DOCSLIB.ORG

Archaeology and Nationalism. the Endless Struggle for DBâca (G.: Dobeschdorf; H.: Doboka1) Thoughts on Research Development and Archaeological Realities

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Archaeology and Nationalism. the Endless Struggle for D�Bâca (G.: Dobeschdorf; H.: Doboka1) Thoughts on Research Development and Archaeological Realities The Endless Struggle for Dbâca 2015–2016257 Erwin Gáll ARCHAEOLOGY AND NATIONALISM. THE ENDLESS STRUGGLE FOR DBÂCA (G.: DOBESCHDORF; H.: DOBOKA1) THOUGHTS ON RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL REALITIES The excavation of Dbâca castle started in the early 1960s. The contextualization of the results was heavily inluenced by ideological preconceptions since the fortiication was identiied as the political-military centre of legendary “lord Gelou” by archaeologists, based on the material of only three seasons of archaeological research and a written source from a much later period. According to the archaeological and numismatic inds, the fortiication was built in/after the irst third of the 11th century, but the castle system reached the peak of its life in the 12th century. This is clearly demonstrated by the coins those were found in the graves in Castle Area IV, A. Tmaş’s garden and the graveyard of Boldâg/Boldogasszony, just like by the diverse structures of the settlement. The transformation of the castle as a political and administrative center can be dated to the late 13th century. It seems that the changes in Dbâca’s role were not the result of the Mongolian invasion, and can be traced back to other, both administrative and political reasons. A múlt század ’60-as éveiben kezddött dobokai ásatások eredményeinek értékelése prekoncepciókkal súlyo- san terhelt volt, az ásatásvezet régészek három ásatási idény után Doboka várkomplexumából származó régészeti leletanyagot, mint a legendás Gelou dux katonai-politikai központjának hagyatékát értékelték. Az azonosítás alapja egyetlen, sokkal késbbi írott forrás volt. A régészeti és a numizmatikai anyag alapján a 11. század els harmadában vagy kevéssel ezután épült vár, illetve a területén létrejött települési struktúrák fejldésének csúcspontja a 12. század. Ezt a IV. vártérség, illetve az A. Tma kertjében és a Boldogas- szony temetjének sírjaiból elkerült pénzérmék, valamint a település különböz szerkezeti egységei ponto- san azonosíthatóvá teszik. A várközpont, mint politikai-katonai és adminisztrációs centrum átalakulásának kora a 13. század második felére tehet. A dobokai vár szerepének megváltozása nem a tatárjáráshoz köthet, más, adminisztrációs és gazdasági okai lehettek. Keywords: Dbâca, castle, hillfort, fortiication, cremation cemetery, churchyard, settlements, 7th13th centuries Kulcsszavak: Doboka (Dbâca), vár, hamvasztásos temet, templomkörüli temet, telepek, 713. század Introduction cording to their Medieval Latin term civitas (11th12th centuries) or castrum (from the 13th century onward, The topic of the present paper is a speciic and quite MORDOVIN 2010, 78). Therefore in this paper I will complex site at Dbâca (Cluj County, Romania). The use terms castle and stronghold for the whole site. complexity of the site causes some terminological Except for the minor excavation of Károly Cre- problems. The location is a medieval fortiied settle- ttie in 1942, it has been more than ive decades since ment with still surviving spectacular ramparts. Ac- the plan excavations had begun in the valley of Lo- cording to the existing Hungarian terminology such nea (Hungarian: Lóna) creek – which is part of the sites, former royal centres are usually called castle ac- Someşul Mic (Little Someş) Valley – at the Dbâca 258 E. Gáll Fig. 1 The Valleys of Someul Mic and Lonea in the Transylvanian- and in the Carpathian Basin 1. kép Kis-Szamos medencéje és Lóna/Kendilóna az Erdélyi- és a Kárpát-medencében castle, that was deined as such by József Könyöki Transylvanian Basin at an altitude between 232 and already in 1906. 