DOCSLIB.ORG

Download/16041/16423

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Download/16041/16423 Report A thirsty future? Water strategies for Ethiopia’s new development era Helen Parker, Beatrice Mosello, Roger Calow, Maria Quattri, Seifu Kebede and Tena Alamirew, with contributions from Assefa Gudina and Asmamaw Kume August 2016 Overseas Development Institute 203 Blackfriars Road London SE1 8NJ Tel. +44 (0) 20 7922 0300 Fax. +44 (0) 20 7922 0399 E-mail: [email protected] www.odi.org www.odi.org/facebook www.odi.org/twitter Readers are encouraged to reproduce material from ODI Reports for their own publications, as long as they are not being sold commercially. As copyright holder, ODI requests due acknowledgement and a copy of the publication. For online use, we ask readers to link to the original resource on the ODI website. The views presented in this paper are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of ODI. © Overseas Development Institute 2016. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial Licence (CC BY-NC 4.0). Cover photo: © UNICEF Ethiopia: A boy in the Tigray Region of Ethiopia fetches water from the pond. Contents Acknowledgments 7 About the study 7 Abbreviations 8 Executive Summary 9 1. Water and growth 12 1.1 Water for growth: risks and rewards 12 1.2 More water for more growth? 15 2. Growing pains 18 2.1 A risky water future 18 2.2 Water scarcity: visible impacts, hidden costs 18 3. Economic costs 22 3.1 A thirsty agricultural sector 22 3.2 Growing costs for urban consumers 24 3.3 Managing demand, ensuring supply 26 4. Emerging changes 29 4.1 Institutional change 29 4.2 Technological change 31 5. Recommendations 33 5.1 Priorities for the public sector 33 5.2 Taking action 33 References 36 A thirsty future? 3 Annex 1: Project outline 40 Phase 1: Building adaptive water resources management in Ethiopia (September 2013-October 2015) 40 Phase 2: Making the economic case for water resources management (June 2015-October 2015) 41 Outcomes and outputs 41 List of stakeholders consulted 42 4 ODI Report Figures and boxes Figures Figure 1: Detailed map of Ethiopia, with major water bodies indicated 12 Figure 2: The rise of water crises as a global risk 13 Figure 3: Ethiopia’s GDP growth, 2011-2014 13 Figure 4: Global water withdrawals and consumptive use by sector in 2000 for agriculture, domestic use and industry 16 Figure 5: Water plays a key role in implementation of the GTP II 17 Figure 6: Map of the Awash Basin 19 Figure 7: Water withdrawals for large-scale irrigation schemes in the Awash Basin 23 Figure 8: Adama water utility increasing tariffs over time and rising production costs from 1998 to 2014 25 Figure 9: Costs of production compared with average tariff rate for domestic consumers 25 Figure 10: Proportion of population served in major towns in the Awash Basin 26 Figure 11: Water tariffs in Awash Town 26 Figure 12: Water tariffs in Metehara 27 Figure 13: Cost of water for different consumers in the Awash Basin 28 Boxes Box 1: Water crises: the top threat for economies 14 Box 2: Water and energy use by sector: a global perspective 15 Box 3: ‘Thirsty’ energy or ‘Energy for all?’ 17 Box 4: Water: an economic good 18 Box 5: Water efficiency: myths and realities 24 Box 6: Water for all? 27 Box 7: Water for poverty reduction: water services for the poor 28 A thirsty future? 5 Acknowledgments Thanks are due to Asmamaw Kume and Assefa Gudina Finally, we would like to thank all of the people we (Ministry of Water, Irrigation and Electricity, Ethiopia), interviewed in the course of the project, from ministry Catherine Tovey (World Bank) and Daniel Yeo (Global staff and farmers, to those managing irrigation schemes, Green Growth Institute) for their advice in-country. hydropower dams and urban water supply. Interviewees We would also like to thank Ben Irwin, Arsema Tesfaye gave their time so generously, and engaged in an open and and Hidaya Yusuf (KPMG) for their support throughout constructive manner throughout. the project. All findings, conclusions and errors are the responsibility Peer review was provided by Dr Eva Ludi (Overseas of the authors. Development Institute, UK) and Russell Bishop (New Climate Economy). About the study This report is the final output of the project ‘Building in the face of climate change and other pressures. In phase adaptive water resources management in Ethiopia’, led by 2, a basin-scale study highlighted the impact of poor water the Overseas Development Institute (ODI), in partnership management on different users and uses, including water with the Ethiopian Ministry of Water, Irrigation and pricing for