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Blue Jay, Vol.53, Issue 1

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Blue Jay, Vol.53, Issue 1 BUTTERFLIES AND SKIPPERS OF PLATEAU MOUNTAIN, ALBERTA HAROLD W. PINEL, 1017 - 19 Avenue Northwest, Calgary, Alberta, T2M 0Z8 and NORBERT G. KONDLA, Box 762, McBride, British Columbia. VOJ 2E0 Plateau Mountain is located ap¬ teau, rising 2,256 m at the north end proximately 80 km southwest of to 2,519 m at the southern peak, was Calgary in the Highwood-Livingston above the levels of Pleistocene Range of the Rocky Mountains. The glaciation. Ice may be assumed to top of the mountain is a gently rolling have been present in all valleys plateau, and it is this feature that around the mountain at least at the gives the mountain its name and maximum of the first Cordilleran ad¬ makes it stand out from all other vance, when it is believed that the mountains in southern Alberta. The general ice level in the mountains of summit on the plateau has an eleva¬ southwestern Alberta rose to about tion of 2,519 m. Timberline generally 2,100 m.10 occurs between 2,135 and 2,300 m, with much local variation due to sub¬ There are no glaciers or perma¬ strate, topography and wind expo¬ nent snowfields on Plateau Moun¬ sure.7 tain, but permafrost exists. Perma¬ frost extends possibly to a depth of It is due to the accessibility of Pla¬ 100 m or more before the plateau, teau Mountain over the years that its the upper portion (to 30 m depth) be¬ butterflies and skippers have been ing adjusted to the present climate more intensively studied than those and the lower levels apparently of any other mountain in Canada. relic.8 The Forestry Trunk Road runs along the southern edge of the mountain. Plateau Mountain lies in the rain- On the east side of the mountain shadow east of the Continental Di¬ there is a major gas well access road vide. Little climatic data has been in the Upper Livingston River Valley. collected for the area, but Harris and Side roads leading to well sites pro¬ Brown determined the mean annual vide access to a series of cirques cut air temperature to be -4.1°C on the into the eastern slopes of the pla¬ summit, and 0.05°C in the subalpine teau. On the west side of the moun¬ forest at 2,266 m.8 These authors tain there is a natural gas well give mean precipitation for the pla¬ access road that reaches the sum¬ teau from September 1974 to Sep¬ mit. This gravelled road runs north of tember 1976 as approximately 15 the Forestry Trunk Road near the di¬ cm. Strong winds occur throughout vide between Wilkinson and Dry the year on Plateau Mountain, and Creek and winds uphill for about 9.5 are of ecological significance in re¬ km before reaching the top. This moving most of the snow from the road is closed to public vehicle traf¬ plateau. fic, but it still provides for easy foot access. The vegetation of Plateau Moun¬ tain and immediately adjacent areas It is believed that the entire pla¬ has been studied in detail.7 The 28 Blue Jay Riding’s Satyr Gary W. Seib vegetational types vary from barrens Hilchie (GH), Norbert Kondla (NK), and tundra communities to marsh/ John Lake (JOL), David Lawrie (DL), meadow and scrub communities to J.A. Legge (JL), Ross Lein (RL), subalpine forest communities to dis¬ A.I.W. MacKenzie (AM), J.S. Nordin turbed areas to saxifrage moss com¬ (JN), Ted Pike (TP), Harold Pinel munity associated with vegetated (HP), J.D. Reist (JR), Jon Shepard cliffs where seepage occurs. (JS), Steve Shigematsu (SS), Felix Sperling (FS), Ernest Williams (EW), . The only previous paper on butter¬ and R.E. Woodley (RW). All the field flies and skippers for Plateau Moun¬ records occur between 16 June and tain was a flight calendar for those 12 September. Dates indicating days specimens known to occur in the al¬ for which specimen records are pine zone.2 However, the mountain available are written in an abbrevi¬ has been frequently visited by lepi- ated format by day, month, year fol¬ dopterists and much study material lowed by the collector’s initials (e.g., exists in personal and institutional 2/7/87 TP is 2 July 1987 Ted Pike). collections, in addition to that used in These are only given for the less the preparation of this paper. common species. For the more com¬ mon species, the flight period is Annotated List The following list is a noted by the first and last dates re¬ result of field observations and col¬ corded with specimens. lections made over a period of 29 years from 1962-1990 by the follow¬ The frequency and abundance of ing people: Peter Allen (PA), R.L. the different species is subjectively Anderson (RA), A. Bird (AB), C.D. denoted by: common — occurs regu¬ Bird (CB), B. and J. Carr (BJC), C.D. larly in good numbers; fairly common Ferris (CF), L.P. Grey (LG), M. — occurs