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Home , Callophrys augustinus, Callophrys niphon, Cercyonis oetus, Chlosyne palla, Colias hecla, Colias palaeno

BUTTERFLIES OF THE PEACE RIVER REGION OF AND BRITISH COLUMBIA

NORBERT G. KONDLA, British Columbia Forest Service, Box 672, McBride, British Columbia, VOJ 6E0, EDWARD M. PIKE, Department of Biological

Sciences, University of , Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, and FELIX A. H.

SPERLING, Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario. K1N 6N5

Introduction Although the Peace to 1986 and was the first to find River valley and surrounding area many of the interesting taxa were explored early in Alberta’s his¬ resident in this area. Sperling ex¬ tory and have been settled since the plored the region while conducting early 1900s, little has been published research on the genus Papilio from regarding its fauna.20 Works 1980 to 1986. Kondla conducted ex¬ describing various aspects of the tensive surveys over eight years natural history of the Peace River from 1979 to 1992. We also include valley include Spalding with a gen¬ records provided by K. Avery, C. eral synthesis, Moss on plants, and Schmidt, C. Guppy, G.J. Hilchie, J. Soper on mammals and Pelham, A.W. Rupp and J. Shepard. birds.25'26’36'37'38 The primary purpose of this paper is to report on the results of this in¬ With respect to , Llewel- creased activity since 1979. lyn-Jones lists 12 species from the Peace River district of British Colum¬ The study area we deal with herein bia, and Bowman mentions six spe¬ consists of the Peace River valley cies from the Peace River district of from Bullhead Mountain/ Dunlevy Alberta.1,21 Case and Bird discuss area west of Hudson Hope, British the Peace River valley as part of a Columbia, to , Alberta; larger study area and list 32 species low elevation streams tributary to the collected along the Peace River val¬ Peace River; nearby areas which ley of Alberta.3 Ferris reports distri¬ historically contained aspen parkland bution records for various and grasslands;25 26 most lands species in the study area.8,9,10,11 within 30 km of the Peace River; and Other miscellaneous butterfly a few other areas of low elevation records have been reported in the poplar forest. Not included are Butler News of the Lepidopterists’ Ridge, British Columbia; and Mount Society31 ’32-33'34'35’41.42.43,44 Watt and Caribou Mountains in Al¬ berta even though they are very Pike conducted extensive surveys close to the Peace River valley. They while resident in Fairview from 1979

52(2). June 1994 71 Fifth instar (Papilio ZelicaonJ from Dixonville, Alberta. Felix Sperling are excluded because they support gle source that represents the con¬ distinctly different habitats and fauna sensus of butterfly students. in comparison with the remainder of Zoological names at the genus level the study area. follow Scott and we have taken spe¬ cies and subspecies names from a Specific study sites are listed in variety of published and unpublished Table 1 and geographically dis¬ contemporary sources.29 Our use of played in Figure 1. Over 96 sites common names is reasonably con¬ were visited and more than 6400 sistent with Miller.23 specimens were collected and identi¬ fied in the course of researching this Annotated List region since 1979. Specimens of rare or doubtful taxa collected before Hesperiidae 1979 have been examined and iden¬ tifications checked. Specimens are in Northern Cloudy Wing Thorybes the personal collections of the pylades Scudder authors, with some voucher speci¬ LOCALITIES: 1c, 1e, If, 2a, 3h, 4b, mens deposited in the Strickland 4j, 5d, 5i, 5j, 6g, 7b, 7i, 8d, 8e, 8i, 8j Museum, Department of Entomol¬ Flight dates: 18 May to 12 July ogy, at the University of Alberta, . Dreamy Dusky Wing Erynnis icelus (Scudder and Burgess) Butterfly nomenclature has been LOCALITIES: 1c, 1e, 1 i, 2a, 2h, 2j, both fluid and controversial in recent 3e, 3g, 5d, 5e, 5i, 5u, 8d, 8e, 8i years. Consequently there is no sin¬ FLIGHT DATES: 4 May to 21 June

72 Blue Jay Beatton River valley northeast of Fort St. John, B.C. N. Kondla

Persius Dusky Wing Erynnis per- sources and as perching sites for sius (Scudder) males. The flight period is very long LOCALITIES: 1e,1h, II, 2h, 3e, 4d, but it is unclear if this represents 8d, 8g, 8i multiple broods or a staggered emer¬ FLIGHT DATES: 16 May to 21 June gence. Previously, this taxon was known to occur as far north as Fort Grizzled Skipper Pyrgus cen- MacMurray and as far west as Ed¬ taureae freija (Warren) monton. LOCALITIES: 2j FLIGHT DATES: 3 June Arctic Skipper Carterocephalus pa- NOTES: This denizen of open black laemon mandan (W.H. Edwards) spruce bogs has only been found LOCALITIES: Ik, 2h, 2j, 3a, 3g, 4k, once in the study area, a few miles 5d, 5h, 5i, 5j, 5q, 5u, 5w, 8e, 8i west of Goodlow, BC. FLIGHT DATES: 16 May to 26 June NOTES: Case and Bird indicate that, Checkered Skipper Pyrgus commu¬ in their larger study, there is a great nis (Grote) deal of variation within this species.3 LOCALITIES: 3g, 5f, 5h, 5i, 5j, 6g Kondla listed the main differences FLIGHT DATES: 17 May to 25 between mandan and the unnamed August 25 mountain subspecies in Alberta.10 NOTES: Adults of this species fly We have found in the Peace River over the dry grasslands along the region that there is little phenotypic river valley, often visiting flowers of variation. All specimens collected are alfalfa which are used as nectar small and light in colour.

52(2). June 1994 73 Garita Skipperling Oarisma garita FLIGHT DATES: 19 June to 14 (Reakirt) August LOCALITIES: 1c, 1e, If, Ik, II, 2a, NOTES: Case and Bird report this 3h, 4e, 4k, 5d, 5f, 5h, 5i, 5j, 5u, 6f, 6g taxon under the name P. sonora da¬ FLIGHT DATES: 31 May to 3 July cotah.3 On 14 June 1981, two fresh NOTES: Populations of this species specimens were collected at Dun- appear to be largely confined to na¬ vegan. Both individuals were pud¬ tive grasslands, primarily along the dling at alkali seepages at the base Peace River valley and tributary of a steep grassy slope locally stream valleys. They have not been known as Dunvegan Hill. In 1983 collected in old fields or along high¬ specimens appeared to be more ways or road sides any distance abundant, and were seen or col¬ from native grassland. Adults differ lected along margins of aspen for¬ from those collected in other areas of ests. Alberta in that the dark areas of the ventral hind wing are greatly ex¬ Roadside Skipper Amblyscirtes tended and much darker in speci¬ vial is (W.H. Edwards) mens from the Peace River valley. LOCALITIES: 4j, 5d, 5i, 5j, 6g, 7b, 7i, Based on material collected, this 8d, 8i taxon may warrant description as a FLIGHT DATES: 20 May to 23 June distinct subspecies. NOTES: This species has not yet been found in the portion of the study Assiniboia Skipper Hesperia assini- area in British Columbia. boia (Lyman) LOCALITIES: 1e, If, 2a, 2d, 3h, 4e, 5d, 5h, 5i, 5j, 5k, 5u, 5w, 6c, 6g FLIGHT DATES: 4 August to 26 Au¬ Papilionidae gust NOTES: Adults of this taxon are lo¬ Old World Swallowtail Papilio cally abundant on the grassy slopes machaon pikei Sperling of the Peace River valley, where LOCALITIES: la*, 1c*, 1 e*. If*, 2a*, they frequent flowers of alfalfa and 5f*, 5g*, 5h*, 5j*, 6f*, 6g*, 7b*, 7i (as¬ Aster sp. The distinctive Peace River terisks indicate larval records) populations are assigned to this spe¬ FLIGHT DATES: 30 May to 14 July cies due to their very light coloration, NOTES: This race of Papilio but they show consistent phenotypic machaon is endemic to the eroding differences from specimens of this valley sides and badlands of the species collected in southern Al¬ Peace River area. It was originally berta. These differences include a reported by Llewellyn-Jones as P. strong tendency towards loss of sil¬ machaon oregonius; and by Case vering on the ventral surface, and a and Bird, and Case and Case as P. reduction of the orange colouring on machaon hudsonianus.3’4,21 Sperling the dorsal surface. The collection of described it as a patronym of Ed¬ H. assiniboia in the Peace River area ward M. Pike.37 P. m. pikei is inter¬ is a range extension of about 550 mediate among P. m. hudsonianus, km, from Redwater, Alberta.15 P. m. aliaska and P. m. oregonius in wing shape and colour markings, Long Dash Polites mystic dacotah and is best separated by habitat and (W.H. Edwards) locality. LOCALITIES: 1b, 2c, 3a, 4h, 5d, 5h, 5j, 7i, 8i Populations can be found wherever