400 meters. The valley is relatively wide, reaching Compared to other Central and Eastern European 4–5 kilometres width in certain points; however it power centres, the state of archaeological research tends to contract very abruptly (Perşoiu 2010, 56). and theoretical processing of Dbâca (along with Its relief is marked by a wide loodplain (known as the other Transylvanian medieval power centres) Lunca Someului) superimposed by six–eight ter- is among the last on a scientiic scale. The present races, thus making it an ideal area for human settle- paper aims to discuss the phases of research history ment (Perşoiu 2010, 56). The Someul Mic Valley of Dbâca. divides multiple geographical units. From the north it is bordered by the southern portions of the Some The topographical characteristics of Dbâca and Plateau (Podişul Someşului) comprising of a sedi- its natural resources mentary structure and by the Hills of Cluj, respec- tively Dej (Dealurile Clujului, Dealurile Dejului). Between Gilu and Dej, the Someul Mic River The latter consists of rounded hills with an aver- carved a valley into the sedimentary layers of the age height of 500–600 meters fragmented by the The Endless Struggle for Dbâca 259 Fig. 2 Dbâca on the First and Second Military Surveys, and the castle from the northwest (1964) 2. kép Doboka az I. és II. katonai térképen, illetve a vár északnyugatról (1964) numerous northwest–southeast oriented valleys of position of the mountain called Nagyhegy (Great the main tributaries (e.g. Ndaş, Prâul Chintenilor, Mountain/Hill), situated southwest of the village Feiurdeni, Bora, Lonea, Lujerdiu) from the left with an altitude of 529 m.a.s.l., the valley of the side of Someul Mic (Perşoiu 2010, 56). Lonea is extremely narrow; thus it forms this part The Someul Mic Valley is approximately of the valley an excellent vantage point over the 150 kilometres long starting at the spring of the pass. The road in the narrow valley, squeezed be- Someşul Cald (Warm Someş). The river springs tween two hills, takes a sharp turn in the middle of from two separate locations in the Bihar Moun- the village. The old castle district was situated in tains. The larger of the two is the Someşul Cald, the area of this curvature.2 The two hills gradually the smaller is called Someşul Rece. These two riv- decrease in altitude towards the northwest. The ers converge at the lake of Gilu, where from the shape of the castle resembles a pie with a sharp an- river continues its path as the Someşul Mic. Start- gle with an arc at the end, pointing towards to the ing from Gilu, the river continues its way east- north-northeast. Both sides are well defendable, ward in a larger valley. It crosses Cluj-Napoca and sloping at 25°–45° degrees. The early medieval turns north at Apahida, and after leaving behind castle district was built in this place with a number Bonida and Gherla, it runs into the Someşul Mare. of villages and churches around it. Altogether ifteen streams of various sizes run into The castle was built at approximately the mid- the Someşul Mic along its path; Dbâca is located dle of the 20 kilometres long, narrow valley of the in the valley of one of these streams called Lonea Lonea River (Fig. 1–2). It can be argued that the (Fig. 1). site selection was connected to the fact that admit- The village is located 30 kilometres northwest tedly the Lonea valley was covered by dense beech of Cluj-Napoca. The Lonea lows into the Someş forest during the Early Middle Ages, which in con- River 10 kilometres from this point. Owing to the junction with the high discharge of the stream, re- 260 E. Gáll sults in an ideal place for human settlement. Due to A Magyar Nemzet Története az Árpád házi királyok the absence of excavations and ield survey, hith- alatt (The History of the Hungarian Nation in the erto there is no reliable information regarding the time of the Árpádian kings), Gyula Pauler traces demography of this area in the Early Middle Ages.3 back the name Doboka, as well as the names of The location of the castle must have