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The Horses of San Marco

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The Horses of San Marco THE METROPOLITAN MUSEUM OF ART M BIM M M M Mi m ara unan IHR mini 0620 00630801 8 The Horses of San Marco The Metropolitan Museum of Art February 1 -June 1,1980 New York Presented by Olivetti The Horses of San Marco The four bronze Horses that have stood The Horses have been dated from as for centuries over the entrance to the early as the 4th century B.C. to as late as Basilica of San Marco in Venice are the 4th century A.D. among the greatest masterpieces of In this exhibition, the context of the ancient art. Recent concern for their Horses is suggested by works of art preservation has led to the removal of the assembled from European collections and Horses, and in future they will be ex­ from the Metropolitan Museum. The hibited indoors. The originals will be ancient Greek and Roman objects include replaced on the facade by reproduc­ full-scale equestrian bronzes which offer tions. The Basilica of San Marco has thus comparisons between the San Marco been able to lend one of the Horses Horses and other horses of antiquity. to an exhibition shown in Venice, The Horses' role in the development of London, and now in New York at Western art is illustrated in a gallery of The Metropolitan Museum of Art. bronzes and drawings by Renaissance The four Horses have a long history of and later masters, including Leonardo traveling. Their origins are still un^ da Vinci. certain, but it is known that they came to The exhibition in New York has been Venice from Constantinople (now made possible through the generous co­ Istanbul) in 1204, following the conquest operation of the Procurators of San ofthat city by the Crusaders. They Marco, the government of Italy, Her originally formed a team which drew a Majesty Queen Elizabeth II, and the quadriga, a four-horse chariot, long Royal Academy in London. It is since lost, and are the only such team to presented by Olivetti. survive intact from classical antiquity. Venetian, late 15th century Lion of San Marco Cover: Horse from San Marco Wood. H.70 cm. Engraving. 174H (sec no. 93) The winged lion supporting the open gospel of St. Mark is the symbol of the Venetian Republic. © 1980 The Metropolitan Museum of Art Venice, Basilica of San Marco. Museo Marciano Design: John Morning Classical Antiquity The domesticated horse came to the This choice has been supplemented by an Mediterranean from Central Asia in the even larger number of works from the second millennium B.C. It was probably Museum's own collection, of which the introduced into Greece in the middle of earliest here shown go back to the the sixteenth century B.C. and is fre­ sixth century B.C. quently represented in art of the Bronze In Greek and Roman art a distinction Age, on vases, wall paintings, and re­ is made between horses that serve as liefs . In the Geometric Period bronze mounts for riders and those that are har­ statuettes of horses are common votive nessed to a chariot, either in pairs (for offerings, and horses, whether mounted, a biga) or in fours (for a quadriga). unmounted, or in teams, are frequently Chariot races and horse races formed an shown on vases. integral part of the great Panhellenic For this exhibition, centered around competitions held at Olympia, Delphi, one of the Horses from San Marco, the Athens, and elsewhere, games from Italian government has lent a score of which the circus evolved in Roman other classical representations of horses — times. Also Roman in origin is the on marble reliefs, on mosaic panels, triumphal chariot. and, most important of all, in bronze. Marble relief of a horse race Marble head and neck of a horse Found in Velletri Broken from a statue Greek, late 6th or early 5th century B.C. H. 26 cm. Said to have been found in Eleusis Greek, first half of 6th century B.C. Rome, Musco Nazionale Romano, inv. 8549 H. as preserved 33}) cm. Marble relief of a horseman The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Said to be from Rhodes Bequest of Walter C. Baker, 1972 1972.118.1 Greek, second half of 4th century B.c. H. 46 cm. The Metropolitan Museum ot Art. Marble relief of a horseman Rogers Fund. 1907 Said to be from Athens 07.286.111 Greek, late 5th century B.C. H. without dowel 41.9 cm. Marble relief of a horseman Found in Rome The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Bequest of WalterC. Baker. 