DOCSLIB.ORG

CORNWALL CONSERVATION COMMISSION and TRUST COMMON EDIBLES and THEIR TOXIC LOOK-ALIKES 10/2/20 Zoom Presentation Names from Audubon Field Guide to N

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
CORNWALL CONSERVATION COMMISSION and TRUST COMMON EDIBLES and THEIR TOXIC LOOK-ALIKES 10/2/20 Zoom Presentation Names from Audubon Field Guide to N CORNWALL CONSERVATION COMMISSION AND TRUST COMMON EDIBLES AND THEIR TOXIC LOOK-ALIKES 10/2/20 Zoom Presentation Names from Audubon Field Guide to N. Am. Fungi: Lincoff Slide 1. Introduction Slides 2-4 “Gaylord’s test” There are no reliable animal models. 5. Calvatia (Langermannia) gigantea; One of Clyde Christianson’s “Fool-Proof” Four. 6. Calvatia craniiformis, edible look-alike: Myth: All puffballs are edible. 7. Scleroderma citrinum; “Poison Pigskin Puffball”toxic. 8-9. Amanita button Look-alike to small puffball. 10. Amanita caesarea; (hemibapha jacksonii, #4) Edible for experts 11. Amanita rubescens. Edible for experts. 12. Amanita muscaria var. formosa, var. guessowii,) toxic lookalike. 13. A .muscaria hillside. Unpredictable GABA toggle switch reactions. 14. A. bisporigera / virosa: DEADLY Destroying Angel. “Eat no Amanita” 15. Lepiota naucina/Leucoagaricus naucinus: Edible Look-alike to Destroying Angel. 16-17 Basket of dirty Honey Mushrooms. 18. Armillaria mellea complex DNA evidence: Edible only if well cooked, toxic otherwise. 19. Clitocybe (Omphalotus) illudens Toxic look-like to Honey Mushroom 20. C. illudens as look-alike to Chanterelle. 21. C. illudens phosphorescent low 22. Gymnopilus spectabilis; (Gymnopilus junonius) Neurotoxic Look-alike to Honeys. Myth: All mushrooms on wood are edible. 23. Flammulina velutipes; “Winter Mushroom” popular edible 24. Enotake; cultivated form of F. velutipes 25. Pholiota veris (Kuehneromyces marginellus). LBM and look-alike to Flammulina 26. Galerina autumnalis / marginata DEADLY look-alike to Flammulina contains amatoxins 27. Lactarius hygrophoroides. Myth: All Milk Mushrooms are edible. 28. L. hygrophoroides’ white sweet milk: Edible and Choice. 29. L. volemus: white sweet milk, brown stains, fishy smell: Edible and Choice. 30. L. volemus: Fishy odor disappears when cooked. 31. Panel: Three Lactarii with white astringent milk, all considered toxic. L. piperatus, deceptivus, subvellereus 32, 33. Lactarius vinaceorufescens: Yellow milk, Toxic look-alike to hygrophoroides. 34. “Lactarius deliciosus complex”: 25+sp red-orange milk. 35. Agaricus campestris / bisporus/ porphyrocephalus: “meadow mushroom”,” pink bottom”, Edible variant of commercial mushroom. 36. "Agaricus arvensis" / fissuratus ‘Horse Mushroom” Myth: All pink bottoms are edible. 37. Agaricus placomyces: toxic look-alike to campestris 38. Coprinus comatus “Shaggy Mane” “Edible “Fool Proof” No Fungi ID’s are Fool Proof 39. “Coprinus atramentarius” / Coprinopsis atramentaria: Potentially Deadly look-alike to comatus. Alcohol-acetaldehyde pathway similar to Disulfiram/Antabuse. 40. Two “Inky Caps”, comatus and atramentarius side by side. 41. Clitocybe (Ampulloclitocybe) clavipes: Toxic Coprine alcohol reaction. 42, 43. Tricholomopsis platyphyllum / Megacollybia rodmani Toxic to some. 44. Pholiota squarrosa, complex: ‘Edible’ in earlier texts, now considered Toxic. Text Errors. 45. Cortinarius armillatus: 1,000 species of Corts.in America: Only half described. Eat No Cortinarius: Orelanine --> nephrotic renal failure. 46. Pluteus cervinus: Deer Mushroom. Edible but ‘moldy’ Pink free gills →generally edible. 47. Entoloma sp. Pink attached gills → generally toxic. 48, 49. Entoloma abortivum exception to rule, Edible: Armillaria/Entoloma aborted development 50. Lepista nuda / Clitocybe nuda ‘Blewit” edible and choice 51. Hebeloma crustuliniforme “Poison Pie” Toxic look-alike to Blewit. 