ICUS XXIV Scientific Solutions to the Earth’S Environmental Challenges

ICUS XXIV Scientific Solutions to the Earth’s Environmental Challenges

International Conference on the Unity of the Sciences

Lotte Hotel World, Seoul, Korea February 22–24, 2018 ICUS XXIV

Contents

Sponsor: Hyo Jeong International Foundation for the Unity of the Sciences (HJIFUS) 3 Welcome Letter

Respected ICUS XXIV Participants,

On behalf of the ICUS XXIV Organizing Committee and the Hyo Jeong International Foundation for the Unity of the Sciences (HJIFUS), we warmly welcome you to the Twenty-Fourth International Conference on the Unity of the Sciences.

Over the course of human history, scientific and technological developments have benefited nearly every field of human endeavor, greatly enhancing the quality of our lives. At the same time, in using the tools of science and technology, unforeseen side effects have led to detrimental consequences for ourselves and our natural environment. In response, ICUS XXIV is part of a dedicated effort by HJIFUS to identify and advance scientific solutions to these problems.

The ICUS series was initiated in 1972 by the Reverend Dr. Sun Myung Moon and Dr. Hak Ja Han Moon, at a time when scientists concentrated mainly on their own specializations. In that context, for nearly 30 years, ICUS demonstrated its commitment to promoting the unity of the sciences guided by absolute values, drawing together accomplished scientists from multiple disciplines and locales to tackle the pressing issues of our time.

In recent years, as environmental problems have been growing to crisis proportions, Dr. Hak Ja Han Moon oriented the focus of ICUS toward addressing these challenges, beginning with ICUS XXIII held in February 2017. Even as we acknowledge that political, legal, economic, and social approaches are needed, it is our view that the foundational solutions will emerge through scientiﬁc approaches.

This year’s conference, with the theme “Scientiﬁc Solutions to the Earth’s Environmental Challenges,” is designed to delve into some of the issues more deeply and systematically. It will identify and characterize the problems, and examine fresh ideas and approaches that could lead to long-term solutions in the areas of climate change, energy resources, food and toxins, and waste management.

We at HJIFUS hope that you ﬁnd this conference valuable and stimulating, as you share your wisdom, experience, and innovative technologies, and continue with collaborative efforts that endure beyond this meeting. We regard ICUS XXIV as laying a foundation in our commitment toward building a sustainable future that beneﬁts our planet and all humankind.

Once again, welcome!

Dr. Douglas D.M. Joo Chairman, Organizing Committee ICUS XXIV Chairman, HJIFUS 4 Schedule

Scientiﬁc Solutions to the Earth’s Environmental Challenges

THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 22, 2018 12:00 NOON Registration (Tour Lounge, 2F) 6:30 PM Welcoming Reception (Crystal Grand Ballroom, 3F)

FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 23, 2018 7:00 AM Breakfast (Ruby & Jade, 3F) 9:00 AM OPENING PLENARY SESSION (Emerald, 3F) Welcoming Remarks by Organizing Committee Chair Congratulatory Address by Dr. Kim Eunkyung, Minister of Environment, Republic of Korea Founder’s Address by Dr. Hak Ja Han Moon 10:00 AM SESSION ONE | Restoring Our Planetary Health (Emerald, 3F) Presentation 1: Diagnosis of the Earth’s Environmental Ailments: Framing science and policy for global sustainability Comment Presentation 2: Remedies to Heal the Planet: Sustainable bioenergy strategies as a framework for addressing other planetary stressors Comment Discussion for Session One 12:00 NOON Lunch (Ruby & Jade, 3F) 1:30 PM SESSION TWO | Moving Toward a Sustainable Future (Emerald, 3F) Presentation 1: Pulling Back from the Climate Change Precipice Comment Presentation 2: Energy for the Twenty-First Century Comment Discussion for Session Two 4:00 PM Poster Session, Book Display, Open Discussion Period (Ruby & Jade, 3F) 5:45 PM Video Presentation, Reﬂection, Dinner, Little Angels Performance (Blue Room & Grand Hall, The Little Angels)

SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 24, 2018 7:00 AM Breakfast (Ruby & Jade, 3F) 9:00 AM SESSION THREE | Realizing Full Value from Our Resources (Emerald, 3F) Presentation 1: Toxic Factors of Our Environment: Impact on Health and Our Future Comment Presentation 2: Waste not the Wastes Comment Discussion for Session Three 11:30 AM CLOSING PLENARY SESSION (Emerald, 3F) Reports from three Session Chairs Conference Chairman’s Closing Remarks 12 NOON Lunch (Ruby & Jade, 3F) Departures 5 Session One