a direct Kolozs and Torda, to personal names (Pauler 1893, connection with its strategic geographical loca- I. k., 71); although – unlike Gyarmathi – Pauler did tion. The Lonea River is almost perpendicular on not provide any linguistic explanations, since this the Mese mountain range that is situated between was not the goal of his work. According to Dezs the Some and the Crasna rivers. Following a Pais Doboka as a personal name could have been westward direction towards the Mese Mountains, widely spread in the Middle Ages, because it oc- the terrain gradually rises from 316 meters at the curs several times in the written sources, and also in foot of the stronghold to 330 meters at the castle’s the settlement names of the Carpathian Basin (PAIS level, further on at the nearby valley road (some 1926, 112). Following the work of Gyarmathi the 700 meters away towards the southeast) and at the irst truly linguistic analysis can be linked to János end of the village. It rises further to 335 meters and Melich, published in 1816. Melich originates the eventually to 343 meters some 1200 meters away name Doboka from the ancient Hungarian given from the castle (Fig. 2). name “Dob”, applying the diminutive sufix ‘-ika’ to it (Gombóczmelich 1916, 13731374; MELICH Interpretations concerning the name “Dbâca” in 1927, 245). Moreover, he also gathered all of the the Romanian and Hungarian historical literature Doboka settlement names of the Carpathian Basin in his study in 1927 (he mentions ive of them) and The link between the fortiication of Dbâca4 and also looked up all the sources that are in connec- the activity of King Stephen I is almost generally tion with Doboka as a given name (MELICH 1927, accepted in the Hungarian historiography of the 244). Based on the research of Melich, in the overall last decades and, therefore the date of the forti- historical synthesis published in the volume writ- ication’s construction is dated around 1000 AD. ten by Bálint Hóman and Gyula Szekf in the inter- Furthermore, based on a single written source, the war period, the Dbâca (Doboka) settlement name name (Benk 1994, 169) of both the fortiication was evaluated similarly (MELICH 1927, 240–245; and the county derives from the name of a com- hóman–Szekf 1935, Vol.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Presentation Innovation Seminar
    1 2 Dealurile Clujului Est learning area (LA) is located in the North-Western Romanian Development region (Map 1). The site is situated in the middle of the Romanian historical region of Transylvania that borders to the North-East with Ukraine and to the West with Hungary (Map 2). 3 Administratively, the study area is divided into eight communes (Apahida, Bonțida, Borșa, Chinteni, Dăbâca, Jucu, Panticeu and Vultureni) that are located in the peri-urban area of Cluj - Napoca city (321.687 inhabitants in 2016). It is the biggest Transylvanian city in terms of population and GDP per capita (Map 3). A Natura 2000 site is the core of the LA, and has the same name (Map 4). The LA boundaries were set to capture the Natura 2000 site plus surrounding farmland with similar nature values. The study area also belongs to several local administrative associations. With the exception of two communes (Panticeu and Chinteni), the territory appertains to the Local Action Group (LAG) Someș Transilvan. Panticeu commune is member of Leader Cluj LAG and Chinteni commune currently belongs to no LAG (Map 3). This situation brings inconsistences in terms of good area management. All administrative units, with the exception of Panticeu, belong to the Cluj-Napoca Metropolitan Area. Its strategy acknowledged agriculture as a key objective. Also, it is previewed that the rural areas around Cluj-Napoca can be developed by promoting local brands to the urban consumers and by creating ecotourism facilities (Cluj- Napoca Metropolitan Area Strategy, 2016). The assessment shows that future HNV innovative programmes have to be incorporated in all these local associative initiatives.
