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Remote Sensing and Regionalization for Integrated Water Resources Modeling,In Upper and Middle Awash River Basin, Ethiopia

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Remote Sensing and Regionalization for Integrated Water Resources Modeling,In Upper and Middle Awash River Basin, Ethiopia REMOTE SENSING AND REGIONALIZATION FOR INTEGRATED WATER RESOURCES MODELING IN UPPER AND MIDDLE AWASH RIVER BASIN, ETHIOPIA HABTE GEBEYEHU LIKASA February, 2013 SUPERVISORS: DR. ING. T.H.M. (TOM) RIENTJES DR. IR. C. (CHRISTIAAN) VAN DER TOL REMOTE SENSING AND REGIONALIZATION FOR INTEGRATED WATER RESOURCES MODELING IN UPPER AND MIDDLE AWASH RIVER BASIN, ETHIOPIA HABTE GEBEYEHU LIKASA Enschede, the Netherlands, [February, 2013] Thesis submitted to the Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation of the University of Twente in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Geo-information Science and Earth Observation. Specialization: [Water Resources and Environmental Management)] SUPERVISORS: DR. ING. T.H.M. (TOM) RIENTJES DR. IR. C. (CHRISTIAAN) VAN DER TOL THESIS ASSESSMENT BOARD: Dr. ir. C.M.M. (Chris) Mannaerts (Chair) Dr. Paolo Reggiani (External Examiner, Deltares Delft, The Netherlands) Etc DISCLAIMER This document describes work undertaken as part of a programme of study at the Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation of the University of Twente. All views and opinions expressed therein remain the sole responsibility of the author, and do not necessarily represent those of the Faculty. ABSTRACT Water resources have an enormous impact on the economic development and environmental protection. Water resources available in different forms and can be obtained from different sources. However mostly, water resources assessment and management relies on available stream flow measurements. But, in developing country like Ethiopia most of river basins are ungauged. Therefore, applying remote sensing and regionalization for integrated water resources modeling in poorly gauged river basin is crucial. The available in-situ and online data of different satellite derived products, such as Climate Prediction Centre (CPC) and morphing technique (CMORPH), Tropical rainfall measurement mission (TRMM) Multi- satellite precipitation Analysis (TMPA-3B42) and Famine Early Warning System Network Global Potential Evapotranspiration (FEWS NET PET) and gauged rainfall data were used to force the semi- distributed conceptual hydrological model (HBV -96); and the results were compared with observed discharge of gauged catchments at their respective outlets. To minimize the errors of input variables, bias correction was applied for satellite products before using them as input for HBV-96 model to simulate the stream flows. To optimize model parameter for gauged catchments model calibration was performed manually by trial and error until the observed stream flow and simulated stream flow matches for 2005 - 2008, and the model was validated for 2009-2010. To have better understanding of model parameter performance the sensitivity analysis of eight model parameters was performed and the evaluation shows limit for evapotranspiration (LP), Percolation (Perc), Recession coefficient of upper reservoir zone (Khq) and Field capacity (FC) are sensitive. The stream flow simulated with the two satellite rainfall products before and after bias correction was compared to select better performing satellite products. According to the comparison CMORPH is performing better than TMPA 3B42, as it is shown on Hombole catchment outlet with NSE =0.752 and RVE=-6.92 during model calibration period and NSE= 0.72 and RVE=- 8.594 during model validation period. Furthermore, the regionalization was applied using regional model and sub basin mean methods, the result showed that the regional model outperforms as moderate performing model with NSE = 0.64 and RVE= 1.96%. According to the result from model calibration of four catchments the objective function NSE >0.8 for three catchments and NSE=0.69 for Akaki catchment was obtained. Keyword: HBV-96, Stream flow simulation, Regionalization, Satellite products, hydrological modeling, Water Resources i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First of all I want to thanks the almighty God for his support, giving joy and happiness throughout my life. Next this thesis would not have been possible without the help and the guidance of several individuals who in one way or another contributed and extended their valuable assistance in the preparation and completion of the study. In fact, it is practically difficult to list all of them, and thus the following list is awfully inadequate. However, it would be worse not to make an attempt to acknowledge those who have played a key role in the research work. For most, my grateful acknowledgement extends to my super visor Dr. Ing. T.H.M. Tom Rientjes who were sharing his valuable time, dedicated, patience and knowledge guidance throughout the thesis work. Without his support, this thesis would not be complete. Next, my thanks go to my super visor Dr. Ir. C. Christiaan Van Der Tol for his valuable comments and guidance to right way throughout the thesis work. It is unlimited pleasure to work with them. Furthermore, I never forget to acknowledge Dr. B.H.P. Ben Maathuis for his devotion adding in-situ and online data to ISOD toolbox for eases satellite data retrievals plugged in a free ware ILWIS and demonstrating it how to retrieve easily with joy and pleasure. For sure, it is my pleasure to acknowledge all ITC Water Resources Staff member for their unlimited help throughout the course. In addition I want to thank Mr. Bekele Tadesse, Mrs. Meseret Demissie, Mr. Gashowu, Mr. Gonfa Zeleke and Mr. Fufa Jebessa for their assistance during field work in Ethiopia. This is a great opportunity to express my respect and thanks to Netherlands Fellowship program (NUFFIC NFP) for full fellowship award for my whole study in the Netherlands. I would like to extend my thanks to my home University, Arba Minch University for arrangement of study leave during my study period. Last but not least, I pass my regards and blessings to all my friends, Class mates and the one above all, for all prayers and others who were giving me the strength to finish this thesis work. Thank you so much my dear Lord. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract ..........................................................................................................................................................i Acknowledgements ....................................................................................................................................... ii Table of Contents ........................................................................................................................................ iii List of Figures ............................................................................................................................................... v List of Tables ............................................................................................................................................... vi List of Annexes ........................................................................................................................................... vii List of Abbreviations and Acronomys ........................................................................................................ viii 1. Introduction .............................................................................................................................................1 1.1. Background ..................................................................................................................................................................... 1 1.2. Statement of Research Problem .................................................................................................................................. 2 1.3. Thesis Objective ............................................................................................................................................................. 2 1.3.1. Main Objective................................................................................................................................... 2 1.3.2. Specific Objectives ............................................................................................................................. 2 1.3.3. Research Questions ............................................................................................................................ 2 1.4. Outline Of The Thesis .................................................................................................................................................. 3 2. Literature Review .....................................................................................................................................5 2.1. Water Resources Modeling........................................................................................................................................... 5 2.2. Satellite Rainfall Products ............................................................................................................................................. 5 2.3. Evapotranspiration ........................................................................................................................................................ 5 2.4. HBV-96 Model ............................................................................................................................................................... 6 2.5. Previous Work on Regionalization ............................................................................................................................. 6 2.6. In-situ and Online Data (ISOD) ................................................................................................................................
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