ENERGY WORKING FOR BRITAIN Horizon Internal DCRM Number: WN0902-JAC-PAC-CHT-00001
Wylfa Newydd Project A - Introductionto the project ES6.1.1 Volume to the EIA A1 approach - Introductionand June 2018 Revision 1.0 Regulation Number: 5(2)(a) Planning Act 2008 Infrastructure (Applications: Prescribed Planning 2009 Forms Regulations Procedure) and PINS Reference Number: EN010007 Application Reference Number: 6.1.1 [This page is intentionally blank]
Contents 1 Introduction ...... 1 1.1 Introduction ...... 1 1.2 Background ...... 1 The need for low carbon energy ...... 1 The role of Horizon ...... 2 Consents required ...... 2 Connection to the National Grid ...... 3 1.3 The Wylfa Newydd Project ...... 3 Wylfa Newydd DCO Project ...... 3 Enabling Works ...... 5 Licensable Marine Activities ...... 6 1.4 Purpose and content of this Environmental Statement ...... 6 1.5 Additional assessments to support the application for development consent 12 Welsh Language Impact Assessment ...... 12 Health Impact Assessment ...... 13 Habitats Regulations Assessment ...... 13 Equality Impact Assessment ...... 13 1.6 References ...... 14
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Wylfa Newydd Power Station Chapter A1 Introduction Development Consent Order
1 Introduction 1.1 Introduction 1.1.1 This document is an Environmental Statement, which reports the findings of an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA). This Environmental Statement supports the following applications for the new nuclear power station, known as Wylfa Newydd: • the application for development consent for the Wylfa Newydd Development Consent Order (DCO) Project (as described in paragraph 1.3.1); and • the application for a Marine Licence for the Licensable Marine Activities (as described in paragraph 1.3.9). 1.1.2 In this Environmental Statement, the term Wylfa Newydd Project is used to refer to all the works and activities comprised in the Wylfa Newydd DCO Project (to be consented by the DCO) and the Licensable Marine Activities (to be consented by the Marine Licence). It does not for the purposes of this Environmental Statement include the A5025 On-line Highway Improvements (as described in paragraphs 1.2.5 to 1.2.7). 1.1.3 The Licensable Marine Activities comprise the Marine Works and the Deep Disposal. The Marine Works are also part of the Wylfa Newydd DCO Project but the Deep Disposal is not. Where the Environmental Statement also includes an assessment of the Deep Disposal (for the purposes of the Marine Licence) this is specifically noted in the relevant assessment chapters including D11 (cultural heritage) (Application Reference Number: 6.4.11), D12 (coastal processes and coastal geomorphology) (Application Reference Number: 6.4.12), D13 (the marine environment) (Application Reference Number: 6.4.13) and D15 (shipping and navigation) (Application Reference Number: 6.4.15). In addition, the Marine Signposting Report [RD1] accompanying the Marine Licence application identifies sections of this Environmental Statement which are relevant to the Marine Licence. 1.2 Background The need for low carbon energy 1.2.1 The UK Government is committed to meeting its legally binding target under the Climate Change Act 2008 to cut greenhouse gas emissions by at least 80% by 2050, compared to 1990 levels. As a low carbon source of energy, nuclear power has an important role to play in the diversification and decarbonisation of electricity demand. Nuclear power can help address the challenge of maintaining secure energy supplies for the UK, whilst also tackling the global threat of climate change and meeting greenhouse gas emissions reduction targets.
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The role of Horizon 1.2.2 Horizon Nuclear Power Wylfa Limited (Horizon) is a UK energy company developing a new generation of nuclear power stations to help meet the UK’s need for stable and sustainable low carbon energy. Horizon’s ultimate parent company is Hitachi Ltd., a Japanese corporation and the parent company of the multi-national Hitachi group of companies. Horizon is part of the Horizon Nuclear Power Limited group of companies and has premises in Gloucestershire and a site office on Anglesey. 1.2.3 Building on its core values of safety, courage, integrity, collaboration and inspiration, Horizon’s vision is as follows: “We believe there is a compelling requirement for new nuclear power in the UK to help tackle the vital and complex challenge of delivering a sustainable energy future. As part of this vision Horizon will deliver secure affordable, low carbon energy for present and future generations” [RD2]. 1.2.4 Land adjacent to the Existing Power Station at Wylfa Head, west of Cemaes on the north coast of Anglesey, is identified by the UK Government in the Overarching National Policy Statement for Energy (EN-1) (NPS EN-1) [RD2] and National Policy Statement for Nuclear Power Generation (EN-6) (NPS EN-6) [RD3] as potentially suitable for the construction of a new nuclear power station. Horizon proposes to construct and operate a new nuclear power station, known as Wylfa Newydd, on this land and adjacent land, referred to as the Wylfa Newydd Development Area (WNDA). The Power Station would have a nominal gross electrical capacity of 3GWe (3,000MWe), enough power for around five and half million homes.
Consents required 1.2.5 Under section 15 of the Planning Act, generating stations that are located in Wales and have a capacity of more than 50MW are classified as Nationally Significant Infrastructure Projects (NSIPs), and require an application for development consent to be made under that Act. The developer must apply for a DCO, which may be granted by the relevant Secretary of State. 1.2.6 The DCO process requires an EIA of the NSIP, the findings of which must be reported in an Environmental Statement. Chapter A5 (overarching environmental legislation, policy and guidance) of this Environmental Statement (Application Reference Number: 6.1.5) provides more information on the legislative requirements of relevance to this EIA. The scope of the EIA reported in this Environmental Statement has been informed by a Scoping Opinion provided by the Planning Inspectorate. The Infrastructure Planning (Environmental Impact Assessment) Regulations 2017 (the ‘EIA Infrastructure Regulations 2017’), came into force on the 16th May of 2017. However, the Infrastructure Planning (Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Regulations 2009 (the ‘EIA Infrastructure Regulations 2009’) continue to apply to any application for development consent where the Secretary of State has been requested to adopt a Scoping Opinion (as defined in the 2009 Regulations) prior to this date. The Scoping Opinion was requested prior to the 16th of May 2017 and the Wylfa Newydd Project is therefore subject to the EIA
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Infrastructure Regulations 2009. Nevertheless, the EIA has been undertaken taking into account the additional provisions of the EIA Infrastructure Regulations 2017. Further information on the scoping process followed for the Project is presented in chapter A6 (EIA Scoping Report and Addendum) (Application Reference Number: 6.1.6). 1.2.7 Horizon will also require a Marine Licence. This Environmental Statement contains the EIA information required under The Marine Works (Environmental Impact Assessment) Regulations 2007 for the Marine Licence. The effects on the marine environment are reported in chapter D13 (Application Reference Number: 6.4.13) and in the cumulative effects assessments in volume I (cumulative effects) (Application Reference Numbers: 6.9.1 to 6.9.5). 1.2.8 The Project will also require environmental permits and regulatory licences, including a Nuclear Site Licence. Environmental information required for these licences and permits is also included in this Environmental Statement.
Connection to the National Grid 1.2.9 The Wylfa Newydd Project requires development of complex infrastructure to connect the Power Station to the National Grid electricity transmission network. While the Wylfa Newydd Project includes works to deliver the electrical connection to the on-site National Grid sub-station, the connection from the sub-station to the National Grid electricity transmission network would be separately undertaken by National Grid, and is known as the North Wales Connection. National Grid will submit a separate application for development consent for the North Wales Connection in due course. The North Wales Connection is outside the scope of the Wylfa Newydd Project but is assessed as part of the cumulative effects assessment in volume I of this Environmental Statement (Application Reference Numbers: 6.9.1 to 6.9.5). 1.3 The Wylfa Newydd Project 1.3.1 Horizon is proposing to construct and operate the Wylfa Newydd Project, which comprises the Wylfa Newydd DCO Project, the Licensable Marine Activities and the Enabling Works. Each of these elements is described further below. As noted above the Licensable Marine Activities will be consented under a Marine Licence and the Wylfa Newydd DCO Project under a DCO, however there is some overlap between the two; the Marine Works (see below) will be consented under both.
Wylfa Newydd DCO Project 1.3.2 The Wylfa Newydd DCO Project comprises those parts of the Wylfa Newydd Project which are to be consented by a DCO, namely: • Power Station: the proposed new nuclear power station, including two UK Advanced Boiling Water Reactors (UK ABWRs) to be supplied by Hitachi- GE Nuclear Energy Ltd., supporting facilities, buildings, plant and structures, and radioactive waste, spent fuel storage buildings and the Grid Connection;
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• Other on-site development: including landscape works and planting, drainage, surface water management systems, public access works including temporary and permanent closures and diversions of public rights of way, new Power Station Access Road and internal site roads, car parking, construction compounds and temporary parking areas, laydown areas, working areas and temporary works and structures, temporary construction viewing area, diversion of utilities, perimeter and construction fencing, and electricity connections; • Marine Works comprising: - Permanent Marine Works: the Cooling Water System, Marine Off- Loading Facility, breakwater structures, shore protection works, surface water drainage outfalls, waste water effluent outfall (and associated drainage of surface water and waste water effluent to the sea), fish recovery and return system, fish deterrent system, navigation aids and Dredging; - Temporary Marine Works: temporary cofferdams, a temporary access ramp, navigation aids, temporary outfalls and a temporary barge berth; • Off-Site Power Station Facilities: comprising the Alternative Emergency Control Centre, Environmental Survey Laboratory and a Mobile Emergency Equipment Garage; • Associated Development: the Site Campus within the Wylfa Newydd Development Area; temporary Park and Ride facility at Dalar Hir for construction workers (Park and Ride); temporary Logistics Centre at Parc Cybi (Logistics Centre); A5025 Off-line Highway Improvements; and wetland habitat creation and enhancement works at Ty du, Cors Gwawr and Cae Canol-dydd. 1.3.3 An overview of the Wylfa Newydd DCO Project and a brief description of the various project development components are presented in chapter A2 (project overview and introduction to the developments) (Application Reference Number: 6.1.2). Figure A1-1 (Application Reference Number: 6.1.10) shows the locations on Anglesey of the various project components that make up the Wylfa Newydd DCO Project. A full description of the Wylfa Newydd Project can be found in chapter A2 (Application Reference Number: 6.1.2) and the proposed development chapters for the WNDA Development (D1, Application Reference Number: 6.4.1), Off-Site Power Station Facilities: AECC, ESL and MEEG (E1, Application Reference Number: 6.5.1), Park and Ride (F1, Application Reference Number: 6.6.1), A5025 Off-line Highway Improvement (G1, Application Reference number: 6.7.1) and Logistics Centre (H1, Application Reference Number: 6.8.1). 1.3.4 The following terms are used in this Environmental Statement when describing the geographical areas related to the Wylfa Newydd DCO Project, and are shown on figure A1-2 (Application Reference Number: 6.1.10).
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• Power Station Site – the indicative area of land and sea within which the majority of the permanent Power Station, Marine Works and other on-site development would be situated. • Wylfa Newydd Development Area – the indicative areas of land and sea including the Power Station Site and the surrounding areas that would be used for construction and operation of the Power Station, the Marine Works, the Site Campus and other on-site development. This area is representative of the maximum area that would be physically affected by Power Station Main Construction activities and used to form the setting and features of the operational Power Station. Elements of the Wylfa Newydd DCO Project that are located within the Wylfa Newydd Development Area are termed WNDA Development. • Ecology mitigation areas comprising a Notable Wildlife Enhancement Site and a Reptile Receptor Site which are contiguous with the Wylfa Newydd Development Area boundary. The ecology mitigation areas comprise approximately 24 hectares, while the Wylfa Newydd Development Area comprises approximately 409 hectares, resulting in a total of 433 hectares within the Order Limits at this location. • Wylfa NPS Site – the Power Station would be located on a site identified by the government through NPS EN-6, referred to as the Wylfa NPS Site (see chapter A2 (Application Reference Number: 6.1.2) for further details). The Wylfa NPS Site is slightly smaller than the Wylfa Newydd Development Area. • Off-site – the areas of land needed for the Wylfa Newydd Project that fall outside of the Wylfa Newydd Development Area. Components that would be off-site include most of the Associated Development and the Off-Site Power Station Facilities and the Ecological Compensation Sites. It should be noted that although the ecology mitigation areas are also outside the Wylfa Newydd Development Area, for the purposes of assessment they have been considered with the Wylfa Newydd Development Area as they comprise adjacent areas.
Enabling Works 1.3.5 The Enabling Works comprise the Site Preparation and Clearance Proposals (SPC Proposals) and the A5025 On-line Highway Improvements. 1.3.6 Horizon has submitted applications for planning permission for the Enabling Works under the Town and Country Planning Act 1990 to the Isle of Anglesey County Council. The application for the SPC Proposals includes an Environmental Statement that reports the findings of the EIA of the SPC Proposals. In order to maintain flexibility in the consenting process for the Wylfa Newydd DCO Project, the SPC Proposals have also been included in the application for development consent. The environmental effects of the SPC Proposals have been included within the assessment of the construction phase in this Environmental Statement.
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1.3.7 The A5025 On-line Highway Improvements are not part of the application for development consent, and are therefore excluded from the scope of the EIA reported in this Environmental Statement. The cumulative effects assessment reported in volume I (Application Reference Numbers: 6.9.1 to 6.9.5) does, however, consider the A5025 On-line Highway Improvements.