    [Show full text]
  • Download/D2.6 Hnvlinkcompendium.Pdf (Accessed on 15 February 2020)
    agriculture Article Innovation Gaps and Barriers in Alternative Innovative Solutions for Sustainable High Nature Value Grasslands. Evidence from Romania Mugurel I. Jitea , Valentin C. Mihai , Felix H. Arion , Iulia C. Muresan and Diana E. Dumitras * Department of Economic Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 3-5 Manastur Street, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; [email protected] (M.I.J.); [email protected] (V.C.M.); [email protected] (F.H.A.); [email protected] (I.C.M.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +40-745-549-320 Abstract: Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) proposes environmental policies developed around action-based conservation measures supported by agri-environment schemes (AES). High Nature Value (HNV) farming represents a combination of low-intensity and mosaic practices mostly devel- oped in agricultural marginalized rural areas which sustain rich biodiversity. Being threatened by intensification and abandonment, such farming practices were supported in the last CAP periods by targeted AES. This study aims to identify the most important farming trends in a recognized HNV grasslands Romanian site, subject to public conservation actions. The content analysis of multi-actor focus groups transcripts identifies innovation needs for alternative sustainable HNV farming systems, assessing also the most important barriers for their local deployment. Results show that stakeholders have strong awareness about the existence of HNV farming practices in their territory and their negative trends (abandonment; intensification) that might irreversibly affect Citation: Jitea, M.I.; Mihai, V.C.; biodiversity and cultural values. Current AES could not compensate for the existing innovation gaps. Arion, F.H.; Muresan, I.C.; Dumitras, Although local stakeholders have basic awareness about alternative innovative approaches, they D.E.
    [Show full text]
  • The Current Problems of Urban Development in Cluj Metropolitan Area
    STUDIA UBB AMBIENTUM, LXIII, 2, 2018, pp. 5-13 (RECOMMENDED CITATION) DOI:10.24193/subbambientum.2018.2.01 THE CURRENT PROBLEMS OF URBAN DEVELOPMENT IN CLUJ METROPOLITAN AREA Nicolae BACIU1*, Gheorghe ROŞIAN1, Octavian-Liviu MUNTEAN1, Vlad MĂCICĂŞAN1, Viorel ARGHIUŞ1, Radu MIHĂIESCU1 1Babeş-Bolyai University, Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, 400294 Cluj-Napoca, Romania *Corresponding author: [email protected] ABSTRACT. The Cluj Metropolitan Area is located in Cluj County, the north-western development region of Romania. The strategic option of polycentric territorial development was adopted on the basis of the principles outlined in the NDP (National Development Plan)- on spatial development at regional level. This involves supporting development processes within urban growth pole. The associative structure at the Cluj Metropolitan Area (CMA) was formed at the end of 2008, continuing the efforts to establish a metropolitan area with economic specificity, initiated by Cluj County Council in 2006. Communes included in Cluj Metropolitan Area are also part of different micro-regional associations with relatively homogeneous characteristics. These associations were formed at the initiative of city halls and they have legal personality. Key words: Cluj Metropolitan Area, peri-urban refuge, urban space, rural space, development strategy. INTRODUCTION The city of the future must be an intelligent one, mostly named smart city, whose development is based on the exploitation of intellectual capital towards education/self-education, innovation and economic development among environment-friendly sectors of activity. Nicolae BACIU, Gheorghe ROŞIAN, Octavian-Liviu MUNTEAN, Vlad MĂCICĂŞAN, Viorel ARGHIUŞ, Radu MIHĂIESCU More specifically, municipal development should be based on high quality drinking water resources, appropriate waste management, improved air quality and appropriate hazard and risk management in order to maintain a clean and safe living environment.
    [Show full text]
  • Heritage, Landscape and Conflict Archaeology
    THE EDGE OF EUROPE: HERITAGE, LANDSCAPE AND CONFLICT ARCHAEOLOGY by ROXANA-TALIDA ROMAN A thesis submitted to the University of Birmingham for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Department of Classics, Ancient History and Archaeology School of History and Cultures College of Arts and Law University of Birmingham May 2019 University of Birmingham Research Archive e-theses repository This unpublished thesis/dissertation is copyright of the author and/or third parties. The intellectual property rights of the author or third parties in respect of this work are as defined by The Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 or as modified by any successor legislation. Any use made of information contained in this thesis/dissertation must be in accordance with that legislation and must be properly acknowledged. Further distribution or reproduction in any format is prohibited without the permission of the copyright holder. ABSTRACT The research presented in this thesis addresses the significance of Romanian WWI sites as places of remembrance and heritage, by exploring the case of Maramureș against the standards of national and international heritage standards. The work provided the first ever survey of WWI sites on the Eastern Front, showing that the Prislop Pass conflictual landscape holds undeniable national and international heritage value both in terms of physical preservation and in terms of mapping on the memorial-historical record. The war sites demonstrate heritage and remembrance value by meeting heritage criteria on account of their preservation state, rarity, authenticity, research potential, the embedded war knowledge and their historical-memorial functions. The results of the research established that the war sites not only satisfy heritage legal requirements at various scales but are also endangered.
