APRIL 2017

APRIL 2017 — MARCH 2018 ANNUAL REPORT FY 2017 HUMAN FRONTIER SCIENCE PROGRAM

The Human Frontier Science Program is unique, supporting international collaboration to undertake innovative, risky, basic research at the frontier of the life sciences. Special emphasis is given to the support and training of independent young investigators, beginning at the postdoctoral level. The Program is implemented by an international organisation, supported financially by Australia, Canada, France, Germany, India, Italy, Japan, the Republic of Korea, New Zealand, Norway, Singapore, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, the United States of America, and the European Commission. Since 1990, over 7000 researchers from more than 70 countries have been supported. Of these, 27 HFSP awardees have gone on to receive the Nobel Prize.

2 The following documents are available on the HFSP website www.hfsp.org:

 Joint Communiqués (Tokyo 1992, Washington 1997, Berlin 2002, Bern 2004, Ottawa 2007, Canberra 2010, Brussels 2013, London 2016): http://www.hfsp.org/about-us/governance/intergovernmental-conference

Statutes of the International Human Frontier Science Program Organization: http://www.hfsp.org/about-us/governance/statutes

Guidelines for the participation of new members in HFSPO: http://www.hfsp.org/about-us/new-membership

General reviews of the HFSP (1996, 2001, 2006-2007, 2010): http://www.hfsp.org/about-us/reviews-hfsp

Updated and previous lists of awards, including titles and abstracts: http://www.hfsp.org/awardees 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION

Table of contents 4 President’s Message Introducing HFSPO 8 Introducing HFSPO 11 Report of the Secretary General 13

CHAPTER 1 - FELLOWSHIP PROGRAM

1.1 Introduction 18 1.2 Selection of HFSP Fellowships awarded in March 2018 20 1.3 The 2018 Fellowship Review Committee 23 1.4 Awardees lists: 25 1. Long-Term and Cross-Disciplinary Fellowships awarded in March 2018 25 (to be initiated in FY 2018) 2. Long-Term and Cross-Disciplinary Fellowships initiated between 1 April 34 2017 and 31 March 2018 (FY 2017) 1.5 Selection of HFSP Career Development Awards awarded in March 2018 41 1.6 The 2018 CDA Review Committee 44 1.7 Awardees lists: 45 1. Career Development Awards awarded in March 2018 45 (to be initiated in FY 2018) 2. Career Development Awards initiated between 1 April 2017 46 and 31 March 2018 (FY 2017) 1.8 Examples of Frontier Fellowships initiated in FY 2017 48

4 — TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 2 - RESEARCH GRANT PROGRAM

2.1 Selection of HFSP Research Grants awarded in March 2018 52 2.2 The 2018 HFSP Research Grant Review Committee 54 2.3 Awardees lists: 57 1. Research Grants initiated between 1 April 2017 and 31 57 December 2017 (FY 2017) 2. Research Grants awarded in March 2018 65 (to be initiated in FY 2018) 2.4 Examples of Young Investigator Frontier Research Grants 73 initiated in FY 2017

CHAPTER 3 – THE SCIENCE OF HFSPO

3.1 Science, Communication & IT highlights in FY 2017 78 3.2 HFSPO branded meetings in FY 2017 79 3.3 Global Life Sciences Data Resources Coalition: 82 strategy and implementation plan 3.4 The 2018 HFSP Nakasone Award 84 3.5 Frontier science 86 3.6 Great minds at work 89 3.7 Honours and prizes 90 3.8 IT infrastructure, data security and website 94

CHAPTER 4 - BUDGET AND FINANCE

4.1 HFSPO Members’ funding 98 4.2 Member contributions for FY 2017 99 4.3 Geographical distribution of contributions 102 4.4 Payment of awards 104 4.5 FY 2017 financial summary 106

APPENDIX

A.1 Joint Communiqué of the Intergovernmental Conference 112 on the International Human Frontier Science Program Organization, London, 10 June 2016 A.2 Summary of decisions of the Board of Trustees in FY 2017 118 A.3 Governance and Administration lists: 119 1. Board of Trustees 119 2. Council of Scientists 121 3. Secretariat 123

TABLE OF CONTENTS — 5 Introduction Introduction PRESIDENT’S MESSAGE

Opening up

There is a Japanese proverb, ‘A frog in a well does not know the great ocean’. It was perhaps the wisdom of these words echoing down the ages that led me as a young M.D. to set my medical studies in the wider context of neuroscience research and then to leave my native Japan to take up a post-doctoral position at the University of California, San Francisco. The search for the ‘great ocean’ also led me to collaborate with Nicholas Cowan of New York University on an HFSP grant on the ‘Dynamics and localization of cytoskeletal proteins in neuronal cells - a molecular cell biological approach’. This grew our work in ways we did not expect, such is the Nobutaka HIROKAWA serendipitous nature of curiosity driven research. President of HFSPO The words of the ancient proverb still resonate today, expressing well the mission of HFSPO to push scientists beyond their comfort zone in tackling problems in biology. HFSPO funds ‘basic’ or ‘discovery’ research into the complex mechanisms of living organisms; in a sense the other descriptors of HFSPO funded research (interdisciplinary,

8 — INTRODUCTION innovative, international) simply computer scientists bringing their Each HFSPO funded project is exploit creative potential within expertise to problems in biology. born of the synergy of different basic research itself, creating HFSP Long-Term Fellowships disciplines and scientific cultures, the conditions in which the require early career scientists selected for its capacity to push scientist will be pushed to his/her to move country and expand back the frontiers by rigorous imaginative limits: HFSP Research their expertise, while HFSP peer review. Each HFSPO funded Grants are carried out by new Cross-Disciplinary Fellowships scientist is working outside his/ teams on a new project over the accompany those with a Ph.D. her comfort zone, entering borders of country and discipline, in another discipline in the unchartered territory where with chemists, physicists and challenging move into biology. discovery can begin.

Working together

There is no doubt that it is the international aspect of HFSPO funded research that brings the greatest added value, giving scientists the freedom and flexibility to identify the very best collaborators for their project, anywhere in the world. 14 countries and the European Commission continue to pool resources to support this initiative, conscious that advances in science globally benefit national communities. We are also aware that more than ever our own young researchers need an international network to grow their careers successfully and that HFSPO provides exceptional opportunities for this, in the context of the HFSP award itself and more widely at the annual HFSP Awardees Meeting, which brings together all current awardees. In turn this builds an alumni network, a cohort of international frontier researchers, pursuing the aims of HFSPO long after the duration of their award. 28 years on, we are proud that this global effort to support scientists all over the world has born rich fruit. Since the first awards were made in 1990, 27 former HFSP awardees have gone on to be awarded a Nobel Prize, in Physiology or Medicine, Chemistry and Physics and many more have been awarded other prestigious international prizes. This year, we congratulate two time grant awardee, Jeffrey C. Hall, who, together with Michael Rosbach and Michael W. Young, received the 2017 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their discoveries of molecular mechanisms controlling the circadian rhythm. Jeffrey C. Hall was a co-investigator of an HFSP Program Grant in 2001 on signaling of the circadian clock in the brain Such successes apart, there is nevertheless still so much more to do, more talent to tap, with scientific communities, particularly in Asia, Africa, South America , emerging as scientific leaders of the future. As the planet becomes smaller, HFSPO seeks to embrace an increasing diversity of scientific excellence, encouraging new partners to join this global initiative ‘for the benefit of humankind’.

INTRODUCTION — 9 Looking to the future

We, on the HFSPO Board of Trustees, strive to be as forward looking as the talented young scientists we support, combining daring with diligence. As the custodians of public money, we also have the duty to ensure that HFSPO is effective in fulfilling its objectives and equipped to tackle the challenges of the future. The 30 years anniversary of HFSPO, coinciding with the 2019 Intergovernmental Conference, is an opportunity to look towards the next decade and beyond. Among our current activities, we are updating our governance structures, seeking to draw more deeply on the collective wisdom of our funders around the world. We are also undergoing an independent international review of the scientific programs, led by Dame Bridget Ogilvie, formerly Head of the Wellcome Trust and looking to other activities where HFSPO’s unique international character can assist the future of life sciences research (such as the crucial roles of life sciences databases and data resources). As President, I would like to thank my fellow Trustees who bring sage judgment to their roles and who contribute hugely between Board meetings or Working Groups and in frequently providing me and the Secretary General with advice. I also thank the Secretary General and the staff of the Secretariat in Strasbourg for their ceaseless efforts on behalf of HFSPO. As my tenure draws to a close, I remember with gratitude my own calling to the ‘great ocean’ of scientific research and can attest to the stimulating presence of HFSP throughout my career, where I began as a Research Grant awardee, served as a Review Committee member, Council member and then as member of the Board, and finally as its President. It has indeed been an honour and a pleasure. My time as President sadly comes to an end but HFSPO still beckons those willing to risk it, those willing to be forerunners in the exploration of the unknown. I wish them the rich fruits of the journey, ‘Dewa gokigen’yo’ - or ‘all the best’ !

10 — INTRODUCTION INTRODUCING HFSPO

The Human Frontier Science Program (HFSP) is an international cooperation in life sciences research supported by the world’s leading scientific countries. It promotes fundamental research in the life sciences with special emphasis on novel and interdisciplinary research, international and, in particular, intercontinental collaboration and support for young investigators. Since its establishment in 1989, HFSPO has demonstrated the value of creating a framework for competitive, collaborative, international research of the highest calibre and of providing young scientists with the opportunity to emerge as talented researchers capable of shaping the science of the future. Left to right: HFSPO implements its Program through the following mechanisms Warwick ANDERSON, of research support, details of which can be found in the subsequent Jill HUSSER chapters: and Hideki MIZUMA

Postdoctoral Fellowships Long-Term Fellowships – for young life scientists within three years of obtaining their Ph. D. who wish to broaden their scientific experience in a foreign laboratory. Cross-Disciplinary Fellowships – specifically for scientists with a Ph. D. in non-biological disciplines who seek training in the life sciences.

Research Grants Young Investigator Grants – grants for interdisciplinary teams of young researchers who are within the first five years of their first independent positions and located in different countries. Program Grants – for interdisciplinary teams of researchers in different countries at any stage of their careers.

Career Development Awards - to enable former HFSP fellows to return to their home country or move to an HFSPO member country to initiate an original research program in their own laboratories as independent researchers. Since 1990, 1090 Research Grants, involving 4004 scientists, and 3157 Fellowships have been awarded and since 2003, 231 Career Development Awards. Researchers from more than 70 countries have received HFSPO funding so far.

INTRODUCTION — 11 HFSPO supports research into the complex mechanisms of living organisms, ranging from the biomolecular level to that of behaving organisms. The life sciences have emerged as a leading scientific area with a convergence of interest from other disciplines such as physics, mathematics, chemistry, computer science and engineering in solving biological questions. HFSPO aims to support frontier research by involving scientists from outside the life sciences as part of research collaborations and as postdoctoral fellows. To this end, the Young Investigator and Program Grants are specifically geared to fostering interactions between scientists from different disciplines and this is a major factor in the review of applications in these programs. In this regard, HFSPO supports Cross‑Disciplinary Fellowships to equip young scientists from outside biology with the skills needed to tackle problems in the life sciences. HFSPO supports the next generation of researchers who are in the strongest position to open new avenues of research, through the Fellowship programs, the Career Development Award and the Young Investigator Grant. Program Grant teams are also encouraged to include young scientists with the result that a significant number of scientists under the age of 40 are included in awarded teams. Taking these researchers together, approximately 70 % of annual HFSPO funds are awarded to early career researchers.

HFSPO is governed by the Board of Trustees composed of appointees from HFSPO Members, currently Australia, Canada, France, Germany, India, Italy, Japan, New Zealand, Norway, the Republic of Korea, Singapore, Switzerland, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, the United States of America and the European Commission. HFSPO’s Council of Scientists provides scientific advice to the Board of Trustees.

The Board is supported by the HFSPO Secretariat, located in Strasbourg, France, and is directed by the Secretary General. Its legal status is an Association established in Alsace (Grand Est), France. The Member countries support HFSPO through voluntary contributions which are agreed at a Triennial Conference of HFSPO Members.

12 — INTRODUCTION REPORT OF THE SECRETARY GENERAL

Warwick ANDERSON Secretary General of HFSPO

Frontier research in the life sciences occupies a rapidly changing landscape. Each year, we here at HFSPO see marked changes in collaborative Research Grant applications, as applicant scientists propose ever more exciting ideas, and seize upon the opportunities that arise through new technologies and from the perspective of other disciplines. The conduct of successful funding cycles for HFSPO’s three funding schemes are the major activities of HFSPO and its Secretariat each year. Full accounts are given elsewhere in the Annual Report but this year, as before, special thanks is due to the outstanding scientists on our peer review panels. The breadth of research that the reviewers must cover and the newness of all the ideas in the final shortlist, require our reviewers to be at the top of their fields, capable of working across many fields, and imbued with “HFSP – ness”. In other words, they can recognise outstanding science and have an individual spirit that supports the frontier-extending, high risk research that HFSPO wishes to support.

INTRODUCTION — 13 This year saw the culmination of the updating of our Statutes and Bylaws. HFSPO is an interesting international model in research – a funding collaboration between the leading life science research countries of the world, though voluntary contributions, that shares a common goal to promote outstanding, paradigm changing science through international collaborations. Established 29 years ago, the Statutes and Bylaws are now ready for the future of HFSPO, as we celebrate the 30th anniversary in 2019. HFSPO regularly undertakes a review of the Program and its outcomes. The Board of Trustees has established an International Scientific Review Committee to prepare a report to coincide with the important landmark of the 30th anniversary of HFSPO next year. Members include Dr. Bridget Ogilvie (Chair), Dr. Jill Heemskerk, Dr. Nancy Ip and Dr. Mats Ulfendahl, with Dr. Eric Westhof, University of Strasbourg, acting as an independent consultant to the Committee. In depth analysis of the outcomes of HFSPO funding is being undertaken and the conclusions of the review will inform HFSPO’s Strategic Plan from 2019 onwards. The Secretary General and Scientific Directors continued their work on data sustainability. Following publication of a letter in Nature (Anderson et al. (2017) Nature 543: 179) and an article in bioRhiv (doi: http://dx.doi. org/10.1101/110825), we have convened a steering group to develop a plan for a global coalition to support the most crucial data resources in life sciences and biomedical research. By providing a forum for discussion of issues with an international dimension in life science research, such as data resource sustainability, HFSPO can play a constructive role for life science researchers around the world.

The scientific staff of the HFSPO Secretariat aim to visit leading research sites in member countries to explain HFSPO award programs and encourage high quality applications. This year we visited Japan, India, New Zealand and Norway. After six years of service to the Organization, our internationally renowned President, Prof. Nobutaka Hirokawa, will soon retire. Nobutaka has provided wonderful leadership to HFSPO, with a passion for the crucial place that HFSPO occupies in the world’s research. All members of the Board and the Secretariat salute him and thank him for his inspiration. The G7 Presidents and Prime Ministers’ vision three decades ago was to promote international understanding through collaboration in life science research, and to benefit humankind through greater knowledge and application of that knowledge. This mission remains as crucial today as it was then. It is inspiring to see the breadth of collaboration in HFSPO awards, with this year scientists from more than 50 countries being involved in our Research Grant, Fellowship and Career Development Award applications and awards. Science without borders indeed!

14 — INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION — 15 Chapter 1 Fellowship Program Fellowship Program

1.1 Introduction 18 1.2 Selection of HFSP Fellowships awarded in March 2018 20 1.3 The 2018 Fellowship Review Committee 23 1.4 Awardees lists for Fellowships 25 1.5 Selection of HFSP Career Development Awards 41 awarded in March 2018 1.6 The 2018 CDA Review Committee 44 1.7 Awardees lists for Career Development Awards 45 1.8 Examples of Frontier Fellowships initiated 48 in FY 2017 1.1 INTRODUCTION

The scientific landscape is changing fast. Novel approaches coming from different disciplines hold great promise to solve old and new problems. The challenge for all scientists is to look beyond their original expertise and broaden their horizons by working with collaborators they have never interacted with before and by moving into new fields of research.

HFSPO is at the forefront of such interdisciplinary, collaborative research. Through its different funding schemes, it supports frontier, potentially transformative ‘out-of-the-box’ proposals and encourages applications for high-risk/high-reward projects. The projects should challenge existing paradigms by using novel approaches and techniques. They should address important problems and barriers to progress in the field.

One of the cornerstones of HFSPO is to promote and foster young researchers through postdoctoral fellowships. By enabling the brightest young scientists to conduct research in the best laboratories across the world and to move into new areas of research, it provides them with the training necessary to prepare themselves for the fast-moving scientific world.

Research projects can range from biological functions at the molecular and cellular level up to the biological systems level, including cognitive functions. All levels of analysis are supported: studies on genes and individual molecules, intracellular networks, intercellular associations in tissues and organs, and networks underlying the complex functions of entire organisms, populations, or ecosystems.

18 — CHAPTER 1 Left to right: Carine SCHMITT, Barbara PAULY, Marie‑Claude PERDIGUES

There are two Long-Term Fellowships (LTF) Cross-Disciplinary Fellowships provide three years of support (CDF) are intended for types of for applicants with a degree postdoctoral fellows with a in the life sciences to obtain degree outside the life sciences fellowships: training in a new area of research (e.g., physical sciences, in an outstanding laboratory of chemistry, mathematics, their choice in another country. engineering or computer Applicants are expected to sciences) who wish to receive broaden their horizons and training in biology. As for the to move into a new research LTF, CDF awardees receive field that is different from their three years of support to obtain doctoral studies or previous training in a laboratory of their postdoctoral training. choice in another country. Applicants for this fellowship are expected to move into a new research field through a significant change in discipline.

The fellowships provide an annual living allowance as well as a research and travel allowance. Both types of fellowships are flexible; for example, awardees can defer the third year of their fellowship for up to two years and can also use the third year in a different country or in their home country. At the end of the fellowship, the awardees can request a 6-month no-cost extension to spend any remaining funds in their host lab. At HFSPO we believe that such flexibility is crucial for allowing fellows to make the most of their postdoctoral training. Fellows with children qualify for a child allowance and fellows who have a child during their fellowship can take up to three months of paid parental leave.

FELLOWSHIP PROGRAM — 19 1.2 SELECTION OF HFSP FELLOWSHIPS AWARDED IN MARCH 2018

The HFSP Fellowship program is distinct from similar programs supporting postdoctoral researchers during an international exchange.