Licensable Marine Activities 1.3.8 The Licensable Marine Activities comprise the Permanent Marine Works, the Temporary Marine Works, the Deep Disposal and the drainage of surface water into the sea. During the Construction phase, this includes the construction of a waste water treatment effluent outfall, and the drainage of treated sewage into the sea. 1.4 Purpose and content of this Environmental Statement 1.4.1 This Environmental Statement, provides a description of the likely significant effects on the environment arising from the Wylfa Newydd Project. It explains the processes followed, the assessment methods used and the mitigation measures proposed to prevent, reduce and offset any significant adverse effects. 1.4.2 The structure of this Environmental Statement, is presented in table A1-1. An overview of the environmental topics assessed and the issues scoped out of the assessment is provided in chapter A6 (Application Reference Number: 6.1.6). Table A1-1 Structure of the Environmental Statement Application Volume Chapter Description Reference Number A A1 Introduction 6.1.1 A2 Project overview and introduction to the 6.1.2 development A3 Environmental context 6.1.3 A4 Strategic alternatives 6.1.4 A5 Overarching environmental legislation, policy 6.1.5 and guidance A6 Environmental Impact Assessment scoping 6.1.6 A7 Consultation with environmental stakeholders 6.1.7 B B1 Introduction to the assessment process 6.2.1 B2 Introduction to the environmental assessments 6.2.2 – socio-economics
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Application Volume Chapter Description Reference Number B3 Introduction to the environmental assessments 6.2.3 – traffic and transport B4 Introduction to the environmental assessments 6.2.4 – public access and recreation B5 Introduction to the environmental assessments 6.2.5 – air quality B6 Introduction to the environmental assessments 6.2.6 – noise and vibration B7 Introduction to the environmental assessments 6.2.7 – soils and geology B8 Introduction to the environmental assessments 6.2.8 – surface water and groundwater B9 Introduction to the environmental assessments 6.2.9 – terrestrial and freshwater ecology B10 Introduction to the environmental assessments 6.2.10 – landscape and visual B11 Introduction to the environmental assessments 6.2.11 – cultural heritage B12 Introduction to the environmental assessments 6.2.12 – coastal processes and coastal geomorphology B13 Introduction to the environmental assessments 6.2.13 – the marine environment B14 Introduction to the environmental assessments 6.2.14 – radiological effects B15 Introduction to the environmental assessments 6.2.15 – shipping and navigation B16 Introduction to the environmental assessments 6.2.16 – waste and materials management C C1 Project-wide socio-economic effects 6.3.1 C2 Project-wide traffic and transport effects 6.3.2 C3 Effects of project-wide traffic on public access 6.3.3 and recreation C4 Effects of project-wide traffic on air quality 6.3.4 C5 Effects of project-wide traffic on noise and 6.3.5 vibration
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Application Volume Chapter Description Reference Number C6 Project-wide waste and materials management 6.3.6 C7 Combined effects of traffic 6.3.7 D D1 WNDA Development – proposed development 6.4.1 D2 WNDA Development – alternatives and design 6.4.2 evolution D3 WNDA Development – socio-economics 6.4.3 D4 WNDA Development – public access and 6.4.4 recreation D5 WNDA Development – air quality 6.4.5 D6 WNDA Development – noise and vibration 6.4.6 D7 WNDA Development – soils and geology 6.4.7 D8 WNDA Development – surface water and 6.4.8 groundwater D9 WNDA Development – terrestrial and 6.4.9 freshwater ecology D10 WNDA Development – landscape and visual 6.4.10 D11 WNDA Development – cultural heritage 6.4.11 D12 WNDA Development – coastal processes and 6.4.12 coastal geomorphology D13 WNDA Development – the marine environment 6.4.13 D14 WNDA Development – radiological effects 6.4.14 D15 WNDA Development – shipping and navigation 6.4.15 D16 WNDA Development – combined topic effects 6.4.16 E E1 Off-Site Power Station Facilities – proposed 6.5.1 development E2 Off-Site Power Station Facilities – alternatives 6.5.2 and design evolution E3 Off-Site Power Station Facilities – socio- 6.5.3 economics E4 Off-Site Power Station Facilities – public 6.5.4 access and recreation E5 Off-Site Power Station Facilities – air quality 6.5.5
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Application Volume Chapter Description Reference Number E6 Off-Site Power Station Facilities – noise and 6.5.6 vibration E7 Off-Site Power Station Facilities – soils and 6.5.7 geology E8 Off-Site Power Station Facilities – surface 6.5.8 water and groundwater E9 Off-Site Power Station Facilities – terrestrial 6.5.9 and freshwater ecology E10 Off-Site Power Station Facilities – landscape 6.5.10 and visual E11 Off-Site Power Station Facilities – cultural 6.5.11 heritage E12 Off-Site Power Station Facilities – combined 6.5.12 topic effects F F1 Park and Ride – proposed development 6.6.1 F2 Park and Ride – alternatives and design 6.6.2 evolution F3 Park and Ride – socio-economics 6.6.3 F4 Park and Ride – public access and recreation 6.6.4 F5 Park and Ride – air quality 6.6.5 F6 Park and Ride – noise and vibration 6.6.6 F7 Park and Ride – soils and geology 6.6.7 F8 Park and Ride – surface water and 6.6.8 groundwater F9 Park and Ride – terrestrial and freshwater 6.6.9 ecology F10 Park and Ride – landscape and visual 6.6.10 F11 Park and Ride – cultural heritage 6.6.11 F12 Park and Ride – combined topic effects 6.6.12 G G1 A5025 Off-line Highway Improvements – 6.7.1 proposed development G2 A5025 Off-line Highway Improvements – 6.7.2 alternatives and design evolution G3 A5025 Off-line Highway Improvements – socio- 6.7.3 economics
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Application Volume Chapter Description Reference Number G4 A5025 Off-line Highway Improvements – public 6.7.4 access and recreation G5 A5025 Off-line Highway Improvements – air 6.7.5 quality G6 A5025 Off-line Highway Improvements – noise 6.7.6 and vibration G7 A5025 Off-line Highway Improvements – soils 6.7.7 and geology G8 A5025 Off-line Highway Improvements – 6.7.8 surface water and groundwater G9 A5025 Off-line Highway Improvements – 6.7.9 terrestrial and freshwater ecology G10 A5025 Off-line Highway Improvements – 6.7.10 landscape and visual G11 A5025 Off-line Highway Improvements – 6.7.11 cultural heritage G12 A5025 Off-line Highway Improvements – 6.7.11 combined topic effects H H1 Logistics Centre – proposed development 6.8.1 H2 Logistics Centre – alternatives and design 6.8.2 evolution H3 Logistics Centre – socio-economics 6.8.3 H4 Logistics Centre – public access and 6.8.4 recreation H5 Logistics Centre – air quality 6.8.5 H6 Logistics Centre – noise and vibration 6.8.6 H7 Logistics Centre – soils and geology 6.8.7 H8 Logistics Centre – surface water and 6.8.8 groundwater H9 Logistics Centre – terrestrial and freshwater 6.8.9 ecology H10 Logistics Centre – landscape and visual 6.8.10 H11 Logistics Centre – cultural heritage 6.8.11 H12 Logistics Centre – combined topic effects 6.8.12 I I1 Cumulative effects – introduction 6.9.1
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Application Volume Chapter Description Reference Number I2 Cumulative effects – scope 6.9.2 I3 Cumulative effects – methodology 6.9.3 I4 Cumulative effects – intra-project cumulative 6.9.4 effects I5 Cumulative effects – inter-project cumulative 6.9.5 effects J J1 Environmental commitments and summary of 6.10.1 residual effects – environmental commitments J2 Environmental commitments and summary of 6.10.2 residual effects – summary of significant residual effects 1.4.3 Volume A (introduction to the project and approach to the EIA) (i.e. this volume) (Application Reference Numbers: 6.1.1 to 6.1.7) introduces the Environmental Statement, and assessment process, provides a description of the Wylfa Newydd Project and the surrounding environmental context, identifies strategic alternatives and summarises the consultation undertaken to date with stakeholders. 1.4.4 Volume B (introduction to the environmental assessments) (Application Reference Numbers: 6.2.1 to 6.2.16) contains information common to the topic assessments presented in volumes C to H (Application Reference Numbers: 6.3.1 to 6.8.11). By separating this information out into volume B (Application Reference Numbers: 6.2.1 to 6.2.16), duplication across a number of subsequent volumes has been avoided. 1.4.5 Volume C (project-wide effects) (Application Reference Numbers: 6.3.1 to 6.3.7) presents the assessment of those environmental effects that are more appropriately considered at a project-wide level rather than for each component development in turn. These are traffic-related effects which are assessed by means of a project-wide traffic model (including the effects on traffic and transport per se, as well as the effects of changes in traffic on air quality, on noise and on public access and recreation), as well as some aspects of socio-economics and waste and materials management which consider effects at a regional spatial scale. This is not the cumulative effects assessment, which is reported in volume I, as described below. 1.4.6 The assessment of project-wide effects is reported in volume C (Application Reference Numbers: 6.3.1 to 6.3.7) and the effects of the individual component developments are reported in in volumes D to H (Application Reference Numbers: 6.4.1 to 6.8.11). 1.4.7 Because the wetland habitat creation and enhancement works at Ty du, Cors Gwawr and Cae Canol-dydd are designed to offset potential adverse ecological effects on the Tre’r Gof SSSI, which is located within the Wylfa Newydd Development Area, the effects of those developments are reported
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within volume D, in appendix D1-2 (Ecological Compensation Sites: assessment of ecological effects) (Application Reference Number: 6.4.18). 1.4.8 Volume I (Application Reference Numbers: 6.9.1 to 6.9.5) presents the assessment of cumulative effects. Intra-project effects are reported where receptors would be affected by more than one of the component developments within the Wylfa Newydd Project. Inter-project effects are reported where receptors would be affected by both the Wylfa Newydd Project and at least one external project. 1.4.9 Volume J (environmental commitments and summary of residual effects) (Application Reference Numbers: 6.10.1 and 6.10.2) summarises the environmental commitments, with a combined list of the various mitigation measures proposed in each chapter. Volume J (Application Reference Numbers: 6.10.1 and 6.10.2) also includes a table setting out the predicted significant residual effects of the Wylfa Newydd Project. 1.4.10 The Environmental Statement is just one of the application documents. For further information on other application documents refer to the Guide to the Application (Application Reference Number: 1.3). 1.5 Additional assessments to support the application for development consent 1.5.1 As well as the EIA, there are other parallel assessments that support the application for development consent. These are reported separately but cross-referred to throughout this Environmental Statement where appropriate. These assessments include but are not limited to: • Welsh Language Impact Assessment (Application Reference Number: 8.21); • Health Impact Assessment (Application Reference Number: 8.19); • Shadow Habitats Regulations Assessment (Application Reference Number: 5.2); and • Equality Impact Assessment (Application Reference Number: 8.22).
Welsh Language Impact Assessment 1.5.2 Horizon’s Welsh Language Impact Assessment (WLIA) (Application Reference Number: 8.21) is a systematic, criteria-based assessment of the likely effects of the Wylfa Newydd Project on the Welsh language and communities within the study area. The WLIA includes consideration of the various pieces of legislation, policy and guidance that have the importance of the Welsh language at their core. It has been a commitment throughout the development of the Wylfa Newydd Project to have the Welsh language as a ‘golden thread’ that runs throughout the application and subsequently into the construction, operational and decommissioning phases of the Wylfa Newydd Project. The WLIA is a standalone report accompanying the application for development consent.
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1.5.3 Horizon acknowledges that the Welsh language and culture is linked to the social and cultural fabric of communities across Anglesey where the majority of the population are Welsh speaking.
Health Impact Assessment 1.5.4 A Health Impact Assessment (HIA) (Application Reference Number: 8.19) considers the potential health effects associated with policies, plans or projects. While HIA is not a statutory requirement, Horizon has adopted the recommendation made by the Planning Inspectorate in the 2010 Scoping Opinion of the Wylfa Newydd Project and has carried out an HIA. Horizon is also taking into account the EIA Infrastructure Regulations 2017 which, although not applicable to the Wylfa Newydd Project, make provision for the assessment of effects on human health. In carrying out an HIA, Horizon has identified potentially beneficial and adverse significant health and well-being effects of the development of the Wylfa Newydd Project; opportunities for improving health and well-being and reducing health inequalities; and mitigation opportunities. HIA follows a similar process to EIA with a structure of screening, scoping, assessment and reporting before monitoring and evaluation. In practice, once the scope has been defined, HIA takes some findings from EIA topics such as air quality, noise and vibration, socio- economics, and analyses the effects on health and well-being. The HIA is a standalone report accompanying the application for development consent.
Habitats Regulations Assessment 1.5.5 A Habitats Regulations Assessment (HRA) must be carried out by the competent authorities determining the applications for development consent and the Marine Licence. The Conservation of Habitats and Species Regulations 2017 require all plans or projects to be screened (stage 1 of HRA) to determine if there is likely to be a significant effect on European Designated Sites before permission can be granted. If it cannot be concluded that no likely significant effects would occur, an Appropriate Assessment (stage 2 of HRA) must be carried out by the competent authority to determine whether adverse effects on the integrity of any European Designated Sites would occur. Only after the absence of such effects has been demonstrated (or, exceptionally, if there are imperative reasons of over-riding public interest) can consent be granted. A shadow HRA (Application Reference Number: 5.2) is issued as a standalone report accompanying the applications for development consent and the Marine Licence. This report provides information that the competent authorities will use to carry out the Appropriate Assessment.
Equality Impact Assessment 1.5.6 Equality Impact Assessment (EqIA) is a systematic process that identifies the likely effects that a project or proposal would have on the different groups of people defined as having Protected Characteristics in the Equality Act 2010. The EqIA has been undertaken voluntarily by Horizon and forms a standalone report (Application Reference Number: 8.22) accompanying the application for development consent.
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1.6 References Table A1-2 Schedule of references ID Reference RD1 Horizon Nuclear Power Ltd. 2018. Marine Licence Applications: Signposting Report for the Environmental Statement. ML-ESX-01- SPR. RD2 Horizon. 2016. Wylfa Newydd Generating Station Pre-Application Consultation Stage Two - Main Consultation Document. RD3 Department of Energy and Climate Change. 2011a. Overarching National Policy Statement for Energy (EN-1). London: The Stationery Office. RD4 Department of Energy and Climate Change. 2011b. National Policy Statement for Nuclear Power Generation (EN-6). London: The Stationery Office.
Page A1–14 ENERGY WORKING FOR BRITAIN Horizon Internal DCRM Number: WN0902-JAC-PAC-CHT-00002
Wylfa Newydd Project A - Introduction to the project ES6.1.2 Volume to the EIA A2 approach and - Project overview introduction to the developments and June 2018 Revision 1.0 Regulation Number: 5(2)(a) Planning Act 2008 Infrastructure (Applications: Prescribed Planning 2009 Forms Regulations Procedure) and PINS Reference Number: EN010007 Application Reference Number: 6.1.2 [This page is intentionally blank]
Contents 2 Project overview and introduction to the developments ...... 1 2.1 Introduction ...... 1 2.2 Power Station, other on-site developments and Marine Works ...... 1 Power Station ...... 1 Other on-site development ...... 2 Marine Works...... 2 2.3 Licensable Marine Activities ...... 2 2.4 Off-Site Power Station Facilities ...... 3 2.5 Associated Development ...... 4 Site Campus ...... 4 Park and Ride facility ...... 5 A5025 Off-line Highway Improvements ...... 6 Logistics Centre ...... 7 Wetland habitat creation and enhancement works ...... 8 2.6 Outline programme of construction and operation ...... 9 2.7 Construction workforce ...... 13 2.8 Related application by National Grid ...... 14
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Wylfa Newydd Power Station Chapter A2 Project overview and introduction to Development Consent Order developments
2 Project overview and introduction to the developments 2.1 Introduction 2.1.1 An overview of the Wylfa Newydd Project and its constituent elements is provided in chapter A1 (introduction) (Application Reference Number: 6.1.1) of this Environmental Statement. This chapter provides further detail about the elements of the Wylfa Newydd Project. Detailed descriptions of each development are set out in the following chapters: chapter D1 (Power Station, Marine Works, Site Campus and Other on- site development) (Application Reference Number: 6.4.1); chapter E1 (Off-Site Power Station Facilities) (Application Reference Number: 6.5.1); chapter F1 (Park and Ride facility) (Application Reference Number: 6.6.1); chapter G1 (A5025 Off-line Highway Improvements) (Application Reference Number: 6.7.1); and chapter H1 (Logistics Centre) (Application Reference Number: 6.8.1). 2.2 Power Station, other on-site developments and Marine Works 2.2.1 The Power Station, other on-site developments and Marine Works would be located within the Wylfa Newydd Development Area (409 hectares), adjacent to the Existing Power Station at Wylfa Head, west of Cemaes on the north coast of Anglesey. Together with two contiguous Ecology Mitigation Areas comprising 24 hectares (see Figure A2.1, Application Reference Number: 6.1.10), this provides a total of 433 hectares within the Order Limits at this location. 2.2.2 The Power Station Site would comprise a range of buildings, structures, facilities and features. These include the following: Power Station Main plant – buildings that are located in and around the single power island and contain the plant that is particularly important for safe generation of electricity. Common plant – comprising those parts of the Power Station that support the process of generation of power and are shared between the two UK ABWRs. Supporting facilities, buildings, structures and features – including those parts of the Power Station necessary to support the operation and maintenance of the Power Station, including offices and security facilities.
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Wylfa Newydd Power Station Chapter A2 Project overview and introduction to Development Consent Order developments
Grid Connection – apparatus to transfer electrical energy to the National Grid high voltage electricity transmission network.
Other on-site development landscape works and planting; drainage; surface water management systems; public access works including temporary and permanent closures and diversions of Public Rights of Way; new Power Station Access Road and internal site roads; car parking; construction compounds and temporary parking areas; laydown areas; working areas and temporary works and structures; temporary construction viewing area; diversion of utilities; perimeter fencing; construction fencing; and electricity connections.
Marine Works 2.2.3 The Marine Works comprise: Permanent Marine Works: The Cooling Water System, the Marine Off- loading Facility, breakwater structures, shore protection works, surface water drainage outfalls, waste water effluent outfall (and associated drainage of surface water and waste water effluent to the sea), fish recovery and return system, fish deterrent system, navigation aids and Dredging; and Temporary Marine Works: temporary cofferdams, a temporary access ramp, navigation aids, temporary outfalls and a temporary barge berth. 2.2.4 Please refer to figure A2-1 (Application Reference Number: 6.1.10) for the location of the Wylfa Newydd Development Area and the Power Station Site. 2.2.5 Further detailed description of the Wylfa Newydd Development Area and Power Station Site is provided in chapter D1 (Application Reference Number: 6.4.1). 2.3 Licensable Marine Activities 2.3.1 The Licensable Marine Activities comprise the Permanent Marine Works, the Temporary Marine Works, the disposal of dredged material at the Disposal
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Site (at Holyhead North), the drainage of surface water into the sea, the construction of a waste water treatment effluent outfall, and the drainage of treated sewage into the sea (during the construction phase only). 2.4 Off-Site Power Station Facilities 2.4.1 All of the Off-Site Power Station Facilities would be located on the same site. The selected site is located adjacent to the A5025 at Llanfaethlu, approximately 7.5km from the Wylfa Newydd Development Area, on a site currently used as a garage and vehicle parking. The proposed development would consist of the following. An Alternative Emergency Control Centre (AECC) to provide back-up command and communications facilities that would be used to remotely manage an incident at the Power Station in the extremely unlikely event the primary facilities on the Power Station Site were unavailable or if there was no access to the Power Station Site. A Mobile Emergency Equipment Garage (MEEG) to enable Horizon to store a number of specialist vehicles at a location close to but separate from the Power Station Site, allowing them to be rapidly deployed if needed to support an incident. The MEEG could also be used as a marshalling point for support arriving on Anglesey before onward dispatch to the Power Station Site in an emergency situation. The MEEG would be located in the same building as the AECC. An Environmental Survey Laboratory (ESL) would perform a normal operating function on a daily basis for environmental monitoring and, as such, would contain facilities such as radiation monitoring equipment to conduct radiological surveys in the local area. Car parking and pedestrian walkways. Access and delivery areas. Generator. Pump house. Fuel pump and fill point. Substation. Two underground fuel tanks. Refuse compound. Portable office pods. Container storage. Security fencing. Drainage swale. 2.4.2 The Off-Site Power Station Facilities would be used during the operational phase of the Power Station. The facilities are required in order to provide resilience against extreme events with very low probabilities.
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2.4.3 Please refer to figure A2-2 (Application Reference Number: 6.1.10) for the location of the Off-Site Power Station Facilities. 2.4.4 Further detailed description of the Off-Site Power Station Facilities is provided in chapter E1 of the Environmental Statement (Application Reference Number: 6.5.1). 2.5 Associated Development 2.5.1 The Associated Development facilitates the delivery of the Nationally Significant Infrastructure Project, and comprises the Site Campus; a Park and Ride facility at Dalar Hir for construction workers; a Logistics Centre at Parc Cybi; and the A5025 Off-line Highway Improvements. Each of these is described below. Site Campus 2.5.2 The Site Campus would provide temporary worker accommodation on land to the north-east of the Wylfa Newydd Development Area, to be delivered in phases. The Site Campus would only be present during construction of the Power Station. When it is no longer required the Site Campus buildings would be removed and the area returned to its pre-developed condition. Public footpaths and access to Fisherman’s Car Park would be reinstated after Site Campus decommissioning. 2.5.3 The Site Campus would consist of: accommodation for up to 4,000 workers in ‘campus’ style modular form (providing an independent living space for each worker); amenity building including: - cafeteria; - café; - reception area; - gym; - bar; - shop; - first aid facilities; and - other social space. Site Campus Medical Centre; outdoor recreation including two multi-use games areas, outdoor seating and informal public spaces; Site Campus access road (from the site to the A5025); bus set down and parking area; disabled parking spaces (staff only) and parking for light vans/minibuses;
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temporary parking for workers during the initial phases of construction, consisting of 400 spaces internal access ways for pedestrians, service vehicles and emergency vehicles; 2.4m high Paladin type fence around the perimeter; soft landscaping works; and secondary substation, compactor, bin and bike stores. 2.5.4 The total of up to 4,000 bed spaces would be provided over a total of up to 25 buildings between four and seven storeys in height. Each building would provide between 128 and 224 bed spaces. 2.5.5 Additional services associated with the worker accommodation would include an extension to the existing Cemaes Welsh Water Treatment Plant (this is not part of the Wylfa Newydd Project as it is being undertaken by the local water utility). 2.5.6 Further detailed description of the Site Campus is provided in chapter D1 of the Environmental Statement (Application Reference Number: 6.4.1).
