of Americans in their own natural 1·e began in 1939. It terminated in 1945. area of the middle Snake River. sources and letting private utilities domi We have been on the brink of war ever The Senator from Idaho would be re nate his administration, the time has since. All the peace treaties have not miss in his duty if he did not express his come for someone to use language the been written. We do not know yet what appreciation to the Senators from the people can understand about the man the fate of Europe is to be, or, indeed, Northwest for the solicitude which they in the White House. I say the time has the fate of the world, but we are manu are displaying in regard to this water re come for Congress to reverse the shock facturing atomic weapons. source development in Idaho. I should ing betrayal of a public trust of which We have lost the armaments race. We like, if the Senator will yield, to invite the President is guilty. are not as far ahead of Soviet Russia to attention to the acreage in the Snake Mr. O'MAHONEY. Mr. President, will day as we were in 1945, 12 years ago. River drainage basin, which totals 69,- the Senator yield? Soviet Russia has built a new fleet of 760,000 acres. Mr. MURRAY. I thank the Senator submarines. That fleet is greater than There are seven States in the Columbia f rom Oregon for his observations. I the fleet of submarines which Hitler had, River Basin. The Senator's State of think the facts we have developed en and Hitler's fleet of submarines sank Montana is in that basin, but unfortu tirely justify his vigorous remarks. the oil which was being imported into nately does not have any acreage in the There is no question that the President the United States from South America. Er:ake River drainage basin. owes a duty to the country to state the Mr. MURRAY. And manganese, too. Oregon has 12,922,000 acres, Washing· problem facing us, and to act upon it Mr. O'MAHONEY. And manganese ton has 3,392,000 acres, Idaho has 46,· with fairness and justice to the people. too, as the Senator properly suggests. 297,600 acres, Wyoming has 3,270,400 I yield now to the Senator from We have neglected our own resources. acres, Nevada has 3,577,600 acres, and Wyoming. We have spent for the peace of the world Utah has only 230,400 acres in the Snake Mr. O'MAHONEY. Mr. Pre~ide nt, I the resources we had in great volume. River drainage basin. These figures asked to interrupt the Senator from The Mesabi range was exhausted be- were compiled by the Chief of Army En- 428378- 62655
Mike Mansfield Papers: Series 21, Box 38 , Folder 66, Mansfield Library, University of Montana. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD 7 gineers and published In House Docu I have never seen the Senator from Mon league, the senior Senator from my ment 531, 81st Congress. tant distinguish one nver basin from State. The Senator from Idaho merely wishes another on the basis of how many acres I may say, also. In looking after the to stress the important fact, in connec in his own State happened to be inside interests of the people of the United tion with the total acreage in the Snake a given basin. The senior Senator from States generally, the senior Senat<>r from River drainage basin, that Idaho has ex Montana has made his judgment on Montana has never neglected the in actly two-thirds of the total acreage. So the measurement of the resources which terests of the people of Montana in par it is peculiar that the Senators from the a generous Creator put in a certain place. ticular. This morning in his office he other States in the Columbia River Basin If those resources were there, not was visited by about 16 members of the are so solicitous about safeguarding the through any act of some human being various Indian tribes from the State of interests of Idaho so far as water re but because of the beneficence of the Montana, to discuss problems affecting source development is concerned. Sure Almighty, and they could be developed their interest. I think he has been a ly, if Idaho has two-thirds of the total for the benefit of America and of man distinct asset and honor, not only to acreage in the drainage area, and pro kind, the senior Senator from Montana the Senate of the United States. but to vides most of the water, following the has favored their development. He has the United States as a whole, and most suggestion made by the Senator from never tried to "Balkanize" our country particularly to the State of Montana. Montana, that the people ought to be by pitting one region against another, I think we owe him a great debt of come aroused, I can assured him t!1at the as has possibly been done by the senior gratitude for the fine humanitarian work people of Idaho are being alerted to the Senator from Utah, as pointed out in he has done down through the years. need for conserving and using wisely the the outstanding speech being delivered Mr. NEUBERGER. Mr. President, will water resources of the Snake River :3asin today by the senior Senator from Mon the Senator yield? under priorities which the