Restoring Our Planetary Health dvances in science and technology have beneﬁted practically every facet of human life, yet far too often at the expense of the natural environment, including degradation of the quality of air, water, and soil, reduction of biodiversity, disruption A of weather patterns, and the spread of toxins. Session One will apply two different models to contextualize and characterize Earth’s environmental challenges and possible solutions to them. One model, centered on the concept of “Planetary Boundaries,” comes from the realm of global biogeochemistry. The other offersa well-developed and comprehensive strategy for developing the capacity to sustainably produce biofuels as a model for how the collaborative efforts of science and engineering can lead to sustainable solutions to a range of environmental problems. Session One Chair: Michael Stenstrom, PhD, PE, University of California, Los Angeles, USA Distinguished Professor, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, UCLA. Board Certiﬁed Environmental Engineer, with active status in the American Academy of Environmental Engineers and Scientists. Specialization in water supply and wastewater treatment. Research and teaching emphasis on biological treatment methods and applications of computing technologies to environmental engineering research. Recipient of many awards, including the AEESP Frederick George Pohland Medal (2013), CASQA Best BMP Award (with Boeing and Geosyntec, 2013), and the Harrison Prescott Eddy Award (1992, 2014) from the Water Environment Federation.

Presentation 1: Diagnosis of the Earth's Environmental Ailments: Framing the science and policy of global sustainability Speaker: Mario Molina, PhD, University of California, San Diego, USA Distinguished Professor in the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and jointly in the Scripps Institution of Oceanography. Director of Centro Mario Molina, Mexico City, which focuses particularly on climate change and air quality. Received 1995 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for predicting the depletion of the ozone layer as a direct consequence of the emissions of chloroﬂuorocarbon (CFC) gases. Former scientiﬁc adviser to U.S. Presidents William Clinton and Barack Obama. Is a member of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences, U.S. Institute of Medicine, the National College of Mexico, Mexican Academy of Science and the Mexican Academy of Engineering. Commentator: Soon-Chang Yoon, PhD, Chair, National Committee of Future Earth, Korea Vice President for External Relations, The Korean Academy of Science and Technology (KAST). Emeritus Professor of Atmospheric Sciences, Seoul National University with research interests in atmospheric aerosols and their impact on regional climate, the long-range transport of air pollutants, and numerical modeling of Asian dust. President Emeritus, the Korean Meteorological Society. Awards include: Red Stripe Order of Service Merit by the President of Korea, and Woonjae Academic Medal, the highest academic award of the Korean Meteorological Society.

Presentation 2: Remedies to Heal the Planet: Sustainable bioenergy strategies as a framework for addressing other planetary stressors Speaker: David R. Shonnard, PhD, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, USA Professor of Chemical Engineering; Richard and Bonnie Robbins Chair in Sustainable Materials; Director, Sustainable Futures Institute. Co-author of the textbook: Sustainable Engineering: An Introduction to Sustainability. Teaching interests are in chemical engineering transport/unit operations, advanced transport phenomena, biochemical processes, green engineering, and sustainable engineering. Research interests are in the areas of sustainability of the chemical industry, environmental life-cycle assessments, environmental transport processes, and forest-based biofuel process technology development. The Sustainable Futures Institute (SFI) is an incubator for research, education and outreach efforts related to sustainability. Commentator: Shigeru Tabeta, PhD, The University of Tokyo, Japan Professor of Engineering, Marine Environment Systems Lab, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences. Fields of specialty include Marine Environmental Engineering, Environmental Impact Assessment, and Ecosystem Modeling. Has held visiting research fellow positions at Delft University of Technology, the Netherlands; University of Sydney, Australia, and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA. Chair, since 2006, Research Committee for the Marine Environmental Model for East Asia of The Japan Society of Naval Architects and Ocean Engineers (JASNAOE). Research grants and projects have included “Environmental Assessment for Ocean Utilization Technologies” and “Environmental restoration for the coastal zone.” 6 Session Two

Moving Toward a Sustainable Future he phenomenon of climate change is of great concern because it interfaces with nearly every aspect of the environment, from shifting weather patterns and risingsea levels to the shrinking of ice sheets and snow cover and modiﬁcation of plant and Tanimal ranges. Furthermore, it has broad impacts on human society, including health, water supply, agriculture, transportation, and energy production. Session Two will analyze various factors related to climate change and examine strategies for mitigation and adaptation. Furthermore, it will look at innovative renewable energy technologies that make it feasible to shift away from burning fossil fuels, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and combat climate change. Session Two Chair: Suzana Kahn, PhD, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Associate Professor of Engineering, Alberto Luiz Coimbra Institute of Graduate Studies and Research in Engineering. Has served in government as the National Secretary of Climate Change and Environmental Quality at the Brazilian Ministry of the Environment, as Green Economy Sub-Secretary of the Rio de Janeiro State Secretariat of the Environment, and as Executive Coordinator of the Fundo Verde (“Green Fund”) in Brazil. International responsibilities have included Vice Chair of the IPCC — Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change — Mitigation Working Group III.