    [Show full text]
  • The History of Transylvania and the Transylvanian
    Transylvania Online THE HISTORY OF TRANSYLVANIA AND THE TRANSYLVANIAN SAXONS by Dr. Konrad Gündisch, Oldenburg, Germany Contents: 1. The Region: Land and People 1.1. Geography 1.2. Population and Ancient History 1.2.1. Prehistoric Era 1.2.2. Dacians and Romans 1.2.3. Period of Mass Folk Migrations 1.2.4 Integration into the Medieval Hungarian kingdom 2. The Migration and Settlement of the Transylvanian Saxons 2.1. The Hungarian Crown of King Stephen as "Host" 2.2. Origin of the Transylvanian Saxons 2.3. Progression of the Settlements 2.3.1. Beginning 2.3.2. Stages of Colonization 2.3.2.1. The Teutonic Knights in the Burzenland (Tara Bârsei) 2.3.3. Privileges 3. Political History and Economic Development During the Middle Ages 4. Early Recent History: Autonomous Principality Transylvania 5. Province of the Hapsburg Empire 6. Part of the Kingdom of Greater Romania 7. Under Communist Rule Centuries of History Fading "Siebenbürgen und die Siebenbürger Sachsen" was written in German by Dr. Konrad Gündisch, Oldenburg, Germany. The English translation "Transylvania and the Transylvanian Saxons" was written by Georg Schuller, Edmonton, Canada. 1. The Region: Land and People 1.1. Geography Atlantean and satellite maps of eastern Europe show the topography of Transylvania as a clearly definable geographic region. It is comparable with a natural fortress, a mountainous region almost completely barrier-like enclosed by the East and South Carpathians and the Transylvanian West Mountains, sheltering the Transylvanian Depression in the centre. This Transylvanian Basin or Plateau is partitioned by three rivers, the Mures, Olsul and Somesu (Mieresch, Alt/Olt, Somesch), all tributaries of the Danube.
    [Show full text]
  • Considerations Regarding the Emergence, Evolution and Development of Daco-Roman Law and the Law of the Romanian Countries Until the 19Th Century
    Journal of Law and Administrative Sciences No.13/2020 CONSIDERATIONS REGARDING THE EMERGENCE, EVOLUTION AND DEVELOPMENT OF DACO-ROMAN LAW AND THE LAW OF THE ROMANIAN COUNTRIES UNTIL THE 19TH CENTURY Associate Professor Mihail NIEMESCH, PhD. ”Titu Maiorescu” University, Romania [email protected] Abstract Romanian law is part of the family of Romano-Germanic law, right from the beginning of its appearance, motivated by a first circumstance according to which the Daco-Roman populations, after the conquest of Dacia by the Roman Empire, applied in parallel both the local legal customs and general principles of Roman law. During the Roman conquest, an important dimension of public administration in Dacia, a Roman province, was concerned with the legal norms of Roman and local law. Roman law appears in this province in the form of civil law and gentile law, the law applied in Roman Dacia having a statutory character, in the sense that each category of persons had a well-defined legal status. In the Wallachia, Moldova and Muntenia, a new stage of codification of legal norms appears, the sources of inspiration being especially the French, Italian, Swiss legislations, etc. Keywords: Roman Law, The law of the land, Ordinary law Introduction We can definitely speak of a Romanian law, in the classical sense of the notion, once with the formation of the Romanian Principalities. Equally valid is the fact that until the historical moment of great significance for the Romanian nation, the Union of 1859, there were three "Romanian Countries", mostly populated by Romanians and where Romanian traditions and customary rules influenced the evolution and development of these state formations.