The competition was dominated by applicants from non-member countries (Figure 1.1) followed by candidates from Europe, India, France and Germany. In total there were 633 applications submitted for the most recent fellowship competition, out of which 588 were reviewed.

Figure 1.1 Nationality of fellowship applicants in 2018

SG KR 2 10

UK USA CA IT JP DE FR IN EU Other 13 21 22 26 35 41 43 78 106 179

NO AU 1 9 CH 2

In March 2018, HFSPO announced the next cohort of HFSP Fellowship awards. There were applications from 56 nationalities, and fellowships were awarded to scientists of 23 different nationalities (see Table 1.1). In the category for the Long-Term Fellowships, 79 young researchers were funded and 12 new awards will support Cross-Disciplinary Fellows.

20 — CHAPTER 1 Table 1.1 1.2 Nationalities of Long-Term (LTF) and Cross-Disciplinary (CDF) Fellowship applicants and awardees for FY 2018

CDF SELECTION OF HFSP Nationality LTF applicants LTF awardees applicants CDF awardees Total awardees Australia 9

Canada 20 6 2 6 FELLOWSHIPS Europe 97 9 9 3 12 France 43 4 4 AWARDED IN Germany 37 15 4 1 16 India 68 3 10 1 4

Italy 22 3 4 1 4 MARCH 2018 Japan 35 2 2 Korea 9 2 1 1 3

New Zealand

Norway 1

Singapore 1 1

Switzerland 2

United Kingdom 12 2 1 2

United States 21 8 8 of America

Other* 157 25 22 5 30

TOTAL 534 79 54 12 91

*Other : non-HFSPO countries and dual nationalities.

FELLOWSHIP PROGRAM — 21 HFSP fellows chose host labs in a wide range of countries. Since 1990, HFSP fellows have been hosted in 22 countries. This year 23 host countries were proposed and awards were recommended in 15 countries with half going to labs in the USA (Figure 1.2).

Figure 1.2 Host country of Long-Term and Cross-Disciplinary Fellowship applicants and awardees in FY 2018

APPLICATIONS

270 United States of America 15 Spain 58 United Kingdom 14 Netherlands 49 Switzerland 9 Austria 41 Germany 9 Japan 30 France 7 Singapore 22 Canada 6 Portugal 19 Australia 5 Israel 18 Sweden 16 Others

AWARDS

45 United States of America 3 Netherlands 9 Switzerland 2 Australia 7 Germany 2 Portugal 4 Austria 2 Sweden 4 France 1 Canada 4 United Kingdom 1 Denmark 3 Israel 1 Japan 3 Spain

22 — CHAPTER 1 1.3 THE 2018 FELLOWSHIP REVIEW COMMITTEE

CHAIR Peter KOOPMAN, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia

AUSTRALIA Michelle DUNSTONE, Monash University, Melbourne Peter KOOPMAN, The University of Queensland, Brisbane

CANADA Anja GEITMANN, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue Tania WATTS, University of Toronto

EUROPEAN COMMISSION Cayetano GONZALEZ, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona, Spain Angela NIETO, Instituto de Neurociencias, CSIC-UMH, San Juan de Alicante, Spain Lene ODDERSHEDE, University of Copenhagen, Denmark

FRANCE Christophe MULLE, University of Bordeaux Daniel RIVELINE, IGBMC, Strasbourg Pierre SENS, Institut Curie, Paris Peter KOOPMAN Chair of the Fellowship GERMANY Wolfgang HUBER, EMBL, Heidelberg Review Committee Felicity JONES, Friedrich Miescher Laboratorium of the Max Planck Society, Tuebingen Patrik KRIEGER, Ruhr-University Bochum

INDIA Nagasuma CHANDRA, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore Saman HABIB, CSIR - Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow

FELLOWSHIP PROGRAM — 23 JAPAN Yoshie HARADA, Osaka University Shin ISHII, Kyoto University

REPUBLIC OF KOREA Hyunsook LEE, Seoul National University

SINGAPORE Peter DRÖGE, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore Walter HUNZIKER, National University of Singapore Shyam PRABHAKAR, Genome Institute of Singapore

SWITZERLAND Marcos GONZALEZ-GAITAN, University of Geneva

24 — CHAPTER 1 Fritjof HELMCHEN, University of Zurich

UNITED KINGDOM Mariann BIENZ, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Marina PICCIOTTO, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven

DELEGATE FROM THE COUNCIL OF SCIENTISTS Gabrielle BELZ, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia

24 — CHAPTER 1 1.4 AWARDEES LISTS

1.4.1 Long-Term and Cross-Disciplinary Fellowships awarded in March 2018 (to be initiated in FY 2018)

CROSS-DISCIPLINARY FELLOWSHIPS

Self-organization of bacterial biofilms as active matter ALERT Ricard (Spain) Princeton University, USA

Non-invasive deep brain stimulation and imaging using near-infrared upconversion nanocrystals CHEN Shuo (China) University of California, Berkeley, USA

Protein liquid-liquid phase separation as a mechanism of peroxisome matrix membrane transport DE OLIVEIRA LIMA BACELLAR Isabel (Brazil) University of Montreal, Canada

In vivo voltage imaging of cortical circuits GMEINER Benjamin (Germany) Harvard University, Cambridge, USA

Quantitative in situ liquid cell transmission electron microscopy of microtubules GNANASEKARAN Karthikeyan (India) Northwestern University, Evanston, USA

In vitro control of cell collective flows and tissue folding by means of surface patterns GUILLAMAT Pau (Spain) University of Geneva, Switzerland

Unraveling cellular process in guanine crystals forming cell GUR Dvir (Israel) NIH, Bethesda, USA

FELLOWSHIP PROGRAM — 25 Quantitative implementation of causality in dynamic molecular pathways HUH Jaewon (Korea) University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, USA

De novo computational design of functional metalloproteins KALVET Indrek (Estonia) University of Washington, Seattle, USA

Dynamic network theory of microbial communities LI Aming (China) University of Oxford, UK

New glycoforms for IgG antibodies UNIONE Luca (Italy) Utrecht University, Netherlands

Tooth and beak: evo-devo control of tooth agenesis WANG Shuo (China) University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA

LONG-TERM FELLOWSHIPS

Development of a microtubule nucleation biosensor ALI Aamir (India) Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona, Spain

Dissecting the role of dopamine to supervise limbic neural ensembles during emotional learning AMADEI Elizabeth (USA) ETH Zurich, Switzerland

The origin of thoughts: neural mechanisms of spontaneous thought generation in wakefulness and sleep ANDRILLON Thomas (France) University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia

Functional metagenomic discovery of host-microbiome effectors using massively parallel scRNA-seq ANTONOVSKY Niv (Israel/USA) Rockefeller University, New York, USA

Characterizing the activity of neural assemblies in the hippocampus during rapid-eye movement sleep BOYCE Richard (Canada) Institut de Neurobiologie de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France

The role of bacterial symbionts in development and homeostasis of the immune system CORNICK Stephen (Canada) Institut Pasteur, Paris, France

26 — CHAPTER 1 Unraveling co-evolution of multiple pathogens in humans using genomics and “big data” DATTA Manoshi (USA) Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel

Defining the key regulators of cell fate decisions by single cell co-assays DOMCKE Silvia (Germany) University of Washington, Seattle, USA

Mechanisms of radiation resistance in neural stem cells EID André (France/Lebanon) The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK

How are genes born de novo and integrated into cellular systems? FRUMKIN Idan (Israel) Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, USA

Rebuilding multicellularity to uncover spatiotemporal computation in living systems GREISS Ferdinand (Germany) Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel

Quantitative analysis of single-cell regeneration dynamics in living planarians GRITTI Nicola (Italy) University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA

Engineering class 2 type VI CRISPR effector proteins for the regulation and study of mRNA splicing GUEROUSSOV Serge (Canada) Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, USA

Block-Seq, an innovative strategy to decipher cell-cell signaling in root meristems GUILLOTIN Bruno (France) New York University, USA

Studying brain representations as distributed processes: from neural code to behavior HAHAMY Avital (Israel) University College London, UK

Keeping in time with the heat: how oscillating temperatures set the plant circadian clock HAYES Scott (UK) Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain

High-speed 3D-nanoscopy to study the role of adhesion during 3D cell migration JAHR Wiebke (Germany) Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria

FELLOWSHIP PROGRAM — 27 Revealing the principles of biogenesis and regulation of the Eukaryotic CO2-concentrating organelle KAFRI Moshe (Israel) Princeton University, USA

A biophysical study on the role of mechanical feedback in learning and the emergence of locomotion KARZBRUN Eyal (Israel) University of California, Santa Barbara, USA

Dissecting the interaction between leukemia initiating cells and their bone marrow microenvironment KOKKALIARIS Konstantinos (Greece) Harvard University and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA

Human gut microbial determinants of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease KRAUTKRAMER Kimberly (USA) University of Gothenburg, Sweden

A systems-level approach to stress granule maturation in neurodegenerative diseases KROSCHWALD Sonja (Germany) ETH, Zurich, Switzerland

Real-time spectral imaging and prediction of successive state changes in model microbial communities LANDRY Zachary (USA) ETH, Zurich, Switzerland

Resolving the structures and mechanisms of heteromeric amino acid transporter by phase-plate cryo-EM LEE Yongchan (Korea) Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, Frankfurt, Germany

How to grow a flat leaf? LEGRIS Martina (Argentina/Italy) Faculty of Biology and Medicine, Lausanne, Switzerland

Anatomical and functional characterization of the neural circuits controlling ejaculation LENSCHOW Constanze (Germany) Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal

High-content phenogenomic analysis of mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) in C. elegans LI Terytty Yang (China) École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Switzerland

Dissecting microbial driven maternal-fetal immune crosstalk and consequences on offspring immunity LIM Ai Ing (Malaysia) National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA

28 — CHAPTER 1 Deciphering the mechanism and significance of a common stress program LIM Jaechul (Korea) Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, USA

Imaging functional integration of newborn neurons into neural circuits of the axolotl brain LUST Katharina (Germany) Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna, Austria

Mapping and manipulating stem cell fate acquisition using synthetic gene constructs MAGNUSSON Jens (Sweden) California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, USA

Structural and functional investigations of the Trypanosoma brucei mitochondrial RNA editing complex MATTEI Simone (Italy) ETH Zurich, Switzerland

Microbial metabolic networks: the hidden key to resilience of coral algal endosymbionts MATTHEWS Jennifer (UK) University of Technology, Sydney, Australia

Do cortical feedback connections store statistical knowledge of the environment? MAZO Camille (France) Champalimaud Center for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal

Elucidating the molecular assembly of a pioneer transcription factor with nucleosomes using cryo-EM MICHAEL Alicia (USA) Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland

Neural population dynamics during flexible feedback control MICHAELS Jonathan (Canada) Stanford University, USA

Exploring cell type-specific variation in the cell division machinery MIERZWA Beata (Austria) University of California, San Diego, USA

Mechanical stress response and adaptation at the nuclear-cytoskeletal interface MIROSHNIKOVA Yekaterina (USA) Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany

What does it mean to be modified? From RNA modification to phenotype MOOIJMAN Dylan (Netherlands) EMBL, Heidelberg, Germany

FELLOWSHIP PROGRAM — 29 Dissecting the functional role of layilin on tumor-infiltrating T cells MOREAU Joshua (Canada) University of California, San Francisco, USA

Is gene body methylation under selection in plants? A test using population data in Arabidopsis MUYLE Aline (Belgium/France) University of California, Irvine, USA

Integration of multiple diverse microbiota-derived signals by dendritic cells NAGASHIMA Kazuki (Japan) Stanford University, USA

Harnessing protein homeostasis for the rejuvenation of aged cells NAVARRO NEGREDO Paloma (Spain) Stanford University, Palo Alto, USA

Torpor as a defence mechanism against pathogens NIKKANEN Joni (Finland) University of California, San Francisco, USA

Dissecting the molecular mechanisms of arrestin recruitment by G-protein coupled receptors PAKHARUKOVA Natalia (Finland/Russia) Duke University, Durham, USA

Polyphenism, obesity and cancer: searching for alternate states of tumor susceptibility PANZERI Ilaria (Italy) Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany

Measurements of the impact of extinction and invasion on microbial community structure and stability PEARL MIZRAHI Sivan (Israel) Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, USA

Structural studies of the minor spliceosome PETER Daniel (Germany) European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Grenoble, France

Coordination of mesendoderm fate specification and internalization during zebrafish gastrulation PINHEIRO Diana (Portugal) Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria

Rapid reshaping of nuclear architecture through dynamic patterns of ribosomal DNA cluster-usage RABANAL Fernando (Mexico) Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Tuebingen, Germany

30 — CHAPTER 1 Neural microcircuits underlying prosocial behavior RAY Saikat (India) Weizmann Institute, Rehovot, Israel

Discovering the mechanisms underlying intrinsic repair of muscle cells in wildtype and sarcopenia ROMAN William (France/USA) Universitat Pompeu Fabra / ICREA, Barcelona, Spain

Active and passive listening channels for auditory scene analysis SALLES Angeles (Argentina) Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA

Inheritance and transduction of environmental information in asexually reproducing plants SATO Hikaru (Japan) Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden

Quantitative analysis of cell death of E. coli during starvation SCHINK Severin (Germany) Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA

Neural coding during motor learning in the cerebellar cortex SCHMID Lena (Germany) University College London, UK

Deciphering metabolic rewiring of cysteine metabolism for redox control in cancer cells SCHWÖRER Simon (Germany) Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA

How actin generates force in clathrin-mediated endocytosis – a cryo-electron tomography study SERWAS Daniel (Germany) University of California, Berkeley, USA

Extracellular vesicles and their role in immune homeostasis SERWAS Nina (Germany) University of California, San Francisco, USA

How dinosaurs lost their tails: unveiling the developmental origins of a major evolutionary shift SIEIRO MOSTI Daniel (Mexico) Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, USA

Modulation of single cell volume and mass growth dynamics by intrinsic and extrinsic factors SRIVASTAVA Nishit (India) Institut Curie, Paris, France

FELLOWSHIP PROGRAM — 31 A molecular and functional map of sensory coding in the gut STERNBERG Jenna (USA) University of Basel, Switzerland

Neuronal networks of salience and spatial detection in the murine superior colliculus SUMSER Anton (Germany) Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria

Revealing the biophysical mechanisms for transparency and near infrared reflectance in animals TABOADA Carlos Alberto (Argentina/Italy) Duke University, Durham, USA

Flagella beating, from the single organelle to collective self-organization TAYAR Alexandra (France/Israel) University of California, Santa Barbara, USA

The complexed interactions of mAtg9 membrane protein in the regulation of autophagy TAYEB-FLIGELMAN Einav (Israel) University of California, Los Angeles, USA

What makes a racehorse fast? Dissecting effects of photosynthetic and metabolic performance on growth TREVES Haim (Israel) Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Golm, Germany

A controlled system to study the neural sequences in CA3 VALERO Manuel (Spain) New York University, USA

Crosstalk between dormant, senescent cells and neighbouring cells during cancer immune response VENNIN Claire (France) Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands

Uncovering mechanisms and dynamics of ncRNA transcription in mouse embryonic stem cells VLAMING Hanneke (Netherlands) Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA

Deciphering viral immune evasion by systematic investigation of viral antigens WEINGARTEN-GABBAY Shira (Israel) The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, USA

Elucidating the molecular basis of ATR-ATRIP function WEISSER Melanie (Germany) Copenhagen University, Denmark

32 — CHAPTER 1 Spatial integration of thermotactile stimuli in the thalamocortical circuit and behavior WHITMIRE Clarissa (USA) Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany

Chemical proteomics to dissect intracellular phase transitions WIECZOREK Michal (Canada) The Rockefeller University, New York, USA

Deciphering the TIM-3/CEACAM-1 axis in colorectal cancer WOLF Yochai (Israel) Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, USA

Dissection of the molecular mechanism underlying asymmetric plant cell division YI Peishan (China) Nagoya University, Japan

Identifying neurons and circuits mediating anesthesia-induced unconsciousness YIN Luping (China) Duke University, Durham, USA

Investigating differentiation using parallel single cell transcriptomic and epigenomic analysis ZELLER Peter (Germany) University Medical Center Utrecht, Netherlands

Structural and functional characterization of lysosomes in pancreatic cancer in-vivo ZERON-MEDINA CUAIRAN Jorge (Mexico/Spain) Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, USA

FELLOWSHIP PROGRAM — 33 1.4.2 Long-Term and Cross-Disciplinary Fellowships initiated between 1 April 2017 and 31 March 2018 (FY 2017)

CROSS-DISCIPLINARY FELLOWSHIPS

Elucidating nucleolar self-organization by seeding nuclei with segregated nucleolar sublayers BRACHA Dan (Israel) Princeton University, USA

Quantitative analysis of cell polarity with microfluidics and traction force microscopy GHABACHE Elisabeth (France) UC San Diego, La Jolla, USA

Voltage sensing in neurons using nanorods KAREDLA Venkata Satya Narain (India) Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel

A multiscale approach towards studying contractility in cytoskeleton networks KOLVIN Itamar (Israel) Brandeis University, Waltham, USA

Glycyl radical enzymes in human microbiota and their characterisation LUESCHER Michael Umberto (Switzerland) Harvard University, Cambridge, USA

Abiotic self-replication and directed evolution in colloidal strings MATHIJSSEN Arnold (Netherlands) Stanford University, USA

Nanoelectrochemistry and NanoSIMS to study the effects of cognitive drugs on synaptic vesicles RANJBARI Elias (Iran) University of Gothenburg, Sweden

Multicolor super-resolution fluorescence imaging of protein interactions during T-cell activation SIMONCELLI Sabrina (Argentina/Italy) King’s College London, UK

Revealing millisecond-scale neural dynamics with non-invasive organic electronics SPYROPOULOS Georgios (Greece) Columbia University, New York, USA

34 — CHAPTER 1 LONG-TERM FELLOWSHIPS

Unraveling the microscale mechanisms driving particle degradation in the ocean ALCOLOMBRI Uria (Bulgaria/Israel) ETH Zurich, Switzerland

The structural basis of heritable asthma and inflammatory disorders of sphingolipid synthesis AYDIN Halil (Turkey) UC San Francisco, USA

A single-cell multi-omics approach to study mouse pre-implantation development BATTICH Nicolas (Argentina/Italy) Hubrecht Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands

Systems-level analysis of the immune response to CNS injury: revealing targets for regeneration BENHAR BAR-ON Inbal (Germany/Israel) Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, USA

Mechanisms underlying coordination of single-cell transcriptomes with cell volume and surface area BERRY Scott (Australia) University of Zurich, Switzerland

