DOCSLIB.ORG

The Rhetoric of Leadership in Xenophon's Anabasis Jennifer Anne Winter Royal Holloway, University of London Submitted in Parti

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Rhetoric of Leadership in Xenophon's Anabasis Jennifer Anne Winter Royal Holloway, University of London Submitted in Parti The Rhetoric of Leadership in Xenophon’s Anabasis Jennifer Anne Winter Royal Holloway, University of London Submitted in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy 1 Declaration of Authorship I, Jennifer Anne Winter, hereby declare that this thesis and the work presented in it is entirely my own. Where I have consulted the work of others, this is always clearly stated. Signed: Jennifer Winter Date: 25/02/2016 2 Abstract This thesis is a narratological and rhetorical study of the speeches made by leaders in the Anabasis as attempts at persuasion. It aims at interpreting the function of the speeches by linking a leader‟s use of rhetoric to the success or failure of his leadership. This thesis closely examines how the speeches relate to the narrative and how the narrator guides the reader‟s interpretation of speech, speaker and audience. It applies the rhetorical division of the three modes of persuasion, logos, ethos and pathos, to the examination of the speeches, bringing out contrasts and similarities in how different leaders respond verbally to comparable situations. This thesis proposes that Xenophon uses the speeches with three chief roles or effects in mind. Firstly, the speeches involve the reader by evoking tension, suspense and surprise. Secondly, when compared to the narrative, they characterise the speaker by illuminating the differences between real and proclaimed motives and attitudes, as well as highlighting a speaker‟s intention and ability to match his words and actions. The internal audiences are also characterised. Thirdly, the speeches provide positive and negative exempla in order to teach the reader that it is not enough simply to persuade others successfully. A leader must also approach persuasion with the right moral attitude and motives, live up to his words, and benefit his audience. To demonstrate this, the speeches are analysed according to three themes: the success or failure of leaders in evoking emotions in their audiences, the narrator‟s presentation of leaders verbally deceiving those on their side, and leaders using the concepts of honour and profit in their persuasion attempts. All the leaders that are scrutinised are lacking in one or more of the areas examined, except Xenophon, who is ultimately the only leader that the reader should emulate in his persuasion attempts. 3 Acknowledgements I would like to dedicate this thesis to the memory of my grandmother. ------------------------- First and foremost, I would like to thank my supervisor, Prof. Lene Rubinstein, whose enthusiasm for the project was limitless and whose generosity with her time was more than I could have hoped for. Her extensive feedback and her ability to redirect me when I lost my way were invaluable. I would also like to thank the other members of the Classics department at Royal Holloway who gave valuable feedback on my work, chiefly Dr. Chris Kremmydas, Prof. Jonathan Powell and Dr. Nick Lowe. Thanks are also due to those who discussed my papers with me at conferences, and academics who kindly sent me advanced copies of their work or copies of chapters that I was unable to obtain elsewhere. I would also like to thank Royal Holloway for generously awarding me a Crossland Scholarship, and those in the Centre for Oratory and Rhetoric for their support. I owe a tremendous amount of thanks to my mother, father and grandfather for their unending love and for their belief in me. Although this thesis has kept me further away from them than I would have wanted, they have always understood. I hope I