    [Show full text]
  • CSV Concesionata Adresa Tel. Contact Adresa E-Mail Medic Veterinar
    CSV Adresa Tel. Contact Adresa e‐mail Medic veterinar Concesionata Loc. Aghiresu nr. 452 A, Dr. Muresan 1 Aghiresu 0731‐047101 [email protected] com. Agiresu Mircea 2 Aiton Loc. Aiton nr. 12 0752‐020920 [email protected] Dr. Revnic Cristian 3 Alunis Loc. Alunis nr. 85 0744‐913800 [email protected] Dr. Iftimia Bobita Loc. Apahida 4 Apahida 0742‐218295 [email protected] Dr. Pop Carmen str. Libertatii nr. 124 Loc. Aschileu Mare nr. florinanicoletahategan 5 Aschileu 0766‐432185 Dr. Chetan Vasile 274, com. Aschileu @yahoo.com Loc. Baciu 6 Baciu 0745‐759920 [email protected] Dr. Agache Cristian str. Magnoliei nr. 8 0754‐022302 7 Baisoara ‐ Valea Ierii Loc. Baisoara nr. 15 [email protected] Dr. Buha Ovidiu 0745‐343736 Loc. Bobalna nr. 35, 8 Bobalna 0744‐763210 [email protected] Dr. Budu Florin com. Bobalna moldovan_cristianaurelian Dr. Moldovan 9 Borsa Loc. Borsa nr. 105 0744‐270363 @yahoo.com Cristian 10 Buza Loc. Buza nr. 58A 0740‐085889 [email protected] Dr. Baciu Horea 11 Caian Loc. Caianu Mic nr. 18 0745‐374055 [email protected] Dr. Tibi Melitoiu Loc. Calarasi nr. 478A, 12 Calarasi 0745‐615158 [email protected] Dr. Popa Aurel com. Calarasi. 13 Calatele ‐ Belis Loc. Calatele nr. 2 0753‐260020 Dr. Gansca Ioan 14 Camaras Loc. Camaras nr.124 0744‐700571 [email protected] Dr. Ilea Eugen Loc. Campia Turzii Dr. Margineanu 15 Campia Turzii 0744‐667309 [email protected] str. Parcului nr. 7 Calin Loc. Capus str. 16 Capus 0744‐986002 [email protected] Dr. Bodea Radu Principala nr. 59 17 Caseiu Loc.
    [Show full text]
  • Salt Dissolution Potential Estimated from Two-Dimensional Vertical Thermohaline Flow and Transport Modeling Along a Transylvanian Salt Diapir, Romania
    Hydrogeology Journal https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-018-1912-1 PAPER Salt dissolution potential estimated from two-dimensional vertical thermohaline flow and transport modeling along a Transylvanian salt diapir, Romania Eric Zechner1 & Horst Dresmann1 & Marius Mocuţa2 & Alex Danchiv2 & Peter Huggenberger1 & Stefan Scheidler1 & Stefan Wiesmeier1 & Iulian Popa2 & Alexandru Zlibut2 Received: 27 March 2018 /Accepted: 6 December 2018 # The Author(s) 2019 Abstract The presented study explores the salt dissolution potential of fluids around a salt diapir in the Transylvanian town of Ocna Mures, Romania, which is facing land-collapse hazards related to salt mining activities. A structural three-dimensional (3D) model of the salt diapir, the adjacent basin sediments, and the mining galleries was developed based on existing maps, borehole data, own field observations, and geological publications of the Transylvanian Basin. The salt dissolution potential was estimated from 2D vertical thermohaline flow and transport model scenarios along the southeastern flank of the diapir. Results showed that the following factors increase the salt dissolution capacity along the upper 180 m of the diapir: (1) the presence of more permeable Quaternary alluvial sediments in connection with a fault zone of higher permeability along the diapir, and (2) the presence of more permeable sandstone units within the Miocene sediments in the east of the diapir, which provide freshwater access to the upper parts of the diapir. Thermohaline simulation with viscosity variation of the fluid, instead of a constant viscosity, influences the resulting salt fluxes by up to 50% within studied temperature ranges of 10–60 °C in the model domain. The range of theoretical dissolution rates along the upper 180 m of the diapir supports the hypothesis that cavern collapse is more likely to occur where cavern side walls have already been mined to almost no remaining side walls of rock salt, which is the case in the southeastern part of the diapir.