different sectors, and the growing costs of Electricity (MoWIE). The project was funded by the scarcity, competition and pollution. The research focuses Strategic Climate Institutions Programme (SCIP) from on a case study of the Awash River Basin, a ‘hotspot’ which September 2013 to December 2015 (see Annex I). is experiencing increased tension between downstream and The project was commissioned out of growing concern upstream irrigators, and between water for agriculture, for the socio-economic consequences of unconstrained energy and domestic use. The report is intended for water development in Ethiopia. Phase 1 of the project MoWIE and other water sector stakeholders in Ethiopia, aimed to develop a ‘road map’ of the actions and and for those with broader research, development and institutional investments that are required to build long- policy interests in sustainable water resource management. term integrated and adaptive water resources management A thirsty future? 7 Abbreviations AAU Addis Ababa University AWRM Adaptive water resources management CC-WRMA Climate change and water resources management assessment CRGE Climate-Resilient Green Economy AfDB African Development Bank EIWR Ethiopian Institute of Water Resources ETB Ethiopian Birr FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations FDRE Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia GDP Gross domestic product GoE Government of Ethiopia GTP Growth and Transformation Plan IWRM Integrated water resources management MDGs Millennium Development Goals MoA Ministry of Agriculture MoWIE Ministry of Water, Irrigation and Electricity ODI Overseas Development Institute OWNP One WASH National Programme PSNP Productive Safety Net Programme RBAs River Basin Authorities RWBs Regional Water Bureaus SCIP Strategic Climate Institutions Programme SDGs Sustainable Development Goals UNDP United Nations Development Programme USD US Dollar WASH Water, Sanitation and Hygiene WEF World Economic Forum WLRC Water and Land Resource Centre WRM Water resources management WRMA Water resources management assessment 8 ODI Report Executive Summary • Public and private investments to develop Ethiopia’s water resources have contributed to the Key country’s progress in growth and poverty reduction. messages • For sustainable and broad-based growth, policy-makers must address problems of scarcity, competition and pollution as pressure on water resources increases. • River basin authorities can play a key role, but lack resources and authority to coordinate investments, allocate water, resolve conflicts. • High-level political leadership is essential to ensure future planning within a comprehensive and integrated framework across projects, sectors and regions. • With better, sustainable and inclusive water resources management, Ethiopia can continue to harness its water for the new development era. Ethiopia’s double-digit economic growth is the envy of approximately one third of potential gross domestic many countries in Africa. Growth has also been broad- product (GDP, see Grey and Sadoff, 2006). based. Ethiopia has made significant progress in human Variability also affects livelihoods, as smallholder development indicators including education, health and farmers rely on rainfed production. The effects of the poverty (Lenhardt et al, 2015). However, further gains El Niño related drought, floods and subsequent failed will be dependent on responsible water management: harvests in 2015 and 2016 have created a humanitarian developing and managing water in ways that balance crisis. More than 10 million people require emergency food competing social and economic claims within the frontiers aid and six million people require emergency water services of environmental sustainability. (Fewsnet, 2016). Climate change will likely amplify risks, Water resources help drive development. Water is an since climate models project higher levels of seasonal and essential input for energy, industry and agriculture, while inter-annual variability, and more droughts and more water and electricity for domestic use can catalyse higher floods, over the coming decades (Conway and Schipper, incomes and improved welfare for poorer households. 