Presentation 1: Pulling Back from the Climate Change Precipice Speaker: Richard B. Rood, PhD, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA Professor in the Department of Climate and Space Sciences and Engineering and in the School for Environment and Sustainability; Dow Sustainability Distinguished Faculty Fellow, Graham Sustainability Institute, University of Michigan. Teaches courses on climate change and its interface with society. Conducts multi-disciplinary research with a focus on climate change and includes interaction of atmospheric dynamics and chemistry, computational ﬂuid dynamics, climate and chemical data assimilation, and process-based analysis of models and observations. Recipient of many awards, including the World Meteorological Organization’s Norbert Gerbier-Mumm International Award and the NASA Outstanding Leadership Medal. Commentator: Brian von Herzen, PhD, Executive Director, The Climate Foundation, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, USA Founded the Climate Foundation in order to ﬁnd sustainable solutions to carbon balance through a deep understanding of natural processes and how to restore them. Work has included restoring global primary productivity, cooling coral reefs, turning human waste biomass into biochar, and creating grid-scale energy storage systems. Led the Discovery Channel Project Earth documentary titled “Hungry Oceans,” and created the startup company, TinyHerds, which has developed a non-traditional protein source based on an automated cricket ranching technology.

Presentation 2: Energy for the Twenty-First Century Speaker: Nasir El Bassam, PhD, Director, International Research Centre for Renewable Energy (IFEED), Sievershausen, Germany Branches at the Manav Institute of Technology, Hisar, India, and in Columbus, Ohio, USA. Promotes the development of Concentrated Solar Thermal Power (CSP)in cooperation with German Aerospace Centre (DLR) and German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature and Nuclear Safety, Berlin, EU and FAO, UN. Research interests: poverty eradication; implementing Solar Desert Oases; integrating and applying all renewable energy resources available in various regions for electricity, water and food supply; and developing renewable energy management strategies. Commentator: Thomas F. Valone, PhD, PE, Founder and President, Integrity Research Institute, Beltsville, Maryland, USA Physicist and licensed professional engineer, former patent examiner, research engineer, instrumentation designer, CEO, and currently an author, lecturer, and consultant on future energy developments. Inventor of two bioelectric therapy devices and several instruments, which are still on the market today. Editor of works including Turning the Corner: Energy Solutions for the 21st Century. Author of works including Nikola Tesla’s Electricity Unplugged, Zero Point Energy: The Fuel of the Future, Harnessing the Wheelwork of Nature, and The Homopolar Handbook. 7 Session Three

Realizing Full Value from Our Resources ver the last sixty years, there has been a massive transformation of agricultural practices around the globe, dramatically increasing the production and availability of food. These gains, however, have been accompanied by unprecedented costs. O The excessive use of artiﬁcial herbicides, pesticides, hormones, andother toxic additives has led to the contamination of our food and water supplies, compromising our immune systems and making us vulnerable to new epidemics. At the same time, our health is threatened by the wastes we generate and our disposal techniques. Session Three will examine pioneering approaches to dealing with the relationships between human health and environmental toxins, as well as how we treat and manage wastes. Session Three Chair: Yoshiyuki Amemiya, PhD, The University of Tokyo, Japan Specially-Appointed Professor and former dean, the Department of Advanced Materials Science, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences. Has been conducting research on the development and applications of X rays, and the development of instruments and techniques to produce X-ray free electrons to apply to soft materials. Has authored more than 200 scientiﬁc articles and coauthored 11 textbooks. Active in the Japanese Society for Synchrotron Radiation Research, The Crystallographic Society of Japan, The Japanese Society of Applied Physics, and the Biophysical Society of Japan.