Park and Ride facility 2.5.7 The proposed Park and Ride facility at Dalar Hir would be located immediately to the north-east of Junction 4 on the A55 and approximately 18.5km from the Wylfa Newydd Development Area. 2.5.8 The Park and Ride facility would consist of: secure parking for up to 1,900 cars which would include 10 disabled car spaces, as well as spaces for 55 minibuses and 35 motorbikes; a bus waiting pick up and drop off zone for up to 15 buses with additional parking for eight buses; a bus transport facility building to provide: - transport information; - a waiting area; - welfare facilities; - a bus driver canteen; and - management office facilities. access via a new roundabout located near the existing A55-A5 junction (Junction 4); landscaping and screen planting for visual mitigation; other ancillary development, including a cycle store for up to 25 bicycles, signage, fencing, lighting, CCTV and utilities; and a watercourse crossing at the east end of the site. 2.5.9 This Park and Ride facility would be used during the construction phase of the Power Station to transport and manage the flow of some of the construction workforce to and from the Wylfa Newydd Development Area, in order to
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reduce the number of vehicles being driven to the Wylfa Newydd Development Area. 2.5.10 Following construction of the Power Station, the Park and Ride facility would be removed and the land restored to its existing use (agricultural land). The existing hedge line and proposed new hedge line to the west of the site, along with tree and shrub planting, using native species, on the southern boundary would be retained as a legacy benefit. 2.5.11 Please refer to figure A2-3 (Application Reference Number: 6.1.10) for the location of the Park and Ride facility at Dalar Hir. 2.5.12 Further detailed description of the Park and Ride is provided in chapter F1 (Application Reference Number: 6.6.1) of the Environmental Statement. A5025 Off-line Highway Improvements 2.5.13 The main route to the Wylfa Newydd Development Area from the mainland and the port of Holyhead is along the A55, the A5 and the A5025. Studies undertaken by Horizon in 2010–2011 (summarised in chapter G2 alternatives and design evolution, Application Reference Number: 6.7.2) identified that the stretch of the A5025 between the community of Valley and the Existing Power Station access road has physical and operational constraints in relation to its width, alignment, overtaking opportunities and surfacing condition. 2.5.14 A variety of highway improvement works along the A5025 would be needed to address existing safety and environmental concerns and mitigate the impacts of the construction and operation of the Wylfa Newydd Project. 2.5.15 The proposed A5025 Off-line Highway Improvements form an important component of the Wylfa Newydd Project, and are required as part of the wider transport strategy for the project, as described in the Integrated Traffic and Transport Strategy (appendix F of appendix C2-4 DCO Transport Assessment, Application Reference Number: 6.3.20). The A5025 Off-line Highway Improvements involve the construction of new sections of road such as bypasses and road realignment works. 2.5.16 The A5025 Off-line Highway Improvements seek to address potential environmental effects on communities, including noise from increased road traffic and severance. 2.5.17 The A5025 between Valley and the Power Station Site is approximately 16.5km in length and can be broadly described geographically in eight sections. Sections 1, 3, 5 and 7 relate to the A5025 Off-line Highway Improvements, as described below. Please refer to figure A2-4 (Application Reference Number: 6.1.10) for the location of the A5025 Off-line Highway Improvements. 2.5.18 The A5025 Off-line Highway Improvements can be described as follows: section 1 – A5 east of Valley Junction to the north of Valley Junction – proposed four arm roundabout and bypass connecting the A5 with the A5025 to the east of the existing A5/A5025 signalised junction;
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section 3 – north of Llanynghenedl to the north of Llanfachraeth – proposed 2km highway to provide a bypass to the east of Llanfachraeth village; section 5 – south of Llanfaethlu to the north of Llanfaethlu – proposed bypass to provide a straighter section of road, where there are two existing substandard bends near the Black Lion pub and through Llanfaethlu; section 7 – north of Llanrhyddlad to the north of Cefn Coch – proposed bypass to eliminate two existing substandard bends in Llanrhwydrus; and new Power Station Access Road junction - proposed roundabout junction linking the proposed Power Station Access Road to the existing A5025 public highway. 2.5.19 Further detailed description of the A5025 Off-line Highway Improvements is provided in chapter G1 (Application Reference Number: 6.7.1) of the Environmental Statement. 2.5.20 The proposed A5025 On-line Highway Improvements include the replacement of the existing carriageway and minor widening within or adjacent to the highway boundary. Sections 2, 4, 6 and 8 relate to the A5025 On-line Highway Improvements. The A5025 On-line Highway Improvements are the subject of a separate planning application to be made to the Isle of Anglesey County Council under the Town and Country Planning Act 1990. Logistics Centre 2.5.21 The proposed Logistics Centre would be located in the north-west of the wider Parc Cybi employment area approximately 19km from the Wylfa Newydd Development Area. The Logistics Centre would consist of: an office/welfare building; security kiosk; driver instructor point; covered inspection bay; heavy goods vehicle scanner; and parking zones (100 parking bays for heavy, medium and light goods vehicles, and 12 staff parking bays (plus one disabled space)). 2.5.22 The Logistics Centre would be used during the construction phase of the Power Station to control the flow of traffic along the A5025, in order to prevent vehicles leaving in convoy and to avoid sensitive times of the day (such as peak work rush hour and school run). 2.5.23 Following construction of the Power Station, the site would be available for another use subject to necessary consents being secured. 2.5.24 Please refer to figure A2-5 (Application Reference Number: 6.1.10) for the location of the Logistics Centre.
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2.5.25 Further detailed description of the Logistics Centre is provided in chapter H1 of the Environmental Statement (Application Reference Number: 6.8.1). Wetland habitat creation and enhancement works 2.5.26 Three sites have been identified which provide opportunity to create and enhance rich-fen and mire habitat to off-set potential adverse effects on Tre’r Gof SSSI which lies within the Wylfa Newydd Development Area. The sites are located at Cae Canol-dydd, Cors Gwawr and Ty du. 2.5.27 Cae Canol-dydd is located approximately 1.6km northeast of Llangefni, in central Anglesey. Cors Gwawr is located approximately 3km northeast of Llangefni in central Anglesey. Ty du is situated on the Llanbadrig headland to the east of Cemaes, north of the A5025. 2.5.28 The location of Cae Canol-dydd and Cors Gwawr is designed to link isolated SSSI units with Cors Gwawr located between Caeau Talwrn SSSI and Cors Bodeilio SSSI, and Cae Canol-dydd located between two separate units of Caeau Talwrn. These SSSI units also form part of the Corsydd Môn/Anglesey Fens SAC. The creation and enhancement of rich-fen at these two compensation sites would strengthen links between these SSSI units, and the resilience of the Corsydd Môn/Anglesey Fens SAC, which has the potential to result in extensive restoration and enhancement of these designated sites. 2.5.29 At Cae Canol-dydd, the works outside of the Caeau Talwrn SSSI would comprise the following: creation of access tracks; topsoil stripping and re-landscaping in order to lower the land level and expose a nutrient-poor, calcium-rich mineral substrate for vegetation establishment; topsoil storage in dedicated locations on site, in mounds no greater than two metres high; drainage modifications to reverse the artificial drainage of the site; fencing to exclude stock from the habitat creation areas; and seeding and planting of key species. 2.5.30 Works inside the Caeau Talwrn SSSI within the Cae Canol-dydd site would involve the cutting of black bog-rush and purple moor-grass tussocks to create a patchwork of short open areas while retaining some tussocks, particularly those supporting calcifugous and other vegetation. 2.5.31 At Cors Gwawr, the proposed habitat creation works would comprise the following: creation of access tracks; topsoil stripping and re-landscaping in order to lower the land level and expose a nutrient-poor, calcium-rich mineral substrate for vegetation establishment;
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topsoil storage in dedicated locations on site, in mounds no greater than two metres high; scrub removal; drainage modifications to reverse the artificial drainage of the site; fencing to exclude stock from the habitat creation areas; and seeding and planting of key species. 2.5.32 The proposed habitat enhancement works at Cors Gwawr would cover an area of 1.9ha of poor quality rich-fen habitat. The existing species-poor, coarse vegetation would be scraped away, and green hay or other plant propagules would be introduced. 2.5.33 At Ty du, the proposal aims to facilitate the regeneration and management of mire habitat, and would include the following: installation of management infrastructure; 2.4ha of mire that would be enhanced directly through appropriate management; 3.1ha of scrub-covered mire that would be enhanced through scrub clearance and vegetation regeneration; 1.5ha of species-poor purple moor-grass-dominated mire that would be enhanced through cutting and vegetation regeneration; and removal of the septic tank in the northeast of the site (to be replaced if its ongoing use is required). 2.5.34 More information on the proposals for the wetland habitat creation and enhancement works is provided in appendix D9-24 (SSSI compensation strategy – volume 2) (Application Reference Number: 6.4.57). 2.6 Outline programme of construction and operation 2.6.1 The Power Station construction programme is anticipated to commence in the first year following award of development consent. The main construction phase is anticipated to take approximately seven years, with the first ABWR Unit operational at the end of that period, and the second ABWR Unit operational approximately two years later. Peak Construction (i.e. prior to the commissioning of Unit 1) represents the worst case scenario with higher traffic volumes than Unit 2 construction combined with Unit 1 operation. Completion of the spent fuel storage facility would not commence until year 15 as the facility is not required until approximately year 17. Further details on construction can be found in appendix D1-1 (Construction Method Statement) (Application Reference Number: 6.4.17) of the Environmental Statement.
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2.6.2 Activities such as bulk earthworks, deep excavations, rock excavation and the Marine Off-Loading Facility construction are likely to peak during years 1 and 2. The following activities are likely to peak during year 5: construction activities concrete production; distribution and placing; steel reinforcing works; cranage; access to structures; and related site logistics. 2.6.3 It is anticipated that construction of the Off-Site Power Station Facilities would commence in year 3 and last until year 5. It is anticipated that the Off-Site Power Station Facilities would be operated throughout the operation of the Power Station until decommissioning. 2.6.4 It is anticipated that construction of the Park and Ride facility at Dalar Hir would commence in year 1 and last for approximately 18 months. It is anticipated that the Park and Ride facility would be operated during construction of the Power Station. 2.6.5 The A5025 Off-line Highway Improvements are proposed to be completed in time for the start of major construction activities at the Wylfa Newydd Development Area. It is anticipated that construction of the A5025 Off-line Highway Improvements would commence in year 1 and last for approximately 18 months. 2.6.6 It is anticipated that construction of the Logistics Centre at Parc Cybi would commence in year 1 and last for approximately 15 months. It is anticipated that the Logistics Centre would be operated during construction of the Power Station. 2.6.7 The Site Campus facilities are required throughout the construction phase of the Power Station, but would be scalable in a minimum of three phases to a maximum of 4,000 bed spaces. The key phases being 1,000 bed spaces (Phase 1), 2,500 bed spaces (Phase 2) and 4,000 bed spaces (Phase 3). 2.6.8 Please see figure A2-6 below for the construction timeline.
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Figure A2-6 Construction Timeline
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2.7 Construction workforce 2.7.1 Several thousand construction workers would be required during the approximately nine-year construction programme, with numbers estimated to reach 8,500 shift workers during peak periods. To ensure any unforeseen increases in worker numbers are mitigated, a peak of 9,000 workers is used for assessment in this Environmental Statement. 2.7.2 Figure A2-7 below shows the anticipated workforce profile for the Wylfa Newydd Project during the construction phase. This workforce profile includes the workers required for the construction and operation of the Power Station, the Marine Works, other on-site developments, the Licensable Marine Activities, Off-Site Power Station Facilities and Associated Development, noting that Power Station operational workers would join the workforce during the construction period and overlap. 2.7.3 Refer to chapter C1 (socio-economics) (Application Reference Number: 6.3.1) for further information on the worker numbers for the Wylfa Newydd Project as a whole. Figure A2-7 Construction workforce profile
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2.8 Related application by National Grid 2.8.1 The electrical energy generated by the Power Station would be transferred to the National Grid via the existing 400kV substation. The connection from the 400kV substation into the National Grid at Pentir near Bangor on the Welsh mainland is a separate Development Consent Order project, known as the North Wales Connection Project and is being separately taken forward by National Grid Electricity Transmission plc. The Development Consent Order application for the North Wales Connection Project will also include an Environmental Statement. The cumulative effects of the Wylfa Newydd Project together with the North Wales Connection Project have been assessed and are reported in chapter I5 (Application Reference Number: 6.9.5).
Page A2-14 ENERGY WORKING FOR BRITAIN
Horizon Internal DCRM Number: WN0902-JAC-PAC-CHT-00003
Wylfa Newydd Project A - Introduction to the project ES6.1.3 Volume to the EIA A3 approach and - Environmental context June 2018 Revision 1.0 Regulation Number: 5(2)(a) Planning Act 2008 Infrastructure (Applications: Prescribed Planning 2009 Forms Regulations Procedure) and PINS Reference Number: EN010007 Application Reference Number: 6.1.3 [This page is intentionally blank]
Contents 3 Environmental context ...... 1 3.1 Introduction ...... 1 3.2 The Isle of Anglesey ...... 1 Location ...... 1 History and culture ...... 1 Socio-economic context ...... 1 Transport network ...... 2 3.3 Wylfa Newydd Development Area (containing the Power Station, other on-site development, Marine Works and the Site Campus)...... 3 3.4 Off-Site Power Station Facilities ...... 4 3.5 Associated Development ...... 4 Park and Ride ...... 4 A5025 Off-line Highway Improvements ...... 5 Logistics Centre ...... 7 3.6 References ...... 7
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3 Environmental context 3.1 Introduction 3.1.1 This chapter describes the environmental context of the Isle of Anglesey and the areas around the Wylfa Newydd Project development sites. 3.1.2 Section 3.2 provides the environmental context for the Isle of Anglesey, and then sections 3.3, 3.4 and 3.5 provide the environmental context for the areas around the Wylfa Newydd Development Area, Off-Site Power Station Facilities and Associated Development sites respectively. The locations of these development sites are shown on figure A1-1 (Application Reference Number: 6.1.10) accompanying chapter A1 (introduction) (Application Reference Number: 6.1.1). 3.1.3 The information provided in this chapter is intended as a high-level introduction to the sites and their settings. More detailed information, including information for wider study areas where appropriate, is provided within the baseline conditions sections of each of the topic chapters in volumes C to H (Application Reference Numbers: 6.3.1 to 6.8.11). 3.2 The Isle of Anglesey Location 3.2.1 The Isle of Anglesey is situated off the north-west coast of Wales, separated from Bangor on the mainland by the Menai Strait. It is the largest of the Welsh islands covering an area of 720km2.
History and culture 3.2.2 The Isle of Anglesey has a valuable historic environment, characterised by numerous Scheduled Monuments and archaeological sites (terrestrial and marine); landscapes of outstanding historic interest; Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas. Beaumaris Castle, in the east of Anglesey, is one of a group of four castles in North Wales making up the ‘Castles of King Edward I’ World Heritage Site. 3.2.3 The Welsh language has played an integral part in Anglesey’s history and culture, although census data show that there has been a decrease over recent decades in the percentage of people speaking Welsh. In 2001, 60% spoke the Welsh language, and this decreased to 57% in 2011 [RD1]. The Isle of Anglesey County Council (IACC) recognises the importance of preserving the traditions and culture of Wales [RD2], and therefore promotes and facilitates the use of the Welsh language on Anglesey. The IACC has a target for 60% of the population to be Welsh speakers by 2020 [RD3].
Socio-economic context 3.2.4 In 2011, Anglesey had a resident population of around 70,000, equivalent to just over 2% of the population of Wales. Approximately 16% of Anglesey’s
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residents were of working age, and 22% were aged 65 or over. Employment rates on Anglesey (70.8%) were broadly comparable to those for Wales as a whole (71.2%) [RD4]. 3.2.5 The population of Anglesey is decreasing, in part due to the closure of key industrial sites. The Welsh Government has made projections that the population on Anglesey is expected to continue to decline [RD5]. 3.2.6 The Isle of Anglesey has a small number of large employers, predominately based around the public sector (for example the IACC and health care services) and the construction and manufacturing industries (for example Anglesey Aluminium Metal Limited, although the main plant closed in 2009) and the Existing Power Station. Smaller employers exist in the agriculture and retail sectors [RD5]. 3.2.7 Tourism plays an important role in the local economy, with data indicating more than five million visitors to the island in 2014, generating £260.4 million of revenue for the local economy [RD6]. 3.2.8 The Existing Power Station has made a notable contribution to the economy and employment during its construction and since it was commissioned in 1971. At the end of 2015, electricity generation ceased and decommissioning has now begun.
Transport network 3.2.9 Figure A3-1 shows key features of the local transport network. Anglesey is connected to mainland Wales by the Britannia Bridge and the Menai Suspension Bridge, both crossing the Menai Strait near Bangor. The A55 crosses the Britannia Bridge and continues north-west to Holyhead, from where ferry services connect with the Republic of Ireland. Similarly, the railway line along the North Wales coast crosses onto Anglesey via the Britannia Bridge and connects to the Port of Holyhead. 3.2.10 The A5 crosses the Menai Suspension Bridge, to the east of the Britannia Bridge, and then runs parallel to the A55 for much of its route across Anglesey. 3.2.11 The A5025 leaves the A55 near Llanfair Pwllgwyngyll, just north of the Menai Strait, heads around the east and north of the island, past the Wylfa Newydd Development Area, before heading south again to re-join the A55 at Junction 3 near Valley, south-east of Holyhead. 3.2.12 Anglesey Airport is located at RAF Valley, in the south-west of Anglesey, from where passenger flights operate to Cardiff. 3.2.13 The locations of these transport network features are shown in figure A3-1 (Application Reference Number: 6.1.10).