2011). The government has therefore outlined ambitious water Ethiopia’s investments in water capture, storage and development plans, including small- and large-scale conveyance can help buffer the effects of rainfall volatility irrigation schemes, multipurpose dams to provide and support growth. But they will not be enough to secure hydropower, and water infrastructure to serve growing climate-resilient growth without parallel investments in rural and urban populations. The rapid mobilisation of soft infrastructure – the institutional plumbing of water water is central to the second stage of the government’s resources management. This was the finding of Phase 1 Growth and Transformation Plan (GTP II), which of the ODI/MoWIE-led project, Building Adaptive Water emphasises the importance of increased agricultural Resources Management in Ethiopia (Mosello et al, 2015), production, accelerated industrial growth and poverty that went on to develop a ‘road map’ of the actions reduction. The Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam, and institutional investments that are required to build currently under construction, will be the largest dam in adaptive water resources management at national and Africa on completion, and is a powerful symbol of the basin level. country’s ambitions. Our most recent research under Phase 2 of the project Where is the water coming from? Ethiopia has a and reported here looked at the financial and economic relatively generous endowment of water.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • An Analysis of the Afar-Somali Conflict in Ethiopia and Djibouti
    Regional Dynamics of Inter-ethnic Conflicts in the Horn of Africa: An Analysis of the Afar-Somali Conflict in Ethiopia and Djibouti DISSERTATION ZUR ERLANGUNG DER GRADES DES DOKTORS DER PHILOSOPHIE DER UNIVERSTÄT HAMBURG VORGELEGT VON YASIN MOHAMMED YASIN from Assab, Ethiopia HAMBURG 2010 ii Regional Dynamics of Inter-ethnic Conflicts in the Horn of Africa: An Analysis of the Afar-Somali Conflict in Ethiopia and Djibouti by Yasin Mohammed Yasin Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree PHILOSOPHIAE DOCTOR (POLITICAL SCIENCE) in the FACULITY OF BUSINESS, ECONOMICS AND SOCIAL SCIENCES at the UNIVERSITY OF HAMBURG Supervisors Prof. Dr. Cord Jakobeit Prof. Dr. Rainer Tetzlaff HAMBURG 15 December 2010 iii Acknowledgments First and foremost, I would like to thank my doctoral fathers Prof. Dr. Cord Jakobeit and Prof. Dr. Rainer Tetzlaff for their critical comments and kindly encouragement that made it possible for me to complete this PhD project. Particularly, Prof. Jakobeit’s invaluable assistance whenever I needed and his academic follow-up enabled me to carry out the work successfully. I therefore ask Prof. Dr. Cord Jakobeit to accept my sincere thanks. I am also grateful to Prof. Dr. Klaus Mummenhoff and the association, Verein zur Förderung äthiopischer Schüler und Studenten e. V., Osnabruck , for the enthusiastic morale and financial support offered to me in my stay in Hamburg as well as during routine travels between Addis and Hamburg. I also owe much to Dr. Wolbert Smidt for his friendly and academic guidance throughout the research and writing of this dissertation. Special thanks are reserved to the Department of Social Sciences at the University of Hamburg and the German Institute for Global and Area Studies (GIGA) that provided me comfortable environment during my research work in Hamburg.
    [Show full text]
  • Ethiopia Updates Humanitarian Bulletin
    Humanitarian Bulletin Ethiopia Issue #15 23 Aug. – 06 Sept. 2020 HIGHLIGHTS In this issue • Of 1,044,005 samples P.1 COVID-19 Ethiopia update tested as of 06 P.2 Mid-year-review of 2020 Ethiopia HRP September, 58,672 were confirmed positive P.3 $8 million CERF allocation to flood & cholera making Ethiopia the P.3 Close to half a million affected by floods country with the highest P.4. Humanitarian CMCoord at sub-national level caseload in East Africa, and the fourth highest in P.4 DL surveillance and control efforts Africa next to South P.5. Workshop to kick-off the 2020 HPC Africa, Egypt and Morocco. P.5. Frontline health responders: The story of Mohamed at Qoloji IDPs site • 25 highest-risk IDP sites P.7 HRP MYR: Needs, Targets and Requirements further prioritized for decongestion and scaled- up multi-sector response as part of COVID-19 prevention and control effort amongst IDPs. COVID-19 - Ethiopia updates FUNDING Over 1 million samples tested, close to 59,000 confirmed cases and more REQUIREMENTS than 900 deaths in six months US$1.44 billion It has now been six months since the first case of COVID-19 was reported in Ethiopia. Of 1,044,005 samples tested, 58,672 were confirmed positive making Ethiopia the country with Total COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 the highest caseload in East Africa, and the fourth highest in Africa next to South Africa, revised requirements Egypt and Morocco. The country also registered 21,307 recoveries (35.85 per cent recovery rate) and 918 deaths (1.56 per cent fatality rate).
