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Discovering the Archaeologists of Romania 2012-14 Discovering the Archaeologists of Romania 2012-14 Corina Borș and Paul Damian Muzeul Național de Istorie a României [National History Museum of Romania] Published by September 2014 All contents copyright © 2014 by Corina Borș and Paul Damian. 1 2 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, 444 Castro Street, Suite 900, Mountain View, California, 94041, USA. Under the terms of this licence, you are free: to Share - to copy, distribute and transmit the work to Remix – to adapt the work to make commercial use of the work Under the following conditions: Attribution — You must attribute the work in the manner specified by the author or licensor (but not in any way that suggests that they endorse you or your use of the work). With the understanding that: Waiver — Any of the above conditions can be waived if you get permission from the copyright holders. Public Domain — Where the work or any of its elements is in the public domain under applicable law, that status is in no way affected by the licence. Other Rights — In no way are any of the following rights affected by the licence: Your fair dealing or fair use rights, or other applicable copyright exceptions and limitations; The authors’ moral rights; Rights other persons may have either in the work itself or in how the work is used, such as publicity or privacy rights. Notice — For any reuse or distribution, you must make clear to others the licence terms of this work. The publisher has used its best efforts in preparing this book, and the information provided herein is provided "as is." National History Museum of Romania (Muzeul Național de Istorie a României) makes no representation or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this book and specifically disclaims any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for any particular purpose and shall in no event be liable for any loss of profit or any other commercial damage, including but not limited to special, incidental, consequential, or other damages. ISBN 978-973-0-17563-9 This project acted as the Romania component of the transnational Discovering the Archaeologists of Europe 2012-14 project, which was administered by York Archaeological Trust with financial support from the Lifelong Learning Programme of the European Commission. This report reflects the views only of the authors, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein. 3 CONTENT LIST OF TABLES 5 LIST OF FIGURES 6 I. INTRODUCTION: BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DISCO 2012–2014 PROJECT 7 I.1. General background 7 I.2. Purpose and aims 8 I.3. Partners 9 II. NATIONAL CONTEXT: BEING AN ARCHAEOLOGIST IN ROMANIA – A CHANGING PERSPECTIVE ALONG 150 YEARS 10 III. ABOUT THE NATIONAL HISTORY MUSEUM OF ROMANIA 12 IV. LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR ARCHAEOLOGY IN ROMANIA 14 IV.1. Evolution of the legal framework with special regard to the archaeological profession 14 IV.2. Who is an archaeologist in Romania? 16 IV.3. Operational framework for archaeology in Romania 17 V. THE QUESTIONNAIRES DEVELOPED IN THE FRAMEWORK OF THE DISCO 2012–2014 PROJECT 23 V.1. The institutional questionnaire 23 V.2. The individual questionnaire 32 VI. OTHER SOURCES OF RELEVANT DATA 35 VI.1. The Register of Archaeologists in Romania 35 VI.2. The Chronicle of Archaeological Excavations in Romania 35 VI.3. A preliminary approach for profiling the archaeological profession and practice in Romania made in 2005 36 VI.4. The public questionnaire 36 VII. WORK METHODOLOGY 42 VII.1. The main criteria of the questionnaires 42 VII.2. Applying the questionnaires 43 VII.3. Data processing 44 VIII. THE RESULTS OF THE SURVEY 45 VIII.1. Data gathered through the institutional questionnaire 45 VIII.2. Data gathered through the individual questionnaire 55 IX. CONCLUSIONS 74 REFERENCES 75 4 LIST OF TABLES Table 1 – The number of registered archaeologists per institutions according to the public data of the Register of Archaeologists 17 Table 2 – The dynamics of archaeological excavations in Romania (“scheduled” excavations versus preventive excavations) 20 Table 3 – The profile of the respondents to the public questionnaire 37 Table 4 – The feedback to the institutional questionnaire 43 Table 5 – Relevance of the feedback for the institutional questionnaire 45 Table 6 – Comparative data for the relevance of the “archaeological” employers according to the Register of Archaeologists and the data of the institutional questionnaire 46 Table 7 – Type of activities / services in archaeology 47 Table 8 – Geographic relevance of the archaeological activities / services of the institutions 48 Table 9 – Total number of archaeologists in 2013 (full-time / permanent labour contract) based on the feedback to the institutional questionnaire 49 Table 10 – The past employments’ dynamics based on the feedback to the institutional questionnaire 49 Table 11 – The future employments’ dynamics based on the feedback to the institutional questionnaire 50 Table 12 – The medium term perspective regarding the employment of archaeological staff based on the feedback to the institutional questionnaire 50 Table 13 – Situation of the quality standards for activities / services in archaeology based on the feedback to the institutional questionnaire 52 Table 14 – Need for professional training at institutional level based on the feedback to the institutional questionnaire 52 Table 15 – Opportunity for training for the archaeological staff based on the feedback to the institutional questionnaire 52 Table 16 – Type of training for the archaeological staff based on the feedback to the institutional questionnaire 53 Table 17 – Situation of the affiliation to a trade union based on the feedback to the institutional questionnaire 53 Table 18 – Situation of the salaries of the archaeologists based on the feedback to the institutional questionnaire 54 Table 19 – Gender distribution of archaeologists based on the Register of Archaeologists 57 Table 20 – Sex & gender distribution of archaeologists based on the feedback to the individual questionnaire 57 Table 21 – Nationality of archaeologists based on the Register of Archaeologists 58 Table 22 – Situation of the professional degree according to the Register of Archaeologists in Romania 62 Table 23 – Type of labour contracts based on the feedback to the individual questionnaire 65 Table 24 – Comparative institutional profile of the employers for archaeology 66 5 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1 – The importance of archaeology 38 Figure 2 – Perception of interest in archaeology vs. level of knowledge 38 Figure 3 – Cultural consumption – archaeology (TV, books, Internet) 39 Figure 4 – Cultural consumption – museums and archaeology 39 Figure 5 – A portrait of an archaeologist 40 Figure 6 – Age distribution of archaeologists based on the feedback to the individual questionnaire 55 Figure 7 – Gender distribution of archaeologists based on the feedback to the individual questionnaire 56 Figure 8 – Nationality of archaeologists based on the feedback to the individual questionnaire 58 Figure 9 – Situation of the expertise – academic qualifications (education) based on the feedback to the individual questionnaire 59 Figure 10 – Situation of the place where the highest academic qualification was obtained based on the feedback to the individual questionnaire 60 Figure 11 – Situation of the professional degree according to the Register of Archaeologists in Romania based on the feedback to the individual questionnaire 61 Figure 12 – Situation of the archaeological expertise based on the feedback to the individual questionnaire 63 Figure 13 – Type of employment based on the feedback to the individual questionnaire 64 Figure 14 – Institutional profile of the employers based on the feedback to the individual questionnaire 65 Figure 15 – Functions (Job positions) of archaeologists based on the feedback to the individual questionnaire 67 Figure 16 – Employment’s dynamics (I) – previous employment of archaeologists based on the feedback to the individual questionnaire 68 Figure 17 – Employment’s dynamics (II) – future employment of archaeologists based on the feedback to the individual questionnaire 69 Figure 18 – Situation of the monthly net salaries of archaeologists based on the feedback to the individual questionnaire 70 Figure 19 – Situation of the affiliation to professional associations of archaeologists based on the feedback to the individual questionnaire 71 Figure 20 – Situation of the affiliation to the European Association of Archaeologists based on the feedback to the individual questionnaire 72 Figure 21 – Situation of the archaeologists with disabilities in Romania based on the feedback to the individual questionnaire 73 6 I. INTRODUCTION: BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DISCO 2014 PROJECT GENERAL INFORMATION financed by the European Commission through the Executive Agency for Education, Audiovisual and Culture (project no. 52809-LLP-1-2012-1-UK- LEONARDO-LNW) financed in the framework of the Lifelong Learning Programme of the European Union coordinated by York Archaeological Trust (UK) 23 parteners implementation period: 2012 – 2014 transnational project extended follow-up to the Discovering the Archaeologists of Europe Project, unfolded from 2006 to 2008, yet with less partners at that time main objective – the analysis of the employment degree in archaeology and
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