74 Blue Jay dense patches of its larval host plant, an egg that was observed being linear-leaved wormwood (Artemisia oviposited on a small aspen poplar dracunculus), can be found. Small leaf about one metre above the larvae have been found as early as ground at ferry. Tradition¬ July 8, and all instars have been ally reported in the literature as a found in August.40 Larvae collected subspecies of Papilio glaucus but re¬ in early September had a high rate of cently the taxon canadensis has parasitism by large black ichneumon been shown to be a distinct wasps (Trogus sp.). Adults nectar at species.12 alfalfa (Medicago sativa). Males are easily found while they patrol for fe¬ males along the upper edge of prominent, south-facing valley slopes or sometimes also at host plant patches at the base of grassy Western Checkered White Pieris slopes. occidental is Reakirt LOCALITIES: 1c, 1 e. If, Ik, 2a, 3e, Zelicaon Swallowtail Papilio zeli- 3g, 3h, 4e, 4k, 5f, 5g, 5i, 5j, 5r, 5u, caon Lucas 5z, 6g, 7a, 7b, 7c, 7i, 7k, 8i, 8g LOCALITIES: la*, Id*, 1e, 1g*, II, FLIGHT DATES: 4 April to 8 Sep¬ 2h, 3a*, 3b*, 3e, 3f*, 3g, 4a*, 4c*, tember 4g*, 4h*, 41*, 5f, 6a*, 6g, 7k, 7m* (as¬ NOTES: This species was listed un¬ terisks indicate larval records) der the name P. protodice occiden- FLIGHT DATES: 17 May to 9 July talis3 It is here treated as a separate NOTES: Larvae of all instars can be species in accordance with accepted found throughout July. Adults have classification.1424 There are at least been reared from larvae collected on two broods. Early spring brood indi¬ cow parsnip (Heracleum lanatum), viduals are smaller and more heavily heart-leaved Alexanders (Z/z/'a ap- marked with dark scales on the ven¬ tera) and water parsnip (Sium tral hind wing than butterflies of the suave). P. zelicaon generally flies in summer brood which are larger and mixed forest and parkland. P. zeli¬ lighter. caon and P. machaon adults have been collected together at several lo¬ Mustard White Pieris napi oleracea calities along the high, grassy slopes Harris of the Peace River valley and a small LOCALITIES: 3g, 5d, 5e, 5i, 5q, 5u, number of hybrids have been col¬ 7i, 8a, 8g, 8h, 8i lected.39 COLLECTION DATES: 3 May to 26 July Canadian Swallowtail Papilio ca¬ nadensis Rothschild and Jordan Cabbage Butterfly Pieris rapae LOCALITIES: 1c, 1e, If, 1 h, 1 i, II, (Linnaeus) Ik, 1 j, 2a, 2e, 2h, 3a, 3b, 3d, 3e, 3g, LOCALITIES: 1e, If, Ik, In, 2a, 2f, 4b, 4e, 4k, 5d, 5f, 5g, 5h, 5i, 5j, 5k, 2j, 3e, 3g, 3h, 4d, 4e, 4k. 5d, 5f, 5h, 5u, 5w, 6e, 6f, 6g, 7 a, 7c, 7d, 7i, 7k, 5i, 5j, 5k, 5u, 5w, 6b, 6g, 7a, 7b, 7c, 7n, 8c, 8d, 8e, 8g, 8h, 8i 7e, 7f, 7i, 8c, 8e FLIGHT DATES: 15 May to 14 July FLIGHT DATES: 27 April to 29 Sep¬ NOTES: This species seems to be tember generally distributed throughout the NOTES: This introduced species is study area. Adults are found in all generally distributed throughout the habitats. An adult was reared from Peace River valley. Adults can be

52(2). June 1994 75 very abundant, frequently visiting LOCALITIES: 1e, 1 h, 1m, 2a, 2e, 2f, flowers of alfalfa in August, and lar¬ 2h, 2j, 3a, 4b, 4c, 5d, 5h, 5y, 7a, 7e, vae are considered pests of market 7k, 7m, 8i garden crops. There are at least two FLIGHT DATES: 21 June to 12 broods, and perhaps as many as August four. NOTES: Specimens of this species were misidentified as C. eurytheme3 Large Marble ausonides The taxon alberta, described from Lucas the study area by Bowman as a sub¬ LOCALITIES: 1c, 1 i, 2a, 2c, 2e, 2h, species of eurytheme, has been the 3e, 3g, 4e, 5d, 5f, 5h, 5i, 5y, 6f, 7a, subject of some debate in the litera¬ 7b, 7c, 7g, 7i, 8c, 8g, 8h ture.1 Besides having been viewed FLIGHT DATES: 16 May to 9 August as a synonym of C. Christina, it has NOTES: In June, if a large number of been attached to both C. eurytheme white butterflies is seen flying over and C. philodice vitabunda,24 As well an unploughed field in the Fairview it has been referenced as a hybrid area, it is certain that they are adults situation.6 Kondla has reviewed this of this species, and not P. rapae. In situation and determined that alberta some fields the adults are very abun¬ is in fact allied with C. Christina.17 dant. Adults are also found in jack- This species, while widespread, is sandhills, aspen forests, and only locally common. grasslands along the Peace River. Eggs are laid on budding inflores¬ Canadian Sulphur Colias canaden¬ cences of Arabis drummondii Gray, sis Ferris one egg to a plant. LOCALITIES: 1j, 7m8 FLIGHT DATES: 30 May to 4 July Creusa Marble Euchloe creusa NOTES: This recently described (Doubleday) species has in the past been re¬ LOCALITIES: 1h ported as Colias hecla. COLLECTION DATES: 26 June NOTES: So far only found in the Giant Sulphur Colias gigantea Dunlevy area where the Peace River Strecker enters the Rocky Mountains. LOCALITIES: 1j, 2j, 3a, 5d, 5g, 5j, 5y FLIGHT DATES: 14 June to 8 July Clouded Sulphur Colias philodlce NOTES: Adults appear to have a Godart very short flight period, and are al¬ LOCALITIES: 1c, 1e, If, 1j, Ik, II, most universally restricted to wet wil¬ In, 2a, 2e, 2h, 3a, 3b, 3e, 3g, 4e, 4k, low fens and catchment marshes 5d, 5f, 5h, 5i, 5j, 5k, 5u, 5y, 6g, 7d, with . 7i, 7m, 8e, 8g, 8i FLIGHT DATES: 4 May to 29 Sep¬ Pink-edged Sulphur Colias interior tember Scudder NOTES: This species appears to LOCALITIES: 1b, 2j, 3g, 4e, 5d, 7a, have a small spring brood, at least 7b, 7e, 7m two summer broods and sometimes FLIGHT DATES: 21 June to 5 a fall brood in the Peace country. August Specimens of this species were re¬ ported as C. eurytheme3 Palaeno Sulphur Colias palaeno chippewa W.H. Edwards Christina Sulphur Colias Christina FLIGHT DATES: June 18 Edwards NOTES: So far only found along