    [Show full text]
  • Observations of Pale and Rüppell's Fox from the Afar Desert
    Dinets et al. Pale and Rüppell’s fox in Ethiopia Copyright © 2015 by the IUCN/SSC Canid Specialist Group. ISSN 1478-2677 Research report Observations of pale and Rüppell’s fox from the Afar Desert, Ethiopia Vladimir Dinets1*, Matthias De Beenhouwer2 and Jon Hall3 1 Department of Psychology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA. Email: [email protected] 2 Biology Department, University of Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31-2435, BE-3001 Heverlee, Belgium. 3 www.mammalwatching.com, 450 West 42nd St., New York, New York 10036, USA. * Correspondence author Keywords: Africa, Canidae, distribution, Vulpes pallida, Vulpes rueppellii. Abstract Multiple sight records of pale and Rüppell’s foxes from northwestern and southern areas of the Afar De- sert in Ethiopia extend the ranges of both species in the region. We report these sightings and discuss their possible implications for the species’ biogeography. Introduction 2013 during a mammalogical expedition. Foxes were found opportu- nistically during travel on foot or by vehicle, as specified below. All coordinates and elevations were determined post hoc from Google The Afar Desert (hereafter Afar), alternatively known as the Afar Tri- Earth. Distances were estimated visually. angle, Danakil Depression, or Danakil Desert, is a large arid area span- ning Ethiopia, Eritrea, Djibouti and Somaliland (Mengisteab 2013). Its fauna remains poorly known, as exemplified by the fact that the first Results possible record of Canis lupus dates back only to 2004 (Tiwari and Sillero-Zubiri 2004; note that the identification in this case is still On 14 May 2007, JH saw a fox in degraded desert near the town of uncertain).
    [Show full text]
  • Remote Sensing and Regionalization for Integrated Water Resources Modeling,In Upper and Middle Awash River Basin, Ethiopia
    REMOTE SENSING AND REGIONALIZATION FOR INTEGRATED WATER RESOURCES MODELING IN UPPER AND MIDDLE AWASH RIVER BASIN, ETHIOPIA HABTE GEBEYEHU LIKASA February, 2013 SUPERVISORS: DR. ING. T.H.M. (TOM) RIENTJES DR. IR. C. (CHRISTIAAN) VAN DER TOL REMOTE SENSING AND REGIONALIZATION FOR INTEGRATED WATER RESOURCES MODELING IN UPPER AND MIDDLE AWASH RIVER BASIN, ETHIOPIA HABTE GEBEYEHU LIKASA Enschede, the Netherlands, [February, 2013] Thesis submitted to the Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation of the University of Twente in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Geo-information Science and Earth Observation. Specialization: [Water Resources and Environmental Management)] SUPERVISORS: DR. ING. T.H.M. (TOM) RIENTJES DR. IR. C. (CHRISTIAAN) VAN DER TOL THESIS ASSESSMENT BOARD: Dr. ir. C.M.M. (Chris) Mannaerts (Chair) Dr. Paolo Reggiani (External Examiner, Deltares Delft, The Netherlands) Etc DISCLAIMER This document describes work undertaken as part of a programme of study at the Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation of the University of Twente. All views and opinions expressed therein remain the sole responsibility of the author, and do not necessarily represent those of the Faculty. ABSTRACT Water resources have an enormous impact on the economic development and environmental protection. Water resources available in different forms and can be obtained from different sources. However mostly, water resources assessment and management relies on available stream flow measurements. But, in developing country like Ethiopia most of river basins are ungauged. Therefore, applying remote sensing and regionalization for integrated water resources modeling in poorly gauged river basin is crucial.