Developmental roles of sleep and arousal circuits in shaping the cortical connectivity and functions BIAN Wenjie (China) Stanford University, USA

The pre-metazoan origins of animal cell contractility BRUNET Thibaut (France) UC Berkeley, USA

Molecular basis of avian influenza polymerase adaptation to human hosts CAMACHO ZARCO Aldo Roman (Mexico) Institute of Structural Biology, Grenoble, France

The regulation of intestinal barrier function: enteroendocrine cells, enteric glia and nerves CAVIN Jean-Baptiste (France) University of Calgary, Canada

Identification of novel extracellular protein-protein interactions for the CNS vascularization CHANG Tao-Hsin (Taiwan) Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA

FELLOWSHIP PROGRAM — 35 Defining the structural basis for kinase inhibition and activation by the Hsp90 chaperone system COUTANDIN Daniel (Germany) UC San Francisco, USA

Assessment of the molecular mechanisms underlying regression of cardiac growth in pythons CROCINI Claudia (Italy) University of Colorado, Boulder, USA

Elucidating Arginyl-tRNA synthetase moonlighting functions with mass spectrometry-based terminomics CUI Haissi (Germany) Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, USA

Learning about touch: the neuromechanics of plant-pollinator interactions DEORA Tanvi (India) University of Washington, Seattle, USA

Small non coding RNAs in ribosome biogenesis DOERFEL Lili (Germany) Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, USA

Characterizing the innate immune response to viral infections in single cells DRAYMAN Nir (Israel) University of Chicago, USA

Dynamic and quantitative transcriptome and epigenome analysis during somitogenesis ESPOSITO Emilia (Italy) EMBL Heidelberg, Germany

The impact of Nod2 signaling on brain activity and behavior GABANYI Ilana (Brazil) Institut Pasteur, Paris, France

Understanding the principles of tissue repair that accelerate tumor initiation GALLINI Sara (Italy) Yale University, New Haven, USA

Revealing the molecular mechanisms underlying mechanotransduction at cadherin-catenin complexes GARZON-CORAL Carlos (Colombia) Stanford University, USA

Sleep’s role in memory consolidation: intracranial human electrophysiology and electrical stimulation 1Fellowship will exceptionally be GEVA SAGIV Maya1 (Israel) activated in FY 2018 UC Los Angeles, USA

36 — CHAPTER 1 Studying how cis- and trans-regulation shaped human muscles, using human-chimpanzee hybrids GOKHMAN David (Israel) Stanford University, USA

Deriving adult-like hematopoietic stem cells from pluripotent stem cells GONZALES Kevin Andrew (Philippines) Rockefeller University, New York, USA

Dissecting the spatiotemporal crosstalk between skin stem cells and the vascular capillary network GUR-COHEN Shiri (Israel) Rockefeller University, New York, USA

Intracellular signaling in response to starvation in Caulobacter crescentus GUZZO Mathilde (France) MIT, Cambridge, USA

Resolving morphogen gradient formation and scaling: a unified theory using novel quantitative assays HADJIVASILIOU Zena (Cyprus, EU) University of Geneva, Switzerland

Exploring the temporal dynamics of autosomal random monoallelic expression HENDRIKS Gerardus Johannes (Netherlands) Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden

Interrogation of yeast receptors using a metabolomics-based chemical screening system HOLBROOK-SMITH Duncan (Canada) ETH Zurich, Switzerland

Orderly assembly of neurons in the Drosophila motion vision circuits HOLGUERA LÓPEZ Isabel María (Spain) New York University, USA

Inference of ghost populations in demographic history KAMM John (USA) Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK

Identifying genetic modifiers of a-synuclein propagation in iPSc-derived mosaic neuronal cultures KARA Eleanna (Greece) University of Zurich, Switzerland

Restoration of voluntary motor control after severe spinal cord injury with neurorehabilitation KATHE Claudia (Germany) Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Switzerland

FELLOWSHIP PROGRAM — 37 How developmental control of genome duplication contributes to embryogenesis KIENINGER Manuela Rebecka (Germany) Cancer Research UK, Cambridge, UK

Deciphering cancer cell plasticity by mammalian recombinase-based state machine (RSM) KIM Tackhoon (Korea) MIT, Cambridge, USA

Detection of visual motion in the cortex KOSCHE Georg (Germany) FMI Basel, Switzerland

A genome-wide, biochemical approach to study the biology of chromosome folding KRIETENSTEIN Nils (Germany) University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, USA

Evolution-based approach to reprogram T cell signaling KYUNG Taeyoon (Korea) MIT, Cambridge, USA

Exploring drug combinations inspired by soil bacteria communities LÁZÁR Viktória (Hungary) Technion, Haifa, Israel

Mechanistic basis of plant autoimmunity LI Lei (China) MPI for Developmental Biology, Tuebingen, Germany

The mechanisms and substrates of ribosome-associated quality control LIN Zhewang (Singapore) MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK

Investigating the genetic basis and molecular mechanism of S. pombe mating preference LIU Gaowen (China) University of Lausanne, Switzerland

Uncovering cellular plasticity in the injured brain LLORENS BOBADILLA Enric (Spain) Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden

Molecular control of stem cell fate by Wnt signaling during whole-body regeneration LUO Yi-Jyun (Taiwan) Harvard University, Cambridge, USA

38 — CHAPTER 1 Using DNA origami to create lipid discs for studying membrane protein interactions MAINGI Vishal (India) CalTech, Pasadena, USA

In vivo imaging of synaptic plasticity through learning and sleep MIYAMOTO Daisuke (Japan) University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA

Elucidation of the cohesin mediated spatial organization of chromatin structure NAGASAKA Kota (Japan) IMP Vienna, Austria

Integrative analysis of the role of mammalian Hox genes in tissue patterning NAKAKI Fumio (Japan) EMBL, Barcelona, Spain

Examining genome wide gene expression and regulation during cardiac regeneration in zebrafish NGUYEN Phong (Australia) Hubrecht Institute for Developmental Biology and Stem Cell Research, Utrecht, Netherlands

Influence of commensal bacteria on germinal center formation and maintenance NOWOSAD Carla (UK) Rockefeller University, New York, USA

Developmental strategies to cope with nutritional stress OHNO Hayao (Japan) Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, USA

The genetic basis of gene expression robustness under dietary stress PALLARES Luisa (Colombia) Princeton University, USA

A mother’s unusual legacy: transgenerational inheritance of social behavior in Drosophila SADANANDAPPA Madhumala (India) Dartmouth College, Hanover, USA

Promoting fear extinction in humans by capitalizing on targeted memory reactivation SCHECHTMAN-DRAYMAN Eitan (Israel) Northwestern University, Evanston, USA

Mapping the enhancer regulatory landscape following ricin exposure SHIPONY Zohar (Israel) Stanford University, USA

FELLOWSHIP PROGRAM — 39 Uncovering the drivers of collective movement at individual and group scales in meerkats STRANDBURG-PESHKIN Ariana (Germany/USA) University of Zurich, Switzerland

Investigating the mechanism of genome rearrangement in the ciliate Oxytricha STRECKER Jonathan (Canada) Broad Institute, Cambridge, USA

Role of extracellular matrix in regulating neurotrophin uptake, transport and biological activity SURANA Sunaina (India) University College London, UK

Identifying germline precursors of HIV-1 broadly neutralizing antibodies by single cell RNA-seq TORRENO-PINA Juan Andres (Spain) Massachusetts General Hospital, Cambridge, USA

Brain and brawn in balance: disentangling central and peripheral contributions to balance control VAN SCHOOTEN Kim (Netherlands) University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia

Dissecting the maternal/fetal cross-talk in human early pregnancy one cell at a time VENTO TORMO Roser (Spain) Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK

Energy budgeting of microbial players in global carbon and nitrogen cycles WU Fabai (China) CalTech, Pasadena, USA

Activation mechanism of the Smoothened receptor by single particle electron cryo-microscopy ZHANG Kaihua (China) UC San Francisco, USA

Investigating microenvironmental heterogeneity of genetically diverse glioblastomas ZOMER Anoek (Netherlands) University of Lausanne, Switzerland

40 — CHAPTER 1 1.5 SELECTION OF HFSP CAREER DEVELOPMENT AWARDS AWARDED IN MARCH 2018

The transition from being a postdoctoral fellow to becoming an independent researcher is one of the most challenging career stages, due to scarce financial resources and often a move to a different city or country at a time when there is significant pressure to be productive and demonstrate impact.

HFSP’s Career Development Award (CDA) helps mitigate these issues and facilitates career development for early-stage researchers, thus complementing the postdoctoral fellowships. The goal of the CDA is to support former HFSP postdoctoral fellows to return to their home country or move to an HFSP member country to establish and operate their first independent laboratory. The three-year award provides 300 000 USD of support during a critical period of early career development, in which the awardees move from a mentored to an independent position.

As for the other funding schemes, applicants for the CDA are expected to propose an original and innovative frontier research project that holds promise for the development of new approaches to solve problems in the life sciences and with the potential to advance the field of research significantly.

One of the unique aspects of the CDA program is its great flexibility. CDA holders are able to use the funds to achieve the best outcomes for their particular research. Typically, they are used to cover the costs of research associated with the awardee’s laboratory (e.g., salaries of students and postdocs, equipment and reagents, conferences, etc.). In general, the host institutions are expected to contribute additional resources to support the awardees and their independent research program.

The CDA program was launched in 2003. Since then 823 applications have been submitted, proposing to hold the award in 34 different countries. There have been 231 award recipients. HFSP alumni are strong contributors to the global network of researchers open to new ideas and international collaboration.

FELLOWSHIP PROGRAM — 41 Table 1.2 The number of applicants, awardees and the success rates for the HFSPO Career Development Award since 2003

Number of Number of Female Award year Success rate applications awards (%) awardees (%)

2003 22 8 36 0

2004 41 17 42 29

2005 47 18 38 11

2006 51 29 57 21

2007 48 24 50 25

2008 57 20 35 25

2009 49 24 49 8

2010 47 16 34 13

2011 40 9 23 11

2012 55 8 15 25

2013 66 8 12 13

2014 62 13 21 31

2015 63 8 13 25

2016 57 8 14 25

2017 61 10 16 30

2018 57 11 19 27

TOTAL 823 231 28 20

In 2018, out of the 57 submitted applications, a total of 11 were selected for funding and the awardees’ laboratories are located in Canada, Germany, Israel, Japan, Spain and the UK (the complete list of awards is available in section 1.7). HFSP has seeded new faculty in many different countries since the inception of this program (see Figure 1.3)

42 — CHAPTER 1 Figure 1.3 Host countries for Career Development Awards from 2003-2018

34 France 9 Australia, Austria, Sweden 34 Germany (3 each) 34 Israel 8 Switzerland 25 Japan 6 United Kingdom 22 Canada 6 China, Denmark, Korea (2 each) 18 Spain, United States of 6 Brazil, Czech Republic, Finland, America (9 each) Greece, Hungary, Taiwan (1 each) 5 Belgium 12 Netherlands 12 Argentina, India, Italy (4 each)

Figure 1.4 Nationalities of the applicants for the Career Development Awards from 2003-2018

34 Germany 14 Canada 31 France 12 Belgium, India, Switzerland 29 Israel (4 Each) 26 Japan 12 Argentina, China, Denmark, 25 Brazil, Czech Republic, Korea, Portugal, Sweden (2 Each) Finland, Hungary, Poland, 11 Netherlands Taiwan, 19 Dual Nationalities 9 Spain (1 each) 7 Italy 15 Australia, Austria, Greece, 6 United States of America Israel/United States of America, United Kingdom (3 each)

FELLOWSHIP PROGRAM — 43 1.6 THE 2018 CDA REVIEW COMMITTEE

CHAIR Declan BATES, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK

VICE-CHAIR Susan GASSER, Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland

EUROPEAN COMMISSION Ola HERMANSON, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden

FRANCE Bruno GOUD, Curie Institute, Paris

INDIA Vineeta BAL, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune Declan BATES Chair of the CDA Review JAPAN Committee Gohta GOSHIMA, Nagoya University

SWITZERLAND Susan GASSER, Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel

UK Declan BATES, University of Warwick, Coventry

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Federica BRANDIZZI, Michigan State University, East Lansing Adrienne FAIRHALL, University of Washington, Seattle Joshua SHAEVITZ, Princeton University

DELEGATE FROM THE COUNCIL OF SCIENTISTS Helmut GRUBMUELLER, Max-Planck-Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Goettingen, Germany

44 — CHAPTER 1 1.7 AWARDEES LISTS

1 .7.1 Career Development Awards awarded in March 2018 (to be initiated in FY 2018)

Investigating the circuit basis of adolescence impulsivity ARRUDA-CARVALHO Maithe (Brazil/France) University of Toronto Scarborough, Canada

A new epitranscriptome mark - deciphering function and mechanism of N1-methyladenosine (m1A) in mRNA DOMINISSINI Dan (Israel/Italy) Sheba Medical Center / Tel-Aviv University, Israel

Schizogony: understanding atypical cell division mechanisms in malaria parasite GUIZETTI Julien (France/Germany) Heidelberg University Hospital, Germany

Genomic conflict and stability during germline development KARAM TEIXEIRA Felipe (Brazil/Portugal) Cambridge University, UK

A prosthetic photon-based neurotransmitter system to overcome synaptic transmission barriers KRIEG Michael (Germany) The Institute of Photonic Sciences, Castelldefels - Barcelona, Spain

Studying real-life conscious vs. unconscious processing: a novel experimental approach MUDRIK Liad (Israel) Tel Aviv University, Israel

Towards a quantitative understanding of the mechanistic coupling of X-inactivation and pluripotency SCHULZ Edda (Germany) Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany

Dissecting pediatric high-grade glioma by single cell expression profiling TIROSH Itay (Israel/USA) Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel

FELLOWSHIP PROGRAM — 45 The neuronal substrate of face selective visual responses TRENHOLM Stuart (Canada/UK) McGill University, Montreal, Canada

The metabolic control of ILC plasticity WILHELM Christoph (Germany) University Hospital Bonn, Germany

Decoding the molecular mechanisms and kinetics of the plastid- and mitochondrial-division machinery YOSHIDA Yamato (Japan) Ibaraki University, Japan

1 .7. 2 Career Development Awards initiated between 1 April 2017 and 31 March 2018 (FY 2017)

Regulation of error-prone DNA damage repair in bacteria BADRINARAYANAN Anjana (India) National Centre for Biological Sciences, Bangalore, India

Shedding light on the auditory pathway: from the cochlea to the brain BARRAL Jérémie (France) * Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France

The systems biochemistry of cell polarity and cytoskeletal morphogenesis BIELING Peter (Germany) Max Planck Institute for Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany

Structure and mechanism of (+)ssRNA virus replication complexes CARLSON Lars-Anders (Sweden) Umeå University, Sweden

Engineering synthetic asymmetric cell division DERIVERY Emmanuel (France) MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK

Using Drosophila to investigate how sleep supports memory consolidation DONLEA Jeffrey (USA) University of California, Los Angeles, USA

46 — CHAPTER 1 Brainstem substrates for motor skill learning ESPOSITO Maria Soledad (Argentina) * National Atomic Energy Commission, San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina

Understanding endomitosis: a common road to polyploidy GALLI Matilde (Italy) Hubrecht Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands

Elucidating mechanisms linking light perception to cytoskeletal organization NAKAMURA Masayoshi (Japan) Nagoya University, Japan

Subcellular properties and emerging embryo-scale mechanics driving morphogenesis RAUZI Matteo (Italy/USA) Institut de Biologie Valrose / University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, France

* These awardees will initiate the CDA at the end of 2018

FELLOWSHIP PROGRAM — 47 1.8 EXAMPLES OF FRONTIER FELLOWSHIPS INITIATED IN FY 2017

Here are a few examples of Cross-Disciplinary Fellowship projects that were funded in 2017. They represent the breadth of scientific fields supported by HFSP and the diversity of the applicants’ scientific backgrounds.

48 — CHAPTER 1 Arnold Mathijssen

To gain insights into the self-replicating potential of biological systems, theoretical physicist Dr. Arnold Mathijssen received a Cross-Disciplinary Fellowship to construct an abiotic analogue of such a system that evolves and reproduces over time. It is composed of strings of magnetic beads that perform swimming strokes and that can grow and shrink, depending on different conditions. This model system will lead to a better understanding of how the duplication of self-replicating systems is controlled. The title of his proposal is “Abiotic self-replication and directed evolution in colloidal strings”.

Georgios Spyropoulos

In his project titled “Revealing millisecond-scale neural dynamics with non-invasive organic electronics”, material scientist Georgios Spyropoulos proposes to develop novel large-scale neural interface devices that allow long-term, high spatiotemporal resolution, stable recording and stimulation of neural activity by injecting organic polymers into the living brain with the aim of elucidating the communication between different brain regions required to accomplish a cognitive task.

Michael Luescher

Chemist Michael Luescher received a Cross-Disciplinary Fellowship for his project entitled “Glycyl radical enzymes in human microbiota and their characterisation” in which he studies microbial glycyl radical enzymes (GREs) that use reactive, protein-based radical intermediates to catalyze key metabolic steps in anaerobes. These enzymes can damage proteins and are implicated in diverse human pathologies. Dr. Luescher will use a variety of approaches, including activity-based protein profiling, to characterize novel GREs within intact microbial communities. He further proposes to develop specific inhibitors against these enzymes with the ultimate goal to improve medical conditions associated with them.

FELLOWSHIP PROGRAM — 49 Chapter 2 Research Grant Program 2.1 Selection of HFSP Research Grants 52 awarded in March 2018 2.2 The 2018 HFSP Research Grant 54 Review Committee 2.3 Awardees lists 57 2.4 Examples of Young Investigator Frontier 73 Research Grants initiated in FY 2017 2.1 SELECTION OF HFSP RESEARCH GRANTS AWARDED IN MARCH 2018

Research Grants finance innovative collaborative projects of fundamental biological research for a period of three years. Both types, the Young Investigator Grants and the Program Grants, constitute international, and preferably intercontinental, teams of two to four scientists having their laboratories in different countries.

From the 770 letters of intent submitted in March 2017, the HFSPO Board of Trustees approved 31 awards of which 8 went to Young Investigator teams and 23 to teams within the Program Grants. The breakdown of the two-step review process for the HFSP Research Grants is shown in the table below.