State claims. tana. Mr. MURRAY. I yield. Mr. MURF.AY. I thank the Senator I wish to say to the able senior Sen from Idaho for his observations. I am ator from Idaho lMr. DwoRSHAK], speak Mr. NEUBERGER. I should like to sure what he says will be very carefully ing for myself as one Member of the Sen comment briefly on the remarks made studied and considered. ate and one member of the Committee by the distinguished junior Senator from Montana [Mr. MANSFIELD]. I think the Mr. NEUBERGER. Mr. President, will on Interior and Insular Affairs, that it statesmanship demonstrated by both the Senator yield? is a privilege for m.e to serve as a member Mr. MURRAY. I yield to the Sen of the Committee on Interior and In Senators from Montana in their success ator from Oregon. sular Affairs under the chairmanship of ful advocacy of the Hungry Horse Dam Mr. NEUBERGER. Is it not a fact the Senator from Montana [Mr. MuR and in their work for that project, when the senior Senator from Montana was that the two distinguished Senators from RAY]. I go to him with problems from in the Senate and the present junior the State of Montana [Mr. MURRAY and the State of Oregon, and the Senator Mr. MANSFIELD], the Senators from the from Idaho goes to him with problems Senator from Montana was in the House State of Washington [Mr. MAGNUSON and from the State of Idaho, just as the of Representatives, symbolizes the fact that all the West can be benefited by a Mr. JACKSON], the Senators from the Senator's junior colleague goes to him project which may be located in a single State of Oregon lMr. MORSE and Mr. with problems from the State of Idaho, State. The Hungry Horse Dam, which NEUBERGER], and now the junior Senator and other Senators go to him with prob happens to be a project within the from the State of Idaho lMr. CHURCH], lems affecting the States of Washington, borders of Montana, has strengthened in their approach to river basin develop California, Wyoming, Colorado, or what the entire Pacific Northwest. It has ment, have not looked to see how many ever the States may be. I have never helped to firm up the flow of the great particular acres in their State or some seen the Senator from Montana lMr. Columbia River. It has taken the crest body else's State were within the con MuRRAY] in his consideration of those off some potential floods. It has in fines of some certain river valley? In problems distinguish as to whether or not creased downstream power production stead, the Senators whom I have enu they affected or benefited his State. He in the States of Washington and Oregon . merated have felt that all the great has taken the same attitude, without dis This great project would have have been river basins of the West and of the Na crimination and with complete fairness, built had it not been for the active and tion should be wisely developed and pru pertaining to the entire West. I think successful promotion of it by the present dently conserved. this is one reason that all of us, regard senior Senator from Montana in the For example, the 2 Senators from less of political partisanship, regard the Senate, and the present junior Senator Montana, the 2 Senators from Washing Senator from Montana as a great chair from Montana when he was a Member ton, the 2 Senators from Oregon, and man of the Senate Committee on In of the House of Representatives. the junior Senator from Idaho come terior and Insular Affairs. from States which are either completely Mr. MURRAY. I wish to thank the It seems to me that the Hungry Horse outside the Colorado River Basin, or only able Senator from Oregon for his very Dam, which stands as an upstream de inside of it fragmentarily, yet they all generous remarks. I do not feel that velopment in the Columbia Basin, is an have supported wholeheartedly, either as I am entitled to such commendation, but example of what could be accomplished Members of the Genate or as citizens, if I have always tried to cooperate with if the still larger and greater Hells they were not in the Senate, the full the Senators from all sections of the Canyon project were constructed, not development, at a very high cost and very country in the consideration of their only with benefits to that part of Oregon great expense, of the Colorado River problems and programs. I am sure that and Idaho where the project would be Basin. all know my heart is in the right place, located, but with benefits all the way They have not taken the position of and I always wish to cooperate in efforts downstream-the benefit of jobs made the senior Senator from Utah lMr. to solve these problems in the interest possible by low-cost power; the benefit of WATKINs], for example, that he favors of the welfare of the people. increased economic activity, increased nearly $1 billion worth of development Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, will payrolls, and increased tax base, and in in his own basin, but is leading the fight the Senator yield? creased consumption of locally grown against any new Federal authorizations Mr. MURRAY. I yield. farm products all over the Pacific North west. or starts in the Columbia River Basin. Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I No. They have taken the broad gage wish to join my distinguished colleague Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, will view, as distinguished and character from Oregon in commending the senior my senior colleague yield to me? ized by the position of the senior Sen Senator from Montana, the chairman Mr. MURRAY. I yield. ator from Montana. of the Committee on Interior and In Mr. MANSFIELD. I am delighted To my knowledge, in the slightly less sular Affairs. I agree with every word that the Senator from Oregon has 1 than 2 '2 years I have been a Member of said by the Senator from Oregon, be brought up the question of Hungry Horse the Senate, and in the considerably cause I know from firsthand expe1ience Dam. I think we know that the leader longer period of time in which I have over a good many years how much the in the fight during the years we were observed these developments as a writer interests of the people have always been fighting for it was the distinguished and journalist in the Pacific Northwest, in the heart of my distinguished col- senior Senator from Montana. 428378--62655
Mike Mansfield Papers: Series 21, Box 38 , Folder 66, Mansfield Library, University of Montana. 8 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD I think it should be broul'ht out that Mr. DWORSHAK. A few years ago, Let me conclude by adding one further when we advocate multipurpose projects. when the late Senator Hurh Butler of observation in connection with the very we are not advocating giveaways. For Nebraska served as chairman of that able address of the senior Senator from mustration, Hungry Horse Dam has committee, I am sure that he had the Montana. I am pleased that he has broadened the tax base. It has fur cooperaUon of the Democratic members emphasized the full development of our nished 700 jobs in the Flathead Valley, of that group in trying to promote some great rivers, like the Snake River and where chronic unemployment used to be of the prog-rams and solve some of the the Columbia River. Today, as we stand the norm every winter. It has brought problems affecting the West. on the floor of the Senate, our potential security, new hope, and new industry. Mr. MURRAY. He certainly did. foes in the Soviet Union are building Furthermore, every dime the Federal Mr. DWORSHAK. The junior Sena some of the largest river development Government has put into Hungry Horse tor from Oregon has just stated that we projects ever undertaken. These proj Dam and all the other multipurpose proj should approach resource development ects involve the Yenesei, the Ob, the ects is repayable with interest. not on a rerrional or State basis, but Lena, and the Volga Rivers. It is my in In addition. I would be willing to wager rather, on an overall basin basis. Here formation that there is a greater quan that every multipurpose project built in ferTed to the support which was forth tity of potential hydroelectric power the Columbia River Basin will be repaid coming at the time the Hw1gry Horse within the borders of the Soviet Union fully long before the period originally project was authorized, and during the than \\'ithin the borders of the United agreed upon. years when appropriations were made States. Mr. NEUBERGER. They are ahead of available to complete that fine water re Today we are far ahead of the Soviet schedule, so far as payments are con source development. Union in production of energy, but they cerned. At this point the Senator from Idaho are going forward with projects which I Mr. MANSFIELD. These are devel would like to emphasize the desirability understand, in some instances, will be opments in the interest of the people of of continuing that spirit of cooperation. even bigger than Grand Coulee, which America. I think we should begin look The Senator from Oregon refers to the now stands as the largest hydroelectric ing after our O\\'n people for a change, Hungry Horse project as having been of undertaking ever built in any country. and give them some consideration. We unusual value and importance to the How can we, in our country, sacrifice our should develop our resources and give people of Montana. I am sure that if rivers, which are a God-given r esource, our people some security. We should the Senator from Oregon were to be to anything less than full development, if give our youngsters an opportunity to consistent he would agree to support the our potential enemies in Russia are using develop and grow in one of the most im Bruces Eddy project on the north fork still mightier rivers, such as the Yenesei, portant parts of this great Nation. of the Clearwater River, which is also the Ob, the Lena, and the Volga to the Mr. MURRAY. I thank my colleague a very vital project, and important to utmost of their capacity in kilowatts? f or his kind remarks and for the elo the State of Idaho. It certainly fits into It seems to me that it is