    [Show full text]
  • Country Profile – Ethiopia
    Country profile – Ethiopia Version 2016 Recommended citation: FAO. 2016. AQUASTAT Country Profile – Ethiopia. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). Rome, Italy The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. The views expressed in this information product are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of FAO. FAO encourages the use, reproduction and dissemination of material in this information product. Except where otherwise indicated, material may be copied, downloaded and printed for private study, research and teaching purposes, or for use in non-commercial products or services, provided that appropriate acknowledgement of FAO as the source and copyright holder is given and that FAO’s endorsement of users’ views, products or services is not implied in any way. All requests for translation and adaptation rights, and for resale and other commercial use rights should be made via www.fao.org/contact-us/licencerequest or addressed to [email protected]. FAO information products are available on the FAO website (www.fao.org/ publications) and can be purchased through [email protected].
    [Show full text]
  • Afar: Insecurity and Delayed Rains Threaten Livestock and People
    EMERGENCIES UNIT FOR UNITED NATIONS ETHIOPIA (UN-EUE) Afar: insecurity and delayed rains threaten livestock and people Assessment Mission: 29 May – 8 June 2002 François Piguet, Field Officer, UN-Emergencies Unit for Ethiopia 1 Introduction and background 1.1 Animals are now dying The Objectives of the mission were to assess the situation in the Afar Region following recent clashes between Afar and Issa and Oromo pastoralists, and focus on security and livestock movement restrictions, wate r and environmental issues, the marketing of livestock as well as “chronic” humanitarian issues. Special attention has been given to all southern parts of Afar region affected by recent ethnic conflicts and erratic small rains, which initiated early pastoralists movements in zone 3 & 5. The assessment also took into account various food security issues, including milk availability while also looking at limited water resources in Eli Daar woreda (Zone 1), where particularly remote kebeles1 suffer from water shortage. High concentrations of animals have been noticed in several locations of Afar region during the current dry season. The most important reason for the present humanitarian emergency crisis in parts of Afar Region and surroundings are the various ethnic conflicts among the Issa, the Kereyu, the Afar and the Ittu. These Dead camel in Doho, Awash-Fantale (photo Francois Piguet conflicts forced pastoralists to change UN-EUE, July 2002 their usual migration patterns and most importantly were denied access to either traditional water points and wells or grazing areas or both together. On top of this rather complex and confuse conflict situation, rains have now been delayed by more than two weeks most likely all over Afar Region and is now causing livestock deaths.
    [Show full text]
  • Climate Change WORKING PAPER No.4 | MARCH 2013 Climate Resilience, Productivity and Equity in the Drylands
    Climate Change WORKING PAPER No.4 | MARCH 2013 Climate resilience, productivity and equity in the drylands Counting the costs: replacing pastoralism with irrigated agriculture in the Awash valley, north-eastern Ethiopia Roy Behnke and Carol Kerven www.iied.org IIED Climate Change Working Paper Series The IIED Climate Change Working Paper Series aims to improve and accelerate the public availability of the research undertaken by IIED and its partners. In line with the objectives of all climate change research undertaken by IIED, the IIED Climate Change Working Paper Series presents work that focuses on improving the capacity of the most vulnerable groups in developing countries to adapt to the impacts of climate change, and on ensuring the equitable distribution of benefits presented by climate-resilient low carbon development strategies. The series therefore covers issues of and relationships between governance, poverty, economics, equity and environment under a changing climate. The series is intended to present research in a preliminary form for feedback and discussion. Readers are encouraged to provide comments to the authors whose contact details are included in each publication. For guidelines on submission of papers to the series, see the inside back cover. Series editors: Susannah Fisher and Hannah Reid Series editor (Drylands): Ced Hesse Scientific editor: Ian Burton Coordinating editor: Nicole Kenton Published by IIED, 2013 Behnke, R. and Kerven, C. (2013). Counting the costs: replacing pastoralism with irrigated agriculture in the Awash Valley, north-eastern Ethiopia IIED Climate Change Working Paper No. 4, March 2013 IIED order no: 10035IIED http://pubs.iied.org/10035IIED.html ISBN 978-1-84369-886-9 ISSN 2048-7851 (Print) ISSN 2048-786X (Online) Printed by Park Communications Ltd, London Designed by iFink Creative.