76 Blue Jay Highway 2, 56 km SE of Dawson (Fabricius) Creek in Alberta.10 LOCALITIES: 1c, 1e, If, Ik, II, In, 2a, 5d, 5 j, 6g, 8c Bronze Copper hyllus FLIGHT DATES: 28 June to 11 (Cramer) August LOCALITIES: 6c NOTES: Adults are consistently FLIGHT DATES: 17 August darker than adults of other popula¬ NOTES: A single battered male was tions in western . They collected in 1981. It could represent appear to be otherwise similar. Due a local colony or a migrant. The to the difference, description as a specimen was collected while visiting distinct subspecies may be war¬ alfalfa flowers near a marsh, and ranted. represents a range extension of about 320 km. Kondla reports that Adults are associated with the edge the species does use fens in central of native grassland, where they tend Alberta and since this species is to perch on saskatoon bushes. easy to overlook, it may well be es¬ Populations in the Fort St. John area tablished in fens and marshes in the were found to frequently display hill¬ study area.18 topping behaviour which was not ob¬ served in those from the Peace River Purplish Copper valley in Alberta. (Boisduval) LOCALITIES: 2a, 4k, 5i, 5j, 5w, 6c Striped Hairstreak Satyrium li- FLIGHT DATES: 29 June, 14 August parops (Le Conte) to 22 August LOCALITIES: le, If, Ik, II, 2a, 5d, NOTES: The of this spe¬ 5j, 6g, 7a, 7i cies and L. dorcas has been the sub¬ FLIGHT DATES: 26 June to 26 July ject of conflicting interpretations.7 28 NOTES: Individuals of this species, Based on work in Alberta we treat both male and female, are different these two as distinct species. Speci¬ from all other specimens examined mens appear to be differentiated from North America in that they are from populations in southern Alberta, darker and have a more uniform but series are too short to be certain wing pattern. They may be worthy of of constancy of differences. description as a distinct subspecies.

Dorcas Copper Lycaena dorcas Adults perch on spreading dogbane dorcas (W. Kirby) and saskatoon and chokecherry LOCALITIES: 2f, 2j bushes. They do not hilltop as regu¬ FLIGHT DATES: 6 July larly as H. titus but do engage in this NOTES: So far only found in a black behaviour. They also appear to be spruce bog a few miles west of territorial, and chase individuals of Goodlow, BC, and along Highway 64 any insect species out of their terri¬ just east of the AB/BC border. tory.

Mariposa Copper Lycaena mari- Brown Elfin augustinus posa (Reakirt) (Westwood) LOCALITIES: 1h, 4e, 7e, 7f, 7m, 8e LOCALITIES: 3e, 5c, 5d, 5e, 5o, 7j, COLLECTION DATES: 25 June to 1 8e, 8g August FLIGHT DATES: 3 May to 12 June NOTES: Adults of this species are Coral Hairstreak Harkenclenus titus found in wet and boggy areas near

52(2). June 1994 77 spruce and poplar forests, and in as a subspecies of C. argiolus. How¬ jackpine forests. ever recent research (H. Pavulaan, pers. comm.; Kondla, unpublished) Hoary Elfin Callophrys polios shows that argiolus actually consists obscurus (Ferris and Fisher) of a species complex and that lucia LOCALITIES: 2 a, 3e, 5d, 5e, 5j, 5o, may be a distinct species.30 5y, 7a, 7c FLIGHT DATES: 26 April to 8 June Silvery Blue Glaucopsyche lygda- mus couperi Grote Eastern Pine Elfin Callophrys LOCALITIES: 1c, 1e, If, 1 h, 1 i, Ik, niphon clarki Freeman II, 2a, 2c, 2e, 2h, 2j, 3a, 3b, 3e, 3g, LOCALITIES: 5d, 5o, 71 4e, 4k, 5d, 5e, 5f, 5h, 5i, 5j, 5o, 5p, FLIGHT DATES: 13 May to 23 May 5u, 5w, 5y, 6f, 6g, 7a, 7c, 7h, 7i, 7j, NOTES: On comparison with adults 8a, 8c, 8e, 8g, 8h, 8i of this subspecies from Clyde, Al¬ FLIGHT DATES: 26 April to 14 July berta, 11 specimens clearly repre¬ NOTES: Widely distributed in most sent this taxon. Their collection habitats. Recent work suggests that extends the range of this species the taxon couperi may be a distinct westward from Wood Buffalo Na¬ species from G. lygdamus5 tional Park and Clyde, AB. Northern Blue Plebejus idas scud- Callophrys deri (Edwards) eryphon (Boisduval) LOCALITIES: 1e, 1 h, 2j, 2h, 4e, 5d, LOCALITIES: 2a, 4j, 5d, 5o 6g, 7e, 7f, 7m, 8c, 8e, 8f FLIGHT DATES: 9 May to 19 June FLIGHT DATES: 21 June to 11 NOTES: The occurrence of this spe¬ August cies sympatrically with the preceding NOTES: Case and Bird report speci¬ species raises the possibility of hy¬ mens of this species as P. melissa3 bridization as suggested by Reist.27 Their specimens have been re-ex¬ A single specimen taken north of amined and they are all females of Manning may also be referable to P. idas. this species. Further study is re¬ quired to clarify the relationship be¬ Greenish Blue Plebejus saepiolus tween these two species in northern arnica (W.H. Edwards) Alberta. LOCALITIES: la, 1b, 1c, Id, 1e, If, 1 h, 1 i, 1j, 2a, 2c, 2e, 2h, 2j, 3a, 3b, Western Tailed Blue Everes amyn- 3c, 3d, 3h, 4d, 4e, 4f, 5d, 5f, 5h, 5i, tula albrightl Clench 5u, 5x, 5y, 6f, 6g, 7b, 7e, 7i, 7k, 7m, LOCALITIES: 1c, Id, 1 e, If, 1h, 1 i, 8b, 8c, 8e, 8g, 8i, 8k Ik, II, 2a, 2e, 2h, 2j, 3a, 3b, 3d, 3e, FLIGHT DATES: 30 May to 26 July 3g, 4d, 4e, 5d, 5e, 5g, 5h, 5i, 5j, 5u, NOTES: One of the ubiquitous spe¬ 5x, 5y, 6f, 6g, 7a, 7i, 7m, 8c, 8d, 8e, cies in the region. 8g, 8h, 8i FLIGHT DATES: 11 May to 1 August Rustic Blue Plebejus rusticus (W.H. Edwards) Spring Azure Celastrlna argiolus lu- LOCALITIES: 1c, 1 e, If, 2a, 3a, 3e, cia (Kirby) 4b, 4e, 5d, 5e, 5f, 5h, 5i, 5j, 6f, 7i, 8i LOCALITIES: 1e, 2a, 2j, 3g, 4e, 5d, FLIGHT DATES: 11 May to 12 July 5e, 5i, 5j, 5k, 5o, 5u, 5y, 71, 8g NOTES: A variety of genus and spe¬ FLIGHT DATES: 7 April to 11 June cies names that have been applied NOTES: Recent literature treats lucla to this taxon in recent years.19