52. Lepista spore print > Pinkish Buff; Hebeloma > Rusty Brown. 53, 54. Cantharellus cibarius “Fool Proof” Edible and Choice. 55. Gomphus floccosus/ Turbinellus floccosus variable, Toxic Look-alike to chanterelle. 56, Hygrophoropsis aurantiaca: “non-poisonous” Lookalike to chanterelle. 57. Clitocybe illudens/ Omphalotus olearius: Toxic look-alike to chanterelle. 57, 58, 59, 60. Lesson in color saturation of fugal images. 60. Cantharellus cinnabarinus Small edible. 61, 62. Craterellus fallax/cornucopioides: Black Trumpets: Edible and Choice. 63. Hypomyces lactifluorum “Lobster Mushroom” Edible/Choice if on Russula/Lactarius 64. Hypomyces hyalinus: on Amanita! This “white lobster” is potentially deadly. 65, 66, 67, 68. Pleurotus ostreatus: “Oyster Mushroom” “Fool Proof” 69. Pleurotus/ Pleurocybella porrigens: “Angel Wings” Potentially Deadly Oyster Look-alike. 70-74 “Tooth Mushroom” Spines point down → generally non-toxic. 70. Hericium erinaceus: “Satan’s Beard” “Pom-Pom” Hedgehog” Edible and Choice. 71.+ Hericium americanum / coralloides /ramosum". ‘Pom-Pom” Edible and Choice. 72. Dentinum (Hydnum) repandum “Sweet Tooth”: variable, edible and sometimes choice. Effect of substrate? 73. Hydnellum spongiosipes Inedible Look-alike of D. repandum. 74. Steccherinum Climacodon septentrionalis tough, inedible 75, 76. “Coral Mushrooms” Spines point up → Difficult to ID, Best to avoid. 75. Ramaria aurea: Ramaria sp. may contain organoarsenic compound homoarsenocholine. 76. Ramariopsis kunzei: Edible, but field ID identical to the deadly R. lentofragillis. 77. Morels: a ‘Fool-Proof” Edible, if well cooked; Toxic if not. Genetic complexities. 78. Morchella ‘esculenta’. “Blonde Morel” light ridges, diagnostic interior. 79. Gyromitra fastigiata /brunnea/korfii complex: Deadly Monomethyl Hydrazine MMH 80. Mixed Basket of morels and false morels. 81. Boletus edulis complex: Edible and Choice: Myth: All Boletes are edible. 82. Boletus edulis complex: reticulation and pore color and stain. 83. Boletus huroniensis: very toxic, potentially deadly. Look-alike to B. edulis. 84. Boletus [Baorangia] bicolor (edible) and B. sensibilis (toxic to some) Look-alike complex w different staining pattern. 85. "Boletus [Neoboletus] subvelutipes" complex: Red tube mouth + blue stain →Toxic group 86. Leccinum Myth: all Leccinum are Edible. Avoid red/orange capped Leccinum. e.g. L. aurantiacum, L. atrostipitatum, L. insigni See https://leslieland.com/2009/07/wild- mushroom-warning-the-scaber-stalks-leccinum-species-may-no-longer-be-considered-safe/ 87.+ Polyporus/ Grifola frondosa “Hen of the Woods” Edible and Choice. Mid Sept. Oaks. 88. Polyporus giganteus/ Meripilus sumstinei: frondosus look-alike, bitter, tough non-poisonous 89. Polyporus/ Laetiporus sulphureus, (and cincinnatus) Sulphur Shelf, “Chicken’ mushroom. Myth: All Sulphur-shelves are edible Edible on Oaks. L. huroniensis on Hemlock toxic. 90. NAMA Poison Control Data: Many “Edible” species of mushrooms cause toxic reactions. 91. There are old Mycologists. There are Bold. Mycologists. There are no Old and Bold Mycologists. 92. On-line mushroom articles by Bill Bakaitis may be found at Leslieland.com, Fungikingdom.net, NAMA’s Mycophile and several newsletters of mycological organizations in the northeast. September 2020, Bill Bakaitis THE RULES OF MYCOPHAGY There are old mushroom eaters, and there are bold mushroom eaters, but there are no old and bold ones! Consider for a moment that there are thousands of species of fungi that fruit in any given area. Some may appear nowhere else in the world. Some are edible, some toxic, and some are so variable that they are at times edible and at other times toxic. Often there is no good way to differentiate between species without hours or days of long tedious chemical and microscopic work. Furthermore, the toxicity of mushrooms is