    [Show full text]
  • Ethiopia: Integrated Flood Management
    WORLD METEOROLOGICAL ORGANIZATION THE ASSOCIATED PROGRAMME ON FLOOD MANAGEMENT INTEGRATED FLOOD MANAGEMENT CASE STUDY1 ETHIOPIA: INTEGRATED FLOOD MANAGEMENT December 2003 Edited by TECHNICAL SUPPORT UNIT Note: Opinions expressed in the case study are those of author(s) and do not necessarily reflect those of the WMO/GWP Associated Programme on Flood Management (APFM). Designations employed and presentations of material in the case study do not imply the expression of any opinion whatever on the part of the Technical Support Unit (TSU), APFM concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. WMO/GWP Associated Programme on Flood Management ETHIOPIA: INTEGRATED FLOOD MANAGEMENT Kefyalew Achamyeleh 1 1. Introduction Ethiopia is located in northeast Africa between 3o and 18o North latitude and 33o and 48o East longitude. Elevations range between 100 meters below and 4600 m. above sea level. It has a land area of about 1,100,000 sq. km. and a population of 65,000,000. Ethiopia has an annual flow from its rivers amounting to 122 BCM. All of this is generated within its borders. Most of this goes across to other countries. Of this flow only about 1% is utilized for power production and 1.5% for irrigation. The total irrigation potential is in the order of 3.7 Million ha. Of this only 4.3% has been developed. Exploitable hydropower potential is in the order of 160 Billion KWHRS/Year. Water Resources Assessment: Hydrology: Presently hydrological data are collected and processed on a regular manner covering all the river basins.
    [Show full text]
  • Moving up Or Moving Out? a Rapid Livelihoods and Conflict Analysis in Mieso-Mulu Woreda, Shinile Zone, Somali Region, Ethiopia
    A PR I L 2 0 1 0 Strengthening the humanity and dignity of people in crisis through knowledge and practice Moving Up or Moving Out? A Rapid Livelihoods and Conflict Analysis in Mieso-Mulu Woreda, Shinile Zone, Somali Region, Ethiopia Andy Catley and Alula Iyasu ©2010 Feinstein International Center and Mercy Corps. All Rights Reserved. Fair use of this copyrighted material includes its use for non-commercial educational purposes, such as teaching, scholarship, research, criticism, commentary, and news reporting. Unless otherwise noted, those who wish to reproduce text and image files from this publication for such uses may do so without the Feinstein International Center’s express permission. However, all commercial use of this material and/or reproduction that alters its meaning or intent, without the express permission of the Feinstein International Center, is prohibited. Feinstein International Center Tufts University 200 Boston Ave., Suite 4800 Medford, MA 02155 USA tel: +1 617.627.3423 fax: +1 617.627.3428 fic.tufts.edu Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank the following Mercy Corps staff who assisted with organisation of the study or who facilitated focus group discussions in Mulu: Mesfin Ayele, Mohammed Haji, Niama Ibrahim, Berhanu Esehete, and Yigezu Solomon. Other Mercy Corps staff provided helpful advice on the design of the work or commented on the draft report, including Abdi Aden, Fasil Demeke, Rafael Velaquez, Nigist Tilahun, and Sarah Gibbons. Demeke Eshete of Save the Children UK provided food economy reports for Shinile Zone. We are also grateful to participants in focus group discussions in Mulu and to the various government staff who provided information and joined the livelihoods analysis training.