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3.3 Wylfa Newydd Development Area (containing the Power Station, other on-site development, Marine Works and the Site Campus) 3.3.1 The Wylfa Newydd Development Area is bounded to the north by the Existing Power Station and a stretch of coastline including Wylfa Head. It extends into the marine environment at Porth-y-pistyll. To the east, it is separated from the town of Cemaes by agricultural land. The A5025 road defines part of the south-east boundary. To the south and west, the site abuts agricultural land with a small number of residential dwellings and farmsteads. To the west, the site is bounded by the coastal hinterland and Cestyll Valley Garden, beyond which lies Cemlyn Bay. 3.3.2 The Existing Power Station occupies land to the north of the Wylfa Newydd Development Area. The site is now owned by the Nuclear Decommissioning Authority, which is decommissioning the site. 3.3.3 The landscape in this area is characterised by small rounded hills (known as drumlins). Land within and surrounding the Wylfa Newydd Development Area is predominantly in agricultural use, for grazing by sheep or cattle. Land is contained by hedgerows and dry stone walls (‘cloddiau’), and crossed by a network of roads, rural lanes, watercourses and overhead electricity infrastructure. 3.3.4 Settlement patterns around the Wylfa Newydd Development Area are characterised by small clusters of residential dwellings and more isolated farmsteads. Larger settlements in the immediate vicinity of the Wylfa Newydd Development Area include the villages of Cemaes, 2km to the east, and Tregele, 1km to the south-east. 3.3.5 A number of Public Rights of Way (PRoWs), including the Wales Coast Path and the Copper Trail, cross the Wylfa Newydd Development Area. The Wales Coast Path is a long-distance trail that follows the entire coastline of Wales. Some sections of the route divert inland where access is restricted, as is the case where the path runs inland of the Existing Power Station. The Copper Trail is part of the National Cycle Network (Route 566). 3.3.6 Land to the north and west of the Wylfa Newydd Development Area is within the Anglesey Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB) and the North Anglesey Heritage Coast, the location of the Anglesey AONB is shown on figure A3-2 (Application Reference Number: 6.1.10). 3.3.7 There are a number of sites subject to ecological conservation designations (both statutory and non-statutory) of international, national and local importance within and in the vicinity of the Wylfa Newydd Development Area. Notable sites include: • Tre’r Gof and Cae Gwyn Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSIs); • Cemlyn Bay SSSI which forms part of the Anglesey Terns Special Protection Area (SPA); • Cemlyn Bay Special Area of Conservation (SAC);
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• North Anglesey Marine SAC; and • Anglesey Terns SPA. 3.3.8 Tre’r Gof SSSI is located within the Wylfa Newydd Development Area. Tre’r Gof SSSI has been designated for its rich fen habitat containing rushes and sedge species, including blunt-flowered rush and fen sedge and black bog rush. Cae Gwyn SSSI is located adjacent to the Wylfa Newydd Development Area border in the south. It is designated for its acidic basin mires containing sphagnum mosses and numerous royal ferns. 3.3.9 The Cemlyn Bay designated sites are located approximately 350m from the proposed site. The North Anglesey Marine SAC and the Anglesey Terns SPA cover the whole of the marine environment in the study area; hence the Wylfa Newydd Development Area is partly within these two designated sites. 3.3.10 The location of these designated sites is shown on figure A3-2 (Application Reference Number: 6.1.10). 3.4 Off-Site Power Station Facilities 3.4.1 The proposed site for the Off-Site Power Station Facilities is in Llanfaethlu, between Valley and the Power Station Site. The site would be located approximately 450m north-east from the centre of the village of Llanfaethlu. Currently the land is being used by an existing business as a garage and for bus parking. It is bounded by the existing A5025 road to the west, residential and storage buildings to the north, and farmland and a small sewage works to the south and east. Across the A5025, within 100m west of the proposed site, a new primary school was opened in September 2017. 3.4.2 Four PRoWs run within 250m of the proposed site. 3.4.3 Llyn Garreg-lwyd SSSI is approximately 700m from the proposed site. This SSSI is designated for its tall fen, dominated by common reed, which supports a range of breeding bird species. The location of this designated site is shown on figure A3-3 (Application Reference Number: 6.1.10). 3.5 Associated Development 3.5.1 The Site Campus would be located within the Wylfa Newydd Development Area, hence the environmental context provided in section 3.3 above is relevant to it. Other Associated Development would be located elsewhere, and the relevant environmental context is described below.
Park and Ride 3.5.1 The Park and Ride would be located near Dalar Hir, north of Llanfihangel-yn- Nhywyn, approximately 3km east of Valley, close to Junction 4 of the A55. The area is characterised by agricultural land with a number of small settlements and farmsteads. There are a number of larger settlements located nearby, with Llanfihangel-yn-Nhywyn approximately 400m to the south and Bodedern 1km to the north.
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3.5.2 The site is bounded to the south by the A5 and to the west by a road leading to Bodedern. To the east and north, the site is bounded by agricultural land. 3.5.3 There are a number of designated ecological sites some distance to the south of Dalar Hir. Llynnau y Fali – Valley Lakes SSSI and Llyn Dinam SAC are approximately 1.5km from the proposed site, and Llyn Traffwll SSSI is 1km away. 3.5.4 Llynnau y Fali – Valley Lakes SSSI is designated for its marshland and damp grassland habitats. It contains two lakes, one of which includes Llyn Dinam SAC. These habitats support a variety of aquatic flora such as pondweed and duckweed. The lakes also support wintering wildfowl such as shoveler, teal, tufted duck, pochard and goldeneye. 3.5.5 Llyn Traffwll SSSI is designated for its base-rich lake and aquatic flora which support overwintering wildfowl such as shoveler. Other bird species present include wigeon, mallard, gadwall, goldeneye, pochard and tufted duck. 3.5.6 The location of these designated sites is shown on figure A3-4 (Application Reference Number: 6.1.10).
A5025 Off-line Highway Improvements 3.5.7 Five sections of Off-line Highway Improvements along the A5025 between Valley and the Power Station Access Road Junction are proposed within the application for development consent. These sections would be at Valley, Llanfachraeth, Llanfaethlu, Cefn Coch and the Power Station Access Road Junction.
A5025 Off-line Highway Improvements at Valley 3.5.8 The A5025 Off-line Highway Improvements at Valley would connect the A5 with the existing A5025, and would pass approximately 700m east of the centre of the village, through existing agricultural land. Anglesey AONB is approximately 400m south-west from the proposed works at Valley. 3.5.9 The location of the AONB is shown on figure A3-4 (Application Reference Number: 6.1.10). 3.5.10 North-east from the site, the land is currently being used for agriculture. South from the proposed site is a freight yard adjacent to the existing railway line near Valley. Approximately 130m south-east from the proposed site is a cemetery.
A5025 Off-line Highway Improvements at Llanfachraeth 3.5.11 The A5025 Off-line Highway Improvements at Llanfachraeth would pass approximately 290m east from the centre of the village, through existing agricultural land. To the west, the existing A5025 follows the boundary of the Anglesey AONB. East of the proposed A5025 Off-line Highway Improvements is agricultural land and a small number of scattered residential dwellings and farmsteads. These buildings are connected by a number of PRoWs.
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3.5.12 The A5025 Off-line Highway Improvements would cross the Afon Alaw and a minor tributary on a viaduct, approximately 200m upstream of its estuary and the Beddmanarch – Cymyran SSSI. This designated site contains a number of coastal habitats such as sandbank, mudflat and saltmarsh. A wide range of water and coastal birds use this habitat for passage, during winter and as breeding sites. 3.5.13 The location of these designated sites is shown on figure A3-3 (Application Reference Number: 6.1.10).
A5025 Off-line Highway Improvements at Llanfaethlu 3.5.14 The A5025 Off-line Highway Improvements at Llanfaethlu would pass 200m east from the centre of the village, and in places would be adjacent to the border of the Anglesey AONB. East of here, there are a number of buildings which include residential properties, as well as the proposed site for the Off- Site Power Station Facilities. To the west is the village of Llanfaethlu which is surrounded by agricultural land. North-west from the A5025 Off-line Highway Improvements is Llyn Garreg-lwyd SSSI, as described in paragraph 3.4.3 above. 3.5.15 The location of these designated sites is shown on figure A3-3 (Application Reference Number: 6.1.10).
A5025 Off-line Highway Improvements at Cefn Coch 3.5.16 The A5025 Off-line Highway Improvements at Cefn Coch would be located to the west of the existing A5025, through land that is currently used for agriculture. The Anglesey AONB is located north-west from the site. The distance from the AONB would vary along the works, but the closest point would be approximately 700m away. 3.5.17 The proposed A5025 Off-line Highway Improvements would be up to 40m further away from residential properties located to the east of the existing A5025. The properties, which are accessed via a minor road to the east of the A5025, are also connected by PRoWs to areas further eastwards. 3.5.18 Approximately 240m south-east from the proposed A5025 Off-line Highway Improvements is Llyn Llygeirian SSSI. This site is designated for its lake habitat which supports a range of aquatic flora. Additionally, it supports a number of wintering bird species such as gadwall and whooper swans. 3.5.19 The location of these designated sites is shown on figure A3-3 (Application Reference Number: 6.1.10).
Power Station Access Road Junction 3.5.20 The Power Station Access Road Junction would connect the existing A5025 to the Power Station Access Road near the southern limit of the Wylfa Newydd Development Area. North, east and south-east from the proposed junction is existing agricultural land. The site of medieval domestic remains at Groesfechan is adjacent to the site, to the south-west. Approximately 500m north-east from the site is the edge of the village of Tregele.
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3.5.21 Approximately 1.5km north-east from the proposed junction is Tre’r Gof SSSI and approximately 130m west from the proposed site is Cae Gwyn SSSI. These designated sites are located within and adjacent to the Wylfa Newydd Development Area respectively as described in section 3.3.
Logistics Centre 3.5.22 The Logistics Centre would be located approximately 2km south of the centre of Holyhead, and 250m south from existing industrial and commercial premises. The area of land for the proposed Logistics Centre is currently being used for arable farming. 3.5.23 The site of the proposed Logistics Centre is bounded to the north-east by the A55, beyond which lie existing industrial and commercial premises, including Penrhos Business Park, an aluminium works and sewage works. To the south-west, the site is bounded by a road, and south-east is agricultural land. 3.5.24 Approximately 200m south-east from the site boundary is an area of coniferous woodland. 3.5.25 Trefignath Burial Chamber, 150m south of the site, is a Scheduled Monument. In addition, Ty Mawr Standing Stone is a Scheduled Monument located approximately 450m north-west from the proposed site. 3.5.26 The proposed site would be located within the Anglesey AONB. 3.5.27 The closest ecological designation, Beddmanarch – Cymyran SSSI is approximately 1.5km south-east of the proposed site. The SSSI contains a variety of coastal habitats including sandbank, mudflat and saltmarsh. There are also a number of coastal birds that use it as a breeding area. In between the proposed site and the SSSI are areas of coniferous and mixed woodland. 3.5.28 The locations of these designated sites are shown on figure A3-4 (Application Reference Number: 6.1.10). 3.6 References Table A3-1 Schedule of references ID Reference RD1 Office for National Statistics. 2017. 2011 Census: Quick Statistics. [Online]. [Accessed: 19 March 2017]. Available from: http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTable View.do?a=7&b=6275328&c=anglesey&d=13&e=61&g=6488680&i= 1001x1003x1032x1004&o=362&m=0&r=1&s=1489766645904&enc= 1&dsFamilyId=2499. RD2 Isle of Anglesey County Council (IACC) and Gwynedd Council. 2017. Anglesey and Gwynedd Joint Local Development Plan 2011 – 2026, Written Statement, Composite Version incorporating Matters Arising Changes. [Online]. [Accessed: April 2017]. Available from: http://www.anglesey.gov.uk/Journals/z/t/f/Composite-Plan-MACs- 2017.pdf.
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ID Reference RD3 Anglesey Welsh Language Strategic Forum. 2016. Welsh Language Strategy 2016-2021. [Online]. [Accessed: 3 October 2016]. Available from: http://www.anglesey.gov.uk/Journals/b/t/r/Welsh-Language- Strategy-2016-2021.pdf. RD4 Nomis. 2013. 2011 Census Data for England and Wales. [Online]. [Accessed: 28 March 2017]. Available from: https://www.Nomisweb.co.uk/census/2011. RD5 Isle of Anglesey County Council (IACC). 2008. Local Development Plan 2006 - 2021. [Online]. [Accessed: 20 March 2017]. Available from: http://www.anglesey.gov.uk/Journals/public/attachments/92/Contents _Opening_Comments_Chapters_1_2_and_3.pdf. RD6 Global Tourism Solutions. 2016. STEAM model tourism economic impact [Online]. [Accessed: 28 March 2017]. Available from: http://www.globaltourismsolutions.co.uk/steam-model.
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Horizon Internal DCRM Number: WN0902-JAC-PAC-CHT-00004
Wylfa Newydd Project A - Introduction to the project ES Volume 6.1.4 to the EIA A4 approach -and Strategic alternatives June 2018 Revision 1.0 Regulation Number: 5(2)(a) Planning Act 2008 Infrastructure (Applications: Prescribed Planning 2009 Forms Regulations Procedure) and PINS Reference Number: EN010007 Application Reference Number: 6.1.4 [This page is intentionally blank]
Contents 4 Strategic alternatives ...... 1 4.1 Introduction ...... 1 4.2 Alternatives to nuclear and large-scale electricity generation ...... 1 4.3 Wylfa Newydd Power Station site location ...... 3 4.4 Off-Site Power Station Facilities ...... 4 4.5 Site Campus ...... 4 4.6 Transport ...... 5 Integrated Traffic and Transport Strategy ...... 5 Overview of measures to improve transport ...... 6 Park and Ride ...... 6 A5025 Off-line Highway Improvements ...... 7 Logistics Centre ...... 7 4.7 References ...... 8
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4 Strategic alternatives 4.1 Introduction 4.1.1 This chapter outlines the need for the Wylfa Newydd Project and the reasons for its proposed location. It describes the strategic thinking that has shaped the development of the Wylfa Newydd Project. 4.1.2 Sections 4.2 and 4.3 explain how the alternatives to nuclear power and alternative sites for new nuclear power stations have been assessed strategically by the UK Government. 4.1.3 The consideration of alternatives in relation to the Off-Site Power Station Facilities and the Associated Development has been carried out by Horizon. In the case of the Off-Site Power Station Facilities, this was limited to consideration of alternative locations only, as the facilities would be integral to the operation of the Power Station and therefore must be provided. However, for the Associated Development, alternative solutions and alternative sites were considered before the current proposals were finalised, with the identified solutions helping to avoid or mitigate some of the environmental issues that would arise in alternative scenarios. 4.1.4 This chapter is intended to provide a high-level overview of the key environmental issues relevant to the consideration of alternatives, as context to the Environmental Statement. 4.1.5 This chapter is not concerned with alternative site layouts or construction methods and techniques. More information on the reasoning behind the selection of sites and their layouts is provided in the alternatives and design evolution chapters D2 (Application Reference Number: 6.4.2), E2 (Application Reference Number: 6.5.2), F2 (Application Reference Number: 6.6.2), G2 (Application Reference Number: 6.7.2) and H2 (Application Reference Number: 6.8.2) of this Environmental Statement. Information is also provided in the respective Site Selection Reports (Application Reference Numbers: 8.24.1 to 8.24.7). 4.2 Alternatives to nuclear and large-scale electricity generation 4.2.1 “Horizon is applying to the Secretary of State (SoS) for a Development Consent Order (DCO) under the Planning Act 2008, to construct, operate and maintain a new nuclear power station on the land west of Cemaes on Anglesey (Wylfa Newydd Project). As the Wylfa Newydd Project is anticipated for deployment after 2025, the Government considers that it should be considered under section 105 of the Planning Act 2008. Decisions under Section 105 need to be taken having regard to any Local Impact Report and matters that the SoS thinks are both important and relevant. These would include the policies contained in NPS EN-1 and NPS EN-6, which is confirmed in the recent Ministerial Statement on Energy Infrastructure (December 2017). This further clarifies continued Government support for nuclear power, and
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specifically at Wylfa. NPS EN-1 and NPS EN-6 therefore remain the primary basis for decision making.” 4.2.2 Within the Overarching National Policy Statement for Energy (EN-1) (NPS EN- 1) [RD1] the UK Government has considered the alternatives to the need for new large-scale electricity generation infrastructure (including nuclear power), including; reducing overall demand, more intelligent use, and additional interconnection of electricity systems. NPS EN-1 concludes that, although all of the above measures should and will be actively pursued, their effect on decreasing the need for new large-scale energy infrastructure will be limited, particularly given the likely increase in demand for electricity for domestic and industrial heating and transport. 4.2.3 NPS EN-1 states at paragraph 3.3.4 that: “There are benefits of having a diverse mix of all types of power generation. It means we are not dependent on any one type of generation or one source of energy or power and so helps to ensure security of supply. In addition, as set out briefly below, the different types of electricity generation have different characteristics which can complement each other: fossil fuel generation can be brought on line quickly when there is high demand and shut down when demand is low, thus complementing generation from nuclear and the intermittent generation from renewables. However, until such time as fossil fuel generation can effectively operate with Carbon Capture and Storage, such power stations will not be low carbon; renewables offer a low carbon and proven (for example, onshore and offshore wind) fuel source, but many renewable technologies provide intermittent generation; and nuclear power is a proven technology that is able to provide continuous low carbon generation, which will help to reduce the UK’s dependence on imports of fossil fuels. Whilst capable of responding to peaks and troughs in demand or supply, it is not as cost efficient to use nuclear power stations in this way when compared to fossil fuel generation.” [RD1] 4.2.4 NPS EN-1 states at paragraphs 3.5.1 and 3.5.2 that: “For the UK to meet its energy and climate change objectives, the Government believes that there is an urgent need for new electricity generation plant, including new nuclear power. Nuclear power generation is a low carbon, proven technology, which is anticipated to play an increasingly important role as we move to diversify and decarbonise our sources of electricity [RD1, paragraph 3.5.1]. It is Government policy that new nuclear power should be able to contribute as much as possible to the UK’s need for new capacity” [RD1, paragraph 3.5.2].
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4.2.5 NPS EN-1 states at paragraph 3.1.3 that: “The IPC [now Planning Inspectorate and the Secretary of State] should… assess all applications for development consent for the types of infrastructure covered by the energy NPSs on the basis that the Government has demonstrated that there is a need for those types of infrastructure and that the scale and urgency of that need is as described for each of them in this Part”. [RD1] 4.3 Wylfa Newydd Power Station site location 4.3.1 In 2009, the area of land surrounding the Existing Power Station was nominated in the UK Government’s Strategic Siting Assessment (SSA) process as a site potentially suitable for the deployment of a new nuclear power station. In implementing the SSA process, the then Department of Energy and Climate Change assessed candidate sites against a wide range of factors. 4.3.2 The candidate site at Wylfa was selected as it has adequate space for the development of a new nuclear power station, an existing National Grid connection and hard rock foundations. It is sufficiently high above sea level to avoid serious flood risk and has good access to sea water for cooling purposes. The nuclear heritage of Wylfa on Anglesey and Trawsfynydd in nearby Snowdonia has given rise to a strong skills and knowledge base necessary for the construction and operation of a new nuclear power station on Anglesey. 4.3.3 National Policy Statement for Nuclear Power Generation (EN-6) (NPS EN-6) [RD2] (specifically covering nuclear power generation) states the view of the UK Government that the Wylfa NPS Site (as shown on figure A1-2, Application Reference Number: 6.1.10) is potentially suitable for the deployment of a new nuclear power station. Also shown on figure A1-2 (Application Reference Number: 6.1.10) are the Wylfa Newydd Development Area and the Power Station Site. The Wylfa Newydd Development Area is larger than the Wylfa NPS Site, as it includes areas to be used during construction, including marine working areas. Paragraph 2.3.5 of NPS EN-6 recognises that other elements may need to be located outside of the NPS site boundaries. The Power Station Site does not cover as much land as the Wylfa NPS Site, although it does extend into the marine environment. 4.3.4 As the SSA considered alternative sites for new nuclear power stations and led to NPS EN-6 identifying the Wylfa NPS site, it was not necessary for Horizon to consider alternative sites for the Power Station. 4.3.5 Chapter A5 (overarching environmental legislation, policy and guidance) (Application Reference Number: 6.1.5) provides more information on the National Policy Statements relevant to the Wylfa Newydd Project. 4.3.6 Chapter D2 (Application Reference Number: 6.4.2) describes the main components of the proposed Power Station within the Wylfa Newydd Development Area, including marine works, and explains how certain features, such as landscape elements, have been included in the design in order to mitigate potential environmental effects.