Left to right: Geoffrey RICHARDS, Armelle KOUKOUI and Carole ASNAGHI

52 — CHAPTER 2 Table 2.1 Number of applications and awards approved for the 2018 Research Grants for the two program categories of Program Grants and Young Investigator Grants

Program Young TOTAL Grants Investigators

Number of eligible letters of intent 612 158 770

Number of full applications 63 16 79

Number of grants awarded 23 8 31

% of awarded grants, based on letters of intent 3.8 5.1 4

% of awarded grants, based on full applications 36.5 50 39.2

Number of members per team, mean (range) 3.4 (2-4) 3 (2-4) 3.3 (2-4)

Average size of award per year, kUSD 376 344 368

Cumulative total per year, mUSD 8.65 2.75 11.4

Figure 2.1 Countries in which Research Grant awardees are working

PRINCIPAL APPLICANTS

AU KR SG CH DE EU FR UK CA US 2 1 2 1 3 6 7 1 2 6

CO-APPLICANTS

Non AU JP SG CH DE EU FR UK US MSP 3 6 2 3 13 7 5 4 22 4

IN CA 1 1

EU: Austria 4, Denmark 2, Hungary 1, Netherlands 2 and Spain 4. Non MSP: Argentina 1, Chile 1, Russia 1 and South Africa 1.

RESEARCH GRANT PROGRAM — 53 2.2 THE 2018 HFSP GRANT REVIEW COMMITTEES

CHAIR Ray DUNN, Endodermal Development and Differentiation, ASTAR Institute of Medical Biology, Singapore

VICE-CHAIR Jorge GONCALVES, Systems Control Group, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch /Alzette

AUSTRALIA Elizabeth HARTLAND, Dept. of Molecular and Translational Science, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University Faculty of Medicine, Clayton Michael T. RYAN, Dept. of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne

CANADA Dipankar SEN, Dept. of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby

EUROPEAN COMMISSION Jorge GONCALVES, Systems Control Group, Luxembourg Centre for Ray DUNN Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch /Alzette Chair of the Research Gijsje KOENDERINK, Biological Soft Matter Group, FOM Institute AMOLF, Amsterdam, Netherlands Grant Review Committee Vladana VUKOJEVIC, Dept. of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden

FRANCE Valentina EMILIANI, Neurophotonics lab., University Paris Descartes, CNRS

54 — CHAPTER 2 GERMANY Fred WOLF, Research Group Theoretical Neurophysics, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, Faculty of Physics, Georg August University Göttingen

INDIA Upinder BHALLA, Dept. of Neurobiology, National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bangalore Gautam MENON, Theoretical Physics Group, The Institute of Mathematical Sciences, Chennai

ITALY Maria Antonietta DE MATTEIS, Cell Biology of Genetic Diseases (CBGD) Research Programme, Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Naples Mathew DIAMOND, Tactile Perception and Learning Lab, International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), Cognitive Neuroscience Sector, Trieste

JAPAN Tomomi SHIMOGORI, Lab for Molecular Mechanisms of Thalamus Development, RIKEN, BSI, Wako

KOREA Tae-Young ROH, Dept. of Life Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH)

NEW ZEALAND (not attending in January 2018) Vic ARCUS, Dept. of Biological Sciences, University of Waikato, Hamilton

NORWAY Nathalie REUTER, Dept. of Molecular Biology, University of Bergen

SINGAPORE Ray DUNN, Endodermal Development and Differentiation, ASTAR Institute of Medical Biology, Singapore

SWITZERLAND Brigitte GALLIOT, Dept. of Genetics and Evolution, University of Geneva Kentaro SHIMIZU, Dept. of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental studies, University of Zurich

UK Peter SWAIN, SynthSys, Centre for Synthetic and Systems Biology, University of Edinburgh

RESEARCH GRANT PROGRAM — 55 USA Cliff BRANGWYNNE, Dept. of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Princeton University Diane LIDKE, Dept. of Pathology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque Raghu PARTHASARATHY, Dept. of Physics, The University of Oregon, Eugene Massimo VERGASSOLA, Physics Dept., University California San Diego, La Jolla

DELEGATE FROM THE COUNCIL OF SCIENTISTS Theodor LANDIS, Dept. of Neurology, University Hospital and Medical Faculty of Geneva, Switzerland

56 — CHAPTER 2 2.3 AWARDEES LISTS

2.3.1 Research Grants initiated between 1 April 2017 and 31 December 2017 (FY 2017)1

PROGRAM GRANTS

A dung beetle’s life: how miniature creatures perform extraordinary feats with limited resources

BAIRD SWEDEN The Lund Vision Group, Dept. of Biology, Lund University Emily (AUSTRALIA) GORB Dept. of Functional Morphology and Biomechanics GERMANY Stanislav N. Zoological Institute, University of Kiel Embodied Artificial Intelligence & Neurorobotics Lab, MANOONPONG DENMARK Centre for BioRobotics, The Maersk Mc-Kinney Moller Institute, Poramate (THAILAND) The University of Southern Denmark, Odense

Exploring the concept of adaptive immunity to viruses in mosquitoes

BONIZZONI Dept. of Biology and Biotechnology ITALY Mariangela University of Pavia Vector Functional Genomics & Microbiology lab. SOUZA-NETO São Paulo State University BRAZIL Jayme Botucatu Dept. of Medical Microbiology VAN RIJ THE Radboud University Medical Center Ronald NETHERLANDS Nijmegen

Imaging the neurobiology of numerosity - the evolution of counting

BRENNAN School of Biological and Chemical Sciences UK Caroline Queen Mary University of London Translational Imaging Center FRASER University of Southern California USA Scott E. Los Angeles Centre for Mind/Brain Sciences VALLORTIGARA University of Trento ITALY Giorgio Rovereto

1 Nationality is indicated in brackets if different from the country of the laboratory.

RESEARCH GRANT PROGRAM — 57 Dynamic rearrangement of protein interactions within macromolecular complexes in vivo

BROWN Dept. of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience UK Nicholas H. University of Cambridge

GIANNONE Interdisciplinary Institute for NeuroScience FRANCE Grégory CNRS, University of Bordeaux

Novel method for high-resolution imaging of single biological molecules

CHAPMAN Center for Free-Electron Laser Science GERMANY Henry DESY, University of Hamburg (UK)

FORSYTH Macromolecular Structure Group UK Trevor EPSAM/ISTM, Keele University

Electrical and Computer Engineering MILLANE University of Canterbury NEW ZEALAND Rick Christchurch

SEEMAN Dept. of Chemistry USA Nadrian New York University

Rebuilding and reimagining the last common ancestor, a ribo-organism

ELLINGTON The Ellington Lab, Dept. of Chemistry and Biochemistry USA Andrew The University of Texas at Austin

JEWETT Dept. of Chemical and Biological Engineering Michael USA Northwestern University, Evanston Christopher

Xenobiology Team MARLIERE Institute of Systems and Synthetic Biology FRANCE Philippe Genopole Evry

Dept. of Chemistry SUGA Graduate School of Science JAPAN Hiroaki The University of Tokyo

Extracellular vesicles and their role in breast cancer bone metastasis

FISCHBACH- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering USA TESCHL Cornell University (GERMANY) Claudia Ithaca

Dept of Structural Biology ADDADI Weizmann Institute of Science ISRAEL Lia Rehovot

Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering ESTROFF Cornell University USA Lara A. Ithaca

Dept. of Biomaterials FRATZL GERMANY MPI of Colloids and Interfaces Peter (AUSTRIA) Potsdam

58 — CHAPTER 2 ‘Forcing’ changes in the adult stem cell transcriptome

GILBERT Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering CANADA Penney University of Toronto (USA)

BETZ Institute of Cell Biology GERMANY Timo University of Münster

DARZACQ Dept. of Molecular and Cell Biology USA Xavier University of California Berkeley (FRANCE)

Revealing universal surface patterning mechanisms in plants and animals

GLOVER Dept. of Plant Sciences UK Beverley University of Cambridge

CROSBY Dept. of Polymer Science & Engineering USA Alfred University of Massachusetts Amherst

Lab. of Artificial & Natural Evolution MILINKOVITCH SWITZERLAND Dept of Genetics & Evolution Michel (BELGIUM) University of Geneva

Defining the capacity of cells to keep the proteome folded over space and time

HATTERS Dept. of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology AUSTRALIA Danny The University of Melbourne, Parkville

DICKSON Dept. of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology USA Alex Michigan State University, East Lansing (CANADA)

EBBINGHAUS Dept. of Chemistry, Institute for Physical Chemistry II GERMANY Simon Ruhr-University Bochum

NICHOLAS School of Life and Environmental Sciences AUSTRALIA Hannah University of Sydney

The mechanobiology of obesity

HONORÉ Institute of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology FRANCE Eric CNRS, Valbonne

DISCHER Biophysical Engineering Lab. USA Dennis E. University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia

GRASHOFF Molecular Mechanotransduction Group GERMANY Carsten MPI of Biochemistr, Martinsried

State Key Lab. of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology XU Dept. of Pharmacology and Pharmacy CHINA Aimin The University of Hong Kong

RESEARCH GRANT PROGRAM — 59 The physical basis of autophagosome biogenesis

HURLEY Dept. of Molecular & Cell Biology USA James H. University of California Berkeley

Dept. of Theoretical Biophysics HUMMER GERMANY MPI of Biophysics Gerhard (AUSTRIA) Frankfurt am Main

MARTENS Max F Perutz Laboratories AUSTRIA Sascha University of Vienna (GERMANY)

Dept. of Genetics YOSHIMORI Graduate School of Medicine JAPAN Tamotsu Osaka University, Suita

Robotics-inspired biology: decoding flexibility of motor control by studying amphibious locomotion

SWITZERLAND IJSPEERT Biorobotics Lab., Interfaculty Institute of Bioengineering (THE Auke Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne NETHERLANDS)

ISHIGURO Research Institute of Electrical Communication JAPAN Akio Tohoku University, Sendai

STANDEN Dept. of Biology CANADA Emily University of Ottawa

Photochemical trap and high-resolution imaging of transient chromatin complexes from living cells

Dept. of Chemical and Physical Biology LLORCA Center for Biological Research (CIB) SPAIN Oscar Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid

NEUMANN Applied Synthetic Biology Group GERMANY Heinz MPI for Molecular Physiology, Dortmund

SKEHEL Cell Biology Division UK Mark MRC Lab. of Molecular Biology, Cambridge

Elucidating the molecular logic of membrane-free compartment function and assembly

MICHNICK Dept. of Biochemistry, University of Montreal CANADA Stephen W.

ALBERTI Alberti Lab. GERMANY Simon MPI of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden

Dept. of Biomedical Engineering and PAPPU Center for Biological Systems Engineering USA Rohit V. Washington University in St.Louis

60 — CHAPTER 2 3D genome organization and transcription regulation in hippocampal circuits

RUAN Genomic Medicine, The Jackson Laboratory USA Yijun University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington

Institute of Neurosciences BARCO Miguel Hernández University SPAIN Angel Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) San Juan De Alicante

WILCZYNSKI Lab. of Molecular and Systemic Neuromorphology POLAND Grzegorz Nencki Institute, Warsaw

Generating and understanding de novo enzyme functionalities using ancestral proteins as scaffolds

Dept. of Physical Chemistry SANCHEZ RUIZ Faculty of Sciences SPAIN Jose Manuel University of Granada

GAUCHER School of Biology USA Eric Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta

KAMERLIN Dept. of Cell and Molecular Biology SWEDEN Shina Caroline Lynn Uppsala University (UK)

SEELIG Dept. of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology & Biophysics USA Burckhard BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, St. Paul (GERMANY)

A PURE-ly synthetic ribosome biogenesis in DNA compartments on a chip

SHIMIZU Lab. for Cell-Free Protein Synthesis JAPAN Yoshihiro RIKEN Quantitative Biology Center (QBiC), Suita

Dept. of Materials & Interfaces BAR-ZIV Faculty of Chemistry ISRAEL Roy Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot

Collective behaviour and information transmission in heterogeneous societies

THORNTON Centre for Ecology and Conservation UK Alex University of Exeter, Penryn

OUELLETTE Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering USA Nicholas Stanford University

VAUGHAN School of Computing Science CANADA Richard Simon Fraser University, Burnaby

RESEARCH GRANT PROGRAM — 61 Phenotypic transitions in cooperative societies: an evolutionary and molecular approach

TUNG Dept. of Evolutionary Anthropology USA Jenny Duke University, Durham

Dept. of Pediatrics BARREIRO CANADA CHU Sainte Justine Research Center Luis (PORTUGAL) University of Montreal

CLUTTON-BROCK Large Animal Research Group, Dept.of Zoology UK Tim University of Cambridge

MUKHERJEE Dept. of Statistical Science, Mathematics and Computer Science USA Sayan Duke University, Durham

How to make a heart beat? Basic principles for novelties and parallel innovations in cephalopods

Marine Biological Science Section, Education and Research Center for Bio- YOSHIDA logical Resources, Faculty of Life and Environmental Science JAPAN Masa-Aki Shimane University

DEBREGEAS LJP - Jean Perrin Lab. FRANCE Georges UPMC - University Pierre and Marie Curie, CNRS Paris

EDSINGER Josephine Bay Paul Center, Sogin Lab. USA Eric Marine Biological Lab., Woods Hole

Dept. of Neuroscience MOROZ The Whitney Lab. for Marine Bioscience & College of Medicine USA Leonid University of Florida, St. Augustine & Gainesville

YOUNG INVESTIGATORS GRANTS

The molecular circadian clock as a causal mediator of sleep-regulated neurophysiology and cognition

Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences HAVEKES THE Faculty of Science and Engineering Robbert NETHERLANDS University of Groningen

ATON Dept. of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology USA Sara University of Michigan, Ann Arbor

KIM Dept. of Mathematical Sciences KOREA Jae Kyoung Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon

ZURBRIGGEN Institute of Synthetic Biology GERMANY Matias University of Düsseldorf (ARGENTINA)

62 — CHAPTER 2 Integrative single-cell analysis of prefrontal output neurons in goal-driven behavior

KIM Dept. of Biophysics and Chemical Biology KOREA Sung-Yon Seoul National University

AMIT Dept. of Immunology ISRAEL Ido Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot

YIZHAR Dept. of Neurobiology ISRAEL Ofer Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot

Mechanical regulated gene expression during T-cell activation

EMBL Node in Single Molecule Science School of Medical Sciences AUSTRALIA KLOTZSCH Australian Centre for Nanomedicine and ARC Centre of Excellence in Ad- (GERMANY) Enrico vanced Molecular Imaging University of New South Wales, Kensington

RIES Dept. of Cell Biology and Biophysics / Cellular Nanoscopy GERMANY Jonas EMBL Heidelberg

Fully synthetic self-regulated cytoskeleton

Center for Research in Chemical Biology and MONTENEGRO Molecular Materials SPAIN Javier University of Santiago de Compostela

DEVARAJ Dept. of Chemistry and Biochemistry USA Neal University of California San Diego, La Jolla

TAKEUCHI Institute for Chemical Research JAPAN Toshihide Osaka University, Suita

Building a theory of shifting representations in the mammalian brain

O’LEARY Dept. of Engineering UK Timothy University of Cambridge

HARVEY Dept. of Neurobiology USA Christopher Harvard Medical School, Boston

ZIV Dept. of Neurobiology ISRAEL Yaniv Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot

RESEARCH GRANT PROGRAM — 63 Do seabirds use infrasound to navigate the vast ocean?

Seabird Ecology Group, Marine Biology PATRICK School of Environmental Sciences UK Samantha University of Liverpool

ASSINK R&D Dept. of Seismology and Acoustics NETHERLANDS Jelle Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute - KNMI, De Bilt

BASILLE Fort Lauderdale Research and Education Center USA Mathieu University of Florida, Fort Lauderdale (FRANCE)

CLUSELLA-TRULLAS Dept. of Botany and Zoology SOUTH AFRICA Susana Stellenbosch University (SPAIN)

Midichloria mitochondrii, unique intramitochondrial bacterium and novel tool to explore mitochondria

SASSERA Dept. of Biology and Biotechnology ITALY Davide University of Pavia

JEX Population Health and Immunity Division AUSTRALIA Aaron The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville

RIEMER Institute for Biochemistry GERMANY Jan University of Cologne

STAVRU Bacteria-Cell Interactions Lab. FRANCE Fabrizia Pasteur Institute – CNRS, Paris (ITALY)

Regulation of photosynthetic light harvesting: how does protein conformation control photophysics?

SCHLAU-COHEN Dept. of Chemistry USA Gabriela Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge

ISHIZAKI Institute for Molecular Science JAPAN Akihito National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki

JOHNSON Dept. of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology UK Matthew University of Sheffield

CHRomatin dynamics and nuclear METabolism: an intimate interplay uncovered by non-linear optics

STRINGARI Lab. for Optics and Biosciences FRANCE Chiara Ecole Polytechnique - CNRS, Palaiseau (ITALY)

Dept. of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology AGUILAR ARNAL MEXICO Institute of Biomedical Sciences Lorena (SPAIN) UNAM - National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City

64 — CHAPTER 2 2.3.2 Research Grants awarded in March 2018 (to be initiated in FY 2018)

PROGRAM GRANTS

Controlling cellular biochemistry with electronic signals – a step towards bioelectronic hybrids

Dept. of Cell & Molecular Biology ALEXANDROV Institute for Molecular Bioscience and AUSTRALIA Kirill Australian Institute of Bioengineering & Nanotechnology The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane

KATZ Dept. of Chemistry & Biomolecular Science USA Evgeny Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY

O’ SULLIVAN Dept. of Chemical Engineering SPAIN Ciara Universitat Rovira i Virgili, ICREA, Tarragona (IRELAND)

Integrating mechanotransduction in development: how does cell shape dictate chromatin remodeling?