    [Show full text]
  • Frontiers of Romania: Nationalism and the Ideological Space of the Roman Limes
    Print: ISBN 978-1-78491-763-0 Online: ISSN 2531-8810 EX NOVO Journal of Archaeology, Volume 2, December 2017: 63-83 63 Published Online: Dec 2017 Frontiers of Romania: Nationalism and the Ideological Space of the Roman Limes Emily R. Hanscam Dept. of Archaeology, Durham University Abstract Modern Romania is a nation-state containing space which has long been considered marginal - first as part of the Roman Empire and now within the European Union. The national narrative of Romania highlights this liminality, focusing on the interactions between the Romans and the local Dacians on the northeastern border regions of the Empire. Romania still contains significant material remnants of the Iron Age, including the Roman Limes, a series of fortifications on the Danube River meant to protect the Roman borders. As such, the archaeological tradition of this geographic space is heavily entangled with Romania’s identity as a frontier region. This paper outlines the formation of Romanian national space, focusing on the period between the seventeenth century and 1918. It considers the relationship between the materiality of the Roman Limes and ideological frontiers in Romania, examining the role of archaeology in the sustainment of the Romanian nation space. Keywords: Romania, Frontiers, Roman Limes, Ideological Space, Nationalism Introduction The foundation of the Romanian nation-state in the nineteenth century was a declaration that the intellectual elite of southeast Europe chose to orient themselves towards the West rather than the Ottoman East. Romania (Figs. 1, 2) achieved international recognition of political sovereignty in 1881, escaping subjugation by the Austro-Hungarian Empire and the Russian Empire as well as the Ottomans.
    [Show full text]
  • Salt Dissolution Potential Estimated from Two-Dimensional Vertical Thermohaline Flow and Transport Modeling Along a Transylvanian Salt Diapir, Romania
    Hydrogeology Journal (2019) 27:1245–1256 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-018-1912-1 PAPER Salt dissolution potential estimated from two-dimensional vertical thermohaline flow and transport modeling along a Transylvanian salt diapir, Romania Eric Zechner1 & Horst Dresmann1 & Marius Mocuţa2 & Alex Danchiv2 & Peter Huggenberger1 & Stefan Scheidler1 & Stefan Wiesmeier1 & Iulian Popa2 & Alexandru Zlibut2 Received: 27 March 2018 /Accepted: 6 December 2018 /Published online: 14 January 2019 # The Author(s) 2019 Abstract The presented study explores the salt dissolution potential of fluids around a salt diapir in the Transylvanian town of Ocna Mures, Romania, which is facing land-collapse hazards related to salt mining activities. A structural three-dimensional (3D) model of the salt diapir, the adjacent basin sediments, and the mining galleries was developed based on existing maps, borehole data, own field observations, and geological publications of the Transylvanian Basin. The salt dissolution potential was estimated from 2D vertical thermohaline flow and transport model scenarios along the southeastern flank of the diapir. Results showed that the following factors increase the salt dissolution capacity along the upper 180 m of the diapir: (1) the presence of more permeable Quaternary alluvial sediments in connection with a fault zone of higher permeability along the diapir, and (2) the presence of more permeable sandstone units within the Miocene sediments in the east of the diapir, which provide freshwater access to the upper parts of the diapir. Thermohaline simulation with viscosity variation of the fluid, instead of a constant viscosity, influences the resulting salt fluxes by up to 50% within studied temperature ranges of 10–60 °C in the model domain.