unknown until they are actually eaten by fellow mushroom collectors. There are no good animal models. Consider also that the edibility of mushrooms is often contingent upon the particular biology of the mushroom eater. Some mushrooms are edible to some but poison to others. And being like meat in composition, mushrooms are subject to rapid bacterial decay. While the heat of cooking will destroy some of the toxins, other toxins will survive, especially if the cook attempts a delicate presentation, such as a light sauté or stir-fry! Consider further that some mushrooms, edible in themselves, contain substances that interact with other foods making them poison! Perhaps the most well-known interaction of this type is the way certain mushrooms interact with alcohol. Alcohol consumed for up to a week or two after the meal cannot be fully metabolized and toxic metabolites accumulate in the body in amounts sufficient to cause extreme discomfort or death. Mushrooms also differ with regard to the speed with which their toxins operate. Some go to work immediately, while others have reactions delayed by hours, days, weeks or months. In addition carcinogenic compounds which presumably would not show their true effect for years are known to be present in mushrooms, even in the common store-bought variety. You can see then that the eating of wild mushrooms, however tasty and tempting this might be, is not accomplished without risk. Here then is a set of Rules for the Eating of Mushrooms that the prudent Mycophage might employ. 1. DO NOT EAT ANY MUSHROOM UNLESS YOU ARE 100% CERTAIN OF ITS IDENTITY AS A SAFE SPECIES. CHECK IT OUT IN RELIABLE TEXTS. 2. TEST YOUR OWN REACTION TO A MUSHROOM BY EATING ONLY A SMALL PORTION OF A SINGLE SPECIES AT A TIME. REPEATE A FEW DAYS LATER TO TEST FOR DEVELOPED ALLERGIC REACTIONS. 3. MAKE SURE THE MUSHROOM IS THOROUGHLY COOKED BEFORE YOU EAT IT. 4. DO NOT CONSUME ANY ALCOHOL WITH THE MEAL OR FOR A FEW DAYS AFTER. 5. KEEP A FEW UNCOOKED MYSHROOMS IN THE FRIDGE FOR IDENTIFICATION SHOULD A TOXIC REACTION DEVELOP. NY STATE POISON CONTROL NETWORK 1 800 222-1222 BILL BAKAITIS 845 677-3185 Sumer 2020 .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Clitocybe Sclerotoidea a Most Wonderful Parasite of Helvella Vespertina
    The Mycological Society of San Francisco • March 2013, vol. 64:07 March 19 MycoDigest: General Meeting Speaker Clitocybe Sclerotoidea A Most Wonderful Parasite of Helvella Vespertina Nhu Nguyen love parasites. They are just some of the neatest things; except when I’m forced to play host. Parasites come in all sorts of shapes and sizes and it is thought that Ievery species on earth has a parasite of some sort. Animals have parasites, plants have parasites, and fungi too have parasites. I can talk about parasites all day (yes, that parasitology class in college right before lunch three times a week left quite the impression), but I will focus on just one this time. Mycoparasites are fungi that parasitize other fungi and they commonly occur in the mushroom world. Typically the more colorful or pronounced ones get more noticed. Examples of col- orful parasites would be Hypomyces chrysosporium, a common parasite on boletes on the west coast with golden Nhu Nguyen spores. Another one known amongst “Yeasts in the Gut of Beetles –Minute mushroom hunters is Hypomyces lac- Fungi That Cheer and Fuel the World” tifluorum that covers a Russula, turn- hu Nguyen is a PhD candidate ing it beautifully orange and deli- at UC Berkeley. He is studying a cious. Then you have those that are Nfungal-bacterial symbiosis system for A closeup of a large cap of Clitocybe sclerotoi- tiny, but still beautiful like Dendro- his PhD dissertation in the Bruns Lab deum with smaller mushrooms coming out of collybia racemosa with its strange side where lots of fun things happen.