78 Blue Jay Populations in the study area appear (F. and R. Chermock) most closely allied with subspecies LOCALITIES: 1e, 2j, 5d, 5e, 7a, 7b, rusticus but work is needed to clarify 7e, 7i, 7m, 8a, 8b, 8c, 8d, 8e, 8f, 8i the most appropriate subspecies no¬ FLIGHT DATES: 22 June to 21 menclature. August NOTES: This species is usually Adults fly on the native grasslands found in boggy or heavily wooded ar¬ along the Peace River valley, and eas. The taxonomic and nomencla- can also be found in jackpine sand¬ tural argument provided by Kondla is hills. Colonies are small and do not followed for this and the following appear to be numerous. species.18

Northwestern Fritillary Speyeria electa (W.H. Edwards) LOCALITIES: 1b, 1c, 1e, If, 1 h, Ik, II, 1m, 2a, 2j, 3a, 3b, 3e, 3g, 3h, 4c, Great Spangled Fritillary Speyeria 4e, 5g, 5h, 5i, 5j, 5u, 5y, 6b, 6f, 6g, cybele pseudocarpenteri (F. and R. 7b, 7i Chermock) FLIGHT DATES: 6 June to 1 August LOCALITIES: 1e, If, Ik, 2a, 2d, 2j, NOTES: Adults of this species ap¬ 3g, 4e, 5d, 5h, 5i pear in June with the flight period ex¬ FLIGHT DATES: 28 June to 27 tending into July. August NOTES: This very aggressive flier Mormon Fritillary Speyeria mormo- can be found in shrub thickets on nia eurynome (W.H. Edwards) valley slopes, poplar draws on valley LOCALITIES: 5u, 5w, 6g sides and upland poplar forest. Un¬ FLIGHT DATES: 26 August like individuals from more southern populations, adults in this study area Bog Fritillary Boloria eunomia very seldom nectar at flowers. dawsoni (Barnes and McDunnough) LOCALITIES: 2e, 2h, 5d, 5e, 5g, 5y, Aphrodite Fritillary Speyeria aphro¬ 8e, 8g dite manitoba (F. and R. Chermock) FLIGHT DATES: 8 June to 23 June LOCALITIES: 1e, If, 1 h, Ik, II, 1m, 2a, 2j, 5d, 5e, 5g, 5h, 5i, 5j, 5u, 8i Silver-bordered Fritillary Boloria FLIGHT DATES: 6 July to 7 Septem¬ selene (Denis and Schiffermueller) ber LOCALITIES: Id, 2h, 3a, 3g, 4a, 5b, NOTES: In the Peace River country 5d, 5i, 5k, 5u, 5y, 6b, 7a, 7d, 7e, 7m, adults of this species fly primarily in 8e late July and early August, after the FLIGHT DATES: 6 June to 25 July majority of adults of S. electa disap¬ pear. Its discovery in the Peace Meadow Fritillary Boloria bellona River region is a major range exten¬ jenistae Stallings and Turner sion, and due to the habitat informa¬ LOCALITIES: 1c, If, II, 2a, 2h, 3e, tion provided by Kondla we expect 3g, 4e, 5d, 5e, 5h, 5i, 5j, 5u, 5v, 6f, that future field work in intervening 6g, 7a, 7b, 7i, 8c, 8e, 8g, 8h, 8i areas will confirm that the Peace FLIGHT DATES: 9 May to 28 June; River populations are in fact disjunct 13 August to 25 August from others.18 NOTES: In the Peace River country this species is double brooded. Boreal Fritillary Speyeria hollandi Adults fly in old fields, forest

52(2). June 1994 79 openings, and edges of grassland to report this species, the first known areas. Pike found that eggs are laid specimen was collected by J. Belicek on violets. at Peace River town site in 1973, and a series of over 100 specimens Frigga’s Fritillary Boloria frigga now exists in collections. Adults pri¬ saga (Staudinger) marily inhabit valley-side poplar for¬ LOCALITIES: 2i, 2j, 3g, 5d, 5e, 5h, ests where the presumed food plant, 5y, 8g, 8j Aster conspicuous, grows in the un¬ FLIGHT DATES: 19 May to 23 June derstorey. However, adults are best observed at the poplar forest/grass¬ Freija Fritillary Boloria freija (Thun- land interface where they visit flow¬ berg) ers of alfalfa and spreading dogbane LOCALITIES: 2a, 2i, 2j, 3g, 4e, 5c, and Senecio sp. 5d, 5e, 5o, 5y, 7a, 7c, 71, 7n, 8g, 8h FLIGHT DATES: 26 April to 11 June There is some question as to the correct placement of this taxon. It is Purple Fritillary Boloria titania gran- clearly distinct from both C. palla in dis (Barnes and McDunnough) southern Alberta and British Colum¬ LOCALITIES: 2f, 2j, 5d, 5e, 7e, 7f, bia, but it is also distinct from C. 7m, 8i acastus from southern Alberta prai¬ FLIGHT DATES: 17 June to 23 ries. It is placed with C palla largely August because Alberta C. acastus has a monotone orange ground color on Gorgone Checkerspot the dorsal surface, and C. palla has gorgone (Huebner) a two-toned ground color. The Peace LOCALITIES: 5i, 5h River material has a two-toned FLIGHT DATES: 17 May to 26 June ground color. NOTES: An uncommon and local species in Alberta, adults are rarely Northern Crescent Phyciodes mor- collected in series. In 1980, a small pheus (Drury) colony was discovered at Green Is¬ LOCALITIES: la, 1b, Id, 1 e, If, 1h, land. Extensive investigations Ik, 2b, 2e, 2h, 2j, 3a, 3b, 3e, 3g, 4c, yielded another small colony at Dun- 4e, 5d, 5f, 5g, 5h, 5i, 5j, 5k, 5u, 5x, vegan in 1983. These are the only 6b, 6f, 6g, 6h, 7a, 7c, 7e, 7i, 7k, 8b, known colonies in the Peace River 8c, 8e, 8f, 8g, 8i region to date. FLIGHT DATES: 28 May to 23 August The colonies cover an area of about NOTES: Adults are found in or near 1/4 ha, and within that area, adults forested areas, and at the edges of are fairly abundant. Outside of that poplar forests along river bottoms. area, adults are rarely encountered. In over 100 hours of collecting, only Tawny Crescent Phyciodes batesli one specimen has ever been seen (Reakirt) over 100 m from a colony. LOCALITIES: 1c, 1e, If, Ik, II, 2a, 2 j, 3e, 4b, 4e, 5j, 5h, 5i, 6g, 7a, 7i Northern Checkerspot Chlosyne FLIGHT DATES: 23 May to 14 July palla (Boisduval) NOTES: Larvae are web spinners, LOCALITIES: 1c,Ik, 2a, 5f, 5h, 5j, which is a reliable character in sepa¬ 6g, 7a, 7i, 8c, 8i rating this species from the preced¬ FLIGHT DATES: 23 May to 14 July ing one. This species is found NOTES: Although Case and Bird fail around the shrubs of the grasslands,