have made you proud. Special thanks go to my mother for her proofreading and my father for his IT support. None of this would have been possible without the constant love and support of my fiancé, Jason. Only he has seen the full extent of the highs and lows of the past four years. He has remained a constant source of strength and reassurance. No one has understood this journey as well as my PhD. partner in crime, Emma. I would like to thank her for sharing my tears, tantrums and self-doubt, and for knowing what to say to make me laugh. Love and thanks also go to my other best friends, Donna, Helen, Aless, Gemma, Nel, and Jen, who have always supported me and understood when deadlines and commitments have meant that I haven‟t spent enough time with them. Finally, thanks go to those other friends and acquaintances who have reassured me that I could complete this thesis. Whether this was said casually, or whether it was truly meant, such reassurance has sustained me to this point. 4 Table of Contents Introduction…………………………………………………………………………11 1) Method for the Analysis of Xenophon‟s Speeches…………………………...….29 Method……………………………………………………………………….......29 Previous Approaches to the Hellenica…………………………………………...34 Examples…………………………………………………………………………37 Polydamas’ Speech to the Spartans (6.1.4-16)…………………………….....37 Interpretation………………………………………………………………43 Procles’ speech to the Athenian Assembly (6.5.38-48)……………………….49 Interpretation………………………………………………………………55 Procles to the Council of Athenians, Spartans and Spartan Allies (7.1.2- 11)…………………………………………………………………………...58 Interpretation………………………………………………………………62 Conclusion……………………………………………………………………….65 2) Emotional Appeals in the Anabasis……………………………………………...66 Xenophon’s Narratorial and Authorial Interest in Emotions and Leadership……………………………………………………………………….66 Emotional Appeals in the Anabasis.......................................................................69 Approach to the Anabasis and Method……………………………………….....70 Examples…………………………………………………………………….......72 5 Emotional Appeals Responding to Leaders Fearing the Situation…………...72 Clearchus’ Appeal to Fear and Confidence (2.2.3-4)……………………..72 Xenophon’s Appeal to Fear, Confidence, Shame, Pride, Emulation and Desire (3.1.15-25)…………………………………………………….76 Cleanor’s Appeal to Fear (4.6.9) and Xenophon’s Appeal to Fear, Hope and Confidence (4.6.10-15)…………………………………..82 Emotional Appeals Responding to Soldiers Feeling Disheartened about their Situation………………………………………………………………………………..87 Clearchus’ Appeal to Fear and Hope (2.4.5-7)...………………………....87 Cheirisophus’ Appeal to Fear and Pride (3.2.2-3)………………………..90 Emotional Appeals Responding to the Audience Causing Danger…………..93 Proxenus’ Appeal to Calmness (1.5.14) and Cyrus’ Appeal to Fear (1.5.16)…………………………………………………………………….93 Emotional Appeals Responding to Mixed Feelings about Leaders…………..97 Cyrus’ Appeal to Anger, Fear, Confidence and Goodwill/Friendly Feelings (1.4.8)…………………………………………………………....97 Cheirisophus’ Appeal to Goodwill/Friendly Feelings and Confidence (6.1.32-3)…………………………………………………………………100 Cheirisophus’ Appeal to Hope (5.1.4)……………………………………103 Emotional Appeals Responding to Speeches by Outsiders………………….106 Cleanor’s Appeal to Shame and Fear (2.5.39)…………………………..106 Xenophon’s Appeal to Shame and Fear (5.5.13-23)……………………..108 Function of Emotional Appeals………………………………………………...114 6 3) Deceitful Speeches in the Anabasis.