CHABOUTE Institut De Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes FRANCE Marie-Edith CNRS UPR 2357, Strasbourg

ASNACIOS Matière et Systèmes Complexes FRANCE Atef UMR 7057 CNRS, Université Paris-Diderot

JÖNSSON Sainsbury Lab UK Henrik University of Cambridge (SWEDEN)

TAMURA Dept. of Botany JAPAN Kentaro Kyoto University

Protein nanocages as single molecular reactors to understand biocatalysis in crowded environments

DE PABLO Física de la Materia Condensada C-III SPAIN Pedro J. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid

Dept. of Chemistry DOUGLAS Indiana University USA Trevor Bloomington

VICKERS Australian Institute for Bioengineering & Nanotechnology AUSTRALIA Claudia The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane

RESEARCH GRANT PROGRAM — 65 Probing persistence paradigms: synthetically, immunologically and ecologically

DREXLER Institute of Virology GERMANY Jan Felix Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin

DUPREX National Emerging Infectious Diseases Labs USA W Paul Boston University (UK)

STREICKER MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research UK Daniel University of Glasgow (USA)

Handling OXPHOS structural heterogeneity and metabolic plasticity

Myocardial Pathophysiology Area ENRÍQUEZ Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos SPAIN José Antonio III-CNIC, Madrid

Dept. of Biology BUSCH Institute of Molecular Cell Biology GERMANY Karin The Westfalian Wilhelms University of Muenster

EBERWINE Systems Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics USA James University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia

MERCADER Institute of Anatomy SWITZERLAND Nadia University of Bern

Sleep, the clock, and the brain: a neuromathematical approach

FORGER Dept. of Mathematics USA Daniel University of Michigan, Ann Arbor

BROWN Chronobiology and Sleep Research Group SWITZERLAND Steven A. Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich (USA)

UEDA Dept. of Systems Pharmacology JAPAN Hiroki R. Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo

Quantitative dissection of molecular determinants of enhancer function

GOMPEL Dept. of Evolutionary Ecology GERMANY Nicolas Ludwig Maximilian University München, Martinsried (FRANCE)

PREIBISCH Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology GERMANY Stephan Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin

Depts. of Biological Sciences, Chemistry, ROHS USA Physics and Computer Science Remo (GERMANY) University of Southern California, Los Angeles

66 — CHAPTER 2 From molecular stochasticity to robust cell divisions

HAMANT Reproduction et Développement des Plantes FRANCE Olivier Ecole Normale Supérieure, Lyon

DUMAIS Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias CHILE Jacques Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Viña del Mar (CANADA)

MJOLSNESS Dept. of Computer Science USA Eric University of California - Irvine

Dept. of Developmental Biology SCHNITTGER University of Hamburg GERMANY Arp Biozentrum Klein Flottbek, Hamburg

New letters to the DNA alphabet

Environmental Microbial Genomics group HANSEN Dept. of Environmental Science DENMARK Lars Hestbjerg Aarhus University, Roskilde

DE CRECY-LAGARD Dept. of Microbiology and Cell Science USA Valerie University of Florida, Gainesville

MOINEAU Dept. of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Bioinformatics CANADA Sylvain Laval University, Quebec

The architecture of the postsynaptic density

HOELZ Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering USA André California Institute of Technology, Pasadena (GERMANY)

CLARIDGE-CHANG Dept. of Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders SINGAPORE Adam Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore (AUSTRALIA)

COPLEY Biologie du Développement de Villefranche-sur-mer FRANCE Richard UMR 7009 CNRS UPMC, Villefranche-sur-Mer

ROBINSON Structural Biology Lab JAPAN Robert Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University (UK)

Can evolution minimize spurious signaling crosstalk to reach optimal performance?

LANDRY Dept. of Biology CANADA Christian IBIS, Laval University, Quebec

TKACIK Dept. of Theoretical Biophysics and AUSTRIA Gasper Computational Neuroscience, IST Austria, Klosterneuburg (SLOVENIA)

VILLEN Dept. of Genome Sciences USA Judit University of Washington, Seattle (SPAIN)

RESEARCH GRANT PROGRAM — 67 Dynamics of collective cell migration on curved surfaces

LIM Biomedical Engineering / MechanoBioEngineering Lab. SINGAPORE Chwee Teck National University of Singapore

DELACOUR Dept. of Cell Adhesion and Mechanics FRANCE Delphine Institut Jacques Monod - CNRS UMR 7592, Université Paris Diderot

KIM Dept. of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle USA Deok-Ho

PROST Physical Chemistry, Curie Institute – UMR 168, Paris FRANCE Jacques

Fusion of evidence and expectation: untangling stimulus and prior information in the visual cortex

ORBAN Computational System Neuroscience Lab HUNGARY Gergo MTA Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Budapest

Dept. of Neurology GOLSHANI David Geffen School of Medicine USA Peyman University of California - Los Angeles

LENGYEL Computational and Biological Learning Lab UK Mate Dept. of Engineering, University of Cambridge (HUNGARY)

Dept. of Neurophysiology SINGER Max Planck Institute for Brain Research GERMANY Wolf Ernst Strüngmann Institute for Neuroscience Frankfurt am Main

Structure and biophysics of disordered domains mediating RNP granules: from atoms to cells

PAREKH Dept. of Molecular Spectroscopy GERMANY Sapun Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Mainz (USA)

FAWZI Dept. of Molecular Pharmacology, USA Nicolas Physiology and Biotechnology, Brown University, Providence

Integrated view of photosynthetic control in algae in response to light- and metabolic-signals

Cell & Plant Physiology Lab PETROUTSOS FRANCE Institute of Biosciences and Biotechnologies Dimitris CEA Grenoble - CNRS (GREECE)

GROSSMAN Dept. of Plant Biology USA Arthur R. Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford University

HE Dept. of Chemistry, USA Chuan The University of Chicago (CHINA)

NIKOLOSKI Systems Biology and Mathematical Modeling GERMANY Zoran Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam

68 — CHAPTER 2 Nanoscale heat transfer phenomena: new paradigm for intra- and intercellular signalling and shaping

PLAKHOTNIK School of Mathematics and Physics AUSTRALIA Taras The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane

LANE Epithelial Biology Lab SINGAPORE Ellen Birgitte Institute of Medical Biology, Singapore (UK)

SUZUKI Comprehensive Research Organization JAPAN Madoka Waseda University, Tokyo

Cytotechnology Lab ZEEB Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics RUSSIA Vadim Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow region

Coupling of cell polarization and differentiation in organoids

RIVELINE Dept. of Cell Physics FRANCE Daniel IGBMC, Strasbourg University, Illkirch

GRAPIN-BOTTON Center for Stem Cell Biology (DanStem) DENMARK Anne University of Copenhagen (FRANCE)

HONIGMANN Dept. of Bio-Membrane Organization and Function GERMANY Oscar Alf Max Planck Institute for Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden

SANO Dept. of Physics JAPAN Masaki The University of Tokyo

Muscle building: dissecting tension-driven myofibrillogenesis in vitro, in vivo and in silico

Muscle Dynamics SCHNORRER FRANCE Institute of Developmental Biology Marseille (IBDM), Frank (GERMANY) Aix-Marseille Université

Biological Algorithms Group FRIEDRICH CFAED - Center For Advancing Electronics Dresden GERMANY Benjamin M. Technical University Dresden

POURQUIE Dept. of Pathology, Dept. of Genetics USA Olivier Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School Boston (FRANCE)

Evolutionary mechanics of adhesion complexes

Dept. of Chemistry and Biochemistry SOTOMAYOR USA The Ohio State University Marcos (CHILE) Columbus

LYNCH Dept. of Human Genetics USA Vincent The University of Chicago

Force Microscopy Group RICO FRANCE Adhesion Inflammation Lab (LAI) Felix (SPAIN) Aix-Marseille University

RESEARCH GRANT PROGRAM — 69 Mechanisms of chromatin reprogramming to totipotency

TACHIBANA- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology (IMBA) KONWALSKI AUSTRIA Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna Kikue

MIRNY Institute for Medical Engineering & Science and Physics USA Leonid Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge

PETERS Mitosis and Chromosome Biology Lab AUSTRIA Jan-Michael Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna (GERMANY)

SAITOU Dept. of Anatomy and Cell Biology JAPAN Mitinori Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University

Defying the reproduction-maintenance trade-off: Role of diet in long-lived termite reproductives

VASSEUR COGNET Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences FRANCE Mireille CNRS 7618, UPEC 7618, IRD 242, INRA 1392, Paris - Créteil

BORNBERG-BAUER Div. of Bioinformatics, School of Biological Sciences GERMANY Erich The Westfalian Wilhelms University of Muenster (AUSTRIA)

Dept. of Microbiology DE BEER Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI) SOUTH AFRICA Z. Wilhelm University of Pretoria

SUL Dept. of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology USA Hei Sook University of California - Berkeley

Disentangling trophic and sexual transmission dynamics in a ubiquitous parasite

VYAS School of Biological Sciences SINGAPORE Ajai Nanyang Technological University, Singapore (INDIA)

Dept of Pathobiology, Infectious Disease and Public Health O’HANDLEY School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences AUSTRALIA Ryan The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy

How cerebrospinal fluid physico-chemical properties impact body axis formation and scoliosis

Spinal Sensory Signaling lab WYART Brain and Spine Institute (ICM) FRANCE Claire Inserm U975, UMR UPMC CNRS 7225, Paris

GALLAIRE Lab of Fluid Mechanics and Instabilities (LFMI) SWITZERLAND Francois Ecole Polytechnique Federale Lausanne (EPFL) (FRANCE)

LEHTINEN Dept. of Pathology USA Maria Boston Children’s Hospital

70 — CHAPTER 2 YOUNG INVESTIGATORS GRANT

Detecting inequity in dendritic cells through bio-inspired synthetic T cells

Programmable Biomaterials Lab SWITZERLAND BASTINGS Institute of Materials (THE Maartje Ecole Polytechnique Federale Lausanne (EPFL) NETHERLANDS)

Dept. of Physics JUNGMANN Ludwig Maximilian University München GERMANY Ralf Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried

PARISH Cancer Immunology Program AUSTRALIA Ian Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne

Evolutionary puzzles: Do microbes in the Atacama Desert harvest UV as an energy source?

FREEDMAN Dept. of Bioengineering USA Kevin University of California-Riverside

AZUA-BUSTOS Dept. of Planetology and Habitability SPAIN Armando Centro de Astrobiología, CSIC-INTA, Madrid (CHILE)

Tracing AID/APOBEC- and MSI-mediated hyper-mutagenesis in the clonal evolution of gastric cancer

Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering JU and Lab. of Cancer Genomics KOREA Young Seok Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon

KOO Institute of Molecular Biotechnology (IMBA) AUSTRIA Bon-Kyoung Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna (KOREA)

SNIPPERT Dept. of Molecular Cancer Research THE Hugo University Medical Center Utrecht NETHERLANDS

Behavior-dependent optimization of the brain’s metrics for space and time

KITAMURA Dept. of Psychiatry USA Takashi University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (JAPAN)

ITO Memory and Navigation Circuits Group GERMANY Hiroshi Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, Frankfurt am Main (JAPAN)

KROPFF Neural Plasticity Lab ARGENTINA Emilio Fundacion Instituto Leloir - IIBBA, CONICET, Buenos Aires

RESEARCH GRANT PROGRAM — 71 Molecular control of cortical homeostasis and cell polarization

MURRELL Dept. of Biomedical Engineering USA Michael Yale University / Systems Biology Institute, West Haven

Dept. of Physics and Astronomy BANERJEE UK Institute for the Physics of Living Systems Shiladitya (INDIA) University College London

DIZ-MUÑOZ Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit GERMANY Alba European Molecular Biology Lab (EMBL), Heidelberg (SPAIN)

Remembering the future: Interactions between sensation, memory, and behavior

SALEEM Dept. of Experimental Psychology UK Aman University College London

BERMAN Dept. of Biology USA Gordon Emory University, Atlanta

MACKE Centre for Cognitive Science and GERMANY Jakob Institute for Psychology, Technical University Darmstadt

Visual circuit adaptations to natural environments and behaviors in zebrafish and cichlids

THIELE Dept. of Biological Sciences CANADA Tod University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto

Systems Neurobiology Group ARRENBERG Institute for Neurobiology GERMANY Aristides Werner Reichardt Centre for Integrative Neuroscience University of Tuebingen

COOPER Dept. of Psychological and Brain Sciences USA Emily Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH

JUNTTI Dept. of Biology USA Scott University of Maryland, College Park

Active morphological colloids for probing and tailoring intracellular antigen processing

VAN DEN Dept. of Tumor Immunology THE BOGAART Radboud University Medical Center NETHERLANDS Geert Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen

SACANNA Dept. of Chemistry USA Stefano New York University

Simons Centre for the Study of Living Machines THUTUPALLI National Centre for Biological Sciences (NCBS) INDIA Shashi Tata Institute for Fundamental Research, Bangalore

72 — CHAPTER 2 2.4 EXAMPLES OF YOUNG INVESTIGATOR FRONTIER RESEARCH GRANTS INITIATED IN FY 2017

Building a theory When we navigate and make changes over time so that different decisions in familiar environments neurons represent specific features of shifting we rely on an internal, mental map of a familiar environment after of the features and general shape several days. We do not have a representations of the environment. Remarkably, theory to explain how the brain can work over the last four decades build and use such a continually in the mammalian has revealed how different changing mental map, nor do locations in space and different we know why the map changes, navigational plans are represented or what purpose this continual brain – as patterns of activity in thousands change might serve. In this project of neurons in the brains of rodents. we will build and experimentally Timothy O’LEARY, It stands to reason that this ‘neural test new theories and models representation’ of an environment of how the brain represents Christopher HARVEY should remain stable as long as environments, potentially changing an animal is using it, to allow our understanding of how the brain and Yaniv ZIV the animal to reliably navigate. works. However, we found that the neural activity that makes up this map

RESEARCH GRANT PROGRAM — 73 Do seabirds use infrasound to navigate the vast ocean?

– Samantha PATRICK, Jelle ASSINK, Mathieu BASILLE and Susana CLUSELLA-TRULLAS

Seabirds have the longest individual seabirds could use in assess determinants of large-scale migrations on earth and can travel movement decisions over spatial movement, notably the effect of 8 million km in a lifetime, yet how scales. By combining a network infrasound in directing migration they navigate across a seemingly of 60 international atmospheric and commuting trips in the featureless ocean is still one of infrasound and hydro-acoustic open ocean. Furthermore, novel the greatest puzzles in nature. monitoring stations that detect biologging devices, which can Evidence from mammalian and signals from around the globe with detect sound and meteorological insect systems shows that animals a database of over 15,000 seabird parameters, will be used to adjust their behavior in response movement tracks, we will have simultaneously capture movement, to infrasound and a handful of a unique opportunity to explore infrasound and weather conditions studies have suggested pigeons the role of atmospheric and to examine individual movement may use infrasound for navigation. oceanic infrasound in navigation, decisions at fine scale. Finally, These low frequency sound waves respectively for aerial and aquatic interspecific comparisons will can propagate over hundreds of species. The mechanisms allowing assess the relative importance of kilometers, creating ‘hills’ and animals to detect low frequency infrasound for seabird navigation, ‘valleys’ of an infrasoundscape sound has been identified in with respect to phenotypical and that birds may use to navigate, other taxa, and our study will phylogenetic differences, thus like a topological map. When examine how seabird sensory offering a complete assessment combined with meteorological organs may capture infrasound. of the physiology, behavior and and oceanographic models, The development of an innovative physics underpinning the use of these maps can be modeled to movement framework grounded in infrasound in navigation. create real time soundscapes that landscape ecology will allow us to

74 — CHAPTER 2 CHRomatin dynamics and nuclear METabolism: an intimate interplay uncovered by non-linear optics

– Chiara STRINGARI and Lorena AGUILAR ARNAL

How environment shapes cellular which assists the establishment characterize them by analyzing responses is an important of a specific pattern of gene their local bindings to key field in epigenetic research, expression in the differentiated epigenetic remodelers using very much owing to the role of cell. These events are hallmark them as a cofactor. We will also certain epigenetic modifiers as of cellular differentiation, yet the investigate the role of nuclear metabolic sensors. Metabolic molecular links between them redox metabolism in the relocation signaling to chromatin is linked are poorly understood. Within of developmentally regulated to local concentrations of small the CHROMET project, we aim genes within the nucleus, which metabolites which modulate the to understand the connections takes place during lineage function of enzymes using them between metabolic and epigenetic commitment. The CHROMET as a cofactor, some of these have reprogramming during stem cell project is established through important regulatory roles in differentiation in single living cells. the collaboration between a defining transcriptional responses. We propose to develop dedicated multidisciplinary team including During stem cell activation optical techniques based on Lorena Aguilar Arnal, with strong and lineage commitment, a Fluorescence Lifetime Microscopy expertise in molecular and cellular metabolic switch occurs from to track the endogenous redox biology focused on epigenetic anaerobic glycolysis to oxidative metabolites NADH and FAD, research, and Chiara Stringari, metabolism as a source of energy. creating maps of their local who is developing new methods These transitions are known binding within the differentiating for non-invasive imaging of as metabolic reprogramming, cells. We will identify subnuclear endogenous metabolites in living and are paralleled by a major microenvironments enclosing cells and tissues. epigenome reorganization these metabolites, and functionally

RESEARCH GRANT PROGRAM — 75 Chapter 3 The

52

Science 54

57 of HFSPO 73 52

54

57 73

3.1 Science, Communication & IT highlights 78 in FY 2017 3.2 HFSPO branded meetings in FY 2017 79 3.3 Global Life Sciences Data Resources 82 Coalition: strategy and implementation plan 3.4 The 2018 HFSP Nakasone Award 84 3.5 Frontier science 86 3.6 Great minds at work 89 3.7 Honours and prizes 90 3.8 IT infrastructure, data security and website 94 3.1 SCIENCE, COMMUNICATION & IT HIGHLIGHTS IN FY 2017

The 2017 HFSP Awardees Meeting took place at the Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown in Lisbon, Portugal. Highlights of the meeting included the HFSP Nakasone Lecture by David Julius and a special workshop on research training at the interface of life sciences and physics.

HFSPO organized a meeting to publicize the Organizations mission, opportunities for funding and research accomplishments by HFSP awardees at the 19th IUPAB Congress and 11th EBSA Congress in Edinburgh.

HFSPO continued a leading role in steering an international initiative Right to left: to prepare for the launch of a global coalition to support core data Guntram BAUER, resources in the life sciences. Two more meetings were held in London, Rosalyn HUIE (Communications) in June 2017 in collaboration with the Wellcome Trust and again in May and Xavier SCHNEIDER 2018 to prepare an implementation plan. (IT manager and webmaster) A fraudulent ‘HFSP Journal’ appeared again, requiring the publication of a news alert on the HFSP website to prevent scientists from falling for its fake and predatory mission.

An in-house workshop was organized to analyze the content and structure of the current HFSP website in order to specify the functional requirements for its redevelopment.

HFSPO prepares to implement the requirements for the EU-wide regulation on data privacy. An information event was organized for the Secretariat and a compliance audit will take place in May 2018 to establish a road map for implementing new protective measures.

Breakthrough discoveries from HFSP funded research provided innovative applications in the context of metabolic biosensors, controlling neuronal cells that trigger obesity, and the design of non- immune cells that detect cancer cells (see details in section 3.5).

78 — CHAPTER 3 3.2 HFSPO BRANDED MEETINGS IN FY 2017

During the reporting period, HFSPO has organized several meetings to publicize the Organization’s vision and programs. These meetings were complemented by individual talks by the Secretary General and scientific directors in different countries during FY 2017.