    [Show full text]
  • Ethiopian Land Tenure from Heterogeneity to Uniformity: a Historical Perspective with Emphasis to Southern Provinces
    Annals of Global History Volume 1, Issue 3, 2019, PP 9-19 ISSN 2642-8172 Ethiopian Land Tenure from Heterogeneity to Uniformity: A Historical Perspective with Emphasis to Southern Provinces Binayew Tamrat Getahun1*, Alemseged Debele2 1School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Adama Science and Technology University Ethiopia 2Arsi University, Asela, Ethiopia *Corresponding Author: Binayew Tamrat Getahun, School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Adama Science and Technology University, Ethiopia. Email: [email protected] ABSTRACT The Ethiopian Land tenure system has shown drastic change from a tenant-landlord system to private ownership in the Imperial regime and public land ownership during the Derge and EPRDF periods. But the paper indicates the severity of the impacts of land tenure system on the peasants and pastoralists of the southern provinces particularly during the Imperial regime. In this paper it is argued that in the post liberation period the land tenure system led to lack of tenure security and inefficiency in land use in the south, south west and central Ethiopia. The Paper also points out during the Derge regime, though it changed the land tenure from heterogeneity to a uniform land tenure system in the whole of the country, there was unfairness in allocating fertile land to peasants. However, some plots of fertile land were given to some peasants favored by the local state agents such as by members of land allotting committee. As a result, the Derge regime’s land reform failed to maintain tenure security in southern provinces or elsewhere in the country. The paper suggests that in the post 1991 period though the government proclaimed that land is owned both by the people and government, there are issues of land which instigated heated debates among scholars and politicians.
    [Show full text]
  • The Upper Awash River (Ethiopia)
    sustainability Article Impacts of Climate Change and Population Growth on River Nutrient Loads in a Data Scarce Region: The Upper Awash River (Ethiopia) Gianbattista Bussi 1 , Paul G. Whitehead 1,* , Li Jin 2 , Meron T. Taye 3, Ellen Dyer 1, Feyera A. Hirpa 1, Yosef Abebe Yimer 4 and Katrina J. Charles 1 1 School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QY, UK; [email protected] (G.B.); [email protected] (E.D.); [email protected] (F.A.H.); [email protected] (K.J.C.) 2 Geology Department, State University of New York College at Cortland, Cortland, NY 13045, USA; [email protected] 3 Water and Land Resources Centre, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 20474/1000 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; [email protected] 4 AWASH Basin Development Authority, P.O. Box 20474/1000 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Assessing the impact of climate change and population growth on river water quality is a key issue for many developing countries, where multiple and often conflicting river water uses (water supply, irrigation, wastewater disposal) are placing increasing pressure on limited water resources. However, comprehensive water quality datasets are often lacking, thus impeding a full-scale data-based river water quality assessment. Here we propose a model-based approach, using both global datasets and local data to build an evaluation of the potential impact of climate Citation: Bussi, G.; Whitehead, P.G.; changes and population growth, as well as to verify the efficiency of mitigation measures to curb Jin, L.; Taye, M.T.; Dyer, E.; Hirpa, river water pollution.
    [Show full text]
  • Reviving a Traditional Pasture Management System in Fentale, East Central Ethiopia
    Journal of Ecological Anthropology Volume 13 Issue 1 Volume 13, Issue 1 (2009) Article 4 2009 Reviving a Traditional Pasture Management System in Fentale, East Central Ethiopia Shimelis Beyene University of Nebraska-Lincoln Dafa Gudina ActionAid Ethiopia Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/jea Recommended Citation Beyene, Shimelis and Gudina, Dafa. "Reviving a Traditional Pasture Management System in Fentale, East Central Ethiopia." Journal of Ecological Anthropology 13, no. 1 (2009): 57-72. Available at: https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/jea/vol13/iss1/4 This Research Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Anthropology at Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of Ecological Anthropology by an authorized editor of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Vol. 13 No. 1 2009Beyene & Gudina / Traditional Pasture Management 57 Reviving a Traditional Pasture Management System in Fentale, East Central Ethiopia Shimelis Beyene and Dafa Gudina Abstract In this paper, we describe the process of establishing dry season grass reserves, traditionally known as kalo, among Kereyu and Ittu pastoralists of Fentale in the Awash Valley of eastern central Ethiopia. Th e data were primarily collected using qualitative research methods such as key informant interviews, group discussions, fi eld observa- tions, and records of community meetings and non-governmental organization (NGO) project reports. In the last decade and a half, several attempts were made by NGOs and local governments to encourage pastoralists to revive their traditional practices of setting aside grass reserves for seasonal grazing, but only a few such private enclosures were established.
    [Show full text]