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4.4 Off-Site Power Station Facilities 4.4.1 Off-Site Power Station Facilities would be required as part of Horizon’s emergency planning arrangements in order to provide resilience against extreme events with very low probabilities. 4.4.2 The Off-Site Power Station Facilities consist of a Mobile Emergency Equipment Garage (MEEG), an Alternative Emergency Control Centre (AECC) and an Environmental Survey Laboratory (ESL). These facilities would be integral to the safe operation of the Power Station. 4.4.3 The AECC would provide back-up command and communications facilities that would be used to manage an incident at the Power Station Site in the extremely unlikely event that the primary facilities at the Power Station Site were not available. 4.4.4 The MEEG would enable the managed storage of vehicles and equipment for response during the extremely unlikely event that the primary facilities at the Power Station Site were not available. 4.4.5 The ESL would be required for normal operation of the Power Station and would provide facilities to manage environmental surveys in the local area, including equipment for the analysis of samples. 4.4.6 The ESL would be located on the same site as the MEEG and AECC, in order to reduce the required number of development sites, to reduce the overall volume of development with some sharing of facilities, and to take advantage of a previously developed site rather than a greenfield location. 4.4.7 The selected location for the Off-Site Power Station Facilities meets the locational criteria required by the Office of Nuclear Regulation, as outlined below: located at a point immediately adjacent to, and which provided straightforward access to, the main road network (A5025, A55, A5); located in an area upwind of the Power Station Site; located in a zone of low seismic activity; and located in a radius between 1.5km and 7.5km from the Power Station Site. 4.4.8 Two other potential sites were considered for the AECC and ESL, at Cefn Coch and Llanrhyddlad. However, these have been discounted in order for the Off-Site Power Station Facilities to be brought together with the MEEG on the single site at Llanfaethlu. 4.4.9 Further detail on the locational criteria and the site selection process is described in chapter E2 (Application Reference Number: 6.5.20) and the Off- Site Power Station Facilities Site Selection Report (Application Reference Number: 8.24.3). 4.5 Site Campus 4.5.1 Horizon’s approach to accommodating its construction workers seeks to avoid excess demand being placed on existing accommodation provision on
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Anglesey and disruption to local communities, while also attracting a productive workforce. As explained in chapter C1 (socio-economics) (Application Reference Number: 6.3.1), the construction workforce is anticipated to peak at around 8,500 workers. 4.5.2 Consideration has been given to whether it would be better to disperse workers across Anglesey or to locate them in a single location. This led to a decision that the environmental and social effects of the construction workforce on the local community would be best managed by providing a single, temporary, purpose-built campus as close as possible to the Power Station Site (called the Site Campus). This would reduce daily vehicle trips on the local road network as much as possible and would provide a single, managed site with the facilities required by workers, including leisure and healthcare, in one place. Chapter D2 (Application Reference Number: 6.4.2) provides more information on the alternative sites that were considered for temporary workers’ accommodation, with more detail in the Site Selection Report (Application Reference Number: 8.24.2). 4.5.3 The Site Campus would have capacity for up to 4,000 workers. Construction workers not staying at the Site Campus would stay in existing accommodation on Anglesey, in private-sector, rental-sector and tourism-sector properties. More detail on the proposed approach to temporary workers’ accommodation is provided in the Workforce Accommodation Strategy (Application Reference Number: 8.4). 4.5.4 Horizon considered two locations for the Site Campus within the Wylfa Newydd Development Area. The proposed location was chosen because it maximises the distance of the accommodation from the active construction site while avoiding constraints on construction activities. The Site Campus would not be directly adjacent to neighbouring communities and would be partially screened by new landscaping. 4.5.5 Chapter D1 (Application Reference Number: 6.4.1) provides more information on the layout of the Site Campus. 4.6 Transport
Integrated Traffic and Transport Strategy 4.6.1 An Integrated Traffic and Transport Strategy (ITTS) (Application Reference Number: 6.3.20) has been prepared for the Wylfa Newydd Project. Appendix 10-1 to the ITTS provides an assessment of alternative freight transport routes, including road, rail and by sea. The strategy covers both the construction and operation of the Wylfa Newydd Project and considers movements of workers and of materials. The strategy has five stated objectives, as follows: enhanced highway capacity and safety; integration with public transport services; improved transport links to the Power Station; encouraging sustainable travel; and
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reduced need to travel.
Overview of measures to improve transport 4.6.2 Approximately 5.5 million tonnes of materials would be transported to and from Anglesey during the construction phase to support the construction of the Power Station, Marine Works, other on-site development, Off-Site Power Station Facilities, and Associated Development. The Logistics Centre and the Marine Off-Loading Facility (MOLF) are proposed to reduce the potential number of delivery vehicles on the road network and to control the movement of those vehicles that remain necessary. 4.6.3 As an alternative to reliance on road transport for all deliveries of construction materials, the MOLF is proposed to enable deliveries of a significant proportion of construction materials by sea. 4.6.4 For construction workers, the provision of a Park and Ride and car share facilities; and the provision of the Site Campus would encourage sustainable travel and reduce the need to travel each day. 4.6.5 Workers would be given information about walking, cycling and public transport to help them to make sustainable travel choices during both construction and operation. For construction workers not living at the Site Campus, it is expected that car sharing and buses would be at the heart of workers’ daily routines, and a database would be made available to allow workers to find colleagues as close to their accommodation as possible. 4.6.6 The proposed A5025 Off-line Highway Improvements would deliver enhanced highway capacity and safety between Valley and the Power Station Access Road. 4.6.7 The proposed Logistics Centre would manage delivery vehicle movements to and from the Wylfa Newydd Development Area during construction Park and Ride 4.6.8 The Park and Ride facility at Dalar Hir is identified in the ITTS as a measure to mitigate transport-related effects during the construction of the Wylfa Newydd Project. 4.6.9 The Park and Ride facility would act as a transport hub and its location, immediately to the north-east of Junction 4 of the A55, would allow construction workers and other staff arriving from elsewhere on the island and from the mainland to transfer into shared cars before joining the A5025, thus reducing the number of vehicles travelling along the A5025. 4.6.10 The Park and Ride would be located on Anglesey rather than on the mainland because the majority of workers are expected to be based on Anglesey. For those workers living in the main towns on the mainland, such as Caernarfon and Bangor, direct bus services would be provided to the Wylfa Newydd Development Area. Horizon would also implement a car-sharing strategy to help minimise trips over the bridges. 4.6.11 The number of parking spaces required on Anglesey has been reduced from approximately 5,800 to approximately 3,800 as a result of the decision to
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provide accommodation for construction workers at the Site Campus rather than at alternative locations and through increased car-sharing. The number of spaces required at the Park and Ride has reduced from a potential 2,700 to the 1,900 now proposed, allowing more green space to be retained. 4.6.12 Chapters F1 (proposed development) and F2 (Application Reference Numbers: 6.6.1 and 6.6.2) describe the proposed Park and Ride facility, including information on how the site was selected and how the site layout has been designed, taking into account environmental considerations. Further information is provided in the Site Selection Report (Application Reference Number: 8.24.5) 4.6.13 In addition to the Park and Ride, Horizon propose to provide shuttle buses for home-based workers and workers in existing accommodation to and from the Wylfa Newydd Development Area, and to provide shuttle buses to and from key transport links at peak times.
A5025 Off-line Highway Improvements 4.6.14 Construction traffic would access the Wylfa Newydd Development Area via the A5025 from Valley. The proposed A5025 Off-line Highway Improvements, which would be provided in five locations, have been designed to mitigate the effects of those vehicle movements by diverting traffic around villages. 4.6.15 Chapters G1 (proposed development) and G2 (Application Reference Numbers: 6.7.1 and 6.7.2) describe the proposed A5025 Off-line Highway Improvements, including how they have been designed to take account of environmental considerations. Further information is provided in the Site Selection Report (Application Reference Number: 8.24.7) Logistics Centre 4.6.16 Materials transported by road would be controlled by means of a Logistics Centre, from where vehicle movements to the Wylfa Newydd Development Area would be managed in order to reduce congestion. In addition, suppliers would be required to consolidate loads in order to reduce the potential number of heavy goods vehicles using the road network. 4.6.17 The Logistics Centre would be sited close to the A55, in order to manage the controlled flow of vehicles along the A5025 to the Wylfa Newydd Development Area and so to reduce the potential for congestion. 4.6.18 Chapters H1 (proposed development) and H2 (Application Reference Numbers: 6.8.1 and 6.8.2) describe the proposed Logistics Centre and explain how environmental considerations have influenced its location, layout and use. Further information is provided in the Site Selection Report (Application Reference Number: 8.24.6).
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4.7 References Table A4-1 Schedule of references ID Reference RD1 Department of Energy and Climate Change. 2011a. Overarching National Policy Statement for Energy (EN-1). London: The Stationery Office. RD2 Department of Energy and Climate Change. 2011b. National Policy Statement for Nuclear Power Generation (EN-6). London: The Stationery Office.
Page A4–8 ENERGY WORKING FOR BRITAIN Horizon Internal DCRM Number: WN0902-JAC-PAC-CHT-00007
Wylfa Newydd Project A - Introduction to the project ES Volume 6.1.7 with - Consultation to the EIA A7 approach and environmental stakeholders June 2018 Revision 1.0 Regulation Number: 5(2)(a) Planning Act 2008 Infrastructure (Applications: Prescribed Planning 2009 Forms Regulations Procedure) and PINS Reference Number: EN010007 Application Reference Number: 6.1.7 [This page is intentionally blank]
Contents 7 Consultation with environmental stakeholders ...... 1 7.1 Introduction ...... 1 7.2 Pre-Application Consultation Stage One ...... 3 7.3 Pre-Application Consultation Stage Two ...... 3 7.4 Pre-Application Consultation Stage Three ...... 4 7.5 Consultation on additional land ...... 4 7.6 Other environmental stakeholder engagement ...... 5 Environmental Impact Assessment Progress Report ...... 5 Draft Environmental Statement ...... 5 Topic-specific stakeholder engagement ...... 5 7.7 References ...... 6
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Wylfa Newydd Power Station Chapter A7 Consultation with environmental Development Consent Order stakeholders
7 Consultation with environmental stakeholders 7.1 Introduction 7.1.1 This chapter describes the various consultation activities undertaken to help understand the potential environmental effects likely to arise from the Wylfa Newydd Project. 7.1.2 A comprehensive account of consultation activities undertaken and the feedback generated relating to the Wylfa Newydd Project overall is provided in the Consultation Report (Application Reference Number: 5.1) that accompanies this Environmental Statement as part of the application for development consent. The purpose of this chapter is to provide context for the Environmental Statement by highlighting those particular consultation activities that have helped shape the assessment work presented in this Environmental Statement. The topic chapters in volume B (introduction to the topics) (Application Reference Numbers: 6.2.2 to 6.2.16) of this Environmental Statement explain how the key issues raised through consultation have been addressed in the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA). 7.1.3 The Wylfa Newydd Project EIA has been undertaken in accordance with the advice presented in the Planning Inspectorate’s Advice Note Seven: Environmental Impact Assessment: Preliminary Environmental Information, Screening and Scoping [RD1], which gives guidance on EIA screening and scoping, and the role of Preliminary Environmental Information (PEI) in Pre- Application Consultation. 7.1.4 Chapter A5 (overarching environmental legislation, policy and guidance) (Application Reference Number: 6.1.5) of this Environmental Statement explains why the Wylfa Newydd Project requires an EIA. Chapter A6 (EIA Scoping Report and Addendum) (Application Reference Number: 6.1.6) provides information on the scoping process that has been followed to identify the issues to be addressed in the EIA. 7.1.5 PEI was produced in order to inform the three main stages of Pre-Application Consultation, as explained in the following sections of this chapter. 7.1.6 Table A7-1 shows how the advice relating to PEI in Advice Note Seven has been followed. Table A7-1 Advice relating to PEI in Advice Note Seven Advice Action taken Paragraphs 2.4-2.5: A good PEI document is one that PEI was provided at each of the three enables consultees (both main stages of Pre-Application specialist and non-specialist) to Consultation1 and for consultation on understand the likely additional land. This information
1 i.e. Pre-Application Consultation Stage One, Stage Two and Stage Three – please refer to sections 7.2, 7.3 and 7.4 of this chapter for further information
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Advice Action taken environmental effects of the accompanied a Main Consultation proposed development and helps Document and Consultation Overview to inform their consultation Document at each stage, in which responses on the proposed specific questions were asked in order development to gather information that could influence project decisions. The level of detail and type of the PEI was provided in Pre-Application PEI may vary depending on: Consultation Stage One and Pre- • at what stage in the design Application Consultation Stage Two, process the consultation is and each time was accompanied by a carried out; non-technical summary. • the target audience; and For Pre-Application Consultation Stage Three, the focus was on changes made • the complexity of the proposed to the Wylfa Newydd Project proposals development and the receiving since the previous stage. environment. Paragraph 2.6: Non-technical summaries of the PEI The information provided in the were provided for Pre-Application PEI should be accessible yet meet Consultation Stage One and - consultees’ different needs. Application Consultation Stage Two Applicants may find it useful to Pre, and summary tables were provide more than one version of produced in the Main Consultation PEI depending upon whom they Document for Pre-Application are consulting. Consultation Stage Three. There was also a Consultation Overview Document which provided a summary of the consultation information. Paragraph 2.8: Such explanations were provided in the The Planning Inspectorate PEI documents and the Main recommends that applicants Consultation Documents at the three clearly explain that the information main stages of the Pre-Application is ‘preliminary’; that the applicant Consultation process. is actively seeking their comments on this information; that there will be the opportunity for both the design of the proposed development; and the EIA to take into consideration any comments received through this consultation. Paragraph 2.9: Statutory consultees were provided Although applicants are not with the PEI at the three main stages of required to provide PEI when the Pre-Application Consultation undertaking their formal process. consultation, applicants are encouraged to provide PEI to enable the statutory consultees to
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Advice Action taken understand the environmental effects of the development and to inform the context of consultation. 7.1.7 The Department for Communities and Local Government’s Planning Act 2008: Guidance on the pre-application process [RD2] encourages applicants to give consultees as much information as possible on the characteristics of the proposed project, at the Pre-Application Consultation Stage(s). In terms of the information to be provided as PEI, [RD2] refers back to the advice contained in [RD1] rather than duplicating that advice. 7.2 Pre-Application Consultation Stage One 7.2.1 Pre-Application Consultation Stage One was undertaken in September 2014 with the aim of sharing information available at the time, asking questions, and promoting an open and ongoing dialogue with Horizon’s consultees, stakeholders and the community, at an early stage in the development of the Wylfa Newydd Project where feedback could reasonably influence design proposals. 7.2.2 In line with procedural requirements for Nationally Significant Infrastructure Projects, Pre-Application Consultation Stage One included a PEI Report, which was prepared in line with the Planning Inspectorate’s advice [RD1] to provide information to enable consultees to provide an informed response on the likely environmental effects of the development and associated development. This represented an interim stage in the environmental assessment of the evolving design. A non-technical summary of the PEI Report was also provided. 7.2.3 As part of this activity, Horizon also consulted key stakeholders on scoping reports for three supporting assessments, namely the Welsh Language Impact Assessment (Application Reference Number: 8.21), Health Impact Assessment (Application Reference Number: 8.19) and Sustainability Assessment (Application Reference Number: 8.17). 7.2.4 Chapters B2 to B16 (Application Reference Numbers: 6.2.2 to 6.2.16), which set out the technical basis for the topic assessments, provide further details on how key topic-specific issues raised in Pre-Application Consultation Stage One have been addressed in the Environmental Statement. 7.2.5 Details of the comments received from the Pre-Application Consultation Stage One and how Horizon has had regard to them are included in the Consultation Report (Application Reference Number: 5.1). 7.3 Pre-Application Consultation Stage Two 7.3.1 In September 2016, Horizon started Pre-Application Consultation Stage Two on updated proposals for the Wylfa Newydd Project. The consultation documents included a description of how the Wylfa Newydd Project had developed since Pre-Application Consultation Stage One, and how feedback from stakeholders had been taken into account.