    [Show full text]
  • Covered in Phylloboletellus and Numerous Clamps in Boletellus Fibuliger
    PERSOONIA Published by the Rijksherbarium, Leiden Volume 11, Part 3, pp. 269-302 (1981) Notes on bolete taxonomy—III Rolf Singer Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, U.S.A. have Contributions involving bolete taxonomy during the last ten years not only widened the knowledge and increased the number of species in the boletes and related lamellate and gastroid forms, but have also introduced a large number of of new data on characters useful for the generic and subgeneric taxonomy these is therefore timely to fungi,resulting, in part, in new taxonomical arrangements. It consider these new data with a view to integratingthem into an amended classifi- cation which, ifit pretends to be natural must take into account all observations of possible diagnostic value. It must also take into account all sufficiently described species from all phytogeographic regions. 1. Clamp connections Like any other character (including the spore print color), the presence or absence ofclamp connections in is neither in of the carpophores here nor other groups Basidiomycetes necessarily a generic or family character. This situation became very clear when occasional clamps were discovered in Phylloboletellus and numerous clamps in Boletellus fibuliger. Kiihner (1978-1980) rightly postulates that cytology and sexuality should be considered wherever at all possible. This, as he is well aware, is not feasible in most boletes, and we must be content to judgeclamp-occurrence per se, giving it importance wherever associated with other characters and within a well circumscribed and obviously homogeneous group such as Phlebopus, Paragyrodon, and Gyrodon. (Heinemann (1954) and Pegler & Young this is (1981) treat group on the family level.) Gyroporus, also clamp-bearing, considered close, but somewhat more removed than the other genera.
    [Show full text]
  • Physiological and Cultural Properties of the Luminous Fungus Omphalotus Af
    Journal of Siberian Federal University. Biology 2 (2009 2) 157-171 ~ ~ ~ УДК 579 Physiological and Cultural Properties of the Luminous Fungus Omphalotus af. Illudent Dao Thi Van* BIO-LUMI Company Ltd., 2/6 Do Nang Te, Binh Tri Dong ward Binh Tan dist, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam 1 Received 1.06.2009, received in revised form 8.06.2009, accepted 15.06.2009 The luminous fungus that we have described as a presumably new species, Omphalotus af. illudent, grows in rain forests in the south of Vietnam on the dead tree wood, mostly on the rubber tree (Hevea). It emits exceptionally bright light in all phases of its life cycle, from germinate spores and mycelium to fruiting bodies. This study describes the life cycle of Omphalotus af. illudent (Neonatapanus) and determination of the optimal parameters of the temperature, humidity, pH, concentration of mineral elements, and composition of the nutrient media. Measurements have been performed to determine the destructive enzymatic activity of the mycelium towards some of the wood components. Optimal mycelial growth and luminescence have been found to occur under different conditions. The study of the parameters of Omphalotus af.illudent provided a basis for successful large-scale cultivation of this fungus and, hence, preparation of sufficient quantities of material for studies of the biochemical and genetic mechanisms underlying fungal bioluminescence and examination of the biochemical components of the fungus that are potentially valuable for pharmacology (illudin etc.). The brightness and steadiness of Omphalotus af. illudent luminescence make this fungus a good candidate for continuous bioluminescent analytical systems. Keywords: fungi bioluminescence, Omphalotus af.