regularly in average num¬ Grinnel (MG), Cris Guppy (CG), G. bers; uncommon — occurs regularly 53(1). March 1995 29 Pearl Crescent R. W. Knapton in low numbers; occasional — oc¬ Mountain, this species was recorded curs irregularly; and rare — recorded only three times in odd years. once or twice and not likely to be seen again. ARCTIC SKIPPER (Carterocephalus palaemon) — Rare in open grassy The common names in the list, area in subalpine forest; 18/7/83 NK, with one exception, are from Miller,17 8/7/90 DL. Kondla points out the sali¬ while scientific names generally fol¬ ent features of the undescribed low Scott.19 Deviations are based on mountain subspecies.13 more recent research. COMMON BRANDED SKIPPER Hesperiidae — Skippers (Hesperia comma manitoba) — Un¬ common in alpine and subalpine PERSIUS DUSKY WING (Erynnis meadows in even-numbered years persius) — Occasional in open with a recorded flight period of 8 July grassy stretches along roadway in to 5 August. Field research and subalpine fir-Engelmann spruce for¬ analysis of available data by Kondla est at low elevations in early July; shows that this taxon flies only in 10/7/71 TP, 12/7/86 JOL, 2/7/87 TP. even-numbered years in the Rocky Mountains of Alberta and northern GRIZZLED SKIPPER (Pyrgus cen- British Columbia. This phenomenon taureae loki) — Uncommon in alpine has not been previously reported in flight records from 2 July to 6 Au¬ the literature. gust. Scott mentions that ssp. loki is biennial, flying mostly in odd years in DRACO SKIPPER (Polites draco) — Colorado, Wyoming and Labrador Rare in moist subalpine meadow; and at Churchill, Manitoba.19 Inter¬ 19/7/70 JS, 27/7/80 HP. estingly, of the ten years for which there are flight records at Plateau 30 Blue Jay Milbert’s Tortoise Shell Juhachi Asai Papilionidae — Parnassians and mann spruce woods. Flight period is Swallowtails from mid-July to early August; 10/7/71 TP, 5/8/72 GH, 16/7/77 HP, PHOEBUS’ PARNASSIAN (Parnas- 26/7/80 NK, 1/8/83 JOL. Most North sius phoebus smintheus) — Com¬ American literature has treated Pieris mon in alpine tundra and subalpine napi species group populations as meadows. Flight records from 2 July being subspecies of the European P. to 12 September; being most abun¬ napi on the basis of superficial mor¬ dant in late July and early August. phological similarity. Evidence has been mounting for years that there ANISE SWALLOWTAIL (Papilio zeli- are distinct species on this continent. caon) — Rare in open grassy area in Recently, enzyme electrophoretic subalpine fir-Engelmann spruce methods have been used to further woods; 1/8/83 JOL, 29/7/90 DL. the argument that, in North America, there are species that are distinct Pieridae — Whites and Sulphurs from P. napi6 In Alberta, there are two species — P. oleracea which WESTERN WHITE (Pieris occiden- occurs in the boreal forest and P. talis) — Common in alpine, subal¬ marginalis which occurs in the moun¬ pine meadows and disturbed open tains. areas along roadway in subalpine fir- Engelmann spruce woods. It is most CABBAGE BUTTERFLY (Pieris ra- often seen flying about local promi¬ pae) — Occasional in disturbed area nences. Flight records from 2 July to along roadways in July: 26/7/78 NK, 7 August. 19/7/83 NK, 22/7/83 HP. MARGINED WHITE (Pieris margi- LARGE MARBLE (Euchloe nalis) — Uncommon and localized, ausonides) — Occasional in open preferring shaded open areas along grassy area along roadway in sub¬ drainages in subalpine fir-Engel¬ alpine fir-Engelmann spruce woods 53(1). March 1995 31 from early July to early August; PELIDNE SULPHUR {Colias pelidne 5/8/72 GH, 2/7/87 TP, 8/7/88 HP. skinneri) — Occasional in alpine and clearings in subalpine woods: NORTHERN MARBLE (Euchloe 31/7/69 JS, 5/8/72 GH, 7/8/77 SS. creusa) — Uncommon in subalpine meadows and alpine tundra with Lycaenidae — Gossamer Wings flight records from 24 June to 6 August. LITTLE COPPER (Lycaena phlaeas arethusa) — Common in alpine and SARA ORANGE TIP (Anthocharis subalpine meadows with flight peri¬ sara) — Occasional in clearings in ods from 2 July to 12 September, be¬ subalpine fir-Engelmann spruce ing most abundant in late July and woods in July; 16/7/77 HP, 22/7/83 early August. HP. We use the species epithet “sara” only as a convenient handle to LUSTROUS COPPER {Lycaena cu- refer to the Anthocharis sara com¬ prea snowi) — Fairly common, but plex. Geiger and Shapiro present local, in alpine area. Flight records compelling evidence that present from 2 July to 7 August. taxonomy in the gross morphospe- cies “sara” is unsatisfactory.5 WESTERN TAILED BLUE {Everes amyntula albrighti) — Rare in open CLOUDED SULPHUR (Colias phi- area in lower elevation subalpine for¬ lodice eriphyle) — Common in alpine est: 3/7/71 TP.
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