The joint 19th IUPAB Congress and 11th EBSA Congress

In July, we were present at the 19th IUPAB Congress and 11th EBSA Congress at the Edinburgh International Conference Centre, UK. The organizers, among them former Grant Review Committee member Antony Watts (University of Oxford), accepted our proposal for a session which included presentations from HFSP awardees from the region (http://www. iupab2017.org/Workshops). The session was chaired by HFSP grantee Valentina Emiliani (Neurophotonics Laboratory, Paris Descartes University) and talks were presented by Andrew Turberfield (Department of Physics, University of Oxford), Teuta Pilizota (School of Biology, University of Edinburgh), Malte Gather (School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St. Andrews) and Rosalind Allen (School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh).

THE SCIENCE OF HFSPO — 79 The 17th HFSP Awardees Meeting in Lisbon

The 17th HFSP Awardees Meeting took place from 9 - 12 July 2017 at the “Fantastic meeting in general, as Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown in Lisbon, Portugal. The meeting was the Singapore meeting. As for was preceded by a special workshop on “The Physics of Living Matter for the next meeting - more talks like Tomorrow”, which aimed to bring physics and biology together by focusing David Julius'. I like the idea for the on research and training for physics in the life sciences and physical symposium on physics in the life approaches in biology. sciences. Keeping an emphasis on this sort of thing is important I The Awardees Meeting was attended by over 200 participants and think, especially with integrating awardees presented 29 talks and 33 three-minute ‘poster teaser’ talks the CDF into biological sciences. which preceded the poster sessions. A total of 103 posters were on The emphasis on risky, high-quality, display over the three-day meeting. We are grateful to the Champalimaud curiosity driven science in HFSP Foundation for their welcome and assistance. is what makes it so great. If this is maintained then I don't think it's The 2018 HFSP Nakasone Award winner David Julius gave a lecture possible to go wrong.” about “Natural products as probes of the pain pathway: from physiology to atomic structure”. Further invited talks were contributed by Princeton An HFSP Cross-Disciplinary Fellow University based William Bialek (“Thinking about a thousand neurons”) and (source: Awardees Meeting survey) his fellow colleague and Nobel Laureate Eric Wieschaus (“From changes in cell shape to global tissue flows: a mechanical approach”). The final lecture provided firsthand insights into the legal aspects of science from the Honorable Dr. Annabelle Bennett AO SC, Bond University, Australia, who talked about “Patents, litigation and inventors – changing times for “I will be sad to miss HFSP annual scientists?” meetings, this was my last year as Young Investigator Grantee. The meetings were always a venue where I got to meet incredibly diverse minds with a very tangential view of the world. I leave much enriched with this experience. Thank you so very much to everyone at HFSP for giving me this opportunity.”

An HFSP Young Investigator grantee (source: Awardees Meeting survey)

Karsten KRUSE who jointly organised the The Physics of Living Matter for Tomorrow Meeting with Daniel RIVELINE

80 — CHAPTER 3 Nobel Laureate Eric WIESCHAUS listens to William BIALEK presenting his part of a joint talk at the Physics of Living Matter for Tomorrow workshop

The Physics of Living Matter for Tomorrow

The one day international workshop on “The Physics of Living Matter for Tomorrow” was held in association with the 17th HFSP Awardees Meeting at the Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown in Lisbon, Portugal. The workshop was evenly split to allow ample time for presentations followed by open discussion. The open sessions focused on two agenda items: “Research and training programs for physics in the life sciences” and “Physical approaches in biological research”.

Daniel RIVELINE A special lecture was given by two Princeton University scientists: Nobel laureate Eric Wieschaus and William Bialek who presented a joint talk on “Physics meets biology in the fly embryo – an adventure story”. A full meeting report was recently published in the journal Cell Reports, which is freely available at (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cels.2018.04.003).

Following the decision at the 2017 AGM we have signed a contractual agreement with a professional congress organizer, MCI France, who will support our Awardees Meetings in 2018 and 2019.

THE SCIENCE OF HFSPO — 81 3.3 GLOBAL LIFE SCIENCES DATA RESOURCES COALITION: STRATEGY AND IMPLEMENTATION PLAN

In November 2016, the International Human Frontier Science Program Organization (HFSPO) together with the European Bioinformatics Institute (EBI) and the ELIXIR network, organized an international workshop in Strasbourg to discuss the sustainability of the data resources on which life science research crucially depends. The report of this meeting’s discussion is freely available through bioRxiv (doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/110825). Participants decided to form an international coalition to develop support for core data resources in the life sciences which currently depend mainly on a fragmented system of short term funding. By harnessing global expertise, the aim is to establish a more sustainable and accessible data infrastructure that will benefit scientists worldwide. The group met again at the Wellcome Trust in London (5 – 6 June 2017) to develop an implementation plan. Issues discussed were indicators for determining which data resources should be eligible for international support, models to manage free access and the funding required. Forward planning will also mean compiling a set of metrics to estimate the impact, costs and benefits of each resource, including the consequences of curtailing support. The report of the second meeting is available at http://www.hfsp.org/frontier-science/data-resources-life-sciences-london.

It was decided to continue this discussion with the aim to finalize the implementation plan in a third workshop at Kings College London (7 - 8 May 2018). The key criteria for a global approach to sustaining key data resources can be summarized as follows:

82 — CHAPTER 3 Life sciences research has generated many large public-access data resources whose use is ubiquitous in biology, biotech, and pharma. They are essential for public and private research by scientists everywhere in the world. Public-access life sciences data resources have significant scientific impact and multiply many-fold the research investments made by funders. In Europe, for example, the 16 ELIXIR Core Data Resources have been cited 23,000 times in total in scientific literature, and specific data accession numbers have been cited over 88,000 times; from 2010- 2015, over 30,000 newly issued patents referred to life sciences data repositories. These data resources are of ever-increasing importance as research becomes more data-driven and national funders mandate open access, but the growth in size and use of these resources now means that they are struggling. There is a risk of losing key resources, of having key resources retreat behind paywalls that will limit access (including to scientists in low and middle income countries), and of a loss of opportunity to build on the investments already made in these resources. Funding of these resources has arisen haphazardly over many years; they are now global resources, but are dependent on narrowly-based short- term funding. It is proposed in this Implementation Plan that a Coalition of the leaders of the world’s biomedical and life sciences research funders work together to ensure that the most essential data resources are funded in a sustainable way so that the future benefits to scientists, industry, and the broader community are preserved. Data resources should be supported on a priority basis. It is estimated that there are up to 100 life sciences data resources that should be considered critical (or ‘core’) at this time. Identification of these should be based on independent, rigorous review using agreed-upon criteria. We estimate that the current annual funding for these core data resources is approximately 500 M USD globally, comparable to other major international research infrastructures. In the initial phases, this Implementation Plan does not propose the large-scale international pooling of funds to support core data resources; rather, we believe that the status quo can be radically transformed by targeting inefficiencies, removing uncertainty, and widening participation at the global level. A governance structure for the Coalition is proposed in this Implementation Plan. Principles and processes for the identification and designation of core data resources as a long-term research infrastructure have been developed recently for Europe by ELIXIR. These could provide the Coalition with a starting point for a world-wide effort. Without an equitable, priority driven, international approach to ensure that Core Data Resources are sustained, many risk being lost or access- limited. Loss of, or limited access to, such data threatens realization of the full benefit from all research investments.

THE SCIENCE OF HFSPO — 83 3.4 THE 2018 HFSP NAKASONE AWARD

Svante Pääbo of the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig, Germany was awarded the 2018 HFSP Nakasone Award for his discovery of the extent to which hybridization with Neanderthals and Denisovans has shaped the evolution of modern humans, and his development of techniques for sequencing DNA from fossils.

Svante PÄÄBO of the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig, Germany

84 — CHAPTER 3 Svante Pääbo is the founder of molecular archeology which involves the recovery, sequencing and analysis of DNA sequences from ancient remains found by paleontologists and archaeologists. In 1985, while a student in Sweden, he showed that DNA can survive in Egyptian mummies. He continued to develop methods of increasing sophistication to determine DNA sequences from ancient remains. These techniques permitted Pääbo to recover mitochondrial DNA sequences from a Neanderthal bone in 1997. It was the first time that molecular genetics’ data were extracted from a fossil hominin. His meticulous analysis of this sample of DNA sequences showed that the Neanderthals did not contribute to the mitochondrial DNA of all contemporary human genes. On the contrary, the human and Neanderthal mitochondrial DNA only share a common ancestor from which we diverged more than 500,000 years ago. Although these results were sometimes interpreted wrongly as excluding any genetic contribution of Neanderthals to anatomically modern humans, Pääbo defended a balanced interpretation that places these results in the context of population genetics and variations between humans and contemporary apes.

In summary, Pääbo has systematically developed techniques to isolate and sequence DNA that is tens and hundreds of thousands of years old. This is not an easy task since ancient DNA is heavily degraded, modified by chemical processes, and present in a vast excess of microbial DNA. In addition, old samples often contain traces of modern DNA which can confuse the analysis.

Besides being the founder of the field of molecular paleontology, Pääbo is a leading researcher in the field of comparative genomics and history of human populations. Pääbo has pioneered the comparison between humans and apes to better understand the genetic history of humans. His studies showed that humans differ from apes in having low genetic variation in their nuclear genome, but carry a signal of a population expansion in their recent evolutionary past. Svante Pääbo is a pioneer in the functional genomics approach to human evolution by comparing genomes and gene expression in humans and great apes. In particular, he has studied genes that changed during recent human evolution, for example FOXP2, which is involved in language and speech.

THE SCIENCE OF HFSPO — 85 3.5 FRONTIER SCIENCE

The announcement of the HFSPO awards initiated a high number of press releases published by the research institutions that host our awardees and feedback via social media channels was immediate. All awards were published on our website and via corresponding press releases. It is rewarding to note that press releases published by host institutions about their scientists’ success in the 2017 competition remain frequent. They can be found at: http://www.hfsp.org/about-us/press-and-media-centre/news-items/2017- hfsp-awards-news

HFSP is all about funding frontier research on the complex mechanisms of living organisms. Our programs support projects at all levels of biological complexity from biomolecules to the interactions between organisms.

Key elements of HFSP’s mission are: Support for innovative, cutting edge research at the frontiers of the life sciences Encouragement of high risk research Promotion of international collaboration in the spirit of science without borders Support for financial and intellectual independence for early career researchers

Snapshots of links to Awardees’ articles on the HFSP Facebook page

86 — CHAPTER 3 Exemplary research projects based on these priorities that have produced very innovative results in 2017 are listed below:

Precision engineering of metabolite biosensors HFSP Young Investigator Grant holders Diego Oyarzún and Fuzhong Zhang showed that genetic tuning can shape biosensor function allowing for a precision engineering approach of gene circuits. At the heart of these circuits are proteins known as transcription factors, which behave as biosensors that control gene expression in response to changes in intracellular concentrations. In the new era of synthetic biology, biosensors are key components for reprogramming cells, but fine-tuning cell behavior is limited by our poor understanding of their tunability. The team used mathematical models to elucidate the interdependencies between the dose-response curves and genetic modifications. Combining model analysis and genetic engineering, they found two tuning options that allow for independent control of the dose-response parameters. http://www.hfsp.org/frontier-science/awardees-articles/precision- engineering-metabolite-biosensors

Elimination of specific neurons outside the brain triggers obesity A research team led by HFSP Young Investigator Grant holders Ana Domingos and Paul Cohen developed a new genetic technique that allows the elimination of specific neurons of the peripheral nervous system without affecting the brain. Using this novel technique in mice, the researchers were able to study the function of the neurons that innervate the adipose tissue, and saw that their elimination results in mice gaining weight very quickly. This technique opens new avenues for the study of many diseases related to the peripheral nervous system and to other cells outside the brain. http://www.hfsp.org/frontier-science/awardees-articles/elimination- specific-neurons-outside-brain-triggers-obesity

Engineering non-immune cells to detect and ablate cancer cells HFSP Long-Term Fellow Ryosuke Kojima developed designer non- immune cells that mimic T-cell functions without the risks associated with engineered immune cells. The designer cells might become useful for next- generation cell-based cancer therapy. This study also extends available design principles to create artificial cellular functions. Engineered immune cells that can sense specific cell contacts are useful for cancer therapy (for example, chimeric antigen receptor T-cells). However, the use of engineered immune cells involves risks of cytokine release syndromes. Further, engineered-immune-cell-based cancer therapies have so far only been successful for a limited range of cancers, due to the difficulty in controlling their migration properties. http://www.hfsp.org/frontier-science/awardees-articles/engineering-non- immune-cells-detect-and-ablate-cancer-cells

THE SCIENCE OF HFSPO — 87 Inspiration gone wrong We observed for a second time that scam artists used the HFSP name and logo as a facade to encourage paid submission of manuscripts to a fake namesake of the former HFSP Journal. A news item alert was published on our website and the HFSP Facebook page (see screen shot), which seemed to have had the desired effect. No more messages were brought to our attention. http://www.hfsp.org/about-us/press-and-media-centre/news-items/alert- fake-journal-fraudulent-use-hfsp-name

Snapshot of link to news item on the HFSP Facebook page

88 — CHAPTER 3 3.6 GREAT MINDS AT WORK

HFSP funds several hundreds of outstanding scientists each year, many of whom are recognized for their brilliant research and receive highly prestigious prizes and awards. We cannot but list the most highly honored in 2017 below:

NOBEL PRIZE IN PHYSIOLOGY OR MEDICINE Jeffrey HALL

BREAKTHROUGH PRIZE IN LIFE SCIENCES Harry NOLLER

LOUIS-JEANTET PRIZE FOR MEDICINE Silvia ARBER

LEIBNIZ PRIZE Karl-Peter HOPFNER Frank JÜLICHER

THE SCIENCE OF HFSPO — 89 3.7 HONOURS AND PRIZES

HFSP grantees awarded the Nobel Prize

Nobel Laureate HFSP Research Grant Nobel Prize

Christiane NÜSSLEIN-VOLHARD 1993 1995 (PHYSIOLOGY OR MEDICINE)

Rolf ZINKERNAGEL 1994 1996 (PHYSIOLOGY OR MEDICINE)

Stanley PRUSINER 1994 1997 (PHYSIOLOGY OR MEDICINE)

John WALKER 1996 1997 (CHEMISTRY)

Steven CHU 1993 1997 (PHYSICS)

Tim HUNT 1992/1997 2001 (PHYSIOLOGY OR MEDICINE)

Paul NURSE 1994 2001 (PHYSIOLOGY OR MEDICINE)

John SULSTON 1991 2002 (PHYSIOLOGY OR MEDICINE)

Peter AGRE 2000 2003 (CHEMISTRY)

Linda BUCK 1995 2004 (PHYSIOLOGY OR MEDICINE)

Avram HERSHKO 1998 2004 (CHEMISTRY)

Roger KORNBERG 1990/1993/1997/2000 2006 (CHEMISTRY)

Roger TSIEN 1995 2008 (CHEMISTRY)

Jack SZOSTAK 2001 2009 (PHYSIOLOGY OR MEDICINE)

Venkatraman RAMAKRISHNAN 2000/2009 2009 (CHEMISTRY)

Ada YONATH 2003 2009 (CHEMISTRY)

Jules HOFFMANN 1995 2011 (PHYSIOLOGY OR MEDICINE)

Ralph STEINMAN 1996/2006 2011 (PHYSIOLOGY OR MEDICINE)

James ROTHMAN 1990/1994/2005 2013 (PHYSIOLOGY OR MEDICINE)

Randy SCHEKMAN 1991/1995 2013 (PHYSIOLOGY OR MEDICINE)

Thomas SÜDHOF 1995 2013 (PHYSIOLOGY OR MEDICINE)

Martin KARPLUS 2005 2013 (CHEMISTRY)

Michael LEVITT 2008 2013 (CHEMISTRY)

John O’KEEFE 1994 2014 (PHYSIOLOGY OR MEDICINE)

Stefan HELL 2010 2014 (CHEMISTRY)

Aziz SANCAR 1992 2015 (CHEMISTRY)

Jeffrey C. HALL 1991/2000 2017 (PHYSIOLOGY OR MEDICINE)

90 — CHAPTER 3 The following section lists other recent 1 It should be noted that Research Grants were awarded up until 2001 awards and prizes to HFSP awardees when Program Grants and Young Investigator Grants were introduced. or alumni from 2017 or earlier that have The Short-Term Fellowship program was terminated in April 2010. come to our attention in FY 20171

Name Nationality Current affiliation HFSP award

AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY - Max Delbruck Prize in Biological Physics 2018

William BIALEK USA Princeton University, USA Program Grant 2010

BETTENCOURT SCHUELLER FOUNDATION - Prix Coups D’élan Pour La Recherche Française

Argentina, Centre de Biochimie Structurale, Long-Term Fellowship 2006, Marcelo NOLLMAN France, Spain Montpellier, France Career Development Award 2009

BREAKTHROUGH PRIZE FOUNDATION - Breakthrough Prize in Life Sciences

Research Grant 1995, Harry NOLLER USA University of California, Santa Cruz, USA Program Grant 2008

CNRS - Bronze Medal

Unité de Neuroscience, Information et Long-Term Fellowship 2009, Brice BATHELLIER France Complexité, Gif-sur-Yvette, France Career Development Award 2015

Algeria, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnnelle, Long-Term Fellowship 2010, Mounia LAGHA France Montpellier, France Career Development Award 2015

Katia ZANIER Italy University of Strasbourg, France Short-Term Fellowship 2002

GERMAN RESEARCH COUNCIL - Leibniz Prize

Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Karl-Peter HOPFNER Germany Young Investigator Grant 2005 Germany

Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Frank JUELICHER Germany Program Grant 2004 Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany

EMBO - Gold Medal

Weizmann Institute of Science, Long-Term Fellowship 2002, Maya SCHULDINER Israel Rehovot, Israel Career Development Award 2008

THE SCIENCE OF HFSPO — 91 ERNST SCHERING FOUNDATION - Ernst Schering Prize

Research Institute of Molecular Elly M. TANAKA USA, Austria Program Grant 2010 Pathology, Vienna, Austria

GAIRDNER FOUNDATION - Canada Gairdner International Award

University of California San Francisco, David JULIUS USA Nakasone Award 2017 USA

GERMAN SOCIETY FOR BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY - Otto Warburg Medal

Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Stefan JENTSCH Germany Research Grant 1992 Martinsried, Germany

GRETE LUNDBECK EUROPEAN BRAIN RESEARCH FOUNDATION - Brain Prize

Wellcome Trust Centre for Raymond DOLAN Ireland Neuroimaging, Program Grant 2004 University College London, UK

Wolfram SCHULTZ Germany University of Cambridge, UK Program Grant 2004

JAPAN PRIZE FOUNDATION - Japan Prize 2017

Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Emmanuelle CHARPENTIER France Nakasone Award 2016 Berlin, Germany

Jennifer DOUDNA USA University of California Berkeley, USA Nakasone Award 2016

LOUIS-JEANTET FOUNDATION - Louis-Jeantet Prize for Medicine

Biozentrum, University of Basel, Silvia ARBER Switzerland Long-Term Fellowship 1996 Switzerland

ROBERT KOCH STIFTUNG - Robert Koch Prize

Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Antonio Italy Università della Svizzera italiana, Program Grant 2007 LANZAVECCHIA Bellinzona, & ETH Zurich, Switzerland

92 — CHAPTER 3 ROYAL NETHERLANDS ACADEMY OF ARTS AND SCIENCES - Heineken Prize for Cognitive Science

McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Research Grant 1997, Nancy KANWISHER USA MIT, Cambridge, USA Program Grant 2001

ROYAL NETHERLANDS ACADEMY OF ARTS AND SCIENCES - Heineken Prize for Medicine

Peter CARMELIET Belgium KU Leuven, Belgium Research Grant 1995

WARREN ALPERT FOUNDATION - Warren Alpert Foundation Prize

Kyoto University Graduate School Tasuku HONJO Japan Research Grant 1990 of Medicine, Japan

WOLF FOUNDATION - Krill Prize

Eilon SHANI Israel Tel-Aviv University, Israel Young Investigator Grant 2015

THE SCIENCE OF HFSPO — 93 3.8 IT INFRASTRUCTURE, DATA SECURITY AND WEBSITE

During FY 2017 we have increased the internet bandwidth to 1 Gbps which provided a much needed boost to the cloud-based backup procedures of data, offers a more reliable connection to applicants for HFSP programs and makes a fast-streaming video conferencing system possible.