    [Show full text]
  • Molecular Phylogenetic Studies in the Genus Amanita
    1170 Molecular phylogenetic studies in the genus Amanita I5ichael Weiß, Zhu-Liang Yang, and Franz Oberwinkler Abstracl A group of 49 Amanita species that had been thoroughly examined morphologically and amtomically was analyzed by DNA sequence compadson to estimate natural groups and phylogenetic rclationships within the genus. Nuclear DNA sequences coding for a part of the ribosomal large subunit were determined and evaluated using neighbor-joining with bootstrap analysis, parsimony analysis, conditional clustering, and maximum likelihood methods, Sections Amanita, Caesarea, Vaginatae, Validae, Phalloideae, and Amidella were substantially confirmed as monophyletic groups, while the monophyly of section Lepidell.t remained unclear. Branching topologies between and within sections could also pafiially be derived. Stbgenera Amanita an'd Lepidella were not supported. The Mappae group was included in section Validae. Grouping hypotheses obtained by DNA analyses are discussed in relation to the distribution of morphological and anatomical chamcters in the studied species. Key words: fungi, basidiomycetes phylogeny, Agarrcales, Amanita systematics, large subunit rDNA, 28S. R6sum6 : A partir d'un groupe de 49 esp,ces d'Amanita prdalablement examinees morphologiquement et anatomiquement, les auteurs ont utilisd la comparaison des s€quences d'ADN pour ddfinir les groupes naturels et les relations phylog6ndtiques de ce genre. Les sdquences de I'ADN nucl6aire codant pour une partie de la grande sous-unit6 ribosomale ont 6t6 ddterminEes et €valu6es en utilisant l'analyse par liaison en lacet avec le voisin (neighbor-joining with bootstrap), l'analyse en parcimonie, le rcgroupement conditionnel et les m€thodes de ressemblance maximale. Les rdsultats confirment substantiellement les sections Afiarira, Caesarea, Uaqinatae, Ualidae, Phalloideae et Amidella, comme groupes monophyldtiques, alors que la monophylie de la section Lepidella demerxe obscure.
    [Show full text]
  • A Forgotten Kingdom Ecologically Industrious and Alluringly Diverse, Australia’S Puffballs, Earthstars, Jellies, Agarics and Their Mycelial Kin Merit Your Attention
    THE OTHER 99% – NEGLECTED NATURE The delicate umbrellas of this Mycena species last only fleetingly, while its fungal mycelium persists, mostly obscured within the log it is rotting. Photo: Alison Pouliot A Forgotten Kingdom Ecologically industrious and alluringly diverse, Australia’s puffballs, earthstars, jellies, agarics and their mycelial kin merit your attention. Ecologist Alison Pouliot ponders our bonds with the mighty fungus kingdom. s the sun rises, I venture off-track Fungi have been dubbed the ‘forgotten into a dripping forest in the Otway kingdom’ – their ubiquity and diversity ARanges. Mountain ash tower contrast with the sparseness of knowledge overhead, their lower trunks carpeted about them, they are neglected in in mosses, lichens and liverworts. The conservation despite their ecological leeches are also up early and greet me significance, and their aesthetic and with enthusiasm. natural history fascination are largely A white scallop-shaped form at the unsung in popular culture. The term base of a manna gum catches my eye. ‘flora and fauna’ is usually unthinkingly Omphalotus nidiformis, the ghost fungus. A assumed to cover the spectrum of visible valuable marker. If it’s dark when I return, life. I am part of a growing movement of the eerie pale green glow of this luminous fungal enthusiasts dedicated to lifting fungal cairn will be a welcome beacon. the profile of the ‘third f’ in science, Descending deeper into the forest, a conservation and society. It is an damp funk hits my nostrils, signalling engrossing quest, not only because of the fungi. As my eyes adjust and the morning alluring organisms themselves but also for lightens, I make out diverse fungal forms the curiosities of their social and cultural in cryptic microcosms.
    [Show full text]
  • Mushroom Root Rot Republished for the Internet April 2008
    FOREST AND SHADE TREE PESTS Leaflet Number 11 Published Feb 1994 Mushroom Root Rot Republished for the Internet April 2008 SIGNIFICANCE Mushroom Root Rot, caused by the fungus Armillaria tabescens (syn. Clitocybe tabescens and Armillariella tabescens), is a common and widespread disease affecting both conifers and hardwoods in Florida. This disease occurs statewide and has been reported on more than 200 species of trees and shrubs. RECOGNITION Affected plants can show one or more of a variety of symptoms, including: thinning of the crown, yellowing of foliage, premature defoliation, branch dieback, decaying roots, Fig. 1. Typical cluster of mushrooms of Armillaria tabescens. At right, cluster windthrow, and lesions at excavated and displayed to show common base and spore-producing gills under mushroom caps. the root collar. Some host plants show symptoms of decline for several years before dying. Others die rapidly without any obvious prior symptoms. Mushroom root rot can often be identified without laboratory diagnosis. Conspicuous clusters of mushrooms, (Fig. 1.) which sometimes appear near the base of infected trees, are the most easily recognized diagnostic indicators of the disease. These mushrooms are usually produced in the fall, but they can occur at other times as well. When fresh they are tan to brown, fleshy, with gills beneath the cap, and lacking a ring (annulus) around the stem. While the presence of the characteristic mushrooms is a sure indicator of mushroom root rot, the lack of these fruiting bodies does not indicate the absence of disease. Mushrooms are not formed every year and they decay rapidly when they do appear.