80 Blue Jay and is not often found flying with P. NOTES: Adults are found in and morpheus. near poplar forests where is growing. Field Crescent Phyciodes pratensis (Behr) Compton Tortoise Shell Nymphalis LOCALITIES: 1h vau-album (Denis and Schiffermuel- FLIGHT DATES: 26 June ler) NOTES: So far only found in the LOCALITIES: 1 e, 1 h, 3g, 4 e, 5d Dunlevy area. FLIGHT DATES: 24 May to 17 August Satyr Anglewing satyrus Mourning Cloak Nymphalis antiopa (W.H. Edwards) (Linnaeus) LOCALITIES: 1h, 3g, 4b, 5d, 5e, 51, LOCALITIES: 1e, If, 2a, 3g, 4b, 4e, 5j, 6g, 7a, 7c 5d, 5h, 5i, 5j, 5k, 5w, 5z, 6g, 8c FLIGHT DATES: 17 April to 30 June FLIGHT DATES: 16 April to 23 (hibernating generation), and 15 July August to 18 August (new generation). NOTES: Adults are found in any for¬ Milbert’s Tortoise Shell Nymphalis ested area where shaded stinging milberti (Say) nettles are found. Pike confirmed LOCALITIES: 1 e. If, 1 h, 1 j, 2f, 2h, stinging nettle as a larval food plant 3g, 4e, 4k, 5d, 5h, 5i, 6g, 7k, 7m in this area. FLIGHT DATES: 25 May to 14 August Green Comma Polygonia faun us (W.H. Edwards) Painted Lady Vanessa cardui (Lin¬ LOCALITIES: If, 1 h, 2a, 5d, 7b, 8a naeus) FLIGHT DATES: 11 April to 17 LOCALITIES: 1c, If, In, 2a, 5i, 5u, August 5w FLIGHT DATES: 28 May to 8 Sep¬ Hoary Comma Polygonia gracilis tember Grote and Robinson NOTES: A large migration into the LOCALITIES: 3g, 5e, 8j Peace River area occurred in 1979. FLIGHT DATES: 21 April to 11 June Many fresh adults were seen NOTES: Specimens are provisionally throughout the area in August and listed under this taxon for lack of a September. Smaller migrations oc¬ better available name. Individuals curred in 1991 and 1992. from most parts of the boreal forest in and British Co¬ Red Admiral Vanessa atalanta ru- lumbia are black and gray on the bria (Fruhstorfer) ventral surface while nominate LOCALITIES: 5w, 6g, 8c, 8e, 8h gracilis is two-toned brown on the FLIGHT DATES: 10 June to 17 June ventral surface. More work is needed on the taxa gracilis and zephyrus in White Admiral Limenitis arthemis this part of the continent.18 rubrofasciata (Barnes and McDun- nough) Gray Comma Polygonia progne LOCALITIES: 1c, 1e, If, 1h, Ik, II, (Cramer) 2a, 2e, 2h, 2j, 3a, 3e, 3g, 4b, 4c, 4e, LOCALITIES: If, 2a, 3g, 5d, 5i, 5j, 5d, 5e, 5f, 5g, 5h, 5i, 5j, 5y, 6b, 6g, 6g, 8i 7a, 7b, 7c, 7h, 7i, 7k, 8e, 8i FLIGHT DATES: 17 April to 26 FLIGHT DATES: 7 June to 11 August August

52(2). June 1994 81 Inornate Ringlet Ceononympha FLIGHT DATES: 3 June inornata McDunnough NOTES: So far only found in a LOCALITIES: 1c, Id, 1e, If, 1 i, 1 j, spruce bog west of Goodlow, BC. Ik, II, 2a, 2c, 3b, 3e, 3g, 4b, 4c, 4d, Relatively little work was done in 4e, 4f, 4k, 5d, 5f, 5g, 5h, 5i, 5j, 5u, spruce bogs and this species is cer¬ 5w, 5y, 6d, 6f, 6g, 8c, 8g, 8i tainly more widely distributed in the FLIGHT DATES: 11 May to 16 July region than this one record would in¬ NOTES: Adults of this taxon appear dicate. to be somewhat differentiated from adults of this taxon from elsewhere Red Disked Alpine discoi- in Alberta. There is a tendency to be dalis macdunnoughi Dos Passos darker, and a reduction or absence LOCALITIES: 1g, 1 j, 2j, 3g, 5c, 5d, of eyespots on the forewing. This, at 5e, 5i, 5u, 5y, 7i, 71 least, is true of populations from the FLIGHT DATES: 26 April to 24 May native grasslands. Roadside popula¬ NOTES: This species was reared by tions do not show these tendencies. Pike (unpublished), and the life cycle Thus there may be native and intro¬ photographed and described. The duced populations with limited inter¬ most noteworthy point of the life cy¬ action between them. cle is that mature larvae spin flimsy cocoons before pupating. Common Wood Nymph pegala ino (Hall) Common Alpine Erebia epipsodea LOCALITIES: 1 e, If, Ik, II, 2a, 2j, free man i Erhlich 3g, 3h, 4i, 5d, 5h, 5i, 5j, 5k, 5u, 5w, LOCALITIES: 1c, 1e, If, 1 h, 1i, 1j, 6d, 7a, 7b, 7f, 7i Ik, II, 2a, 3g, 3h, 4b, 4d, 4e, 4k, 5d, FLIGHT DATES: 28 June to 23 5f, 5h, 5i, 5j, 5u, 5w, 5y, 7i, 71 August FLIGHT DATES: 13 May to 28 June NOTES: Specimens collected from native grasslands appear darker Macoun’s Arctic macounii than specimens from southern Al¬ (W.H. Edwards) berta, but specimens from road sides LOCALITIES: 4j, 5e, 8e, 8i in the Alberta part of the region are FLIGHT DATES: 11 June to 20 June much like the rest of the Alberta NOTES: Adults fly in the vicinity of populations. Here, as in the preced¬ jackpine sandhills and will hilltop. ing species, there may be native and introduced populations interacting. Uhler’s Arctic (Reakirt) Dark Wood Nymph Cercyonis oetus LOCALITIES: 1c, 1e, If, Ik, II, 2a, (Boisduval) 4b, 4e, 5f, 5h, 5i, 5j, 6g, 7i LOCALITIES: 1c, 1e, If, 1i, II, In, 2a FLIGHT DATES: 7 May to 3 July FLIGHT DATES: 4 July to 11 August NOTES: Adults from the Peace River NOTES: This species seems to be valley are distinct from adults col¬ restricted to the BC side of the lected in other parts of Alberta in that Peace River valley, and many adults they are mostly larger, darker and are substantially darker than adults have more eyespots. from other areas of British Columbia and Alberta. Females oviposit on many species of grasses, and eggs take about three Disa Alpine Erebia disa mancina weeks to hatch. Mature larvae pu¬ Doubleday pate in early May. LOCALITIES :2j