Presentation 1: Toxic Factors of Our Environment: Impact on Health and Our Future Speaker: Luc Montagnier, PhD, Founder and Director, Fondation Luc Montagnier, France/USA Professor Emeritus of Institut Pasteur. Received the 2008 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his contribution to the discovery of HIV, the virus that causes AIDS. Has served as president of the Administrative Council of the European Federation for AIDS Research. In recent years, has extended his research objectives to the infectious origins of several chronic diseases, including cancer, Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases, autism, and Lyme disease. Is also concerned about how recent environmental changes could be involved in these diseases. Commentator: Xin Gen Lei, PhD, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA Professor and Faculty Fellow, Cornell Institute for Food Systems and also Atkinson Center for a Sustainable Future; Faculty of Animal Science. Received 2017 New Frontiers in Animal Nutrition Award from the Federation of Animal Science Societies and the American Feed Industry Association. Research includes: functional genomics of selenium and antioxidant enzymes in diabetes, obesity, and fatty liver; development of feed protein of defatted microalgae from biofuel production; enrichment of omega-3 fatty acids in chicken and eggs; biofortiﬁcation of staple crops.

Presentation 2: Waste not the Wastes Speaker: Margaret Bates, PhD, University of Northampton, Northampton, UK Professor of Sustainable Wastes Management. Immediate past president, the Chartered Institution of Wastes Management (CIWM), a professional body for the waste management industry with more than 5000 members. Has launched in Africa the WEEE (Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment) revolution. Has travelled the world looking at waste issues and has advised governments, businesses and NGOs on sustainable resource and waste management. Reviewer for Waste Management Journal, Conservation and Recycling, Science of the Total Environment, and Chemical Speciation and Bioavailability. Commentator: Hang-Sik Shin, PhD, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejon, South Korea Professor Emeritus of Civil and Environmental Engineering. President, Korean Society of Environmental Engineers. Founding Director, Environmental Engineering Research Laboratory (EERL) at KAIST, which since 1984 has researched various technologies for treating polluted water, wastewater, and solid wastes by biological approaches. Main research ﬁelds are anaerobic, aerobic, and membrane biotechnology. In the ﬁeld of anaerobic treatment, a novel process for methane/hydrogen production and wastewater/solid waste treatment has been developed. In other areas, new technologies such as nitrogen and phosphorous removal, submerged membrane bioreactor, and process automation are being studied. 8

ICUS Founders and the Hyo Jeong International Foundation for the Unity of the Sciences

Dr. Sun Myung Moon and Dr. Hak Ja Han Moon greet a participant at ICUS IV, New York, 1975.

he Reverend Dr. Sun Myung Moon and Dr. Hak Ja Han and cultures, these organizations have been working to realize Moon began life together in Holy Marriage in 1960. a world of coexistence, co-prosperity, and common cause. T As a couple, they based their life on the understanding While advancing these ideals, the founders recognized that the family is the school of love and that all of humanity the need to resolve three core arenas of disorder in the world: is one extended family, with God as our common Parent. communism, religious conflict, and the breakdown of the family. They wholeheartedly dedicated themselves to teaching Based on their first-hand experiences in war-torn Korea, they and practicing the way of true love and working to create saw that the militant atheism and class warfare advocated by a peaceful world. Faithful to their inner, divine call, they communist forces had led to unspeakable atrocities and came to embody the philosophy of living for the sake of suffering of millions around the world. In response, they built others, realizing their destiny as True Parents of humankind. ideological and educational institutions that challenged these They found that joyfully living for others defines God’s forces and contributed significantly toward ending the Cold War. investment at the time of creation, and it is also the secret Likewise, they tackled head-on the dark history of conflicts to resolving conflict and ending suffering in the world. between segments of the religious world. By their example and Working side by side for more than 50 years, they sacrifice, they pioneered an ever-expanding federation of top founded and developed a vast array of organizations devoted religious leaders working together in all parts of the world to to establishing peace, including the Family Federation for foster a new era of religious harmony and communion among World Peace and Unification (FFWPU), the Women’s Federation believers from all faiths. for World Peace (WFWP), the Youth Federation for World Peace At the same time, they recognized that science is a (YFWP), the Professors World Peace Academy (PWPA), and the necessary component in the pursuit of human happiness and Universal Peace Federation (UPF). In addition, they established progress. In 1972, they founded the International Conference on international institutions that involve the media, education, the Unity of the Sciences (ICUS). Based on their comprehensive industry, sports, the arts, and humanitarian projects. Guided by vision, ICUS conferences have brought together scientists and principles that transcend differences between races, religions, scholars from diverse disciplines of the natural sciences, social 9

The purpose of science is to realize people’s dreams. In the past, however, even when science made great strides, because of national and racial barriers, these advances could not always be used to better the lives of all humankind … Many scientists with a strong sense of mission fought against the unrighteous forces that ignored the original purpose of science. There may also have been a few who forgot the spirit of serving humankind, becoming too involved in their own immediate interests. Nonetheless, the basic attitude of most scientists is to contribute to the peace and prosperity of all people. — Dr. Sun Myung Moon, ICUS I. November 26, 1972. New York, USA