    [Show full text]
  • Field Guide to Common Macrofungi in Eastern Forests and Their Ecosystem Functions
    United States Department of Field Guide to Agriculture Common Macrofungi Forest Service in Eastern Forests Northern Research Station and Their Ecosystem General Technical Report NRS-79 Functions Michael E. Ostry Neil A. Anderson Joseph G. O’Brien Cover Photos Front: Morel, Morchella esculenta. Photo by Neil A. Anderson, University of Minnesota. Back: Bear’s Head Tooth, Hericium coralloides. Photo by Michael E. Ostry, U.S. Forest Service. The Authors MICHAEL E. OSTRY, research plant pathologist, U.S. Forest Service, Northern Research Station, St. Paul, MN NEIL A. ANDERSON, professor emeritus, University of Minnesota, Department of Plant Pathology, St. Paul, MN JOSEPH G. O’BRIEN, plant pathologist, U.S. Forest Service, Forest Health Protection, St. Paul, MN Manuscript received for publication 23 April 2010 Published by: For additional copies: U.S. FOREST SERVICE U.S. Forest Service 11 CAMPUS BLVD SUITE 200 Publications Distribution NEWTOWN SQUARE PA 19073 359 Main Road Delaware, OH 43015-8640 April 2011 Fax: (740)368-0152 Visit our homepage at: http://www.nrs.fs.fed.us/ CONTENTS Introduction: About this Guide 1 Mushroom Basics 2 Aspen-Birch Ecosystem Mycorrhizal On the ground associated with tree roots Fly Agaric Amanita muscaria 8 Destroying Angel Amanita virosa, A. verna, A. bisporigera 9 The Omnipresent Laccaria Laccaria bicolor 10 Aspen Bolete Leccinum aurantiacum, L. insigne 11 Birch Bolete Leccinum scabrum 12 Saprophytic Litter and Wood Decay On wood Oyster Mushroom Pleurotus populinus (P. ostreatus) 13 Artist’s Conk Ganoderma applanatum
    [Show full text]
  • The Mycological Society of San Francisco • Jan. 2016, Vol. 67:05
    The Mycological Society of San Francisco • Jan. 2016, vol. 67:05 Table of Contents JANUARY 19 General Meeting Speaker Mushroom of the Month by K. Litchfield 1 President Post by B. Wenck-Reilly 2 Robert Dale Rogers Schizophyllum by D. Arora & W. So 4 Culinary Corner by H. Lunan 5 Hospitality by E. Multhaup 5 Holiday Dinner 2015 Report by E. Multhaup 6 Bizarre World of Fungi: 1965 by B. Sommer 7 Academic Quadrant by J. Shay 8 Announcements / Events 9 2015 Fungus Fair by J. Shay 10 David Arora’s talk by D. Tighe 11 Cultivation Quarters by K. Litchfield 12 Fungus Fair Species list by D. Nolan 13 Calendar 15 Mushroom of the Month: Chanterelle by Ken Litchfield Twenty-One Myths of Medicinal Mushrooms: Information on the use of medicinal mushrooms for This month’s profiled mushroom is the delectable Chan- preventive and therapeutic modalities has increased terelle, one of the most distinctive and easily recognized mush- on the internet in the past decade. Some is based on rooms in all its many colors and meaty forms. These golden, yellow, science and most on marketing. This talk will look white, rosy, scarlet, purple, blue, and black cornucopias of succu- at 21 common misconceptions, helping separate fact lent brawn belong to the genera Cantharellus, Craterellus, Gomphus, from fiction. Turbinellus, and Polyozellus. Rather than popping up quickly from quiescent primordial buttons that only need enough rain to expand About the speaker: the preformed babies, Robert Dale Rogers has been an herbalist for over forty these mushrooms re- years. He has a Bachelor of Science from the Univer- quire an extended period sity of Alberta, where he is an assistant clinical profes- of slower growth and sor in Family Medicine.