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7.3.2 In line with the requirements for an application for development consent, the consultation documents included a further, detailed PEI Report to assist consultees in formulating their responses. The PEI Report presented preliminary details of the predicted likely environmental effects and mitigation measures for any adverse effects identified. 7.3.3 Consultation feedback was used to inform the ongoing development of the designs. 7.3.4 Chapters B2 to B16 (Application Reference Numbers: 6.2.2 to 6.2.16), which set out the technical basis for the topic assessments, provide further details on how key topic-specific issues raised in the Pre-Application Consultation Stage Two have been addressed in the Environmental Statement. 7.3.5 Details of the comments received from the Pre-Application Consultation Stage Two and how Horizon has had regard to them are included in the Consultation Report (Application Reference Number: 5.1). 7.4 Pre-Application Consultation Stage Three 7.4.1 In May 2017, Horizon began Pre-Application Consultation Stage Three, focussed on further updated proposals for the Wylfa Newydd Project. The consultation documents included information on the proposed changes to the Wylfa Newydd Project since Stage Two, including updated environmental information within the Main Consultation Document. The environmental information highlighted where Wylfa Newydd Project changes had led to anticipated differences in the significance of effects. 7.4.2 Chapters B2 to B16 (Application Reference Numbers: 6.2.2 to 6.2.16), which set out the technical basis for the topic assessments, provide further details on how key topic-specific issues raised in Pre-Application Consultation Stage Three have been addressed in the Environmental Statement. 7.4.3 Details of the comments received from the Pre-Application Consultation Stage Three and how Horizon has had regard to them are included in the Consultation Report (Application Reference Number: 5.1). 7.5 Consultation on additional land 7.5.1 Following the Stage Three Pre-Application Consultation, work progressed on the preparation of the Development Consent Order (DCO) application. As part of that exercise it was decided that the extent of the area within which the development authorised by the DCO may be constructed, operated and maintained (referred to as the Order Limits) needed to be amended to reflect additional land required for the Project. The extent of the land required to implement the A5025 Off-line Highway Improvements was also finalised and formed part of this consultation. This represented a continuation of the iterative design process and was influenced by a range of factors including consultation feedback, information emerging from the environmental impact assessment and commercial decisions. 7.5.2 The consultation on additional land was undertaken on a statutory basis between 16 January and 16 February 2018. This included consultation with
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prescribed consultees under s42(1)(a) of the Act; the relevant local authority under s42(1)(b) of the Act, and persons with an interest in land under s42(1)(d) of the Act. Community consultation under s47 of the Planning Act 2008 was undertaken and was focused on locations close to the additional land in respect of the following changes to the DCO application: • inclusion of the Ecological Compensation Sites within the DCO application; • confirmation of the Order Limits in respect of the A5025 Off-line Highway Improvements; and • changes to the Order Limits in respect of: - the Wylfa Newydd Development Area; - the Off-Site Power Station Facilities; and - the Logistics Centre 7.5.3 A Main Consultation Document (including Preliminary Environmental Information) and a Consultation Overview Document (bilingual) were used as the basis of the consultation. These documents were sent to prescribed consultees and IACC, and were made available online on Horizon’s consultation website and at libraries in Anglesey, Gwynedd and Conwy. Eight exhibition events were held in venues close to the proposed additional land. 7.6 Other environmental stakeholder engagement Environmental Impact Assessment Progress Report 7.6.1 In February and March 2016 (between Pre-Application Consultation Stage One and Pre-Application Consultation Stage Two), an EIA progress report was provided to the Isle of Anglesey County Council and Natural Resources Wales with updated information on the design development and associated environmental assessment. This report comprised an interim stage in the EIA process with the consultation feedback providing valuable information to feed into the design process prior to Pre-Application Consultation Stage Two. 7.6.2 Topic-specific key issues arising through consultation on the EIA progress report are identified in the topic chapters B2 to B16 (Application Reference Numbers: 6.2.2 to 6.2.16) of this Environmental Statement, together with information on the actions taken as a result.
Draft Environmental Statement 7.6.3 During September 2017, draft Environmental Statement chapters were provided to statutory and key non-statutory stakeholders. Key issues arising through this consultation are identified in the topic chapters B2 to B16 (Application Reference Numbers: 6.2.2 to 6.2.16) of this Environmental Statement, together with information on the actions taken as a result.
Topic-specific stakeholder engagement 7.6.4 In addition to the project-wide consultation described above, for each of the individual topics included in the scope of the EIA, key stakeholders have been
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consulted on specific issues. Regular meetings have been held from the outset in relation to baseline data gathering, the assessment methods used and the agreement of mitigation measures. 7.6.5 Consultation responses from the Isle of Anglesey County Council, Welsh Government, Natural Resources Wales and the National Trust have fed into the discussions at a series of focus groups. These groups enabled Horizon to take a structured approach to engaging with stakeholders. The focus groups covered the following issues: • economic development and supply chain; • jobs and skills; • transport and infrastructure; • housing and accommodation; • tourism; • environment; • Welsh language and culture; • Welsh Language Impact Assessment • health and wellbeing; and • Habitats Regulations Assessment. 7.6.6 Meetings have been held with stakeholders to discuss specific issues or designated sites, for example Tre’r Gof Site of Scientific Interest and Cestyll Garden. 7.6.7 Meetings have also been held with other developers, for example National Grid, to share information and discuss joint mitigation opportunities, with regard to their proposed application for a Development Consent Order for the North Wales Connections project. 7.6.8 Further information on topic-specific stakeholder engagement is provided in chapters B2 to B16 (Application Reference Numbers: 6.2.2 to 6.2.16) of this Environmental Statement and, in respect of Welsh language and culture, in the Welsh Language Impact Assessment (Application Reference Number: 8.21).
7.7 References Table A7-2 Schedule of references ID Reference RD1 The Planning Inspectorate. 2015. Advice Note Seven: Preliminary Environmental Information, Screening and Scoping. Version 5. Bristol: The Planning Inspectorate. RD2 Department for Communities and Local Government. 2015. Planning Act 2008: Guidance on the pre-application process. London: Department for Communities and Local Government.
Page A7–6 ENERGY WORKING FOR BRITAIN Horizon Internal DCRM Number: WN0902-JAC-PAC-CHT-00010
Wylfa Newydd Project Introduction B - to the ES6.2.1 Volume environmental assessments B1 - Introduction to the assessment process June 2018 Revision 1.0 Regulation Number: 5(2)(a) Planning Act 2008 Infrastructure (Applications: Prescribed Planning 2009 Forms Regulations Procedure) and PINS Reference Number: EN010007 Application Reference Number: 6.2.1 [This page is intentionally blank]
Contents 1 Introduction to the assessment process ...... 1 1.1 Introduction ...... 1 1.2 Screening ...... 3 1.3 Scoping ...... 3 1.4 Environmental assessment ...... 5 Describing existing environmental conditions ...... 5 Spatial and temporal scope ...... 6 Rochdale Envelope and worst case scenario ...... 7 Uncertainty and limitations ...... 9 Prediction and evaluation of effects ...... 9 Significance of environmental effects ...... 10 Magnitude of change ...... 11 Mitigation ...... 14 Cumulative effects ...... 19 Form of Environmental Statement ...... 20 Transboundary effects ...... 23 Climate change ...... 24 Welsh Language ...... 25 1.5 Qualifications of specialists ...... 27 1.6 References ...... 31
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Wylfa Newydd Power Station Chapter B1 Introduction to the assessment process Development Consent Order
1 Introduction to the assessment process 1.1 Introduction This chapter sets out the overall assessment principles that have been followed for the Wylfa Newydd Project Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA). Topic-specific assessment methods are described within this Environmental Statement in the following chapters: • B2 (socio-economics) (Application Reference Number: 6.2.2); • B3 (traffic and transport) (Application Reference Number: 6.2.3); • B4 (public access and recreation) (Application Reference Number: 6.2.4); • B5 (air quality) (Application Reference Number: 6.2.5); • B6 (noise and vibration) (Application Reference Number: 6.2.6); • B7 (soils and geology) (Application Reference Number: 6.2.7); • B8 (surface water and groundwater) (Application Reference Number: 6.2.8); • B9 (terrestrial and freshwater ecology) (Application Reference Number: 6.2.9); • B10 (landscape and visual) (Application Reference Number: 6.2.10); • B11 (cultural heritage) (Application Reference Number: 6.2.11); • B12 (coastal processes and coastal geomorphology) (Application Reference Number: 6.2.12); • B13 (marine environment) (Application Reference Number: 6.2.13); • B14 (radiological effects) (Application Reference Number: 6.2.14); • B15 (shipping and navigation) (Application Reference Number: 6.2.15); and • B16 (waste and materials management) (Application Reference Number: 6.2.16). Each method follows the assessment principles set out in this chapter as far as possible, and all are broadly similar to each other, although particular differences and the reasons for them are set out in chapters B2 to B16 (Application Reference Numbers: 6.2.2 to 6.2.16). This chapter relates to the EIA only. There are a number of other supporting assessments accompanying the Development Consent Order (DCO) application and those have followed the methods set out in their respective standalone assessment reports. Those assessments are the Welsh Language Impact Assessment (WLIA) (Application Reference Number: 8.21), Health Impact Assessment (Application Reference Number: 8.19), Equality Impact Assessment (Application Reference Number: 8.22) and Shadow Habitats Regulations Assessment (Application Reference Number: 5.2).
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The EIA has been undertaken by suitably qualified and experienced specialists, as listed in section 1.5 of this chapter. This chapter outlines the following: • the process followed to determine the scope of the EIA; • the overall method used to establish the existing environmental conditions or 'baseline'; • the way in which environmental effects are predicted; • the method by which the magnitude of impact and significance of environmental effects are assessed; • the process used to avoid, reduce or mitigate environmental effects; • the reporting of residual effects; and • the methods used to assess cumulative effects. Broadly, the EIA process can be described as "the process of identifying, predicting, evaluating and mitigating the biophysical, social, and other relevant effects of development proposals prior to major decisions being taken and commitments made" [RD1]. This involves the following steps, underpinned by stakeholder consultation: • screening; • scoping; • environmental assessment; • reporting; • decision making; and • mitigation and monitoring. The EIA process is intended to provide a tool to inform better design, help decision making and protect the environment. Figure B1-1 illustrates the EIA process.
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Figure B1-1 The EIA process
1.2 Screening The construction and operation of a Nuclear Power Station is an Annex 1 project under Directive 2011/92/EU on the assessment of the effects of certain public and private projects on the environment (the EIA Directive). All Annex 1 projects require a formal, statutory EIA, and for this reason it was not necessary to seek a formal screening opinion for the Wylfa Newydd Project. 1.3 Scoping This Environmental Statement is being submitted in accordance with the Infrastructure Planning (Environmental Impact Assessment) Regulations 2009 as amended (the EIA Regulations) and the Marine Works (Environmental Impact Assessment) Regulations 2007. These two sets of Regulations specify the information required to be included in an Environmental Statement. In accordance with these requirements, this Environmental Statement provides the following:
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• a description of the Wylfa Newydd Project, including the Power Station Site, Off-Site Power Station Facilities and Associated Developments; land-use requirements during construction and operation; and estimates by type and quantity of any emissions arising from the developments; • an outline of the need for the scheme, including alternatives considered and the main reasons for the choice of the preferred scheme, taking into account environmental effects; • a description of the aspects of the environment likely to be significantly affected by the Wylfa Newydd Project; • a description of the likely significant effects of the Wylfa Newydd Project on the environment, including direct and indirect; secondary; cumulative; short-, medium- and long-term; permanent and temporary; positive and negative effects, and a description of the forecasting methods used to assess the effects on the environment; • a description of the measures envisaged to prevent, reduce and, where possible, offset any significant adverse effects on the environment; • an indication of any difficulties encountered in compiling the required information; and • a non-technical summary of the above information. An underlying principle of the EIA process is that it should be proportionate and concentrate on those environmental issues where the effects associated with a development proposal have the potential to be significant. A scoping process has been undertaken in order to identify the issues to be included. The scoping process for the Wylfa Newydd Project involved: • a review of available documentation relating to the existing environment; • consultation with statutory and non-statutory agencies and other environmental bodies, with knowledge of Wylfa Newydd Development Area, Off-Site Power Station Facility location, Associated Development sites and surrounding areas; • undertaking preliminary desk-based and site-based appraisals and surveys; • considering the construction, operation and decommissioning of the Wylfa Newydd Project proposals and their potential to cause environmental effects; and • submitting a request for a Scoping Opinion from the Planning Inspectorate, accompanied by a Scoping Report in May 2016 [RD2] and then by an Addendum to the Scoping Report in May 2017 [RD3]. A Scoping Opinion [RD4] was received from the Planning Inspectorate in June 2016, supplemented by a further Scoping Opinion in response to the Addendum to the Scoping Report, received in June 2017 [RD5]. Those opinions inform the approach to the EIA.
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The Addendum to the Scoping Report covered the requirements of both the Infrastructure Planning (Environmental Impact Assessment) Regulations 2009 as amended (the EIA Regulations) and the Marine Works (Environmental Impact Assessment) Regulations 2007. In this volume the chapters B2 to B16 (Application Reference Numbers: 6.2.2 to 6.2.16) provides an overview of material issues raised in the Scoping Opinion and identifies how these have been considered within this Environmental Statement. 1.4 Environmental assessment Describing existing environmental conditions As part of the EIA process, the existing environmental conditions that may be affected by the Wylfa Newydd Project have been identified. This provides a 'baseline' against which changes potentially caused by the development can be compared. Establishing the environmental baseline for the Wylfa Newydd Project involved identifying both the present and likely future state of the environment (known as the ‘future baseline’) for a scenario in which the Wylfa Newydd Project does not proceed. The future baseline takes into account predicted changes from natural events and trends; and human activities not related to the Wylfa Newydd Project. For traffic-related effects, which are assessed on a project-wide basis in volume C (Application Reference Numbers: 6.3.1 to 6.3.7), the traffic model has identified future baseline conditions in the following assessment years: • The opening year of the A5025 Off-line Highway Improvements (2020); • Peak construction (2023); and • Peak operation (2033). These future baseline years were identified on the basis of an assumed programme for DCO examination, and although there is now slippage in this programme, it does not affect the conclusions of the assessment presented in this ES. The future baseline years in the traffic model take into account both background trends in traffic growth and specific increases in traffic expected to result from identified third-party projects (known as committed developments). Assessment years vary between individual developments because they would each be constructed, operated and decommissioned at different times. An overall construction timeline is provided in chapter A2 (project overview and introduction to the developments) (Application Reference Number: 6.1.2), and further details of the construction, operation and decommissioning of each of the developments are provided in the proposed development chapters D1 (Application Reference Number: 6.4.1), E1 (Application Reference Number: 6.5.1), F1 (Application Reference Number: 6.6.1), G1 (Application Reference Number: 6.7.1) and H1 (Application Reference Number: 6.8.1).
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Some individual topics identify additional assessment years, when particular effects would be expected. For example, the assessment years for landscape and visual effects include the 15th year after construction, when landscape planting would be expected to have matured. Similarly, noise and vibration effects are assessed for particular peaks in construction activity. More details on topic-specific assessment methods are set out in chapters B2 to B16 (Application Reference Numbers: 6.2.2 to 6.2.16). Predicted future baseline conditions in the assessment years are often similar to the existing baseline conditions. However, should the future baseline conditions in any assessment year be expected to vary from the existing conditions for any particular reason, that is explained in the topic chapters in volumes C to H (Application Reference Numbers: 6.3.1 to 6.8.12). For the purposes of the EIA, the baseline year has generally been taken as 2015 unless otherwise indicated for any specific issue reported in this ES. The methods used to identify baseline conditions are specified in chapters B2 to B16 (Application Reference Numbers: 6.2.2 to 6.2.16) of this Environmental Statement, and include: • desk-based reviews of available data, such as current and historical records and environmental reports; • data provided on request from environmental and other organisations; • site visits and surveys; and • consultation with the public and statutory and non-statutory organisations. A traffic model has been developed for the entire highway network likely to be affected by the construction, operation and decommissioning (where relevant) of the Wylfa Newydd Project. This is discussed further in chapter B3 (Application Reference Number: 6.2.3) of this Environmental Statement.
Spatial and temporal scope The study area for each environmental topic is dependent on the particular requirements of each topic’s own assessment methodology, as described in chapters B2 to B16 (Application Reference Numbers: 6.2.2 to 6.2.16) of this Environmental Statement. The extent of each study area, for each topic at each development site, is described in the topic chapters in volumes C to H (Application Reference Numbers: 6.3.1 to 6.8.12) of this Environmental Statement. In each case, the study area reflects the geographic area over which relevant significant effects may potentially arise, including any potential for transboundary effects. The temporal scope of the assessment is based on the duration of Wylfa Newydd Project activities, through construction, operation and decommissioning. For a number of topics, assessments are linked to particular years within the Wylfa Newydd Project programme, for example, the peak construction year, peak operation, or the future year when landscape planting would have matured. Where appropriate, further details of the
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assessment years are described in chapters B2 to B16 (Application Reference Numbers: 6.2.2 to 6.2.16) of this Environmental Statement.
Rochdale Envelope and worst case scenario The EIA for the Wylfa Newydd Project uses what is termed as a ‘Rochdale Envelope’ or parameter approach. This approach, established by UK planning case law, involves broadly defining the project (or elements of it) but limiting it by a number of clearly defined, fixed parameters. Paragraphs 109 to 113 of the Department for Communities and Local Government’s Planning Act 2008: Guidance on the Pre-application Process [RD6] relate to flexibility and the ‘Rochdale Envelope’. • “It is expected that draft orders submitted will generally closely reflect the actual final development. However, there may be times where a degree of flexibility is required…” (Paragraph 110). • “The principles of the Rochdale Envelope are that where there are clear reasons why it would not be possible to define a project fully in the short term (thereby delaying significantly submission of an application), then an applicant should be afforded a degree of flexibility, within clearly defined and reasonable parameters. These parameters should be no greater than the minimum range required to deliver the project effectively and applicants will have to justify these parameters to the Secretary of State…” (Paragraph 111). • “The use of the Rochdale Envelope approach does not remove the onus on applicants to submit as detailed as possible project proposals in their application and it should certainly not be an excuse for an unnecessary degree of flexibility”. (Paragraph 112). The approach is frequently used in EIAs, and both the Overarching National Policy Statement for Energy (EN-1) [RD7] and the Planning Inspectorate’s Advice note nine: Rochdale Envelope [RD8] outline the approach under which design uncertainty can be assessed in accordance with the requirements of the EIA Regulations by using a Rochdale Envelope approach The Planning Inspectorates’ Advice note nine: Rochdale Envelope [RD8] states that the application needs to include ‘sufficient information to enable ‘the main,’ or the ‘likely significant’ effects on the environment to be assessed…., and the mitigation measures to be described. Any proposed scheme parameters should therefore not be so wide ranging as to represent effectively different schemes’. In defining a Rochdale Envelope, a series of parameters of a project (in terms of activities to be undertaken and the spatial and temporal scope of the proposed development) are established to be used for the assessment of significant effects. The maximum extents of these parameters are often termed the ‘worst case scenario’. The detailed design and construction methodology of a project can subsequently be modified within this parameter ‘envelope’ without rendering its EIA inadequate.