The HFSP website will be redeveloped to implement modern technical standards for better integration and management of text and visual content. The project was started with a workshop organized by an IT development company, Wunderkraut AG, Munich, Germany, to carry out a content and functional audit of the existing website with the goal to define future needs for using the HFSP website in a better way.

The results of this workshop provided the core of the request for proposals sent out in March 2018 to interested bidders. It is expected that the new HFSP website will be fully functional during the second half of 2018.

94 — CHAPTER 3 Thinking about the new HFSP website! Staff members during a discovery workshop, March 1 – 2, 2018.

THE SCIENCE OF HFSPO — 95 Chapter 4 Budget and Finance 4.1 HFSPO Members’ funding 98 4.2 Member contributions for FY 2017 99 4.3 Geographical distribution of contributions 102 4.4 Payment of awards 104 4.5 FY 2017 financial summary 106 4.1 HFSPO MEMBERS’ FUNDING

HFSPO is supported by voluntary contributions from Management Supporting Parties (MSPs), representing its 15 HFSPO Members. These are Australia, Canada, France, Germany, India, Italy, Japan, Republic of Korea, New Zealand, Norway, Singapore, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, the United States of America and the European Commission (denoted by Europe in figures and tables).

HFSPO Members issue a Joint Communique at a Triennial Conference of HFSPO Members (formerly Intergovernmental Conference or IGC), indicating their intended contributions to a three-year budgetary period. The most recent agreement was signed in London in June 2016 for FY 2017 to FY 2019 and Members again acknowledged and commended the leading role of Japan in supporting HFSPO for over 25 years and committed the other HFSPO Members to greater burden-sharing.

At the London meeting, representatives accepted a financial framework for their indicative contributions to HFSPO for the period of 2017-2019 based on a +2 % annual increase and recognised the urgent need to move towards the development and application of new principles for calculating financial contributions in the long-term, taking into account quantitative and/or qualitative indicators and the impact of currency issues for MSPs’ contributions and income to HFSPO. For this purpose, a working group was established, whose recommendations will be included for discussion by the Board in July 2018. Representatives at the London IGC also encouraged the Board of Trustees to seek additional resources from non- HFSPO member sources.

98 — CHAPTER 4 4.2 MEMBER CONTRIBUTIONS FOR FY 2017

Left to right: Sarah NAETT, Akira ARAI, Jennifer SAYOL and Isabelle HEIDT-COQUARD

Table 4.1 shows voluntary contributions from HFSPO Members during FY 2017.

With voluntary contributions anticipated from India and Italy (these HFSPO Members have not paid their 2017 contribution as of beginning of May 2018), the total amount received from all HFSPO Members will be 1.2 M USD less than expected, due mainly to exchange rate fluctuations. HFSPO limits currency exchange as far as possible by using contributions in one currency for the payment of awardees in the same currency.

BUDGET AND FINANCE — 99 Table 4.1 Contributions from HFSPO Members in FY 2017 (1 April 2017 to 31 March 2018)

Payments

London Joint Com- Actual payment Actual payment London Joint muniqué for 2017 LC (Local in USD (at Communiqué for in LC Currency) accounting rate) 2017 in USD

Australia 772 000 USD 772 000 USD 772 000 772 000

Canada 1 999 000 CAD 1 998 703 CAD 1 545 720 1 538 000

Europe 5 057 000 EUR 5 057 000 EUR 5 349 295 5 619 000

France 2 367 000 EUR 2 367 000 EUR 2 653 463 2 630 000

Germany 4 710 000 EUR 4 617 000 EUR 5 334 017 5 234 000

India* 1 071 000 USD 1 071 000 USD 1 071 000 1 071 000

Italy* 956 000 EUR 940 000 EUR 1 044 000 1 062 000

Japan 21 043 000 USD 20 957 555 USD 20 957 555 21 043 000

Korea 846 000 USD 846 000 USD 846 000 846 000

New Zealand 147 000 USD 147 000 USD 147 000 147 000

Norway 658 000 USD 658 000 USD 658 000 658 000

Singapore 552 000 USD 552 000 USD 552 000 552 000

Switzerland 938 000 CHF 920 000 CHF 940 393 938 000

United Kingdom 1 562 000 GBP 1 562 000 GBP 1 915 451 2 403 000

United States of 10 749 000 USD 10 263 740 USD 10 263 740 10 749 000 America

* Not yet paid 54 049 634 55 262 000 (as of 3-05-18) 97,8%

Goal compared to real payment

Payments in the agreed currencies are recorded in the second column. The third column presents the converted amounts in USD, exchanged at the daily accounting rate. Total contributions amounted to 97.8 % of the London goal shown in the fourth column.

100 — CHAPTER 4

HISTORICAL CONTRIBUTION RECORD

By the end of FY 2017, the total amount contributed by the HFSPO Members since the beginning of the Program totaled 1.4 billion USD.

Table 4.2 Actual contributions from HFSPO Members per fiscal year at current exchange rate (million USD)

AU CA EU FR DE IN IT JP KR NZ NO SG CH UK US TOTAL % y to y

FY 1989 - - - 0,5 - - 0,0 9,9 ------10,42

FY - 0,200 - 1,650 0,290 - 1990* FY - - 0,150 1,620 0,910 - 0,440 - - - 0,400 - 0,040 32,00 1,8% 1991* 28,440 FY - 0,400 0,180 1,320 0,770 - 0,190 29,570 - - - 0,400 0,510 0,040 33,38 4,3% 1992* FY - 0,330 0,910 1,250 0,810 - 0,180 31,300 - - - 0,400 0,540 3,500 39,22 1 7, 5 % 1993* FY - 0,540 1,110 1,560 0,990 - 0,180 34,010 - - - 0,400 0,590 3,500 42,88 9,3% 1994* FY - 0,530 1,000 1,740 1,220 - 0,190 35,650 - - - 0,590 0,580 3,500 45,00 4,9% 1995* FY - 0,260 0,920 1,370 1,170 - 0,180 36,730 - - - 0,510 0,630 4,000 45,77 1,7% 1996* FY - 0,250 0,870 1,470 1,020 - 0,170 37,380 - - - 0,530 0,760 4,000 46,45 1,5% 1997* FY - 0,450 1,110 1,700 1,250 - 0,290 35,840 - - - 0,580 0,760 4,500 46,48 0,1% 1998* FY - 0,440 1,680 1,750 1,600 - 0,290 35,770 - - - 0,610 0,750 5,000 47, 8 9 3,0% 1999* FY - 0,450 1,520 1,580 2,100 - 0,260 37,380 - - - 0,550 0,750 5,500 50,09 4,6% 2000* FY - 0,510 0,870 1,160 2,840 - 0,680 3 7,0 5 0 - - - 0,520 0,800 7,390 51,82 3,5% 2001* FY - 0,830 2,380 1,400 1,530 - - 31,250 - - - 0,530 1,550 8,600 48,07 -7,2% 2002* FY - 0,810 4,720 1,910 3,940 - - 31,250 - - - 0,630 1,470 10,400 55,13 14,7% 2003* FY - 0,850 4,080 2,070 3,430 - 2,120 31,250 - - - 0,690 1,630 9,500 55,62 0,9% 2004* FY 0,466 0,870 4,510 2,170 3,500 - 0,840 31,248 0,550 - - 0,690 1,720 9,000 55,564 -0,1% 2005* FY 0,485 1,063 4,690 2,545 3,913 - 0,916 31,248 0,568 0,095 - 0,697 1,878 9,000 57,098 2,8% 2006* FY 0,504 1,286 5,500 2,951 4,174 0,780 1,561 31,248 0,591 0,099 - 0,698 2,146 9,000 60,538 6,0% 2007* FY 0,534 1,240 5,570 3,039 4,910 0,812 0,909 31,248 0,624 0,103 0,500 0,780 2,240 9,364 61,873 2,2% 2008* FY 0,566 1,331 5,762 2,439 5,266 0,844 - 31,248 0,658 0,108 0,520 0,862 1,915 9,832 61,351 -0,8% 2009** FY 0,598 1,441 5,334 2,000 5,037 0,879 1,092 29,523 0,694 0,113 0,541 0,818 1,816 9,930 59,817 -2,5% 2010** FY 0,622 1,614 6,254 2,701 5,036 0,914 1,073 24,773 0,722 0,118 0,563 0,923 2,010 9,930 57,253 -4,3% 2011** FY 0,647 1,680 5,590 2,736 5,115 0,837 1,102 23,545 0,751 0,123 0,585 0,849 2,047 9,930 55,537 -3,0% 2012** FY 0,673 1,742 6,103 2,936 5,451 0,698 1,199 22,457 0,781 0,128 0,608 0,867 2,036 9,930 55,609 0,1% 2013** FY 0,700 1,637 6,483 2,972 5,064 1,009 0,916 21,619 0,797 0,133 0,620 0,500 0,951 2,349 10,129 55,879 0,5% 2014** FY 0,728 1,504 5,348 2,518 4,923 1,029 1,060 21,040 0,813 0,138 0,633 0,520 0,921 2,253 10,129 53,556 -4,2% 2015** FY 2016 0,757 1,503 5,457 2,593 5,045 1,050 1,051 21,043 0,829 0,144 0,645 0,541 0,933 2,151 10,129 53,871 0,6% FY 2017 0,772 1,546 5,349 2,653 5,334 1,071 1,062 20,958 0,846 0,147 0,658 0,552 0,940 1,915 10,264 54,068 0,4% as of TOTAL 8,05 25,31 93,45 58,26 86,64 9,92 18,30 852,96 9,22 1,45 5,87 2,11 18,27 3 7, 8 0 196,04 1 423,65 04/05/18 100,0% 0,6% 1,8% 6,6% 4,1% 6,1% 0,7% 1,3% 59,9% 0,6% 0,1% 0,4% 0,1% 1,3% 2,7% 13,8% 1 423,65

BUDGET AND FINANCE — 101 4.3 GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF CONTRIBUTIONS

HFSPO encourages intercontinental collaboration in frontier research. The following figures 4.1 and 4.2 show the current voluntary contributions broken down per continental HFSPO Member. The Asia Pacific region including Japan remained the main source of funding, contributing 45.1 % of the total. After the Asia Pacific region, Europe contributed 33.1 % and North America contributed 21.8 % during FY 2017.

Figure 4.1 Continental distribution of received contributions

Japan Asia Pacific Europe North America

JP AU IN KR NZ SG EU FR DE IT NO UK CH US CA FY 2017 20,958 0,772 1,071 0,846 0,147 0,552 5,349 2,653 5,334 1,062 0,658 1,915 0,940 10,264 1,546 Million USD 38,76% 1,43% 1,98% 1,56% 0,27% 1,02% 9,89% 4,91% 9,87% 1,96% 1,22% 3,54% 1,74% 18,98% 2,86% % total 38,8% 6,3% 33,1 % 21,8%

102 — CHAPTER 4 Figure 4.2 HFSPO Member contributions 2017

CANADA 2,9%

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA JAPAN 19,0% 38,8%

SWITZERLAND 1,7% UNITED KINGDOM 3,5%

NORWAY 1,2%

ITALY 2,0%

GERMANY 9,9% AUSTRALIA 1,4% INDIA 2,0% KOREA 1,6% FRANCE NEW ZEALAND 0,3% 4,9% EUROPE 9,9% SINGAPORE 1,0%

BUDGET AND FINANCE — 103 4.4 PAYMENT OF AWARDS

HFSPO paid 47.7 M USD to its awardees during FY 2017.

Figure 4.3 shows the breakdown of the amount by program: 33 M USD for Research Grants (24.6 M USD for Program Grants and 8.4 M USD for Young Investigator Grants), representing 69.3 % of total award payments. 11.7 M USD for Long-Term and Cross-Disciplinary Fellows, corresponding to 24.6 % of payments. 2.5 M USD for CDA holders, corresponding to 5.2 % of payments. Approximately 0.5 M USD for the HFSP Awardees Meeting in Lisbon (July 2017) and other outreach activities, including Program meetings and the Nakasone Award.

Figure 4.3 Payments made in FY 2017 by type of award

51,33 % Program Grants

17,95 % Young Investigator Grants

24,57 % Long-Term and Cross-Disciplinary Fellowships

5,25 % Career Development Awards

0,18 % Awardees meeting

0,72 % Outreach activities

104 — CHAPTER 4 Budget Payments made % of total Payments Program FY 2017 during FY 2017 payments during FY 2016

Program Grants 24,550 24,450 51,33% 25,451

Young Investigator Grants 8,550 8,550 17,95% 8,500

Long-Term and 13,846 11,704 24,57% 13,835 Cross-Disciplinary Fellowships

Career Development Awards 2,700 2,500 5,25% 2,900

Awardees Meeting 0,278 0,086 0,18% 0,106

Outreach activities 0,472 0,345 0,72% 0,394

Program Activities 50,396 47,635 100% 51,186

In FY 2017, 47.28 % of the total amount was paid to support HFSP awardees in HFSPO Members within Europe, 37.23 % in North America, 8.94 % in the Asia Pacific region and 6.55 % in non-HFSPO members elsewhere in the world. These figures are relatively stable from one year to another.

Figure 4.4 shows total payments over all schemes of the Program to HFSPO Members and non-members (non-members include Brazil, China, Hong Kong, Israel, Mexico, Pakistan, Taiwan, South Africa).

Figure 4.4 Geographical distribution of HFSPO awards in FY 2017 in M USD

AU Research Grants CA EU Long-Term + Cross-Disc. FR Fellowships DE IN Career Development IT Awards JP KR NZ NO SG CH UK US NON MEMBERS

M USD 0 5 10 15

Non- Mem- US UK CH SG NO NZ KR JP IT IN DE FR EU CA AU bers

Research 2,65 8,32 3,20 1,38 0,33 0,20 0,10 0,50 1,84 0,56 0,12 4,53 2,77 4,17 1,65 0,78 Grants

Long-Term + Cross-Disc. 0,14 7,17 0,70 1,92 0,12 - 0,01 - 0,01 - - 0,46 0,20 0,68 0,18 0,15 Fellowships

Career Development 0,30 0,20 0,10 0,10 - - - - 0,10 - 0,20 0,40 0,50 0,50 0,10 - Awards

TOTAL 3,10 15,69 3,99 3,40 0,44 0,20 0,09 0,50 1,95 0,56 0,32 5,39 3,47 5,35 1,93 0,93

BUDGET AND FINANCE — 105 4.5 FY 2017 FINANCIAL SUMMARY

The accounting summary (Table 4.3) provides an overview of income and expenditures. Together, these result in the cash net financial position.

Income Expenditures Cash net financial position

All HFSPO Members paid their Administrative expenses amounted At the end of FY 2017, 3.9 M USD expected contribution during to 3.7 M USD, in line with the of FY 2018 contributions were FY 2017, except for India and budget and represent 7.2 % of total paid in advance by several HFSPO Italy. Contributions paid in contributions received. Members (Australia, New Zealand, currencies other than the USD are Norway, Singapore and the United consolidated at the exchange rate As each year, the amount spent Kingdom). of the date of payment. on fellowships was less than expected. This is because an With higher than expected revenue 2.3 M USD is outstanding at the awardee may seek an early from investments (2 M USD) and end of May 2018. All HFSPO termination of an award due to with outstanding payments in Members met the London IGC having taken up a permanent FY 2017 from India and Italy (2.3 voluntary intended contribution position or been granted M USD), the annual balance was except for the USA, Germany and postponement of the award positive (16.9 M USD). Switzerland. (e.g. for parental leave), or may have sought deferral of the third HFSPO investments, established year. Where appropriate, these to ensure future commitments payments were transferred to on awards, gained nearly 2 M following fiscal years. In 2017, 72 USD. This contributed to HFSPO’s fellowships were granted. overall financial income being higher than expected due to the As the numbers of awards were good performance of several long- smaller in 2017, the committed term investments. funds beyond this fiscal year are also less than expected.