82 Blue Jay Alberta Arctic Elwes manitoba (Scudder) — MacNeil re¬ LOCALITIES: 2a, 4e, 5d, 5e, 5i, 5j, ports one female collected 24 August 5z, 6f, 6g 1961 at Hotchkiss River.22 We treat FLIGHT DATES: April 26 to June 18 this as a hypothetical species at this NOTES: First reported by Kondla time because we have not been able from Kleskun Hill. Adults of this to verify the identification and this taxon are locally common along the taxon is known from only one other Peace River in the native grasslands location in the boreal forest of Al¬ from Clayhurst to Peace River. They berta. The flight date strongly sug¬ are also found occasionally in jack- gests that this specimen could be H. pine sandhills. This is one of the first assiniboia. The taxonomy of Hespe¬ butterflies to fly in the spring. Fe¬ ria in North America needs more males oviposit on many species of work, especially to determine rela¬ grasses, and eggs hatch in about 30 tionships (if any) to European Hes¬ days. Mature larvae overwinter and peria comma. pupation occurs in early April, often before the snow has completely Peck’s Skipper Polites peckius (W. melted. Kirby) — This species has been found north, south, east and west of Peace River populations may repre¬ the study area, so it is just a matter sent a distinct subspecies which is of time before it is discovered here, it being investigated by Pike. should be looked for in fens, marshes and moist meadows. Jutta Arctic Oeneis jutta ridingiana F. and R. Chermock White Pieris sisymbrii LOCALITIES: 2j,5d,5e, 8e (Boisduval) — Specimens were col¬ FLIGHT DATES: 3 June to 13 June lected by K. Bowman in the vicinity of Fort Vermilion and further work may yet confirm the presence of this species in the study area. Discussion A total of 76 species have now been documented for this Melissa Blue Plebejus melissa W.H. study area. We have not included a Edwards — Two males and one fe¬ number of taxa collected by K. Bow¬ male collected by K. Bowman at man in 1925 at an undetermined lo¬ Wembly in 1925 appear to be of this cation near Fort Vermilion. Although species. Genitalia have not been ex¬ specimens are in the collection of the amined and more work is needed to University of Alberta, the exact local¬ clarify whether or not this species ity where these were collected is un¬ does occur in the study area. known and may not be within the study area as defined herein. Efforts Blue Plebejus optilete yuk- by the writers and G.J. Hilchie to find ona (Holland) — This species has the source of Bowman’s records, been found northwest, east and both in the field and through file infor¬ southeast of the study area. Field mation, have been unsuccessful. work in spruce bogs during early July will likely turn up populations in the Only a few species are candidates study area. for future addition to the fauna of the study area: Chryxus Arctic caryi Dyar — Specimens were col¬ Manitoba Skipper Hesperia comma lected by K. Bowman in the general

52(2). June 1994 83 area of Fort Vermilion. This species southern or southeastern range was reported by Case and Bird but limits here. we have been unable to verify their record.3 Additional exploration of Ten of these taxa are also clearly pine forests in June is needed to de¬ disjunct for distances of 200 to 500 termine if this taxon occurs in the km from the nearest related popula¬ study area. tions to the south and southeast: P. communis, O. garita, H. assiniboia, Analysis of the adult flight phenology P. machaon pikei, H. titus, S. li¬ data (Table 2) shows that two-thirds parops, C. gorgone, C. palla, O. of the species are on the wing in late uhleri and O. alberta. These same June. Relatively high species diver¬ taxa also have highly circumscribed sity can be observed from mid-May distributions within the study area, through early July. Substantially being wholly or largely confined to fewer species are on the wing in late the Peace River valley and, in some April to early May and mid-July to cases, nearby tributary stream val¬ late August. leys. Cercyonis oetus is also disjunct but is limited to the western part of The northern limit of the study area is the study area and flies outside of almost as far north as Churchill, the Peace River lowlands as well. Manitoba, which is well known for its Five taxa may be disjunct but addi¬ arctic and subarctic butterflies. The tional work in areas to the east and Peace River region is unique as a southeast is needed to clarify this: L. northern area due to its high species hyllus, L. helloides, P. rusticus nr. diversity and due to disjunct and rusticus, S. aphrodite manitoba, and range-edge populations of species C. inornata nr. benjamini. that are distinctly southern in their primary distribution. Thus the study 1. BOWMAN, K. 1942. A note on Colias area is at the limits of the range of 23 eurytheme Bdv., with description of a new race (, Pieridae). taxa. Can. Ent. 74:25.

Taxa which are at the northern and 2. - 1951. An annotated list of the Lepidoptera of Alberta. Can. J. of Zo¬ northwestern limits of their range ology 29:121-165. here are: O. garita, H. assiniboia, P. mystic dacotah, A. vial is, H. titus, S. 3. CASE, J.W. and C.D. BIRD. 1977. liparops, S. cybele pseudocarpenteri, Butterflies and skippers of west-cen¬ tral Alberta. Blue Jay 35:208-219. C. pegala, O. uhleri ssp., and O. al¬ berta. S. aphrodite manitoba, P. 4. CASE, V. and J. CASE. 1980. Bear batesii and C. inornata nr. benjamini Canyon Area. pp.284-285 in SPALD¬ ING, D. A. E. (senior editor). A nature are at their western and northwest¬ guide to Alberta. Provincial Museum ern range limits here. The following of Alberta Publication No. 5. Hurtig, taxa are at their northwestern range Edmonton. 368 pp. limits here: P. communis, L. hyllus, 5. DIRIG, R. and J.F. CRYAN. 1991. L. helloides, P. rusticus nr. rusticus, The status of Silvery Blue subspecies C. gorgone. Three taxa are at their (Glaucopsyche lygdamus lygdamus northern range limits here: P. zeli- and G. I. couperi: ) in New York. J. of the Lepidopterists’ Soc. caon, C. palla, and C. oetus. C. 45:272-290. niphon and E. epipsodea freemani are at their western range limits. It is 6. FERRIS, C.D. 1972. Notes on certain interesting to note that none of the species of Colias (Lepidoptera, Pieri¬ dae) found in and associ¬ taxa in the study area are at their ated regions. Bull, of the Allyn Museum 5:1-23.