God creates using a circular principle that allows all creatures to exist and have permanence. But human beings disturbed this principle, resulting in God’s beautiful earth suffering from fatigue as it does today. Also, human history has been one of unending war. Those who have, fight to gain more…. All creatures are made sick by people filled with such egoism and selfish thoughts. We must act in harmony with God’s original dream for our planet. We would be free of pollution today if we followed God’s circular principle and the orderly flow in nature by which God created. — Dr. Hak Ja Han Moon, ICUS XXIII, February 4, 2017, Seoul, Korea

sciences, and the humanities to work collaboratively to address the urgent issues of our time, guided by absolute values — that is, values that lead to the benefit of humankind. After the ascension of Dr. Sun Myung Moon in 2012, Dr. Hak Ja Han Moon faithfully maintained these original projects with quiet strength and resolve. Additionally, she introduced many new initiatives, such as the Hyo Jeong World Peace Foundation (HJWPF), the International Association of Parliamentarians for Peace (IAPP), the Interreligious Association for Peace and Development (IAPD), and the Hyo Jeong International Foundation for the Unity of the Sciences (HJIFUS). Hyo Jeong means “filial heart”— indicating a heart of filial piety toward God. Dr. Moon converses with Dr. Morton Kaplan at ICUS IX in Miami. Among these organizations, HJIFUS was established as a nonprofit, nonpartisan, research and education foundation, with the mission of advancing scientific solutions for protecting and regenerating a healthy planet Earth that sustains all life. Its activities are being designed to include: research, evaluation, and support of theories, technologies, and applications necessary to restore the natural environment; conducting contests with merit-based awards; offering environment-related policy proposals to national governments and international organizations; and sponsoring conferences such as ICUS. HJIFUS intends to work in partnership with like-minded scientists, engineers, scholars, and organizations, so that all people can live in happiness with healthy food, clean air and Dr. Hak Ja Han Moon receives the gracious appreciation water, and stable, life-supporting environments. of Dr. Eugene Wigner at ICUS XI in Philadelphia. 10

A Brief History of ICUS

n 1972, the Reverend Dr. Sun Myung Moon and Dr. Hak Ja Han Moon convened the First International I Conference on the Unity of the Sciences (ICUS I) in New York City, with 20 participants from eight countries and diverse disciplines. From the first conference, chaired by Edward Haskell under the theme “Moral Orientation of the Sciences,” the ICUS founders sought to guide science toward greater internal oneness across disciplines, and toward working under the ideal of absolute values that would benefit humanity. Though the number of participants was relatively small, the conference produced serious and substantive scholarly output. On the foundation of this first meeting, great interest ICUS III, London, UK — Left to right: Dr. Kenneth Mellanby, in ICUS caused notable growth, in both participant Dr. Nobusige Sawada, Lord Edgar Adrian, and Dr. Sun Myung Moon. numbers and influence. By the time of ICUS II, held a year later in Tokyo, Japan, some of the world’s greatest scientists and scholars were in attendance and the number of participants had nearly tripled. Continuing as an annual conference, ICUS grew in participant numbers and excellence in scholarship, attracting increasing global interest and expanding the range of scientific disciplines involved in the work. Sessions and papers eventually came to range from neurophysiology to DNA research, and even to aesthetics and the social sciences. Conferences were held in thirteen major cities of the world, including London, Boston, San Francisco, and Seoul, and themes and topics began to carry over in successive conferences. In this way, areas of importance could be ICUS XIV, Houston, TX. Dr. Sun Myung Moon studied more extensively and at greater depth. More than with Nobel Laureate Eugene Wigner. 2000 scientists, including 30 Nobel laureates, maintained enduring work around topics such as integrative concepts in the sciences and the value dimensions of scientific research, while exploring such diverse topics as the ethics of gene manipulation, the ocean in human affairs, and organization and change in complex systems. This first era of ICUS, until the year 2000, produced enduring literature in the sciences, including published proceedings, 16 topical books and hundreds of refereed papers and articles of new research. Despite the diversity of topics covered, the common theme that spanned these conferences was pursuit of the basis for unified science, steered by absolute values. In addition, ICUS participants

ICUS XIV, Houston, TX. Dr Hak Ja Han Moon grew to discover themselves as family. with Chairman Kenneth Mellanby. By 2000, the ICUS founders happily noted that the 11

ICUS XIV, Houston, USA, 1985. Left to right: Dr. Kenneth Mellanby, Dr. Alvin Weinberg, and Dr. Sun Myung Moon.