folly, from quent illustrations he has given of the the same category as does the Hungry the standpoint of national defense, for benefits of these programs. Horse project. I am sure that the junior us not to obtain every single kilowatt Mr. DWORSHAK. Mr. President, Senator from Oregon, if he applies the lurking in rivers like the Columbia and will the Senator yield? formula which he has just outlined, will its tributaries, when this power can be Mr. MURRAY. I yield. find himself in complete accord with tapped without imperiling wildlife, Mr. DWORSHAK. The Senator from the efforts to have the Bruces Eddy proj ect authorized. Mr. MURRAY. I thank the Senator I daho has had the pleasure of serving from Oregon [Mr. NEUBERGER] for his for more than 6 years as a member of Mr. NEUBERGER. Mr. President, very clear explanation of the situation. the Senate Committee on Interior and will the Senator yield? I am sure that the people of this country Insular Affairs, during a part of which Mr. MURRAY. I yield. are aware of the importance of this prob time the distinguished senior Senator Mr. NEUBERGER. I should like to lem of developing our American resources from Montana has served as chairman. comment on the statement of the Sena to their highest potential. The remarks of the senior Senator from tor from Idaho, inasmuch as he has dis I thank the Senator from Idaho [Mr. Idaho a few minutes ago in no way re cussed my statement. flect any criticism of the chairman of DwoRsHAKJ for his remarks. I assw·e the committee, because everyone recog I will say to the distinguished senior him that Montana and the Senate and nizes his fairness, and his judicial ap Senator from Idaho, because he has the Congress want to see Idaho prosper. proach to all the problems affecting the brought up the question of the Bruces That is why the two Senators from Mon States of the West. Eddy project, that Bruces Eddy is quite tana and ~ts Representatives are fighting Mr. MURRAY. I thank the Senator different from the Hells Canyon project. for Hells Canyon. We think it will be for his observations. I assure him that The Hells Canyon project is infinitely a great benefit to Idaho. I have always tried to cooperate with greater in scope, far greater in the flood The Senator from Utah [Mr. WATKINS] the Republican Members of the com control storage which would be provided, also expresses a belief that the reserva mittee, and to give them a full and fair and infinitely more productive in the tion of power to Idaho is subordinate to opportunity to present their views in amount of hydroelectricity which would the general preference clause of the every case that has ever come before our be generated, than is the Bruces Eddy Bonneville Project Act, so that Idaho committee. project. could lose all its rights to this power Mr. DWORSHAK. The Senator from In addition, the Hells Canyon project reserved. Counsel advises me to the con Idaho is in accord with that expression would not have an adverse effect on fish trary. The statutory reservation to of sentiment, and can frankly say that, eries, wildlife, or wilderness areas that Idaho comes first. Within Idaho, public so far as the deliberations of the Com encompass and safeguard scenic grand and cooperative distribution systems will mittee on Interior and Insular Affairs eur. Virtually every outdoor and wild have first call on the 500,000 kilowatts are concerned, partisanship has usually life organization in the United States of power. But preference outside Idaho been avoided as the basis for legislative has gone on record as opposed the cannot defeat the express reservation of action. Bruces Eddy project and supported the the 500,000 kilowatts for use in Idaho and Mr. MURRAY. I agree with the Sen Hells Canyon project. other small parts of the Snake River ator. I think the Republicans on that I myself do not understand the posi Basin lying outside Idaho. committee have cooperated with me. I tion of the distincruished senior Senator BOW WILL IDAHO'S INTERESTS BE DEST SERVED? have great respect for them. I recog from Idaho. In his own State he has nize the contributions they have made to consistently advocated the Bruces Eddy Another effort to stir dissension be the success of the deliberations of the project, and yet has opposed the far tween Idaho and Montana is the charge committee. more productive. far more valuable Hells that Idaho suffered great injury when Mr. DWORSHAK. Mr. President, Canyon project. I may be entirely mis the Victor Chemical Works built its new will the Senator further yield? taken in my understanding of his posi plant in Butte, Mont., instead of in Mr. MURRAY. I yield. tion, but I do not comprehend it. Idaho. 428378-62655
Mike Mansfield Papers: Series 21, Box 38 , Folder 66, Mansfield Library, University of Montana. co ... TGRESSIO ... TAL RECORD