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A parameter based approach is deemed appropriate for the construction and operation of the Wylfa Newydd Project in order to provide sufficient flexibility to manage the inevitable change through the Generic Design Assessment (GDA), the Nuclear Site Licence and design development processes. Maximum and minimum parameters (such as limits on height and location of buildings) would be set by the DCO requirements in order to keep the development within a defined envelope. The parameters are constrained within the following: • Order Limit Plans: these identify the Order Limits for the development to be authorised • Works Plans (Application Reference Number: 2.3): these identify the limits of deviation for, and location of each work package (or ‘work area’). • Schedule of Works: this outlines the works that could theoretically take place within each works area, as identified on the Works Plans. • Parameter Plans: these identify the zones within which buildings, structures, and works identified in ‘parameter tables’ must be located. They provide an additional layer of restriction by further controlling where construction of certain elements can take place within the limits of deviation in the Works Plans. • Parameter tables: these identify maximum and minimum building dimensions and where relevant final construction platform levels, dredging depths and volumes. The Construction Method Statement (for the Wylfa Newydd Development Area) and the construction section of E1 (Application Reference Number: 6.5.1), F1 (Application Reference Number: 6.6.1), G1 (Application Reference Number: 6.7.1) and H1 (Application Reference Number: 6.8.1) provide the basis for the assessment of the construction of the Wylfa Newydd Project. Parameters are set by fixed limits (e.g. working hours) or maximum limits (e.g. HGV movements per hour), and where relevant, assumptions are made in order to establish a worst case. For the Wylfa Newydd Project, the parameters are set out in the Proposed Development chapters D1 (Application Reference Number: 6.4.1), E1 (Application Reference Number: 6.5.1), F1 (Application Reference Number: 6.6.1), G1 (Application Reference Number: 6.7.1) and H1 (Application Reference Number: 6.8.1). Any assumptions on construction methodology are set out in the relevant topic assessment chapters. The EIA has been based on these parameters and assumptions. Some elements of the Wylfa Newydd Project are largely fixed for consenting purposes (e.g. the location of the nuclear reactors), while other buildings, structures, works and construction methodology are restricted through application of the parameters. These parameters have been informed by the potential to create adverse environmental effects. For example, for those buildings where the location is sensitive in terms of EIA, e.g. because there is a stack emission on the building, the location has been limited to relatively modest limits of deviation.
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For each assessment topic, the sensitivity to change within the parameters may vary. For example, variation in the proposed height of a building may alter an effect on visual amenity, but it would not alter land take. Where the identified parameters have a bearing on the assessment of effects, a worst case scenario has been assessed. In order to identify a worst case scenario, each discipline has examined the parameters to identify key determining factors for the assessment and, where required, carried out sensitivity testing in order to support a worst case assessment.
Uncertainty and limitations Uncertainty with respect to the impact of design modifications on the assessment of environmental effects is addressed through the Rochdale Envelope approach described above. To identify the worst case to be assessed, where relevant, individual topics carry out some sensitivity testing based on potential design changes within the Rochdale Envelope. In addition, where appropriate, sensitivity testing is carried out on model input data, for example by testing different meteorological data sets as inputs to the air quality model. Any limitations with respect to each topic assessment are outlined in chapters B2 to B16 (Application Reference Numbers: 6.2.2 to 6.2.16). Decommissioning of the Wylfa Newydd Power Station and Off-Site Power Station Facilities has been assessed at a qualitative level only as decommissioning activities are not anticipated to commence for another 60 years or more and would require a further EIA under the Nuclear Reactors (Environmental Impact Assessment for decommissioning) Regulations 1999 (as amended). Baseline conditions and the technologies of that time would be used to assess the decommissioning process. It is not intended that the A5025 Off-line Highway Improvements would be decommissioned and hence the scope of the EIA for that development excludes decommissioning. Decommissioning of the other Associated Developments has been considered. Chapter A2 (Application Reference Number: 6.1.2) explains what these Associated Developments are.
Prediction and evaluation of effects Prediction and evaluation of effects is a key step in the EIA process. It is the process of bringing together an understanding of project specifications and the baseline environmental characteristics to ensure that all potentially significant environmental effects of the Wylfa Newydd Project, whether beneficial (positive) or adverse (negative), are identified and assessed. The potential effects are assessed across all stages of the Wylfa Newydd Project’s lifecycle, i.e. construction, operation and decommissioning (subject to the limitations identified above). Effects are assessed against the relevant future baseline conditions, as described under the heading ‘describing existing environmental conditions’ earlier in this chapter.
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Some effects are also assessed against particular standards or limits, where they exist, for example in relation to air quality and water quality.
Significance of environmental effects EIA is based on determining the significance of an effect, having regard for the value or sensitivity of the baseline conditions and the magnitude of the potential change or impact. The general process followed in this EIA is described below. Where variations in approach are appropriate for particular environmental topics, those variations are explained in chapters B2 to B16 (Application Reference Numbers: 6.2.2 to 6.2.16) of this Environmental Statement. Effects may be direct or indirect; secondary; cumulative; adverse or beneficial; permanent or temporary; and short-, medium- or long-term. These terms are used to describe the nature of effects, to provide the context within which the significance of effects can be understood. The criteria used to differentiate between temporary and permanent, and between short, medium and long- term effects, vary between topics and are explained, where relevant, in chapters B2 to B16 (Application Reference Numbers: 6.2.2 to 6.2.16) of this Environmental Statement. The EIA Regulations require that an EIA describes the likely significant effects of a project on the environment; however, they do not provide a specific definition of significance. The Institute of Environmental Management and Assessment (IEMA) [RD10] suggests that the assessment of significance should be based on the characteristics of the effect and the sensitivity of the receptor, and notes that the evaluation of significance may be based upon one or more of the following: • comparison with regulations or standards; • reference to criteria such as protected species, protected sites, landscapes, etc.; • consultation with stakeholders and decision makers; • compliance with policy (or plan) objectives; • comparison with experience on similar projects elsewhere; and • experience and professional judgement of the specialist assessor. The IEMA Special Report – The State of EIA Practice in the UK [RD9] notes that EIA documentation does not tend to discuss significance in absolute terms; instead, assessment findings are often defined with reference to different classes of significance. The IEMA states that this approach is considered good practice, as it aids communication of the scale of the effect by introducing a classification. It is also important to provide clarity in the assessment of where an effect is not considered significant. For the Wylfa Newydd Project, the significance of effects reported in this Environmental Statement has been established with reference to the following: • the importance or value of affected resources;
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• the number and sensitivity of affected receptors; • the magnitude of change from the baseline condition; • the duration, frequency and extent of effect; and • the reversibility of effect.
Value or sensitivity of receptors The baseline studies for each topic have enabled identification of receptors that could potentially be affected and for each receptor to be assigned a value or sensitivity. Table B1-1 sets out generic criteria for determining the value or sensitivity of receptors. These have been used as guidance for determining topic-specific criteria. For some receptors, the criteria in table B1-1 may suggest that more than one value may apply. A precautionary approach has therefore been taken in applying these criteria for each topic assessment, using the professional judgement of the expert undertaking the assessment. More details of the specific criteria used for each environmental topic are provided in chapters B2 to B16 (Application Reference Numbers: 6.2.2 to 6.2.16). Table B1-1 General criteria for determining the value/sensitivity of receptors Value/sensitivity General criteria High Of value, importance or rarity on a national scale, and with very limited potential for substitution; and/or Very sensitive to change, or has little capacity to accommodate a change. Medium Of value, importance or rarity on a regional scale, and with limited potential for substitution; and/or Moderate sensitivity to change, or moderate capacity to accommodate a change. Low Of value, importance or rarity on a local scale; and/or Not particularly sensitive to change, or has considerable capacity to accommodate a change. Negligible Of value, importance or rarity on a very local scale; and/or Not sensitive to change, or has very considerable capacity to accommodate a change.
Magnitude of change The magnitude of change, or ‘impact’, measures the scale or extent of the change from the baseline conditions, irrespective of the value or sensitivity of the affected receptor(s). In determining magnitude, the extent of the physical change is considered in the context of other factors such as existing long- term trends. The magnitude of some changes will alter over time, and, in such cases, the assessment has taken account of this temporal variation.
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Table B1-2 shows the generic criteria used in the Wylfa Newydd Project EIA to determine magnitude of change, whether beneficial or adverse. Table B1-2 General criteria for determining magnitude of change Magnitude General criteria Large Loss of resource or quality and integrity of resource; severe damage to key characteristics, features or elements; or Large scale or major improvement of resources quality; extensive restoration or enhancement; major improvement of attribute quality. Medium Loss of resource, but not adversely affecting its integrity; partial loss of or damage to key characteristics, features or elements; or Benefit to, or addition of, key characteristics, features or elements; improvements of attribute quality. Small Some measurable change in attributes, quality or vulnerability; minor loss of, or alteration to, one or more key characteristic, feature or element; or Minor benefit to, or addition of, one or more key characteristic, feature or element; some beneficial effect on attribute or a reduced risk of negative effect occurring. Negligible Very minor loss or detrimental alteration to one or more characteristic, feature or element; or Very minor benefit to, or positive addition of, one or more characteristic, feature or element.
Determination of significance For the Wylfa Newydd Project EIA, the general approach adopted is to consider that an environmental effect may be significant if, in the professional judgement of the expert undertaking the assessment, it would meet at least one of the following criteria: • it leads to an exceedance of defined guidelines or widely recognised levels of acceptable change (which will be different for different topics within the EIA); • it is likely that the Examiner would reasonably consider applying a requirement to the development consent or other legal agreement to require specific mitigation to reduce or overcome the effect; • it threatens or enhances the viability or integrity of a receptor or receptor group of concern; or • it is likely to be material to the ultimate decision about whether or not the application for development consent should be approved.
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For the Wylfa Newydd Project EIA, the assessment of the degree of significance of an effect is determined through professional judgement, guided where appropriate by the matrix shown in figure B1-2, developed from IEMA guidance [RD10]. The degree of significance is influenced by the value or sensitivity of a receptor and the magnitude of the predicted change from the baseline condition. Degrees of significance are described on a scale from 'negligible' to 'major', with intermediate terms of 'minor' and 'moderate'. The assessments of both magnitude of change and significance of effect use quantitative information where appropriate. Information on the specific criteria used is provided in chapters B2 to B16 (Application Reference Numbers: 6.2.2 to 6.2.16) of this Environmental Statement.
Figure B1-2 Guide to significance scale Figure B1-2 is used as a guide only, with the principal basis for the assessment being the professional judgement of the expert undertaking the assessment. Therefore, it is possible to moderate the significance rating up or down the scale where the assessor considers it to be appropriate, in accordance with their professional judgement, bearing in mind also the significance criteria listed above and any relevant quantitative criteria. Any such modification is explained, together with reasons, in the individual topic assessment chapters reported in volumes C to H (Application Reference Numbers: 6.3.1 to 6.8.12) of this Environmental Statement.
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Where there are deviations from this approach (e.g. to have regard for published industry guidance for specific topics or parameters), this is explained in the relevant methodology descriptions presented in chapters B2 to B16 (Application Reference Numbers: 6.2.2 to 6.2.16) of this Environmental Statement. For the purposes of the Wylfa Newydd Project EIA, an effect is considered to be 'significant' with respect to the EIA Regulations if it is identified to have 'major' or 'moderate' degree of significance, having regard for the approach set out in this section, above. Volume G (Application Reference Numbers: 6.7.1 to 6.7.48) of this Environmental Statement relates to the A5025 Off-line Highway Improvements. The methodology applied in that volume is slightly different from the other volumes because specific guidance for highways projects has been followed. This is explained in more detail in each of the affected topic chapters in volume B (Application Reference Numbers: 6.2.1 to 6.2.16).
Mitigation The term ‘mitigation’ is used to describe measures used to prevent or reduce adverse environmental effects. Three types of mitigation have been considered in the Wylfa Newydd Project EIA as follows: embedded mitigation, good practice mitigation and additional mitigation. The term 'embedded mitigation' includes all those measures to avoid or reduce environmental effects that are directly incorporated into the design of the development (for example, the provision of a Park and Ride to reduce the number of potential vehicle movements along the A5025). ‘Good practice mitigation’ contains measures that would occur with or without input from EIA feeding into the design process (for example, mitigation that represents established industry practice or would be undertaken to meet existing legal compliance). These measures would be secured legally through the DCO, Marine Licence or other legal agreement. ‘Additional mitigation' measures are measures that have been identified through the EIA process to further reduce environmental effects (for example, translocation of fauna to a safe area). Additional mitigation would be secured as DCO requirements or other statutory agreements. The initial assessments of magnitude of change and potential significance of effects reported within the assessment of effects section of each topic chapter take account of embedded mitigation and good practice mitigation. Good practice mitigation measures, such as mitigating noisy activities by conducting all construction work in accordance with good practice guidance, would in this instance be secured by a DCO requirement stating that Horizon shall comply with the Wylfa Newydd Code of Construction Practice (CoCP) (Application Reference Number: 8.6) that sets out a noise management strategy including measures such as switching off plant and equipment when
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it is not in use for longer periods of time, the use of temporary noise screens around particularly noisy activities, and regular plant maintenance. Where a commitment has been made by Horizon to implement additional mitigation to reduce potentially significant effects identified from the initial assessment, a further iteration to assess significance of effects is carried out and the remaining effects (known as ‘residual effects’) are evaluated. Additional mitigation relating to construction activities, for example the management protocols for the protection of marine mammals from noise disturbance, will be incorporated within the Wylfa Newydd CoCP (Application Reference Number: 8.6), and secured as described above. In addition to the Wylfa Newydd CoCP (Application Reference Number: 8.6), discrete additional mitigation measures, such as the provision of noise insulation at certain residential properties would be subject to commitment by a DCO requirement or a Section 106 agreement. Residual effects are those effects that remain after all three forms of mitigation have been factored into the assessment. This approach allows topic assessments to be based on a realistic scenario as a starting point before identifying the need for further mitigation. This approach reflects IEMA guidance [RD11], which describes ‘primary’ mitigation (described as ‘embedded’ mitigation in this Environmental Statement), ‘secondary’ mitigation (described as ‘additional mitigation’ in this Environmental Statement) and ‘tertiary' mitigation (described as ‘good practice’ mitigation in this Environmental Statement. Figure B1-3 illustrates the relationship between the three types of mitigation and how they are factored into the assessment process.
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Figure B1-3 Embedded, good practice and additional mitigation
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EIA guidance [RD10] considers mitigation as a hierarchy of measures ranging from prevention of environmental effects by avoidance, to measures to provide opportunities for environmental enhancement: • avoidance; • reduction; • compensation; • remediation; and • enhancement. For the purposes of this EIA, compensation measures are not regarded as true mitigation measures, because they do not avoid or reduce effects, but they may be considered as a last resort to offset effects that cannot be mitigated in other ways.
Cumulative effects Cumulative effects can potentially occur when the effects of multiple developments within one project, or of multiple projects, combine to increase the effects experienced by a receptor. Cumulative effects are distinguished from combined topic effects which are defined for the Wylfa Newydd Project EIA as follows: Combined topic effects (otherwise known as ‘intra-development effects’): when a single receptor is affected by more than one effect from the same development, for example, noise, air and visual effects from the Wylfa Newydd Power Station all affecting the same residential receptor. Combined topic effects are reported in chapters C7 (Application Reference Numbers: 6.3.7), D16 (Application Reference Numbers: 6.4.16), E12 (Application Reference Numbers: 6.5.12), F12 (Application Reference Numbers: 6.6.12), G12 (Application Reference Numbers: 6.7.12) and H12 (Application Reference Numbers: 6.8.12). Where combined topic effects result from multiple individual effects relating to just one topic, an assessment of the significance of the combined topic effect is provided in the chapters noted above, and the approach to assessing that significance uses the same criteria as are used for the individual effects in the relevant topic chapter. However, where combined topic effects are the result of effects reported in different topic chapters, the assessment is descriptive only. For the Wylfa Newydd Project, the following terminology has been adopted to describe cumulative effects: • Intra-project cumulative effects: when a single receptor is affected by impacts from different component developments of the Wylfa Newydd Project, for example, a receptor affected by the A5025 improvements as well as the Wylfa Newydd Power Station.
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• Inter-project cumulative effects: when a single receptor is affected by effects from more than one project, for example, a receptor affected by the Wylfa Newydd Project and other infrastructure development projects for which planning consent is currently being sought by proponents other than Horizon. The Wylfa Newydd Project EIA has regard for the potential for both additive and combined (or interactive) cumulative effects to occur on environmental resources and receptors. These terms are explained below. • Additive effects: when a receptor experiences two effects of the same type, which add up to a larger and potentially more significant effect. • Combined effects: when a receptor experiences two effects of different types (for example a noise effect and a visual effect). The combined effect may be greater than the simple sum of its parts. With both additive and combined effects, individual effects on a receptor may not be significant when considered in isolation, but when considered together with other effects on the receptor, the resultant cumulative effect could be significant. The cumulative effects assessment reported in volume I (Application Reference Numbers: 6.4.56 to 6.9.14) of this Environmental Statement considers additive and combined effects from both intra-project and inter- project interactions.