concept and goals of ICUS had gained a foothold in the more commonplace. With that, between the years 2000 academy. The absolute value of serving the human good, and 2016, the ICUS founders turned their attention to other and the recognized need to work collaboratively across all pressing matters of conflict and suffering. Unfortunately, barriers of disciplines started to become widespread and those years saw a steep rise in threats to our human future from pollution and destruction of the environment. In response to these environmental challenges, ICUS co-founder Dr. Hak Ja Han Moon reconvened the ICUS series, orienting its mission toward protecting nature and helping regenerate a wholesome planet. The first conference of the new series, ICUS XXIII, was held in Seoul in February 2017 under the theme, “Earth’s Environmental Crisis and the Role of Science.” In this manner, ICUS is calling on the great scientists of our time to find effective ways to care for and ABOVE: Reverend and Mrs. Moon enjoy gifts of cowboy hats repair our planet, leading the way toward a beautifully BELOW: from the participants at ICUS XIV. ICUS XXIII participants healthy earth environment for future generations. attend tea with ICUS Founder, Dr. Hak Ja Han Moon. Seoul, 2017. 12 ICUS Chronology

ICUS I: Moral Orientation of the Sciences, New York, USA Chairman, Edward F. Haskell Quote from presenter Dr. Ulrich Sonneman, November 23, 1972 The traditional specialist studies mere parts of systems, so knows neither the causes nor the consequences of his [sic] subject. His [sic] work tends to produce unexpectedand usually harmful side effects for which [he] disclaims responsibility. This is clearly a moral problem. ICUS II: Modern Science and Moral Values, Tokyo, Japan Nobusige Sawada, Chairman’s Address, November 18, 1973 The issue of the knowledge necessary to sustain a proper balance is one closely related to the theme behind this conference, the unity of the sciences…. We should pursue our studies into the unity of the sciences in the form of an investigation into the unity of human knowledge, and that the unity of human knowledge must incorporate within it the unity of value consciousness and value systems. ICUS III: Science and Absolute Values, London, UK Lord Adrian, Chairman’s Address, November 21, 1974 Before we speak on more controversial issues, I must tell Dr. Moon … how much he has given us to consider, both about our professional calling as scientists and of our obligation as members of the human community.... Most of us … would applaud the knowledge our science has gained in the past, but would have to admit that it has done little to change our nature, and although it has enlarged our understanding of the universe in certain aspects, in doing so, it has given some of us the power to destroy the world or to enslave the majority of the human race. ICUS IV: The Centrality of Science and Absolute Values, New York, USA Robert S. Mulliken, Chairman’s Address, November 27, 1975 Why should we not regard the basic sciences as part of our cultural heritage? This viewpoint, rather popular in the Nineteenth century, would seem especially appropriate for this organization … doesn’t contemplation of the universe give us a better perspective on human affairs?… For values in general, including ethical and moral values, I believe . existing ethical values have developed, largely under the auspices of religious thought, by the profound meditation of wise men.... Once we can look at an optimal system, or much better, a variety of good systems … it should be easier to inculcate such values into the people through individual and family education. ICUS V: The Search for Absolute values: Harmony Among the Sciences, Washington, D.C., USA Sir John Eccles, Chairman’s Address, November 26, 1976 The cultural achievements of mankind bear witness to the search for absolute values that has motivated and inspired the great creative geniuses. It can be said that, absolute values have provided a guiding beacon light.Harmony among the sciences derives from their common metaphysical principles: namely that creative imagination is exercised in attempting to develop hypotheses that are in conformity with existing knowledge and that await challenge by new evidence discovered by research. Always the aim is to approach closer and closer to absolute truth. ICUS VI: The Search for Absolute values in a Changing World, San Francisco, USA Sir John Eccles Chairman’s Address, November 25, 1977 The title of this series of conferences “Unity ofthe Sciences” has an exemplary lineage! I personally believe that we are on the threshold of fundamental changes in physics that are required in order to come to terms with the most perplexing of all problems — the so-called brain-mind problem. A conceptual revolution is necessary, but its form and nature are as yet unsure. Nevertheless, it will result in science coming to be much more oriented … in creative imagination, in conceptual thought, in moral decisions and in rational argument. All these properties of the mysterious and wonderful ourselves. ICUS VII: The Re-evaluation of Existing Values and the Search for Absolute Values, Boston, USA Eugene P. Wigner, Chairman’s Address, November 24, 1978 The absence of a link between what we call natural sciences, physics, chemistry and so on, on one hand, and the sciences of life such as psychology on the other, the separation of these two kinds of disciplines, in my opinion the most powerful obstacle in the way of the efforts toward unity of the sciences. 