……………………………………………124 Xenophon’s Narratorial Opinion on Deceit……………………………………125 How does the Narrator Present Deceptive Speeches and How is the Reader Made to Detect Deception?..............................................................127 Methodological Approach……………………………………………………..128 Examples……………………………………………………………………….129 Cyrus’ Deception of Friends and Subordinates (1.1.6 and 1.1.11)………...129 Cyrus’ Deception of the Greek Soldiers (1.3.20)…………………………...131 Clearchus’ Deception of the Greek Troops (1.3.5-6, 1.3.9-13 and 1.3.15)...132 Clearchus’ Deception of Cyrus (1.8.13)…………………………………....137 Timasion’s Deception of Heracleot & Sinopean Merchants (5.6.19-20)…..138 Xenophon’s Deception of the Army (3.2.18-19, 3.4.46 and 4.8.14)………..139 Xenophon’s Deception of the Army (6.1.25-9)……………………………..142 Xenophon’s Deception of the Army (7.1.22)……………………………….144 Xenophon’s Deception of the Army, Charminus, Polynicus, Heracleides and Seuthes (7.6.41)…………………………………………...146 Similarities between the Deceptions of Friends………………………………..147 Function of the Deceitful Speeches…………………………………………….148 Reader Involvement…………………………………………………………148 Characterisation…………………………………………………………….150 Cyrus……………………………………………………………………..151 Clearchus…………………………………………………………………154 Timasion………………………………………………………………….159 7 Xenophon…………………………………………………………………160 Audiences………………………………………………………………...162 Didactic Function…………………………………………………………...163 Conclusion……………………………………………………………………...175 4) Κέξδνο and Τηκή as Persuasive Concepts in the Anabasis…………………….176 The Anabasis Circumstances and Xenophon’s Narratorial Opinion………….179 Methodological Approach……………………………………………………..180 Examples……………………………………………………………………….181 Paymasters Offering Κέρδος and Τιμή to Greek Leaders…………………..181 Commanders Gaining Κέρδος and Τιμή from Paymasters and the Army…..185 Leaders Discussing Κέρδος and Τιμή with Outsiders....................................189 Commanders & Paymasters Providing Τιμή & Κέρδος for the Greek Army………………………………………………………………….195 Xenophon’s Appeal to Κέρδος (3.2.39)…………………………………..196 Timasion’s Appeal to Κέρδος (5.6.22-4)…………………………………196 Lycon and Callimachus’ Appeal to Κέρδος (6.2.10-11)…………………197 Reader Involvement…………………………………………………...199 Characterisation………………………………………………………199 Didactic Purpose……………………………………………………...200 Xenophon’s Appeal to Κέρδος (and Τιμή) (5.1.8)………………………..201 Xenophon’s Appeal to Κέρδος (5.2.18)…………………………………..202 Lycon’s Appeal to Κέρδος (6.2.4-5)……………………………………...203 8 Reader Involvement…………………………………………………...204 Characterisation………………………………………………………204 Didactic Function……………………………………………………..205
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Penalties in Action in Classical Athens
    Classica Cracoviensia XVII, 2014 DOI: 10.12797/CC.17.2014.17.07 JAN KUCHARSKI (UNIVERSITY OF SILESIA, KATOWICE) peNALtieS iN ActiON iN cLASSicAL AtHeNS A preLiMiNArY SURVEY1 SUMMARY: This paper attempts to look at the inner workings of the punitive system in ancient Athens. After a brief survey of the range of penalties avail- able in Classical Athens (capital punishment, exile and outlawry, disenfran- chisement, financial penalties, imprisonment, corporal penalties), it proceeds first to examine their nature (as they frequently fail to meet our criteria of punishment), and then to map them on the substance vs. procedure controversy regarding the Athenian legal system. The last two sections of the paper are devoted to the manner in which penalties were imposed (summary punish- ment, punishment by sentence, “automatic” punishment) and executed (private vs. public execution of court verdicts; coercive measures etc.). KEYWORD: Athenian law, enslavement, corporal penalties, capital punish- ment, exile, outlawry, disenfranchisement, financial penalties Afraid of what? That I suffer what Meletus has assessed (timatai) for me? That, I can’t even say to know for a fact whether it is good or evil. Should I then choose an assessment from what I know to be an evil? As imprison- ment? What good is living in prison, forever a slave to the ever­‑present 1 This study is part of a project funded by the Polish National Science Centre (NN103 429640). 117 JAN KUCHARSKI command of the Eleven? Perhaps a fine then, with imprisonment until I pay? But it comes down to the same as before since I have no money from which I could pay.