84 Blue Jay 7. - 1977. Taxonomic revision of the 21. LLEWELLYN-JONES, J.R.J. 1951. An species dorcas Kirby and helloides annotated check list of the macrolepi- Boisduval in the genus Epidemia doptera of British Columbia. Ent. Soc. Scudder (Lycaenidae:). of British Columbia, Occasional Paper Bull, of the Allyn Museum 45:1 -42. No. 1. 148 pp. 8. - 1982. Revision of North Ameri¬ can Colias hecla Lefebvre (Pieridae: 22. MACNEIL, C.D. 1964. The skippers of Coliadinae). Bull, of the Allyn Museum the genus Hesperia in western North 71:1-19. America with special reference to California (Lepidoptera:Hesperiidae). 9. - 1987. A revision of the North University of California Publications in American Salix-feeding Colias spe¬ Entomology 35:1 -222. cies (Pieridae:Coliadinae). Bull, of the Allyn Museum 112:1 -25. 23. MILLER, J.Y. 1992. The common names of North American butterflies. 10. - 1988a. Revision of several North Smithsonian Institution Press, Wash¬ American leguminosae-feeding Colias ington. 177 pp. species, with description of a new subspecies (Pieridae:Coliadinae). 24. MILLER, L.D. and F.M. BROWN. Bull, of the Allyn Museum 116:1 -28. 1981. A catalogue/checklist of the but¬ terflies of America North of Mexico. 11. - 1988b. Revision of the North The Lepidopterists’ Society Memoir American Ericaciae[s/'c]-feeding No. 2. 280 pp. Colias species (Pieridae:Coliadinae). Bull, of the Allyn Museum 122:1 -34. 25. MOSS, E.H. 1952. Grassland of the Peace River region, western . 12. HAGEN, R.H., R.C. LEDERHOUSE, Can. J. of Botany 30:98-124. J.L. BOSSART and J.M. SCRIBER. 1991. Papilio canadensis and P. glau- 26. - 1953. Forest communities in cus (Papilionidae) are distinct spe¬ northwestern Alberta. Can. J. of Bot¬ cies. J. of the Lepidopterists’ Soc. any 31:212-252. 45:245-258. 27. REIST, J.D. 1979. 13. HILCHIE, G.J. 1985. The tiger beetles (Lycaenidae) in Alberta with notes on of Alberta (Coleoptera: Carabi- the identification of C. niphon and C. dae,Cicindelini). Quaestiones Ento- eryphon. J. of the Lepidopterists' Soc. mologicae 21:319-347. 33:248-253.

14. HOWE, W.H. (ed.). 1975. The butter¬ 28. SCOTT, J.A. 1979. The identity of the flies of North America. Doubleday and Rocky Mountain Lycaena dorcas-hel- Co. Inc. New York. 632 pp. loides complex. J. of Research on the Lepidoptera 17:40-50. 15. KONDLA, N.G. 1985. Skippers and butterflies of a boreal forest sand 29. - 1986. The butterflies of North dune area in Alberta. Alberta Natural¬ America: a natural history and field ist 15:42-48. guide. Stanford University Press, Stanford. 583 pp. 16. - 1986. Skippers and butterflies of the Kootenay Plains, Alberta. Alberta 30. - 1992. Hostplant records for but¬ terflies and skippers (mostly from Naturalist 16:11-14. ) 1959-1991, with new life 17. - 1991. A discussion on the cor¬ histories and notes on oviposition, im- rect status of Colias eurytheme al¬ matures and ecology. Papilio (New berta. Utahensis 6:44-45. Series) 6:1-171.

18. - 1992. An update on the butter¬ 31. SHEPARD, J.H. 1981. (compiler) flies of the Redwater sand dunes. Al¬ Zone 2: Pacific Northwest: Oregon, berta Naturalist 22:10-17. Washington, British Columbia, p. 15 in 1980 Season Summary, News of the 19. KONDLA, N.G. and C. SCHMIDT. Lepidopterists’ Soc. 1981 (2):13-28. 1991. Fall emergence of Plebejus rus- ticus. Alberta Naturalist 21:50. 32. - 1982. (compiler) Zone 2: Pacific Northwest: Oregon, Washington, Brit¬ 20. LARSON, D.J. 1975. The predaceous ish Columbia, p. 16 in 1981 Season water beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae, Summary, News of the Lepidopterists' Cicindelini). Quaestiones Entomologi- Soc. 1982(2):13-31. cae 21:319-347.

52(2). June 1994 85 33. - 1983. (compiler) Zone 2 Pacific Western Canada. Quaestiones Ento- Northwest: Oregon, Washington, Brit¬ mologicae 23:198-315. ish Columbia, pp. 15-16 in 1982 Sea¬ son Summary, News of the 40. SPERLING, F.A.H. and N.G. Lepidopterists' Soc. 1983(2):13-35. KONDLA. 1991. Alberta Swallowtails and Parnassians: natural history, keys 34. - 1984. (compiler) Zone 2 Pacific and distribution. Blue Jay 49:183-192. Northwest: , Oregon, Washing¬ ton, British Columbia, pp. 14-15 in 41. STANFORD, R.E. 1980. (compiler) 1983 Season Summary, News of the Zone 3 (Rocky Mountains): Alberta, Lepidopterists’ Soc. 1984(2) :13-33. , Wyoming, , Colorado and , p. 15 in 1979 Sea¬ 35. - 1990. (compiler) Zone 2 Pacific son Summary, News of the Lepidop- Northwest: Idaho, Oregon, Washing¬ terists’ Soc. 1980(2):13-27. ton, British Columbia, pp. 14-15 in 1989 Season Summary, News of the 42. - 1982. (compiler) Zone 3: Rocky Lepidopterists’ Soc. 1990(2): 13-34. Mountains: Alberta, Idaho, Montana, Wyoming, Utah, Colorado, and New 36. SOPER, J.D. 1948. Mammal notes Mexico, p. 17 in 1981 Season Sum¬ from the Grande -Peace River mary, News of the Lepidopterists’ region, Alberta. J. of Mammalogy Soc. 1982(2):13-31. 29:49-64. 43. - 1983. (compiler) Zone 3. Rocky 37. - 1949. Birds observed in the Mountains: Alberta, Idaho, Montana, -Peace River region of Utah, Colorado and New Mexico, p northwestern Alberta, Canada. Auk 16-17 in 1982 Season Summary, 66:233-257. News of the Lepidopterists’ Soc. 1983(2):13-35. 38. SPALDING D.A.E. (senior editor) 1980. A nature guide to Alberta. Pro¬ 44. - 1992. (compiler) Zone 4. Rocky vincial Museum of Alberta Special Mountains: Alberta, Montana, Wyo¬ Publication No. 5. Hurtig. 368 pp. ming, Utah, Colorado and New Mex¬ ico. p 6-13 in 1991 Season Summary, 39. SPERLING, F.A.H. 1987. Evolution of News of the Lepidopterists’ Soc. the Papilio machaon species group in 1992(2) :1 -31.