13 ICUS VIII: The Responsibility of the Academic Community in the Search for Absolute Values, Los Angeles, USA Eugene P. Wigner, Chairman’s Address, November 22, 1979 The pleasure the pursuit of knowledge gives us, the cultivators of science, should be communicated to a much larger part of mankind [sic]. People can, and should, enjoy learning and communicating their knowledge to each other, by having these sorts of scientific discussions.... The fundamental emphasis on the problems of happiness intrigues and attracts me most. I am looking forward to extend my knowledge of many subjects but perhaps most to learning about the essence and perhaps the mode to acquire happiness. This for man [sic] is the most important subject. ICUS IX: Absolute Values and the Search for Peace of Mankind, Miami, USA Morton Kaplan, Chairman’s Address, November 27, 1980 We have among us world leading figures in virtually every line of human endeavor. Certainly one of the purposes of thisconference should be to shed important light upon important problems that face mankind. This will be increasingly the serious purpose of future conferences. ICUS X: The Search for Absolute Values and the Creation of the New World, Seoul, Korea Morton Kaplan, Chairman’s Address, November 9, 1981 The idea that science is factual and that values are merelypreferences is one of the most disastrous notions of the Twentieth century. Here, under the Founder’s vision, we attract people who are like minded … in that we recognize the intimate relationship between so-called facts and values. Both involve different aspects of human transactions with the world. Both are susceptible to scientific inquiry. ICUS XI: The Search for Absolute Values and the Creation of the New World, Philadelphia, USA Morton Kaplan, Chairman’s Address, November 25, 1982 Reverend Moon remains the same serene person he has always been — calm, confident, not concerned with his own welfare or future, but solely with the institutions he has been supporting, one of the most important of which is ICUS. ICUS XII: Absolute Values and the New Cultural Revolution, Chicago, USA Eugene P. Wigner, Chairman’s Address, November 24, 1983 Chairman: Eugene P. Wigner, Organizing Chairman: Morton A. Kaplan, Vice Chairman: Alvin M. Weinberg How could we make science more interesting? I think one of the ways is the one which is inherent in this meeting, namely, to bring unity to science, so that anybody who contributes to science knows that he or she contributes to a large world of knowledge, to unified knowledge, to an interesting knowledge. I hope that this idea to bring unity to the sciences, and to make life more interesting will be the recognized purpose worldwide. ICUS XIII: Absolute Values and the New Cultural Revolution, Washington, D.C., USA Kenneth Mellanby, Chairman’s Address, September 2, 1984 ICUS is perhaps the only conference able to assemble worldwide scholars and researchers from all disciplines, nations and faiths, with complete freedom of thought and expression. Our aim, though it is ambitious, must be to mobilize our resources of vision, intellect, imagination and integrity in the service of humankind. ICUS XIV: Absolute Values and the New Cultural Revolution, Houston, USA Kenneth Mellanby, Chairman’s Address, November 28, 1985 Perhaps scientists as scientists cannot speak of God, of religious purpose and intention.… As men and women, as human beings needing guidance and hope, we must all seek and be guided by absolute integrity, righteousness and moral teleological ends.... We are all seekers in one way or another. So I welcome wholeheartedly our Founder, Reverend Sun Myung Moon … his example, has given us an increased impetus for our work. It has given to all of us … a marvelous example of endurance, faith, tenacity of purpose, and a capacity for leadership. ICUS XV: Absolute Values and the New Cultural Revolution, Washington, D.C., USA Kenneth Mellanby, Chairman’s Address, November 27, 1986 Our difficulties can only be solved by scientific methods, properly used. We need more science, not less. But we need humane science, prompted by scientists who are humble and caring, who possess the vision that the Reverend Sun Myung Moon has stressed as the driving force of ICUS. 14 ICUS XVI: Absolute Values and the Reassessment of the Contemporary World, Atlanta, USA Alvin M. Weinberg, Chairman’s Address, November 26, 1987 Our search for the role of values in the scientific inquiry must therefore be carried on with renewed vigor. Indeed, as we consider the deep divisions that still exist in the world, all of us recognize that these divisions ultimately reflect conflict in underlying value systems. In so far as our search for values in science succeeds in identifying those values that transcend political division we shall be providing the basis or a universal value system that we hope will contribute to the creation of a better world.

ICUS XVII: Absolute Values and the Reassessment of the Contemporary World, Los Angeles, USA Alvin M. Weinberg, Chairman’s Address, November 24, 1988 We shall speak of evolution and ethnocentrism, of ecology and neurobiology, of modernization, and spirit and of nuclear war. The topics touch upon many of humankind’s most central problems and aspirations. That these questions are in some sense are intractable does not deter us at ICUS XVII anymore than it has deterred us in past ICUSes.