    [Show full text]
  • Research Article Chemical, Bioactive, and Antioxidant Potential of Twenty Wild Culinary Mushroom Species
    Hindawi Publishing Corporation BioMed Research International Volume 2015, Article ID 346508, 12 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/346508 Research Article Chemical, Bioactive, and Antioxidant Potential of Twenty Wild Culinary Mushroom Species S. K. Sharma1 and N. Gautam2 1 Department of Plant Pathology, CSK, Himachal Pradesh Agriculture University, Palampur 176 062, India 2Centre for Environmental Science and Technology, School of Environment and Earth Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151 001, India Correspondence should be addressed to N. Gautam; [email protected] Received 8 May 2015; Accepted 11 June 2015 Academic Editor: Miroslav Pohanka Copyright © 2015 S. K. Sharma and N. Gautam. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The chemical, bioactive, and antioxidant potential of twenty wild culinary mushroom species being consumed by the peopleof northern Himalayan regions has been evaluated for the first time in the present study. Nutrients analyzed include protein, crude fat, fibres, carbohydrates, and monosaccharides. Besides, preliminary study on the detection of toxic compounds was done on these species. Bioactive compounds evaluated are fatty acids, amino acids, tocopherol content, carotenoids (-carotene, lycopene), flavonoids, ascorbic acid, and anthocyanidins. Fruitbodies extract of all the species was tested for different types of antioxidant assays. Although differences were observed in the net values of individual species all the species were found to be rich in protein, and carbohydrates and low in fat. Glucose was found to be the major monosaccharide. Predominance of UFA (65–70%) over SFA (30–35%) was observed in all the species with considerable amounts of other bioactive compounds.
    [Show full text]
  • The Genus Amanita  3Huv ,1/80%,1,=21( Nepal
    THE GENUS AMANITA 3HUV ,1/80%,1,=21( NEPAL Hari Prasad Aryal * and Usha Budhathoki ** 3DNOLKDZD&DPSXV,QVWLWXWHRI$JULFXOWXUHDQG$QLPDO6FLHQFH%KDLUDKDZD &HQWUDO'HSDUWPHQWRI%RWDQ\7ULEKXYDQ8QLYHUVLW\.LUWLSXU.DWKPDQGX1HSDO Abstract: 'XULQJWKHVXUYH\RIZLOGHGLEOHPXVKURRPVLQWURSLFDOWRWHPSHUDWHEHOWRI1HSDOGXULQJUDLQ\VHDVRQVLQ DQGPDQ\PDFURIXQJDOVSHFLHVZHUHFROOHFWHGDQGLGHQWL¿HG7KHSDSHUKLJKOLJKWVRQWKH¿YHVSHFLHVRI genus Amanita 3HUVLQFOXGLQJQHZVSHFLHV Amanita volvata 3HFN /OR\G ZLWKWKHLULGHQWL¿FDWLRQDQGGRFXPHQWDWLRQ The new species was LGHQWL¿HGDQGWKLVLVEHLQJUHSRUWHGDQGUHGHVFULEHGIRUWKH¿UVWWLPHIURP1HSDO Amanita characterized by stipe with volva or rudiments of volva, annulus present, in some may be absent, clamp connection SUHVHQWRUDEVHQWVSRUHVDP\ORLGRULQDP\ORLG7KHVWXG\DUHDRFFXSLHGVTNPDPRQJWKHVT.PODQG DQGOLHVZLWKLQDQDOWLWXGHEHWZHHQDQGPDVOLQWURSLFDOGHFLGXRXVULYHULQHIRUHVWWRORZHUWHPSHUDWHPL[HG EURDGOHDYHGIRUHVW7KHGULHGVSHFLPHQVDUHKRXVHGLQWKH7ULEKXYDQ8QLYHUVLW\&HQWUDO+HUEDULXP 78&+ .LUWLSXU .DWKPDQGX1HSDO7KHDUHDHPEUDFHVPDQ\P\FRSKDJRXVHWKQLFFRPPXQLWLHV7KHP\FRHOHPHQWVSUHYDLOLQJLQWKLV DUHDQHHGVXVWDLQDEOHFRQVHUYDWLRQDQGXWLOL]DWLRQ Keywords: Tasonomy; %DVLGLRP\FHWHV Amanita volvata; 0DFURIXQJL INTRODUCTION 7KH LQYHVWLJDWLRQ DQG VWXG\ RQ PXVKURRPV RI 1HSDO started since 19 th FHQWXU\ /OR\G %HUNHOH\ 7KH JHQXV Amanita FRQWDLQV RYHU QDPHG VSHFLHV DQG YDULHWLHV $GKLNDUL et al Amanita IURP1HSDOKDVEHHQUHSRUWHGVLQFH th century (Singh, DE VLQFHWKHQVHYHUDOSDSHUVKDYHEHHQSXEOLVKHG 42 species and 2 subspecies of Amanita are reported IURP1HSDO $GKLNDUL et al VLQFHWKHQVHYHUDO
    [Show full text]
  • A Nomenclatural Study of Armillaria and Armillariella Species