    [Show full text]
  • The Olynthiacs and the Phillippics of Demosthenes
    The Olynthiacs and the Phillippics of Demosthenes Charles Rann Kennedy The Olynthiacs and the Phillippics of Demosthenes Table of Contents The Olynthiacs and the Phillippics of Demosthenes..............................................................................................1 Charles Rann Kennedy...................................................................................................................................1 THE FIRST OLYNTHIAC............................................................................................................................1 THE SECOND OLYNTHIAC.......................................................................................................................6 THE THIRD OLYNTHIAC........................................................................................................................10 THE FIRST PHILIPPIC..............................................................................................................................14 THE SECOND PHILIPPIC.........................................................................................................................21 THE THIRD PHILIPPIC.............................................................................................................................25 THE FOURTH PHILIPPIC.........................................................................................................................34 i The Olynthiacs and the Phillippics of Demosthenes Charles Rann Kennedy This page copyright © 2002 Blackmask Online.
    [Show full text]
  • Artaxerxes II
    Artaxerxes II John Shannahan BAncHist (Hons) (Macquarie University) Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Department of Ancient History, Macquarie University. May, 2015. ii Contents List of Illustrations v Abstract ix Declaration xi Acknowledgements xiii Abbreviations and Conventions xv Introduction 1 CHAPTER 1 THE EARLY REIGN OF ARTAXERXES II The Birth of Artaxerxes to Cyrus’ Challenge 15 The Revolt of Cyrus 41 Observations on the Egyptians at Cunaxa 53 Royal Tactics at Cunaxa 61 The Repercussions of the Revolt 78 CHAPTER 2 399-390: COMBATING THE GREEKS Responses to Thibron, Dercylidas, and Agesilaus 87 The Role of Athens and the Persian Fleet 116 Evagoras the Opportunist and Carian Commanders 135 Artaxerxes’ First Invasion of Egypt: 392/1-390/89? 144 CHAPTER 3 389-380: THE KING’S PEACE AND CYPRUS The King’s Peace (387/6): Purpose and Influence 161 The Chronology of the 380s 172 CHAPTER 4 NUMISMATIC EXPRESSIONS OF SOLIDARITY Coinage in the Reign of Artaxerxes 197 The Baal/Figure in the Winged Disc Staters of Tiribazus 202 Catalogue 203 Date 212 Interpretation 214 Significance 223 Numismatic Iconography and Egyptian Independence 225 Four Comments on Achaemenid Motifs in 227 Philistian Coins iii The Figure in the Winged Disc in Samaria 232 The Pertinence of the Political Situation 241 CHAPTER 5 379-370: EGYPT Planning for the Second Invasion of Egypt 245 Pharnabazus’ Invasion of Egypt and Aftermath 259 CHAPTER 6 THE END OF THE REIGN Destabilisation in the West 267 The Nature of the Evidence 267 Summary of Current Analyses 268 Reconciliation 269 Court Intrigue and the End of Artaxerxes’ Reign 295 Conclusion: Artaxerxes the Diplomat 301 Bibliography 309 Dies 333 Issus 333 Mallus 335 Soli 337 Tarsus 338 Unknown 339 Figures 341 iv List of Illustrations MAP Map 1 Map of the Persian Empire xviii-xix Brosius, The Persians, 54-55 DIES Issus O1 Künker 174 (2010) 403 333 O2 Lanz 125 (2005) 426 333 O3 CNG 200 (2008) 63 333 O4 Künker 143 (2008) 233 333 R1 Babelon, Traité 2, pl.