Form of Environmental Statement There is no statutory provision as to the form of an Environmental Statement. However, it must contain the types of information specified in Schedule 4 of the Infrastructure Planning (Environmental Impact Assessment) Regulations 2009 and in Schedule 3 of the Marine Works (Environmental Impact Assessment) Regulations 2007, to the extent reasonably required to assess the effects of the development and to which the applicant can reasonably be required to compile. Table B1-3 lists the information to be included in an Environmental Statement as is reasonably required and where it can be found in this document. Table B1-3 Information to be included in the Environmental Statement Location in this Environmental EIA Regulations: Schedule 4, Part 1 Statement “17. Description of the [Wylfa • Chapters A2 (Application Newydd Project] Reference Number: 6.1.2), D1 (a) a description of the physical (Application Reference Number: characteristics of the whole 6.4.1), E1 (Application Reference development and the land-use Number: 6.5.1), F1 (Application requirements during the Reference Number: 6.6.1), G1 construction and operational (Application Reference Number: phases; 6.7.1) and H1 (Application Reference Number: 6.8.1) describe the Wylfa Newydd
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Location in this Environmental EIA Regulations: Schedule 4, Part 1 Statement (b) a description of the main Project and the developments characteristics of the production within the Wylfa Newydd Project. processes, for instance, nature and • Chapter C6 (waste and materials quantity of the materials used; and management) (Application (c) an estimate, by type and Reference Number: 6.3.6). quantity, of expected residues and • Emissions are identified in topic emissions (water, air and soil chapters in volumes C to H pollution, noise, vibration, light, heat, (Application Reference Numbers: radiation, etc) resulting from the 6.3.1 to 6.8.12). operation of the proposed development.” “18. An outline of the main Alternatives and design evolution alternatives studied … and an chapters A2 (Application Reference indication of the main reasons for Number: 6.1.2), D2 (Application the applicant’s choice, taking into Reference Number: 6.4.2), E2 account the environmental effects.” (Application Reference Number: 6.5.2), F2 (Application Reference Number: 6.6.2), G2 (Application Reference Number: 6.7.2) and H2 (Application Reference Number: 6.8.2). “19. A description of the aspects of Baseline information is provided in the environment likely to be the topic chapters in volumes C to H significantly affected by the (Application Reference Numbers: development, including, in 6.3.1 to 6.8.12). particular, population, fauna, flora, soil, water, air, climatic factors, material assets, including the architectural and archaeological heritage, landscape and the inter- relationship between the above factors.” “20. A description of the likely The significance of effects is significant effects of the described in the topic chapters in development on the environment, volumes C to H (Application which should cover the direct effects Reference Numbers: 6.3.1 to 6.8.12) and any indirect, secondary, and in the cumulative effects cumulative, short, medium and long- assessment in volume I (Application term, permanent and temporary, Reference Numbers: 6.9.1 to 6.9.14). positive and negative effects of the development, resulting from: The forecasting methods used are (a) the existence of the described in volume B (Application development; Reference Numbers: 6.2.1 to 6.2.16). (b) the use of natural resources;
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Location in this Environmental EIA Regulations: Schedule 4, Part 1 Statement (c) the emission of pollutants, the creation of nuisances and the elimination of waste, and the description by the applicant of the forecasting methods used to assess the effects on the environment.” “21. A description of the measures Additional mitigation is described in envisaged to prevent, reduce and the topic chapters in volumes C to H where possible offset any significant (Application Reference Numbers: adverse effects on the 6.3.1 to 6.8.12). environment.” “22. A Non-Technical Summary of A Non-Technical Summary of this the information provided under Environmental Statement is available paragraphs 1 to 5 of this Part.” (Application Reference Number: 6.11). “23. An indication of any difficulties Limitations are described in chapters (technical deficiencies or lack of B2 to B16 (Application Reference know-how) encountered by the Numbers: 6.2.2 to 6.2.16). applicant in compiling the required information.” The Infrastructure Planning (Environmental Impact Assessment) Regulations 2017 came into effect for certain developments in May 2017. The 2017 EIA Regulations require significant effects to be described and assessed in relation to an amended list of environmental factors, as follows: • Population and human health; • Biodiversity; • Land, soil, water, air and climate; • Material assets, cultural heritage and the landscape; and • The interaction between these factors. The 2017 EIA Regulations also require the assessment to include expected significant effects arising from the vulnerability of the proposed development to major accidents or disasters. Whilst the 2017 EIA Regulations do not apply to the EIA for the Wylfa Newydd Project, the requirements of the 2017 EIA Regulations with respect to the assessments of significant effects have been taken into account, as follows: • Effects on population and, where applicable, human health have been assessed within the relative topic assessments for socio-economics, air quality, noise and vibration, public access and recreation, soils and geology, surface water and groundwater, radiological effects, and shipping and navigation in volumes C to H (Application Reference
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Numbers: 6.3.1 to 6.8.12). In addition, a Health Impact Assessment (Application Reference Number: 8.19), Equality Impact Assessment (Application Reference Number: 8.22) and WLIA (Application Reference Number: 8.21) have been carried out and are reported in separate documents that form part of the DCO application for the Wylfa Newydd Project. • Effects on biodiversity have been assessed within the relative topic assessments for terrestrial and freshwater ecology and the marine environment as well as, where applicable, in the topic assessments for air quality and surface water and groundwater in volumes C to H (Application Reference Numbers: 6.3.1 to 6.8.12). • Effects on land, soil, water and air have been assessed within the topic assessments for soils and geology, surface water and groundwater and air quality in volumes C to H (Application Reference Numbers: 6.3.1 to 6.8.12). • The effects of climate change have been considered in the assessments where applicable, for example in the surface water and groundwater assessment chapters in volumes D to H (Application Reference Numbers: 6.4.1 to 6.8.12). • Effects on material assets, cultural heritage and the landscape have been assessed within the topic assessments for socio-economics, cultural heritage and landscape and visual in volumes C to H (Application Reference Numbers: 6.3.1 to 6.8.12). • The potential effects on the environment associated with the potential for major accidents and/or disasters have been considered in the radiological effects assessment chapter in volume D (Application Reference Number: 6.4.14). • The interactions between these factors have been described in the combined topic effects chapters at the end of volumes C to H (Application Reference Numbers: 6.3.1 to 6.8.12).
Transboundary effects The assessment of transboundary effects has been guided by the Planning Inspectorate’s Advice Note Twelve [RD12]. The 2016 Scoping Opinion provided guidance on transboundary effects with regard to both the EIA and the Shadow Habitats Regulations Assessment (Application Reference Number: 5.2) of the Wylfa Newydd Project. The assessment also has regard to advice received following consultation managed by the Planning Inspectorate in support of the Secretary of State’s screening of transboundary issues. Responses to this consultation are published on the Planning Inspectorate’s website at: • https://infrastructure.planninginspectorate.gov.uk/projects/wales/wylfa- newydd-nuclear-power-station/?ipcsection=docs
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An assessment of potential transboundary effects (i.e. effects that would potentially occur outside of the United Kingdom) associated with the Wylfa Newydd Project is presented within the assessment chapters reported in volumes C to H (Application Reference Numbers: 6.3.1 to 6.8.12) of this Environmental Statement, where applicable. Appendix B1-1 (Transboundary Effects Assessment) (Application Reference Number: 6.2.17) to this Environmental Statement brings this information together and presents a consolidated summary.
Climate change Climate change has been considered within this Environmental Statement with regard to design resilience and the effects of climate change on the project; consideration for how the EIA takes account of climate change and ‘future baseline’ when assessing effects caused by the development; and also with regard to effects of the Wylfa Newydd Project on processes that may contribute to climate change.
Resilience The Overarching National Policy Statement for Energy (EN-1) [RD7] states that new energy infrastructure needs to be sufficiently resilient against the possible impacts of climate change. Otherwise, it may not be able to satisfy energy needs. The design has considered predicted climate change trends up to the year 2183 (the expected end of spent fuel storage and decommissioning). The site platform and the Cooling Water System have been designed so as not to be affected by sea level rise. Other climate change features that have been considered during the design of the Wylfa Newydd Project are the likelihood of drought; sea temperature changes; increase in precipitation; and changes in wind speed, air temperature and humidity. The Environment Agency informed the UK Government’s Strategic Siting Assessment [RD13] which concluded that, throughout its lifetime, the WNDA Development and Off-Site Power Station Facilities could be protected from flood risk originating from climate change, as well as other causes, and these have been considered in the design described in chapters D1 (Application Reference Numbers: 6.4.1) and E1 (Application Reference Numbers: 6.5.1) of this Environmental Statement.
How climate change has been accounted for The effects of climate change on the evolution of baseline conditions have been taken into account, where appropriate, in the EIA. All of the topic assessment chapters that consider climate change have referred to the UK Climate Impacts Programme predictions [RD14], which state that the future climate is likely to consist of wetter winters and drier summers. Due to the coastal location of the Wylfa Newydd Power Station, sea-level rise and coastal erosion are key concerns.
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Coastal erosion is considered in the coastal processes and geomorphology topic in this Environmental Statement, with erosion rates given as up to 0.2m per year, whilst sea level rise projections are taken from UKCP09 with a projected sea level rise of 488mm by 2090; this rise is not expected to affect the Wylfa Newydd Project directly during its lifetime. However, the surface water and groundwater assessment in this Environmental Statement considers an indirect effect, making reference to sea level rise as a cause for saline intrusion in coastal aquifers. The soils and geology assessment has considered the potential effects on the Agricultural Land Classification of soils. For some soils, wetter winters may cause flooding or wetness limitations on Agricultural Land Classification grades to increase, conversely hotter summers may have a beneficial effect in these areas. Hotter summers may adversely affect the Agricultural Land Classification grade of some soils as it could increase the droughtiness (dryness) of soils. The surface water and groundwater assessment has considered the potential for drier summers to lead to a reduced moisture content of soils, resulting in a shortened winter groundwater recharge season, potentially leading to a long- term decline in groundwater storage. This could potentially lead to droughts or floods. The terrestrial and freshwater ecology assessment has considered the fact that there are likely to be more intense storms and severe droughts in future, which could cause changes in land use, ultimately impacting on the terrestrial and freshwater receptor resources. The marine environment assessment has considered climate change effects on marine ecology. Sea surface temperatures are likely to increase, which would subsequently lead to changes in species distribution and migratory patterns. Spawning and lifecycle characteristics are likely to be affected, along with the physico-chemical parameters within the marine environment. Change in climate is expected to impact on weather patterns. This has been taken into account in air quality modelling and how the future baseline will evolve. This is discussed in more detail in chapter B5 (Application Reference Number: 6.2.5) of this Environmental Statement.
Effects of the Wylfa Newydd Project on climate change The predicted effects of the Wylfa Newydd Project on climate change are detailed in the Sustainability Statement (Application Reference Number: 8.17) accompanying the application for development consent with this Environmental Statement. The Sustainability Statement includes information about predicted emissions and energy efficiency measures.
Welsh Language Environmental effects could have indirect effects on Welsh language and culture. These effects are assessed in the WLIA (Application Reference Number: 8.21), presented alongside this Environmental Statement as standalone report accompanying the DCO.
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The WLIA identifies that the balance between Welsh and non-Welsh speakers may be affected if a deterioration takes place in the quality of the built and natural environment or in the existing levels of general amenity, affecting quality of life. Households with greater spending power could decide to out- migrate if the amenity of the local area deteriorated. Given that a high percentage (64.4%) of the population of the WLIA’s Local Area of Influence were Welsh-speakers in 2011, any out-migration of the existing population would have an adverse effect on Welsh language and culture. As noted in chapter A1 (introduction) (Application Reference Numbers: 6.1.1), there has been a commitment from Horizon to have the Welsh language as a ‘golden thread’ that runs throughout the development and implementation of Wylfa Newydd Project. In keeping with this commitment, the assessment chapters presented in this Environmental Statement discuss where any relevant environmental effects identified may have particular implications for Welsh language and culture.
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1.5 Qualifications of specialists The EIA and the other assessments referred to above have been carried out by qualified specialists, as set out in table B1-4 Table B1-4 Specialist qualifications University Professional Initials Specialism qualifications qualifications AD EIA BSc Chemistry and CEnv, MIEMA MSc Pollution and Environmental Control AM EIA BSc Biological CEnv, MIEMA Sciences and LLM Environmental Law AS EIA BSc (Hons) MPIA Environmental Sciences and Masters of Environmental Law AJ EIA BSc (Hons) IEMA Registered Microbiology and MSc Environmental Auditor, Pollution and IOSH Technician Environmental Control Member GM EIA BA Geography and FCIWEM, C.WEM, PhD Geomorphology C.Sci C.Env JG EIA MLPM (Hons) CEnv, CSci, MIEMA, Landscape Planning MIEnvSc, Licentiate and Management Member of the Landscape Planning and Management PS EIA BSc (Hons) CEnv, MIEMA Environmental Sciences and MSc EIA, EMS and Environmental Auditing RM EIA BSc (Hons) Environmental Biology and PhD Biogeography SW EIA BSc (Hons) CEnv, MIEMA, CIWEM Geography, PgDip diploma Water, Energy and Environment, and MA Environmental Impact Assessment and Management
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University Professional Initials Specialism qualifications qualifications SB EIA BSc (Hons) Geography CIWEM and MSc Soils and Environmental Pollution SM EIA BSc Microbiology, PhD MCIWEM, PIEMA AB Coastal BSc Geography and CSI, CWEM, CGeog, processes PhD Geomorphology CEnv, FCIWEM, and Ecology FRGS, MIEMA AS Radiological BSc Physiological IOSH Managing Safely issues and Sciences waste BC Health impact MSc Health Promotion Member of Faculty of assessment Sciences; BA hons Public Health, AIEMA, Social Anthropology Member of International Association for Impact Assessment, Recipient of 2011 Individual Award from International Association for Impact Assessment EC Water BSc (Hons) Marine CIWEM Framework Biology with Directive Oceanography and MSc Aquatic Resource Management GH Noise and BSc Environmental Life Corporate Member vibrations Science, PgDip Institute of Acoustics, Acoustics and Noise Certificate of Control and MSc Competence in Environmental Environmental Noise Management Management JT Shipping and MEng Civil Engineering GMICE Navigation JP Equality BSc (Hons) Regional impact Science (Economics assessment and Human Geography), PgDip Town and Regional Planning and MA Civic Design and a
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University Professional Initials Specialism qualifications qualifications Professional certificate in Management JD Cultural MA (Hons) MCIfA heritage Archaeology, PgDip Field Archaeology, Pg certificate Archaeology of Standing Buildings KY Soils and BSc (Hons) Marine CEnv, MIEnvSci, geology Geography and MSc CL:AIRE Qualified Environmental Person Monitoring NC Ecology BSc (Hons) Zoology CEnv, MCIEEM and MSc Oceanography RW Marine BSc Marine and Secretary of Wessex eanvironment Freshwater Biology and Branch of the Society MSc Oceanography of Biology RD Welsh BA (Hons) Town MRTPI language Planning impact assessment RP Health impact BSc Hon and MA MIEMA, CEnv, assessment Biological Sciences, Member of the UK Postgraduate Diploma Environmental Law in Legal Practice and Association, Member Graduate Diploma in of the Royal Society for Law Public Health SC Conventional BSc Joint Honours MCIWM waste (Geography and Environmental Sciences) and MSc (Environmental Management and Technology) SE Welsh BA (Hons) Geography MRTPI language and impact MSc Planning Practice assessment and Research SO Socio- BA (Mod) Natural MCIWEM economics Science and MSc Ecological Economics
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University Professional Initials Specialism qualifications qualifications SM Traffic and MSc Transport MCIHT transport Planning and Management
SH Surface water BSc Geography and FGS, CGeol, and PhD Hydrogeology MCIWEM, SilC, QP groundwater (CL:AIRE CoP) SK Landscape BA Landscape CMLI and visual Architecture, Dip Landscape Architecture SB Air quality BSc (Hons) Physics MIEnvSc and MIAQM with Environmental Science and MSc Environmental Technology VC Public access BSc Environmental AIEMA and recreation Science, PgDip Legal Practice (LPC), PgDip Law (CPE), LLM Commercial Property Law, LLM Environmental Law and Conservation
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1.6 References Table B1-5 Schedule of references ID Reference RD1 International Association for Impact Assessment in association with the Institute of Environmental Assessment. 1996. Principles of Environmental Impact Assessment Best Practice. [Online]. [Accessed 20 December 2017]. Available from: https://www.iaia.org/uploads/pdf/principlesEA_1.pdf RD2 Horizon Nuclear Power Ltd. 2016. Wylfa Newydd Generating Station Environmental Impact Assessment Scoping Report. [Online]. [Accessed: 7 April 2017]. Available from: https://infrastructure.planninginspectorate.gov.uk/wp- content/ipc/uploads/projects/EN010007/EN010007-000263- Applicant's%20scoping%20report.pdf RD3 Horizon Nuclear Power Ltd. 2017. Addendum to the Environmental Impact Assessment Scoping Report. [Online]. [Accessed: 26 October 2017]. Available from: https://infrastructure.planninginspectorate.gov.uk/wp- content/ipc/uploads/projects/EN010007/EN010007-000895- Scoping%20Report%20addendum.pdf RD4 Planning Inspectorate. 2016. SCOPING OPINION Proposed Wylfa Newydd Generating Station. [Online]. [Accessed: 7 April 2017]. Available from: https://infrastructure.planninginspectorate.gov.uk/wp- content/ipc/uploads/projects/EN010007/EN010007-000390- Scoping%20Opinion.pdf RD5 Planning Inspectorate. 2017. SCOPING OPINION Proposed Wylfa Newydd Project. [Online]. [Accessed: 26 June 2017]. Available from: https://infrastructure.planninginspectorate.gov.uk/wp- content/ipc/uploads/projects/EN010007/EN010007-000888- Scoping%20Opinion.pdf RD6 Department for Communities and Local Government. 2015. Planning Act 2008: Guidance on the Pre-application Process. [Online]. [Accessed: 25 October 2017]. Available from: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/guidance-on-the-pre- application-process-for-major-infrastructure-projects. RD7 Department of Energy and Climate Change. 2011. Overarching National Policy Statement for Energy (EN-1). London: The Stationery Office. RD8 Planning Inspectorate. 2012. Advice note nine: Rochdale Envelope. [Online]. [Accessed: 7 April 2017]. Available from: http://infrastructure.planninginspectorate.gov.uk/wp- content/uploads/2013/05/Advice-note-9.-Rochdale-envelope- web.pdf
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ID Reference RD9 Institute of Environmental Management and Assessment (IEMA). 2011. Special Report – The State of Environmental Impact Assessment Practice in the UK. Lincoln: IEMA RD10 Institute of Environmental Management and Assessment (IEMA). 2004. The Institute of Environmental Management and Assessment’s Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment. Lincoln: IEMA. RD11 Institute of Environmental Management and Assessment (IEMA). 2015. The IEMA Environmental Impact Assessment Guide to Shaping Quality Development. Lincoln: IEMA. RD12 Planning Inspectorate. 2012. Advice note twelve: Regulation 24 of the EIA Regulations. [Online]. [Accessed: 19 December 2017]. Available from: https://infrastructure.planninginspectorate.gov.uk/wp- content/uploads/2013/04/Advice-note-12v2.pdf RD13 Department of Energy and Climate Change. 2011. National Policy Statement for Nuclear Power Generation (EN-6). London: The Stationery Office. RD14 Murphy, J.M., Sexton, D.M.H., Jenkins, G.J., Booth, B., Brown, C.C., Clark, R.T., Collins, M., Harris, G.R., Kendon, E.J., Betts, R.A., Brown, S.J., Humphrey, K.A., McCarthy, M.P., McDonald, R.E., Stephens, A., Wallace, R., Wilby, R. and Wood, R.A. 2009. UK Climate Projections Science Report: Climate Change Projections. Exeter: Met Office Hadley Centre.
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