Idaho lost this plant b!"cause it did vealed and considered. I am surpl"l. ed THE TKU& C'06T OF' H~.N"Cll\" H AS!: \\"T~ not not have the necessary low-cost that my learned colleague from Utah The Senator from Ut~h Quoted a Jetter power to offer Victor. Montana did. If did not put all these facts in h1s state from someone m the Intenor Dep rt my colleague from Utah would really ment, because I have always respected ment to the effect that the J.)O\\er from like to help the people of Idaho, the him as a \·ery fair man. Hunnry Hor~e D Mike Mansfield Papers: Series 21, Box 38 , Folder 66, Mansfield Library, University of Montana. 10 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ernment. This dam, situated In the upper ers' average use is 13 hours a day-not from direct performance by Government reaches of the rl ver, is, according to the re 24 hours. of one of its utility r esponsibilities in port of the engineers, capable or becoming This means that for every 100 kilo stead of turning the job over to affiliates part of this general Federal improvement of watts of firm, 24-hour power Bonneville of the Electric Bond & Share Co., head navigation. To introduce a diversity of title can generate, it can contract to deliver quartered in Wall Street, who exploit the into a series or dams which may all become eventually a part of a single improvement !33 kilowatts to different customers. West through high power r ates which directed at the same end would, In my When the load goes off in one area, or cover up padded operating expenses in opinion, be highly objectionable. one plant, it shifts its power to another cluding unnecessary management fees, area or customer who needs it. This is propaganda and lobbying charges. These are principles which have been the tremendous advantage of having a Examination of the statement which honored and acted upon for the last half large, regionwide power-grid system. the distinguished Senator from Utah century, and we betray future genera It is neither dishonest nor tricky. It placed in the RECORD could continue in tions when we fail to abide by them. occurs in every major power network in this same way indefinitely. I am sur It is extremely difficult for me to un the country. It explains why a $17.50 prised and feel very sad that my asso derstand why some of our modern Re rate per kilowatt-year for power is ample ciate and colleague has apparently been publicans are unable to grasp facts in the B:mneville situation. Because 4 victimized with so much misinformation. which Republicans in 1908 and 1912 kilowatts can be sold on an annual basis I am saddened that the distinguished grasped and expounded with ease. for every 3 of firm capacity, a 2.1-mill Senator from Utah has taken an atti It is even more difficult for me to un rate is adequate. tude toward the Northwest which he derstand why the Senator from Utah was The Senator from Utah, I fear, has criticized in opponents of the upper Colo u nable to grasp the fallacy of separating been victimized by someone who did not rado 2 years ago. When a California projects in his statement about the know the facts about power operations witness was criticizing that project, the Northwest projects when, during the and ratemaking, or for some other rea Senator from Utah told the witness: upper Colorado hearings in 1955, he son gave him only part of the facts. When we are In the game, when our turn knew that it is the overall picture which Otherwi!:e, I am sure that he would not to go to bat comes up, you want to call the is important. have made the misleading statement game, you want to stop us now. At page 439 of the Senate hearings on that he did. Today it is the Senator from Utah t he u pper Colorado, held in 1955, I find A MAGIC ECONOMIC DEVICE the Senator from Utah told a witness, who wants to call the game. He has Mr. President, if one were to accept had his time at bat, so the Senator from criticizing pooling of income: as completely accurate the picture of the It is sound economics if the overall income Utah wants to stop the development of ls sufficient to do the job. Columbia River Basin power system the Pacific Northwest. which the Senator from Utah has The Senate of the United States is Has the Senator let this fact slip from painted, then we have found an almost going to be deluged with growing quan his mind in the 2 years since those hear magic economic device. tities of misinformation about the Co ings were held? There can be no other Consider the picture with which his lumbia Basin power system in the next explanation. statement leaves us. Here is a great few weeks. NO SUBSIDY INVOLVED provider of energy which does these A vote on the Hells Canyon Dam bill There is no sound basis for any charge things: First, it provides its customers i s approaching. of subsidy in the Pacific Northwest power with power at the lowest rates in the Some of us are battling to see that the rates. Benefits they do bring-tremen world. Second, it pays its operating and Government does not throw away a dous benefits both to the people and maintenance expense. Third, it repays half-million kilowatts of hydroelectric the industries involved. Hungry Horse its original cost over 50 years with in power capacity at Hells Canyon, by let Dam is a great project