    [Show full text]
  • Mercenaries, Poleis, and Empires in the Fourth Century Bce
    The Pennsylvania State University The Graduate School College of the Liberal Arts ALL THE KING’S GREEKS: MERCENARIES, POLEIS, AND EMPIRES IN THE FOURTH CENTURY BCE A Dissertation in History and Classics and Ancient Mediterranean Studies by Jeffrey Rop © 2013 Jeffrey Rop Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy May 2013 ii The dissertation of Jeffrey Rop was reviewed and approved* by the following: Mark Munn Professor of Ancient Greek History and Greek Archaeology, Classics and Ancient Mediterranean Studies Dissertation Advisor Chair of Committee Gary N. Knoppers Edwin Erle Sparks Professor of Classics and Ancient Mediterranean Studies, Religious Studies, and Jewish Studies Garrett G. Fagan Professor of Ancient History and Classics and Ancient Mediterranean Studies Kenneth Hirth Professor of Anthropology Carol Reardon George Winfree Professor of American History David Atwill Associate Professor of History and Asian Studies Graduate Program Director for the Department of History *Signatures are on file in the Graduate School iii ABSTRACT This dissertation examines Greek mercenary service in the Near East from 401- 330 BCE. Traditionally, the employment of Greek soldiers by the Persian Achaemenid Empire and the Kingdom of Egypt during this period has been understood to indicate the military weakness of these polities and the superiority of Greek hoplites over their Near Eastern counterparts. I demonstrate that the purported superiority of Greek heavy infantry has been exaggerated by Greco-Roman authors. Furthermore, close examination of Greek mercenary service reveals that the recruitment of Greek soldiers was not the purpose of Achaemenid foreign policy in Greece and the Aegean, but was instead an indication of the political subordination of prominent Greek citizens and poleis, conducted through the social institution of xenia, to Persian satraps and kings.
    [Show full text]
  • The Impact of the Roman Army (200 BC – AD 476)
    Impact of Empire 6 IMEM-6-deBlois_CS2.indd i 5-4-2007 8:35:52 Impact of Empire Editorial Board of the series Impact of Empire (= Management Team of the Network Impact of Empire) Lukas de Blois, Angelos Chaniotis Ségolène Demougin, Olivier Hekster, Gerda de Kleijn Luuk de Ligt, Elio Lo Cascio, Michael Peachin John Rich, and Christian Witschel Executive Secretariat of the Series and the Network Lukas de Blois, Olivier Hekster Gerda de Kleijn and John Rich Radboud University of Nijmegen, Erasmusplein 1, P.O. Box 9103, 6500 HD Nijmegen, The Netherlands E-mail addresses: [email protected] and [email protected] Academic Board of the International Network Impact of Empire geza alföldy – stéphane benoist – anthony birley christer bruun – john drinkwater – werner eck – peter funke andrea giardina – johannes hahn – fik meijer – onno van nijf marie-thérèse raepsaet-charlier – john richardson bert van der spek – richard talbert – willem zwalve VOLUME 6 IMEM-6-deBlois_CS2.indd ii 5-4-2007 8:35:52 The Impact of the Roman Army (200 BC – AD 476) Economic, Social, Political, Religious and Cultural Aspects Proceedings of the Sixth Workshop of the International Network Impact of Empire (Roman Empire, 200 B.C. – A.D. 476) Capri, March 29 – April 2, 2005 Edited by Lukas de Blois & Elio Lo Cascio With the Aid of Olivier Hekster & Gerda de Kleijn LEIDEN • BOSTON 2007 This is an open access title distributed under the terms of the CC-BY-NC 4.0 License, which permits any non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited.
    [Show full text]
  • The Court of Cyrus the Younger in Anatolia: Some Remarks
    STUDIES IN ANCIENT ART AND CIVILIZATION, VOL. 23 (2019) pp. 95-111, https://doi.org/10.12797/SAAC.23.2019.23.05 Michał Podrazik University of Rzeszów THE COURT OF CYRUS THE YOUNGER IN ANATOLIA: SOME REMARKS Abstract: Cyrus the Younger (born in 424/423 BC, died in 401 BC), son of the Great King Darius II (424/423-404 BC) and Queen Parysatis, is well known from his activity in Anatolia. In 408 BC he took power there as a karanos (Old Persian *kārana-, Greek κάρανος), a governor of high rank with extensive military and political competence reporting directly to the Great King. Holding his power in Anatolia, Cyrus had his own court there, in many respects modeled after the Great King’s court. The aim of this article is to show some aspects of functioning and organization of Cyrus the Younger’s court in Anatolia. Keywords: Cyrus the Younger; court; court’s staff and protocol In 4081, Cyrus, commonly known as the Younger (424/423-401), son of the Great King Darius II (424/423-404), was appointed by his father to rule over an important part of the Achaemenid Empire, Anatolia. Cyrus wielded his power there as karanos (Old Persian *kārana-, Greek κάρανος), a high- ranking governor with extensive military and political competence, reporting directly to the Great King (see Podrazik 2018, 69-83; cf. Barkworth 1993, 150-151; Debord 1999, 122-123; Briant 2002, 19, 321, 340, 600, 625-626, 878, 1002; Hyland 2013, 2-5). Cyrus held his own court while in Anatolia. The court was organized along the lines of the King’s court, but was certainly no match for it 1 All dates in the article pertain to the events before the birth of Christ except where otherwise stated.