    A Nomenclatural Study of Armillaria and Armillariella species (Basidiomycotina, Tricholomataceae) by Thomas J. Volk & Harold H. Burdsall, Jr. Synopsis Fungorum 8 Fungiflora - Oslo - Norway A Nomenclatural Study of Armillaria and Armillariella species (Basidiomycotina, Tricholomataceae) by Thomas J. Volk & Harold H. Burdsall, Jr. Printed in Eko-trykk A/S, Førde, Norway Printing date: 1. August 1995 ISBN 82-90724-14-4 ISSN 0802-4966 A Nomenclatural Study of Armillaria and Armillariella species (Basidiomycotina, Tricholomataceae) by Thomas J. Volk & Harold H. Burdsall, Jr. Synopsis Fungorum 8 Fungiflora - Oslo - Norway 6 Authors address: Center for Forest Mycology Research Forest Products Laboratory United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service One Gifford Pinchot Dr. Madison, WI 53705 USA ABSTRACT Once a taxonomic refugium for nearly any white-spored agaric with an annulus and attached gills, the concept of the genus Armillaria has been clarified with the neotypification of Armillaria mellea (Vahl:Fr.) Kummer and its acceptance as type species of Armillaria (Fr.:Fr.) Staude. Due to recognition of different type species over the years and an extremely variable generic concept, at least 274 species and varieties have been placed in Armillaria (or in Armillariella Karst., its obligate synonym). Only about forty species belong in the genus Armillaria sensu stricto, while the rest can be placed in forty-three other modem genera. This study is based on original descriptions in the literature, as well as studies of type specimens and generic and species concepts by other authors. This publication consists of an alphabetical listing of all epithets used in Armillaria or Armillariella, with their basionyms, currently accepted names, and other obligate and facultative synonyms.
    [Show full text]
  • Mycoparasite Hypomyces Odoratus Infests Agaricus Xanthodermus Fruiting Bodies in Nature Kiran Lakkireddy1,2†, Weeradej Khonsuntia1,2,3† and Ursula Kües1,2*
    Lakkireddy et al. AMB Expr (2020) 10:141 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13568-020-01085-5 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Open Access Mycoparasite Hypomyces odoratus infests Agaricus xanthodermus fruiting bodies in nature Kiran Lakkireddy1,2†, Weeradej Khonsuntia1,2,3† and Ursula Kües1,2* Abstract Mycopathogens are serious threats to the crops in commercial mushroom cultivations. In contrast, little is yet known on their occurrence and behaviour in nature. Cobweb infections by a conidiogenous Cladobotryum-type fungus iden- tifed by morphology and ITS sequences as Hypomyces odoratus were observed in the year 2015 on primordia and young and mature fruiting bodies of Agaricus xanthodermus in the wild. Progress in development and morphologies of fruiting bodies were afected by the infections. Infested structures aged and decayed prematurely. The mycopara- sites tended by mycelial growth from the surroundings to infect healthy fungal structures. They entered from the base of the stipes to grow upwards and eventually also onto lamellae and caps. Isolated H. odoratus strains from a diseased standing mushroom, from a decaying overturned mushroom stipe and from rotting plant material infected mushrooms of diferent species of the genus Agaricus while Pleurotus ostreatus fruiting bodies were largely resistant. Growing and grown A. xanthodermus and P. ostreatus mycelium showed degrees of resistance against the mycopatho- gen, in contrast to mycelium of Coprinopsis cinerea. Mycelial morphological characteristics (colonies, conidiophores and conidia, chlamydospores, microsclerotia, pulvinate stroma) and variations of fve diferent H. odoratus isolates are presented. In pH-dependent manner, H. odoratus strains stained growth media by pigment production yellow (acidic pH range) or pinkish-red (neutral to slightly alkaline pH range).
    [Show full text]