in a great sys terest and then remains the property of ting the Idaho Power Co. clutter the site tem which is paying for itself while the people of the United States-a tre with little, inadequate dams. bringing tremendous benefits to the mendous windfall at no net expense. Mr. MORSE. Mr. President, will the Northwest and to the whole Nation. During the upper Colorado hearings, at Senator yield? Why should we try to besmirch such a page 176 of the hearing record, Senator Mr. MURRAY. I yield. proud picture with vague charges of WATKINS recognized how these projects Mr. MORSE. I again express my ap subsidy which cannot withstand the true pay out and expressed the opinion, which preciation to the Senator from Mon facts? I quote: tana, as I did earlier this afternoon, for At one point in this statement, the The people who have paid for them should the excellent analysis he is presenting in Senator from Utah indicated that Bon own them. the field of the power problems in the neville Power Administration, overall, is The Columbia Basin is not asking Pacific Northwest. There are two ques charging less than cost for its power. transfer of title to these great projects. tions I wish to raise, as to which I shall This is what the statement said: After they pay for themselves they be be glad to have his observations. The BPA could come up with an estimated long to the Nation. The Senator has just finished pointing cost per kilowatt-hour of only 2.5 mllls for the ent!re system. However, In spit e of Fourth, at the same time-and this is out that the proposed Hells Canyon Dam these cost estimates, the Bonnevllle system according to the text of the Senator from raises the question whether or not the sells the bulk of Its power for $17.50 a. Utah-it provides hundreds of millions full power resources of the Snake River kilowatt-year, which averages out roughly of dollars in subsidies for industries. at Hells Canyon will be developed, or 2.1 mills per kilowatt-hour. According to the Senator, Hungry Horse whether we are to go along with the That statement would have been tech Dam, which will repay all its costs, will underdevelopment of the power re nically correct if the Senator had added provide $100 mililon subsidy for an alu sources by the Idaho Power Co. through on the end of the phrase "at 100 percent minum industry that gets half of its its low-head dam. I think that question load factor." Unfortunately, he did not, output. The Dalles Dam, besides repay needs to be pointed up, because the Sen so it is not even technically an accurate ing all its $270 million costs, will provide ator from Utah [Mr. WATKINS], in Salt representation of the facts. But even $300 million subsidies for industrial cus Lake City, last Saturday, created the im if the statement had been technically tomers. pression that the Idaho Power Co. pro complete, it would have left a misleading As we all know, these new industries gram would produce as much power as impression in the public mind that Bon create jobs. This increases purchasing would the Hells Canyon Dam project. neville does not even get cost for its power, and stimulates more new busi Does not the Senator from Montana power. ness, more tax payments, and a healthier agree with me that it is unanswerably The fact is that few customers of Bon economy. clear from the official reports of the ex neville Power Administration, or any This is a very accurate picture, as a aminer of the Federal Power Commis other, take their power 24 hours a day, matter of fact, with a single exception. sion himself that the Hells Canyon Dam 365 days a year, which is 100 percent The benefits which power consumers re program, taking into account the bene lead factor. At Bonneville, the average ceive-including the indutries-are not fits of downstream dams, would pro load factor is 75 percent. The custom- subsidies. They are savings resulting duce approximately 50 percent more 4!:8378- 62655 Mike Mansfield Papers: Series 21, Box 38 , Folder 66, Mansfield Library, University of Montana. CO. "GTIE SIO .. "AL UECOUD 11 po?.er than would the Idaho Power Co.'s from Utah and ln the propaganda or the Ulna very much for pcnmU!ng me t program? private utilities. namely, that the Hells make the numerous mterruption I ha\1! Mr. MURRAY. The Senator from Canyon Dam will m some way, somE'how, made 111 the com·. e of his PH'Ch. Oregon is ab olu!Riy correct; I do not injure the farmers of the State of Idaho, lr. l\IURRA Y. Mr. Pnsldt·nt, I ha \ think the1·e can be any quest10n about it. m that it wlll take away their water been glad to yJC!d, because I thmk tlw Mr. MORSE. I think that pomt n('eds nghts. The Senator from Montana has Senator from Ore on has contnbuted to be .stressed. I have discovered that been the chairman of the committee and to the understanding of the !lL' U . S COVEII N~ J,j f rq ,.. .. ,N<; OHIC( I tiT Mike Mansfield Papers: Series 21, Box 38 , Folder 66, Mansfield Library, University of Montana. Mike Mansfield Papers: Series 21, Box 38 , Folder 66, Mansfield Library, University of Montana.