    [Show full text]
  • De Novis Libris Iudicia 247 XENOPHON: Hiero the Tyrant And
    De novis libris iudicia 247 XENOPHON: Hiero the Tyrant and Other Treatises. Translated by ROBIN WATERFIELD, with introductions and notes by PAUL CARTLEDGE. Penguin Books, London – New York 1997. ISBN 0-14-044682-6. xxxi, 248 pp. GBP 7.99 / USD 13.95. Waterfield had previously published, together with H. Tredennick, the Memoirs of Socrates in 1990 in a volume entitled Conversations of Socrates in the same Penguin Classics. Now he presents a new translation of Hiero, Agesilaus, Hipparchicus, De re equestri, Cynegeticus, and Poroi. The six treatises are translated from Marchant's Oxford edition from 1920 (he would have had some more recent editions at his disposal, but neglecting them may not have caused any great harm); at the end of the volume the reader is offered some textual notes. Waterfield's translations seem to be – if a non-native speaker of English be permitted to judge – clear and accurate. The volume is opened by Paul Cartledge's succinct and well-written Introduction. Heikki Solin MELISSA S. LANE: Method and Politics in Plato's Statesman. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1998. ISBN 0-521-58229-6. 229 pp. GBP 35. Until quite recently, the interest in Plato's so-called late dialogues has been considerably weaker than in the dialogues considered earlier. In the latter, language, style and drama are often more elaborate, and thus they are more enjoyable to read as well as, sometimes, easier to understand. Even among the less entertaining late dialogues, the Statesman has sometimes been judged as exceptionally dull. With the new interest in the philosophical content of the late dialogues, several studies have shown that an assiduous inquiry into this neglected side of Plato has much to offer.
    [Show full text]
  • Interstate Alliances of the Fourth-Century BCE Greek World: a Socio-Cultural Perspective
    City University of New York (CUNY) CUNY Academic Works All Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects 9-2016 Interstate Alliances of the Fourth-Century BCE Greek World: A Socio-Cultural Perspective Nicholas D. Cross The Graduate Center, City University of New York How does access to this work benefit ou?y Let us know! More information about this work at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu/gc_etds/1479 Discover additional works at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu This work is made publicly available by the City University of New York (CUNY). Contact: [email protected] INTERSTATE ALLIANCES IN THE FOURTH-CENTURY BCE GREEK WORLD: A SOCIO-CULTURAL PERSPECTIVE by Nicholas D. Cross A dissertation submitted to the Graduate Faculty in History in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, The City University of New York 2016 © 2016 Nicholas D. Cross All Rights Reserved ii Interstate Alliances in the Fourth-Century BCE Greek World: A Socio-Cultural Perspective by Nicholas D. Cross This manuscript has been read and accepted for the Graduate Faculty in History in satisfaction of the dissertation requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. ______________ __________________________________________ Date Jennifer Roberts Chair of Examining Committee ______________ __________________________________________ Date Helena Rosenblatt Executive Officer Supervisory Committee Joel Allen Liv Yarrow THE CITY UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK iii ABSTRACT Interstate Alliances of the Fourth-Century BCE Greek World: A Socio-Cultural Perspective by Nicholas D. Cross Adviser: Professor Jennifer Roberts This dissertation offers a reassessment of interstate alliances (συµµαχία) in the fourth-century BCE Greek world from a socio-cultural perspective.