1972 Roman copy of a Greek original 1972.118.107 of the 4th centurv B.C. H. 44 cm. Rome, Museo Barracco, inv. 134 7 Marble relief of a horseman 13 Black-figured amphora Greek, mid-4th century B.C. H. 25.3 cm. Frontal chariot (On the other side, Theseus and the Minotaur) The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Rogers Fund. 1912 Attic, about 540- 530 B.C. H. 40 cm. 12.229.1 Attributed to Group E F.x colls. A. Bourguignon; A. Sambon: W' R Hearst 8 Bronze statue of a horse The Metropolitan Museum of Art. The rider is missing. Fletcher Fund. 1956 56.171.12 Found in Trastevere. 1849 Roman copy of a Greek original of the 14 Black-figured amphora late 4th century B.C. H. 2 m. On each side, departure of a war chariot Rome. Palazzo dei Conservatori, inv. 1U>4 Attic, about 530 B.C. H. 51.5 cm. Attributed to the Swing Painter 9 Bronze statuette of a horse Ex coll. E.P.Warren Said to be from Locri in southern Italy The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Greek, early 6th century B.C. H. 16.8 cm. Rogers Fund, 1917 17.2 The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Gift of Alexander P. Morgan. Mrs. Sara Cardner Tiers. 15 Black-figured Panathenaic Prize amphora Mrs. Marv |osephine Gardner Gregg, and Alfred \V. Gardner. 1958-59 Chariot race 58.180.1 (On the obverse, statue of Athena Polias and inscription) 10 Bronze statuette of a horse Attic, about 520 B.C. H. 62.9 cm. Said to be from Greece Compared with a vase by the Painter ot Boulogne 441 Greek. 6th century B.C. H. 7.6 cm. Ex coll. W.R.Hearst Ex colls. Mme Melas; Walter C. Baker The Metropolitan Museum of Art. The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Fletcher Fund. 1956 56.171.4 Bequest of Walter C. Baker. 1972 1972.118 16 Black-figured neck-amphora with lid On each side, departure of a quadriga 11 Bronze statuette of a mounted warrior Attic, about 530 B.C. H. 46.5 cm. Said to be from Greece Attributed to Exekias Greek, second half of 6th century B.C. H. 6.2 cm. Lx coll. Thomas Hope The Metropolitan Museum of Art, The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Purchased with proceeds of sales. ll>23 Rogers Fund. 1917 23.46 -1.14 17 Black-figured oinochoe (wine jug) 12 Black-figured amphora Harnessing of a chariot On each side, in a panel, a rider Said to be from Delphi Attic, about 540-530 B.C. H. 55.7 cm. Attic, about 500 B.C. H. 25.4 cm. Related to Lydos Attributed to the Gela Painter The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Rogers Fund. 1951 Ex coll. E. Geladakis 51.11.3 The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Rogers Fund. 1906 06.1021 1 18 Red-figured oinochoe (winejug) 24 Bronze statuette of a horse Three Amazons, of whom one (Penthesilea) Alleged to have been found ofFMahdia is leading a horse Late Hellenistic or Early Roman, Attic, about 440 B.C. H. 33.4 cm. 1st century B.C. H. 40.2 cm. Attributed to the Mannheim Painter The Metropolitan Museum of Art. The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Fletcher Fund. 1923 Rogers Fund. 1906 06.1021.189 23.69 19 Red-figured bell-krater (mixing bowl) 25 Bronze head of a horse Victory (inscribed "Nike") driving a quadriga. The Roman, 1st century A.D. H. 81 cm. prize of the victory, a tripod, is on a column. Ex coll. Medici Found at Nola in November 1877 Florence. Museo Archeologico Attic, early 4th century B.C. H. 37.5 cm. 26 Bronze head of a colossal horse The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Gift of Matilda W'. Bruce. 1907 07.128.2 Given in 1471 by Lorenzo the Magnificent of Florence to Count Carata of Naples 20 Red-figured kylix (drinking cup) Roman. lst-2nd century A.D. H. 1.75 m. Eros driving a three-horse chariot Attic, early 4th century B.C. H. 9.2 cm. Naples. Musco Nazionale, inv. The Metropolitan Museum of Art. 27, 28 Two bronze horses' heads Rogers Fund. 1906 06.1(121.186 Found in Cartoceto (Pesaro), 1946 Roman, about A.D.27. H. 92 cm. (27), 83 cm. (28) 21 Bronze statuette of Alexander the Great on horseback Ancona. Museo Nazionale Found in Pompeii Roman adaptation of a Greek original 29 Bronze head of a horse of the late 4th century B.C. H. 46 cm. Found in Pompeii Roman, 1st century A.D. H. 51 cm. Naples. Museo Nazionale, inv. 4996 Naples. Museo Nazionale, inv. 1153911 22 Bronze statuette of a galloping horse Found in Herculaneum, October 1761 30 Terracotta relief Roman copy of a Greek original Pelops and Hippodameia in a chariot of the 3rd century B.C. H. 45 cm. Roman, first half of 1st century A.D. H. 37.9 cm. The Metropolitan Museum oí Art. Naples. Museo Nazionale, inv. 4S94 Fletcher Fund. ll>26 26.60.32 23 Bronze statuette of a mounted Amazon Found in Herculaneum on October 11, 1745 31 Terracotta relief Roman copy of a Greek original Oinomaos and Myrtilos in a chariot of the 3rd century B.C.
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