106 — CHAPTER 4 Table 4.3 HFSPO accounting summary FY 2017 (budget and actual rates) – income

Income/ Budget 2017 Report FY 2017 Current commitments In M USD In M USD (actual rate)

1. Contributions 55,261 51,938 Australia 0,772 0,772 Canada 1,538 1,547 Europe 5,619 5,349 France 2,630 2,653 Germany 5,233 5,334 India 1,071 - Italy 1,062 0,003 Japan 21,043 20,958 Korea 0,846 0,846 New Zealand 0,147 0,147 Norway 0,658 0,658 Singapore 0,552 0,552 Switzerland 0,938 0,940 United Kingdom 2,403 1,915 United States of America 10,749 10,264

2. Interests and capital gain 0,250 1,999

3. Miscellaneous reimbursements - 0,173 Annual SUB-TOTAL - 54,110

4. Treasury 54,608 64,555 EMTN 45,000 25,000 Saving accounts in USD (Compte à 7,953 16,000 terme) Saving accounts in EUR 0,229 1,242 Current bank accounts 1,426 22,313

Total income 110,119 118,665 To be received from previous FY 4,916 2,251 (IN-IT) Annual Balance ( negative) 0 TOTAL 115,035 120,916

BUDGET AND FINANCE — 107 Expenditures/ Budget 2017 Report FY 2017 New commitments In m USD In m USD (actual rate)

1. Administrative expenses 55,261 51,938

2. Program activities 50,395 47,635 Program Grants 24,550 24,550 Young Investigators 8,550 8,450 Fellowships 13,846 11,704 Career Development Awards 2,700 2,500 Meetings and outreach 0,749 0,431 activities

Annual SUB-TOTAL - 51,370 Annual balance (positive) 2,740

3. Committed funds beyond FY (in USD) 53,809 52,597 Committed funds from previous year 3,463 Program Grants 24,100 24,100 Young Investigators 8,950 8,950 Fellowships 14,496 16,547 Career Development Awards 2,800 3,000

Total Expenses 107,956 103,967 Annual balance (positive) 7,079 16,949 TOTAL 115,035 120,916

NOTES ON FY 2017 ACCOUNTS

Accounts for FY 2017, consolidated in EUR, were prepared by the chartered accountants MAZARS. PricewaterhouseCoopers audited and certified these accounts. HFSPO’s legal accounts are reported on an accrual basis.

They follow the French regulations (GAAP) applicable to not-for-profit organizations. Legal accounts are consolidated and stated in EUR. The currency of consolidation used for HFSPO’s internal reporting, including this annual report, is the USD.

108 — CHAPTER 4 BUDGET AND FINANCE — 109 Appendix A.1 Joint Communiqué of the Intergovernmental 112 Conference on the International Human Frontier Science Program Organization, London, 10 June 2016 A.2 Summary of decisions of the Board 118 of Trustees in FY 2017 A.3 Governance and Administration lists: 119 1. Board of Trustees 119 2. Council of Scientists 121 3. Secretariat 123 A.1 JOINT COMMUNIQUÉ

Intergovernmental Conference of the International Human Frontier Science Program Organization London, 10 June 2016

Representatives of the Management Supporting Parties (MSPs) of Australia, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, India, Japan, the Republic of Korea, New Zealand, Norway, Singapore, Switzerland, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, the United States of America and of the European Union met at an Intergovernmental Conference (IGC) on 10 June 2016 in London (UK) to review the progress made and discuss the future of the International Human Frontier Science Program Organization (HFSPO).

1. MISSION AND ADDED VALUE OF THE HUMAN FRONTIER SCIENCE PROGRAM (HFSP)

a) Representatives recognise that the ever-growing complexity and diversity of science makes international collaboration more imperative than ever.

b) Independent reviews acknowledge that HFSPO has an impressive track record in stimulating world-class excellence in high-risk/high- impact science and career development which, because of HFSP’s particular niche (small-scale, bottom-up, high-risk, interdisciplinary, intercontinental), has significant added value.

c) Representatives recognize that as a result of the investment made up to now, HFSPO is uniquely positioned as a global cooperation in supporting frontier life-sciences research. Representatives acknowledge the role of Japan as the initiator of HFSPO, its largest contributor and the cornerstone of its hitherto success and sustainability.

112 — APPENDIX 2. CONTINUATION OF THE HUMAN FRONTIER SCIENCE PROGRAM a) Representatives renew their commitment to HFSPO. b) Representatives confirm the mission given to HFSPO to promote research into the complex mechanisms of living organisms for the benefit of humankind. c) Representatives confirm their aim to maintain the uniqueness of HFSPO in supporting innovative, frontier research in the life sciences, encouraging high risk research and promoting international collaboration in the spirit of science without borders. d) Representatives note the range of programs within the HFSPO portfolio (Annex 1) and request the Board of Trustees to continue to reflect upon and consider these to ensure they continue to serve HFSPO’s mission. e) Representatives acknowledge the need to ensure a sustained budget to maintain the attractiveness of HFSP, improve awarding capacity and be inclusive of fields as they emerge on the frontiers of the life sciences.

3. FINANCES

a) While representatives acknowledge and commend the leading role of Japan in supporting HFSPO for over 25 years, they also acknowledge that the time has come for greater burden-sharing to ensure that HFSP continues to make profound contributions in extending the frontiers.

b) Representatives accept a financial framework for their indicative contributions to HFSPO for the period 2017-2019 (Table A.1)

c) Representatives recognise the urgent need to move towards the development and application of new principles for calculating financial contributions in the long-term, taking into account quantitative and/ or qualitative indicators and the impact of currency issues for MSPs’ contributions and income to HFSPO.

d) Representatives encourage the Board of Trustees to seek additional resources from non MSP sources.

JOINT COMMUNIQUÉ — 113 4. NEW MEMBERS a) Representatives are pleased new members, which enable to welcome Singapore which the Program to better fulfil joined the Program in 2014. its mission. New members are a source of scientific b) Representatives encourage the enrichment and an indicator of Board to promote membership the health and excellence of the in HFSPO and reconfirm its Organization. view that HFSPO is open to

Table A.1 Indicative Management Supporting Party Contributions 2017 – 2019 (in k local currencies)

MANAGEMENT CURRENCY OF CONTRIBUTION CONTRIBUTION CONTRIBUTION SUPPORTING PARTY CONTRIBUTION FY 2017 FY 2018 FY 2019

JAPAN USD 21,043 21,043 21,043

AUSTRALIA USD 772 788 803

CANADA CAD 1,999 2,039 2,080

EUROPEAN UNION1 EUR 5,057 5,158 5,261

FRANCE EUR 2,367 2,415 2,463

GERMANY EUR 4,710 4,805 4,901

INDIA USD 1,071 1,092 1,114

ITALY EUR 956 975 995

KOREA USD 846 863 880

NEW ZEALAND USD 147 150 153

NORWAY2 USD 658 671 685

SINGAPORE USD 552 563 574

SWITZERLAND CHF 938 957 976

UNITED KINGDOM GBP 1,562 1,593 1,625

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA USD 10,749 10,964 11,183

1 As of 25 October 2016, the EU confirmed the figures above, following adoption of Horizon 2020 (the EU Framework Programme for Research and innovation 2014-2020).

2 As of 14 November 2016, Norway confirmed the figures above.

114 — APPENDIX NOTES

1. The contributions from 2017 are calculated by increasing the amount in the final year (2016) of the Brussels IGC agreement (2013) and increasing this by 2% yearly.

2. Using reference rates of 1 USD = 0.90 Euro, 1.3 CAD, 1 CHF and 0.65 GBP, this would provide HFSPO with totals of USD 55,261, 55,947 and 56,644 in 2017, 2018 and 2019 respectively. The actual total amount will vary with changes in exchange rates of these currencies against the USD.

3. Japan’s proportional support will fall from 38% to 37% (dependent on exchange rate changes).

4. Financial contribution of Japan is subject to change, depending on exchange-rate fluctuations due to the yen based contributions.

JOINT COMMUNIQUÉ — 115 ACTIVITIES OF HFSPO

The Board of Trustees of the International Human Frontier Science Program Organization have identified the following Programs for support for the period 2017-19.

RESEARCH GRANTS FELLOWSHIPS CAREER DEVELOPMENT Program Grants support Long-Term Fellowships. The AWARDS innovative 3 year research aim of the Fellowship program The CDA program was designed to projects involving extensive is to promote the international be a tool to facilitate repatriation collaboration amongst small (2 to exchange of talented early career of HFSP postdoctoral fellows 4 member) teams of independent scientists for research training in and help them set up their first scientists (group leaders), working the life sciences, with priority given independent laboratory at a in different countries and in to applicants who will broaden vulnerable career stage. different disciplines. They are their research skills by moving into The award can be held either in for investigator driven frontier a new area of study. Applicants the fellow’s home country, their research in the life sciences. for Long-Term Fellowships have a spouse’s home country or in any Ph.D. in a biological discipline. HFSP member country. The value Young Investigator Grants. The of the award is 300,000 USD over same general conditions apply Cross-Disciplinary Fellowships. three years. but these grants are reserved for Applicants for a Cross-Disciplinary The Career Development Award teams where all team members are Fellowship have a Ph.D. from is under review by the Board of within 5 years of starting their first outside the life sciences (e.g. in Trustees. independent position (and within physics, chemistry, mathematics, 10 years of receiving a Ph.D.) engineering, computer sciences, etc.)

NAKASONE AWARD Based on current policies and The Nakasone Award is made to assumptions, the Board of Trustees scientists who have undertaken estimated that these contributions frontier-moving research in will be able to support 32 Research biology, encompassing conceptual, Grants, 75 Long Term Fellowships, experimental or technological and 8 Career development Awards. breakthroughs. The Award In 2016, the Board supported 32, 75 recognises the vision of former and 8 awards respectively. Prime Minister Nakasone of Japan in the creation of HFSP.

116 — APPENDIX Australia

Canada

European Union

France

Germany

India

Italy

Japan

New Zealand

Norway

Republic of Korea

Singapore

Switzerland

United Kingdom

United States of America

ACTIVITIES OF HFSPO — 117 A.2 BOARD DECISIONS FY 2017

1. Approval of the minutes of the 52nd Board meeting. Decisions taken at 2. Approval of the Statutory Auditors’ report. 3. Approval of the HFSPO Budget and Program Activity Plan FY 2017 the Annual General (subject to greater reference to the life sciences data resources). 4. Approval of the Internal Audit Committee Report and priorities for Meeting 2017-2018. (53rd Meeting), 5. Approval of Presidential Delegations as presented (effective immediately upon approval of the revised Statutes). 6-7 July 2017 6. Approval of the Risk Register 2017-2018, subject to the addition of an item on sexual and moral harassment. 7. Approval of proposal to purchase professional liability insurance for Trustees. 8. Establishment of a working group to develop a formula for the calculation of contributions.

15 April 2017 Approval of appointment of Prof. Vincent Eijsink to the Decisions taken Council of Scientists. 5 May 2017 Approval of the Terms of Reference of the Joint Board/ out of session by Council working group on the CDA program. 26 May 2017 Approval of appointment of Prof. Thomas Daniel to the an electronic vote Council of Scientists. (with deadline for 9 October 2017 Approval of the selection of the 2018 HFSP Nakasone Award winner (Prof. Svante Pääbo). approval) 7 November 2017 Approval of appointment of Mr. Peter Finnigan to the Internal Audit Committee.

30 November 2017 Approval in principle to establish a Board Investment Advisory Committee.

11 January 2018 Approval of Bylaws Section D. Peer Review and I. Harassment.

20 January 2018 Approval of Terms of Reference of the working group on the calculation of voluntary HFSPO contributions.

20 January 2018 Election of Prof. Rein Aasland as Vice President of the HFSPO Board of Trustees.

23 March 2018 Approval of 2018 Awards.

118 — APPENDIX A.3.1 BOARD OF TRUSTEES

The HFSPO Board of Trustees

PRESIDENT Nobutaka HIROKOWA, University of Tokyo, Japan

VICE-PRESIDENTS Pierre CHAREST, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council, Canada Mark PALMER, Medical Research Council, UK (until March 2017) Jane SILVERTHORNE, National Science Foundation, USA (until September 2017) Rein AASLAND, University of Oslo (from January 2018)

TREASURER Mark PALMER, Medical Research Council, UK

AUSTRALIA Roy GOLDIE, National Health and Medical Research Council (until April 2017) Anne KELSO, National Health and Medical Research Council

CANADA Jane AUBIN, Canadian Institutes of Health Research (until May 2017) Pierre CHAREST, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council Anne MARTIN-MATTHEWS, Canadian Institutes of Health Research (from May 2017)

EUROPEAN COMMISSION Philippe CUPERS, Directorate-General for Research and Innovation Ruxandra DRAGHIA AKLI, Directorate-General Research (until February 2017) Line MATTHIESSEN, Directorate General for Research and Innovation (from February 2017)

BOARD OF TRUSTEES — 119 FRANCE Jacques DEMOTES-MAINARD, Ministry of Higher Education and Research

GERMANY Mathias HENDRICHS, Forschungszentrum Jülich (until June 2017) Eva NOURNEY, Federal Ministry of Education and Research (from October 2017) Ingrid OHLERT, German Research Council

INDIA Satyajit RATH, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Krishnaswamy VIJAYRAGHAVAN, Ministry of Science and Technology

ITALY Piergiorgio STRATA, University of Turin Glauco TOCCHINI-VALENTINI, National Research Council

JAPAN Nobutaka HIROKAWA, University of Tokyo Toichi SAKATA, Japan Space Forum

REPUBLIC OF KOREA Wonho CHOI, Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning (until January 2018) Bohyon JANG, Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning (from January 2018) Yoo-Hun SUH, Neuroscience Research Institute, Gachon University

NEW ZEALAND Richard BEASLEY, Medical Research Institute of New Zealand

NORWAY Rein AASLAND, University of Oslo

SINGAPORE Teck-Hua HO, National University of Singapore Teck-Seng LOW, National Research Foundation

SWITZERLAND Isabella BERETTA, State Secretariat for Education, Research and Innovation Pierre MAGISTRETTI, EPFL and Lausanne University

UNITED KINGDOM Mark PALMER, Medical Research Council Melanie WELHAM, Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Roger GLASS, Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health Theresa GOOD, National Science Foundation (from March 2018) Jane SILVERTHORNE, National Science Foundation (until September 2017)

120 — APPENDIX A.3.2 COUNCIL OF SCIENTISTS

CHAIR Allan HERBISON, Otago University, Dunedin, New Zealand

VICE-CHAIRS Daniela RHODES, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore Hendrik STUNNENBERG, University of Nijmegen, Netherlands

AUSTRALIA Gabrielle BELZ, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne

CANADA Anne-Claude GINGRAS, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto

EUROPEAN COMMISSION Hendrik STUNNENBERG, University of Nijmegen, Netherlands Allan HERBISON

FRANCE Chair of the Council Philip AVNER, EMBL Monterotondo, Italy of Scientists

GERMANY Helmut GRUBMÜLLER, Max-Planck-Institut for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen

INDIA Under appointment

ITALY Fabrizio BENEDETTI, University of Turin Medical School

JAPAN Tadashi UEMURA, Kyoto University

REPUBLIC OF KOREA Yunje CHO, Pohang University of Science and Technology

JOINT COMMUNIQUÉ — 121 NEW ZEALAND Allan HERBISON, Otago University, Dunedin

NORWAY Vincent EIJSINK, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås

SINGAPORE Daniela RHODES, Nanyang Technological University

SWITZERLAND Theodor LANDIS, University of Geneva

UNITED KINGDOM Under appointment

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Thomas DANIEL, Washington University

122 — APPENDIX A.3.3 SECRETARIAT

EXECUTIVE OFFICE Warwick ANDERSON (Australia), Secretary General Hideki MIZUMA (Japan), Deputy Secretary General Jill HUSSER (UK), Assistant

SCIENTIFIC AFFAIRS AND COMMUNICATIONS Guntram BAUER (Germany), Director Rosalyn HUIE (UK), Assistant

RESEARCH GRANTS Geoffrey RICHARDS (UK), Director Carole ASNAGHI (France), Assistant The HFSPO Secretariat Armelle KOUKOUI (Benin), Assistant (not present: Severine ETCHANCHU)

FELLOWSHIPS Barbara PAULY (Germany), Director Marie-Claude PERDIGUES (France), Assistant Carine SCHMITT (France), Assistant

ADMINISTRATION AND FINANCE Isabelle HEIDT-COQUARD (France), Director Severine ETCHANCHU (France), Assistant (from February 2018) Sarah NAETT CAZAU (New Zealand), Assistant (until March 2018) Jennifer SAYOL (France), Assistant Léonard SCHERER (France), Trainee (until September 2017)

IT SYSTEMS Xavier SCHNEIDER (France), Manager

ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICER Akira ARAI (Japan)

JOINT COMMUNIQUÉ — 123

HFSPO

Registre des Associations de Strasbourg Volume 61 - Folio 99

The International Human Frontier Science Program Organization (HFSPO) 12 quai Saint Jean BP 10034 67080 Strasbourg CEDEX France Fax. +33 (0)3 88 32 88 97 e-mail: [email protected] website: www.hfsp.org Japanese website: https://www.amed.go.jp/ program/list/03/01/010.html

Photo Credits

HFSPO thanks Sandro Weltin (pp. 8, 11, 13, 52, 78), Guntram Bauer (pp. 19, 95, 99), Liang Zhao (p. 23), Laurel Kroo (p. 49), César Omar Ramirez Quiroz (p. 49), Walter Sandoval (p. 49), Pedro Araújo Pina (pp. 80, 81), Karsten Moebius (p. 84), Jean-Marc de Balthasar (p. 119), Xavier Schneider (p. 123) for supplementary photos in addition to the ones provided by Declan Bates (p. 44), Ray Dunn (p. 54) and Allan Herbison (p. 121).

Illustrations, including the cover page, are on the theme of abstract representations of biology (© istock/getty images)

Conception: Voituriez & Obringer / agencevo.com 17 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

HFSPO is grateful for the support of the following organizations:

Australia National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) ANNUAL 20 REPORT ANNUAL Canada Canadian Institute of Health Research (CIHR) Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC)

European Commission Directorate General Research (DG RESEARCH)

France Strasbourg Eurométropole Ministère de l’Enseignement Supérieur et de la Recherche (MESR) Région Alsace

Germany Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF)

India Department of Biotechnology (DBT), Ministry of Science and Technology

Italy Ministry of Education, University and Research (CNR)

Japan Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED) Ministry for Economy, Trade and Industry (METI) Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT)

Republic of Korea Ministry of Science and ICT

New Zealand Health Research Council of New Zealand (HRC)

Norway Research Council of Norway (RCN)

Singapore National Research Foundation of Singapore (NRF)

Switzerland State Secretariat for Education, Research and Innovation (SERI)

United Kingdom Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) Medical Research Council (MRC)

United States of America National Institutes of Health (NIH) National Science Foundation (NSF)

The International Human Frontier Science Program Organization (HFSPO) 12 quai Saint Jean - BP 10034 67080 Strasbourg CEDEX - France Fax. +33 (0)3 88 32 88 97 e-mail: [email protected] Website: www.hfsp.org Japanese web site: www.amed.go.jp/program/list/03/01/010.html