ICUS XVIII: Absolute Values and the Reassessment of the Contemporary World, Seoul, Korea Alvin M. Weinberg, Chairman’s Address, November 23, 1991 We shall once again address some of these unresolved issues — the weakening of the family, the risk of ethnic strife…, the problem of feeding the billions of humans who will be here by 2000. We will continue to seek clariﬁcation of our value systems and our perceptions of time, and we probe the limit of the roles science and religion can play in our quest for values.

ICUS XIX: Absolute Values and the New World Order, Seoul, Korea Tor Ragnar Gerholm, Chairman’s Address, August 19, 1992 All of these, seemingly diverse subjects, are interrelated and mutually dependent. In various ways they all reﬂect the emergence of a new world order. This is why we trulyneed an interdisciplinary and international forum to address these topics. This is why ICUS is necessary.

ICUSXX: Absolute Values and the Unity of the Sciences: The Origin and Human Responsibility, Seoul, Korea Tor Ragnar Gerholm, Chairman’s Address, August 21, 1995 Let us ponder the origin of the order that so beautifully manifests itself everywhere in nature and which in a seemingly spontaneous fashion emerges in the operations of a free society. Let us ask ourselves if we don’t, as scientists and scholars, have a special human responsibility for the maintenance of order in our natural environment as well as in our social and spiritual lives. Expressed in a secular language this is, I believe, what our Founder has kept telling us over and over again during the past twenty-three years.

ICUS XXI: Searching for Absolute Values and Unity in the Sciences: Science for the Benefit of Humanity, Washington, D.C., USA Tor Ragnar Gerholm, Chairman’s Address, August 24, 1997 Will scientific knowledge be, as (Francis) Bacon suggested, “for the benefit of life?” Are we, the “masters of nature,” behaving like benevolent gardeners or like mad sorcerers? This crucial question is intimately connected with the theme of the twenty-first ICUS: Science for the Benefit of Humanity.

ICUS XXII: Searching for Absolute Values and Unity in the Sciences: Science for the Beneﬁt of Humanity, Seoul, Korea Tor Ragnar Gerholm, Chairman’s Address, February 9, 2000 The most precious things in human life, ranging from love and family to universal peace and justice, cannot be attained by an individual alone. These goals can onlybe reached through concerted, united actions. Uniﬁcation requires a framework of commonly shared values. In the global village these values have to be universal.… They may well be called absolute. ICUS XXIII Earth’s Environmental Crisis and the Role of Science ICUS XXIII: Earth’s Environmental Crisis and the Role of Science, Seoul, Korea Douglas Joo, Chairman’s Closing Remarks, February 5, 2017 Thanks to you all, I believe we have shown successfully that science should take a leading role to respond International Conference on the Unity of the Sciences to the severe challenges facing the Earth’s environment, and as we have learned also, to protecting human Lotte Hotel World, Seoul, Korea February 4 – 5, 2017 health and engaging the unique demands that will accompany progress and growth. 15 ICUS XXIV ORGANIZING COMMITTEE

Dr. Douglas Joo Jin Choon Kim, PhD Chul Hee Han, PhD Chairman, Organizing Committee Professor, Sunhak Professor of Chemistry Chairman, HJIFUS Universal Peace Sun Moon University Graduate University

Jong Choon Woo, PhD Glenn C. Strait Dinshaw Dadachanji, PhD Shunsuke Uotani Professor of Forest Administrative Director Director of Research Secretary General Managemen HJIFUS HJIFUS UPF, Japan Kangwon University, Korea

ICUS XXIV STAFF KOREA: Sungwoog Hwang, Administrative Director, HJIFUS Korea USA: Debbie Robbins, Accounting Manager, HJIFUS JAPAN: Nobuyuki Iioka, Director, International Affairs, UPF, Japan;Seiichi Kikuya, Senior Adviser, UPF, Japan SPONSOR

Hyo Jeong International Foundation for the Unity of the Sciences (HJIFUS)

SUPPORTING ORGANIZATIONS

Segye Ilbo The Washington Times Foundation RELATED ORGANIZATIONS

Cheon Il Guk Academy Professors World Peace Academy of Arts and Sciences Hyo Jeong Academy Universal Peace Federation of Arts and Sciences Hyo Jeong World Peace Foundation Uniﬁcation Thought Institute International ICUS XXIV

WORLDWIDE OFFICES OF HJIFUS REPRESENTATIVES

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