86 Blue Jay Table 1. LIST OF SPECIFIC COLLECTING SITES WITH REFERENCE NUMBERS SHOWN ON FIGURE 1

la 5-7 km NE of Hudson Hope 5b 3 km N of b 15 km SW of Attachie c George Lake c 3 km NW of Attachie d Sandhill Lake d 15 km W of Fort St. John e Gage e District of Taylor f Highland Park f Beatton River ENE of Fort St. John g 30 km W of Fairview g Cecil Lake h Dunvegan h Bullhead Mountain and Dunlevy areas i Green Island adjacent to Williston Lake (low elevations) J 16 km SE of Fairview i Beatton River 8 km NE of Rose Prairie k 13 km S of Bluesky j Highway, Milepost 29 1 8 km S of Bluesky k 10 km E of Taylor n Camp Island, 20 km S of Whitelaw 1 Bear Flat 0 7 km S of Whitelaw m Halfway Indian Reserve and vicinity P 4 km SE of Whitelaw q Whitelaw r 5 km SW of s Figure 8 Lake, 13 km N of Brownvale u 10 km SW of Fairview w Fairview X 3 km N of Fairview y 11 km N of Fairview z Fairview Ski Hill

2a Clayhurst Bridge 6a 18 km S of Dixonville b 6.5 km S of Bear Canyon b Lac Cardinal c Bear Canyon c 2 km S of Lac Cardinal d Highway 64 at Clear River d Grimshaw e Boundary Lake e 16 km SE of Grimshaw f Highway 64, 3 km E of AB/BC boundary f Shaftsebury Ferry g 22 km N of Bear Canyon g Peace River (town) h 30 km N of Bear Canyon h 10 km S of Peace River i 11 km W of Worsley j N of Clayhurst and Goodlow area 3a Sunset Prairie 7a 16 km E of Northstar b Bear Mountain b 20 km E of Northstar c Demmitt c 14 km E of Deadwood d White Mountain fire lookout tower, d Deadwood fire tower, 10 km S 25 km SW of Spirit River of Deadwood e Spirit Ridge, 14 km S of Spirit River e 25 km S of Manning f 2 km E of Woking g Codessa fire lookout tower, 14 km S of Codessa h Pouce Coupe 4a 21 km W of b c Wembly d 2 km S of Clairmont Lake e Kleskun Hill f Highway 34 at Smokey River g Debolt h 3 km W of Calais i 25 km W of High Prairie j 10 km S of Grande Prairie k Grande Prairie

52(2). June 1994 87 Table 2. ADULT BUTTERFLY FLIGHT PHENOLOGY

‘X’ = species has been found in a phenology unit, ‘o’ = it has not. Each month is divided into 3 phenology units; the first days 1-10, the second days 11 -20 and the third days 21-end. SPECIES APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP

Thorybes pylades 000 oXX XXX oXo 000 000 Erynnis icelus 000 XXX XXX 000 000 000 Erynnis persius 000 oXX XXX 000 000 000 Pyrgus centaureae 000 000 Xoo 000 000 000 Pyrgus communis 000 oXo XXX oXo XXX 000 Carterocephalus palaemon 000 oXX XXX Xoo 000 000 Oarisma garita 000 ooX XXX Xoo 000 000 Hesperia assiniboia 000 000 000 000 XXX 000 Polites mystic 000 000 oXX XXX oXo 000 Amblyscirtes vial is 000 oXX XXX 000 000 000 Papilio machaon 000 ooX XXX XXo 000 000 Papilio zelicaon 000 oXX XoX Xoo 000 000 Papilio canadensis 000 oXX XXX XXo 000 000 Pieris occidentalis XoX XXX XXX XXX XXX Xoo Pieris napi 000 XXX XXo ooX 000 000 Pieris rapae ooX XXX XXX XXX XXX Xoo Euchloe ausonides 000 oXX XXX 000 Xoo 000 Euchloe creusa 000 000 ooX 000 000 000 Colias philodice 000 XXX XXX XXX XXX XoX Colias Christina 000 000 ooX XoX XXo 000 Colias canadensis 000 ooX 000 Xoo 000 000 Colias gigantea 000 000 oXX Xoo 000 000 Colias interior 000 000 ooX XoX Xoo 000 Colias palaeno 000 000 oXo 000 000 000 Lycaena hyllus 000 000 000 000 oXo 000 Lycaena helloides 000 000 ooX 000 oXX 000 Lycaena dorcas 000 000 000 Xoo Xoo 000 000 000 ooX ooX Xoo 000 Harkenclenus titus 000 000 ooX XXX Xoo 000 Satyrium liparops 000 000 ooX XXX 000 000 Callophrys augustinus 000 XXX oXo 000 000 000 Callophrys polios ooX XXX Xoo 000 000 000 Callophrys niphon 000 oXX 000 000 000 000 Callophrys eryphon 000 XXo oXo 000 000 000 Everes amyntula 000 XXX XXX XXo Xoo 000 Celastrlna argiolus XoX XXX XXo Xoo 000 000 Glaucopsyche lygdamus ooX XXX XXX Xoo 000 000 Plebejus idas 000 000 ooX XXo XXo 000 Plebejus saepiolus 000 ooX XXX XXX 000 000 Plebejus rustlcus 000 XXX XXX oXo 000 000 Spejeria cybele 000 000 ooX XXo XXX 000 Speyerla aphrodite 000 000 000 XXX XXX Xoo Speyeria hollandi 000 000 ooX 000 XXo 000 Speyeria electa 000 000 XXX XXX Xoo 000 Speyerla mormonia 000 000 000 000 ooX 000 Bolorla eunomia 000 000 XXX 000 000 000 Boloria selene 000 oXo XXX XXX 000 000 Boloria bellona 000 XXX XXX Xoo XXX 000 Bolorla frigga 000 oXX XXX 000 000 000 Boloria freija ooX XXX XXo 000 000 000 Boloria titania 000 000 000 ooX XXX 000

88 Blue Jay Table 2 (continued) ADULT BUTTERFLY FLIGHT PHENOLOGY

SPECIES APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP

Chlosyne gorgone 000 oXX XXX 000 000 000 Chlosyne palla 000 ooX XXX XXo 000 000 Phyciodes morpheus 000 ooX XXX XXo XXo 000 Phyciodes batesii 000 ooX XXX XXo 000 000 Phyciodes prate ns is 000 000 ooX 000 000 000 Polygonia satyrus oXX XXX ooX oXX XXX 000 Polygonia faunus oXX oXX Xoo 000 XXX 000 Polygonia gracilis ooX oXX XXo 000 000 000 Polygonia progne oXX XXX XXX 000 XXX 000 Nymphalis vau-album 000 ooX ooX 000 XXo 000 Nymphalis antiopa ooX XXX XXX 000 XXX 000 Nymphalis milberti 000 XXX oXX oXo XXo 000 Vanessa cardui 000 ooX XXo 000 Xoo Xoo Vanessa atalanta 000 000 XXo 000 000 000 Limenitis arthemis 000 000 XXX XXo XXo 000 Coenonympha inornata 000 oXX XXX XXo 000 000 Cercyonis pegala 000 000 ooX XXX XXX 000 Cercyonis oetus 000 000 000 XXX XXo 000 Erebia disa 000 000 Xoo 000 000 000 Erebia discoidalis ooX XXX 000 000 000 000 Erebia epipsodea 000 oXX XXX 000 000 000 000 000 oXo 000 000 000 Oeneis uhleri 000 XXX XXX Xoo 000 000 Oeneis alberta ooX XXX XXo 000 000 000 Oeneis jutta 000 000 XXo 000 000 000

52(2). June 1994 89 Figure 1. LOCATION OF COLLECTING SITES LISTED IN TABLE 1. Stippled portions show areas identified as containing native grasslands.25 Insert shows study region within Alberta and British Columbia, with numbers showing eight general collecting areas. Some sites are not shown because they would overlap nearby sites in the figure; missing sites can be related to nearby sites by using Table 1.

90 Blue Jay