    [Show full text]
  • Aristotle-Rhetoric.Pdf
    Rhetoric Aristotle (Translated by W. Rhys Roberts) Book I 1 Rhetoric is the counterpart of Dialectic. Both alike are con- cerned with such things as come, more or less, within the general ken of all men and belong to no definite science. Accordingly all men make use, more or less, of both; for to a certain extent all men attempt to discuss statements and to maintain them, to defend themselves and to attack others. Ordinary people do this either at random or through practice and from acquired habit. Both ways being possible, the subject can plainly be handled systematically, for it is possible to inquire the reason why some speakers succeed through practice and others spontaneously; and every one will at once agree that such an inquiry is the function of an art. Now, the framers of the current treatises on rhetoric have cons- tructed but a small portion of that art. The modes of persuasion are the only true constituents of the art: everything else is me- rely accessory. These writers, however, say nothing about en- thymemes, which are the substance of rhetorical persuasion, but deal mainly with non-essentials. The arousing of prejudice, pity, anger, and similar emotions has nothing to do with the essential facts, but is merely a personal appeal to the man who is judging the case. Consequently if the rules for trials which are now laid down some states-especially in well-governed states-were applied everywhere, such people would have nothing to say. All men, no doubt, think that the laws should prescribe such rules, but some, as in the court of Areopagus, give practical effect to their thoughts 4 Aristotle and forbid talk about non-essentials.
    [Show full text]
  • Sean Manning, a Prosopography of the Followers of Cyrus the Younger
    The Ancient History Bulletin VOLUME THIRTY-TWO: 2018 NUMBERS 1-2 Edited by: Edward Anson ò Michael Fronda òDavid Hollander Timothy Howe òJoseph Roisman ò John Vanderspoel Pat Wheatley ò Sabine Müller òAlex McAuley Catalina Balmacedaò Charlotte Dunn ISSN 0835-3638 ANCIENT HISTORY BULLETIN Volume 32 (2018) Numbers 1-2 Edited by: Edward Anson, Catalina Balmaceda, Michael Fronda, David Hollander, Alex McAuley, Sabine Müller, Joseph Roisman, John Vanderspoel, Pat Wheatley Senior Editor: Timothy Howe Assistant Editor: Charlotte Dunn Editorial correspondents Elizabeth Baynham, Hugh Bowden, Franca Landucci Gattinoni, Alexander Meeus, Kurt Raaflaub, P.J. Rhodes, Robert Rollinger, Victor Alonso Troncoso Contents of volume thirty-two Numbers 1-2 1 Sean Manning, A Prosopography of the Followers of Cyrus the Younger 25 Eyal Meyer, Cimon’s Eurymedon Campaign Reconsidered? 44 Joshua P. Nudell, Alexander the Great and Didyma: A Reconsideration 61 Jens Jakobssen and Simon Glenn, New research on the Bactrian Tax-Receipt NOTES TO CONTRIBUTORS AND SUBSCRIBERS The Ancient History Bulletin was founded in 1987 by Waldemar Heckel, Brian Lavelle, and John Vanderspoel. The board of editorial correspondents consists of Elizabeth Baynham (University of Newcastle), Hugh Bowden (Kings College, London), Franca Landucci Gattinoni (Università Cattolica, Milan), Alexander Meeus (University of Leuven), Kurt Raaflaub (Brown University), P.J. Rhodes (Durham University), Robert Rollinger (Universität Innsbruck), Victor Alonso Troncoso (Universidade da Coruña) AHB is currently edited by: Timothy Howe (Senior Editor: [email protected]), Edward Anson, Catalina Balmaceda, Michael Fronda, David Hollander, Alex McAuley, Sabine Müller, Joseph Roisman, John Vanderspoel and Pat Wheatley. AHB promotes scholarly discussion in Ancient History and ancillary fields (such as epigraphy, papyrology, and numismatics) by publishing articles and notes on any aspect of the ancient world from the Near East to Late Antiquity.