    [Show full text]
  • Constructing Ethnic Identity in Transylvania Through Humour
    ACTA UNIVERSITATIS SAPIENTIAE, PHILOLOGICA, 12, 2 (2020) 144–163 DOI: 10.2478/ausp-2020-0018 Constructing Ethnic Identity in Transylvania through Humour Noémi TUDOR Transilvania University of Braşov (Romania) Department of Theoretical and Applied Linguistics noemi .tudor@unitbv .ro Abstract. In this paper, I put forward a comparative/contrastive analysis of ethnic identity on the basis of humorous texts about Romanians and Hungarians living in Romania within the framework of the Script-Based Semantic Theory of Humour (SSTH). The corpus contains fifty jokes taken from websites and social media, books and recordings in which the Romanians are at the centre and the Hungarians are the butt and vice versa . The overall purpose of the study is to illustrate the main topics and stereotypes used in ethnic jokes. In this research, I will show that Romanians and Hungarians joke about similar topics, the most common ones being the “ownership” of Transylvania, rejection of the other, and language distortion but also friendship among Hungarians and Romanians . I also conclude that stereotypes can be attributed to one ethnic group, but there are also shared stereotypes, and some of them can switch from one group to the other depending on the perspective . Keywords: ethnicity, humour, identity, stereotypes, Transylvania Introduction In this paper, I aim to analyse jokes about Hungarians and Romanians, focusing on the ethnic relation they share . The main hypothesis is that ethnic jokes are a reflection of social relations national minorities share with the majority population of a country and vice versa . Thus, I am going to identify the main topics the ethnic jokes evoke and the stereotypes included .
    [Show full text]
  • Christian Church8
    www.ssoar.info From periphery to centre: the image of Europe at the Eastern Border of Europe Şipoş, Sorin (Ed.); Moisa, Gabriel (Ed.); Cepraga, Dan Octavian (Ed.); Brie, Mircea (Ed.); Mateoc, Teodor (Ed.) Veröffentlichungsversion / Published Version Konferenzband / collection Empfohlene Zitierung / Suggested Citation: Şipoş, S., Moisa, G., Cepraga, D. O., Brie, M., & Mateoc, T. (Eds.). (2014). From periphery to centre: the image of Europe at the Eastern Border of Europe. Cluj-Napoca: Ed. Acad. Română. https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168- ssoar-400284 Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Dieser Text wird unter einer CC BY Lizenz (Namensnennung) zur This document is made available under a CC BY Licence Verfügung gestellt. Nähere Auskünfte zu den CC-Lizenzen finden (Attribution). For more Information see: Sie hier: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.de Edited by: Sorin §ipo§, Gabriel Moisa, Dan Octavian Cepraga, Mircea Brie, Teodor Mateoc From Periphery to Centre. The Image of Europe at the Eastern Border of Europe Editorial committee: Delia-Maria Radu Roxana Iva^ca Alexandra Bere IonuJ Ciorba Romanian Academy Center for Transylvanian Studies Cluj-Napoca 2014 Descrierea CIP a Bibliotecii Nationale a României From periphery to centre : the image of Europe at the Eastern border of Europe/ Sorin Çipoç, Gabriel Moisa, Dan Octavian Cepraga, Mircea Brie (ed.). - Cluj-Napoca : Editura Academia Românâ. Centrul de Studii Transilvane, 2014 ISBN 978-973-7784-97-1 I. Çipoç, Sorin (ed.) II. Moisa, Gabriel (ed.) III. Cepraga, Dan Octavian (ed.) IV. Brie, Mircea (ed.) 930 Volume published with the support of Bihor County Council The volume gathers the papers presented at the international symposium From Periphery to Centre.
    [Show full text]