    [Show full text]
  • Athenian Nomothesia Mogens Herman Hansen
    HANSEN, MOGENS HERMAN, Athenian "Nomothesia" , Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies, 26:4 (1985:Winter) p.345 Athenian Nomothesia Mogens Herman Hansen HOR TL Y AFTER the restoration of the democracy in 40312, and S probably in connection with the revision of the law code, the Athenians introduced a distinction both in form and in sub­ stance between nomoi and psephismata. In future, any permanent general rule had to be passed as a nomos by the nomothetai, while the powers of the ekklesia were restricted to foreign policy and, in do­ mestic policy, to the passing of individual rules and/or rules with a limited period of validity.l But who were the nomothetai and how did they legislate? During the last decade various approaches have been taken to these legislative procedures;2 in the present paper I argue the follow­ ing points: (1) The alleged Solonian law on nomothesia discussed by Demosthenes in the Leptines speech and quoted after §92 is probably identical with the 'Repeal Law',3 of which a part is quoted in the Timocrates speech at §33. (2) The differences between the various legislative procedures lie in the opening phase, describing how the legislation was initiated and by whom. Once the procedure was be­ gun, it was essentially the same in all forms of legislation, no matter whether a new law was added to the law code, or a law in force was replaced by an amendment, or a law in force was repealed without further changes in the code. (3) The Review Law and the Repeal Law are probably not two different laws, but rather two sections of legislation regulating the replacement of a law in force by an alterna- I Cj my two earlier articles, "Nomos and Psephisma in Fourth-Century Athens," GRBS 19 (1978) 315-30, and "Did the Athenian Ecc/esia Legislate after 40312?" GRBS 20 (1979) 27-53, both reprinted with addenda in M.
    [Show full text]
  • Download Download
    Indices Index locorum Achilles Tatius 8.10-13, 164 1.1.2-1.2.1, 181 8.25-9.10, 261 1.15.1-2, 175 11.1.1, 245 3.5.6-4.19, 231 11.28.6, 296 3.10.6, 177 Aristoteles 3.23.4, 177 Rh. 1357a-b, 27 4.12.1, 178 1416b, 21 5.15.3-5.16.7, 180 Augustinus 5.15-17.1, 232 Ep. 138.19, 273 7.1.3, 107 Beroaldus Aelius Aristides 1500 comm. Apul. Met. 1vo, 273 49.38, 137 Apul. Met. 150vo, 279 Alciphron Apul. Met. 154vo, 277 ep. 1.22, 181 Apul. Met. 160vo, 281 Alexander Romance Apul. Met. 164, 286 3.2, 168 Apul. Met. 166vo, 275 Aphthonius Chariton Progymn. 2, 21 1.1.1, 13, 37, 52 Apocolocyntosis 1.1.2-3, 51 1.1-2, 4 1.11.1-3, 226 Apuleius 2.3.10, 71 Apol. 4.1, 259 2.5.2, 73 Fl. 13.3, 247 2.9.4-5, 58 20.5-6, 244 3.4.18, 55 Met. 1.1.4, 296 3.7.1-3, 62 1.2.5, 262 3.10.2, 62 1.6.2, 274 5.1, 226 2.12, 164 5.1.3-7, 227 2.28.3, 292 5.2.1, 70 4.35.4, 253 5.3.9, 70 5.19.5, 254 5.3.10, 67 5.22.6, 246 5.9.3, 75 5.26.6, 288 6.3-5, 10 5.30.1, 255 6.8.6-7, 72 6.18.6, 257 7.1.9, 76 6.29.3, 278 7.3.4, 72 7.15.3, 277 7.6.9, 107 7.23.3, 281 8.1.4, 39 7.27.5, 286 8.2.1-3, 57 350 INDICES 8.3.2, 74 Krinagoras 8.7, 41 AP 6.25, 143 8.8.13-14, 42 Letters of Apollonios of Tyana 8.8.16, 37 no.
    [Show full text]