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VoL. XV.—No. 4.—Foubth Skbixs. NEW YORK, TUESDAY, JANUARY 28, 1873. Pnicii 10 Cints Ieb CoPX. Progr«s« in Iron Making. ceive that the banks of Newfoundland, if now raised above the oce4iu’s level,' At tb« late meeting of the National Aaaooiation of Iron lianafaotorera at would present striations and glacial drift, which but for the presence of remains Philadelphia, more than seTenty establiflbmenta were repreaented, and a Tery showing its formation to belong to the historic period, would be indistinguisha¬ confident apirit waa eTineed by the ironmaatera. who expect a proaperona year. ble from the ancient bonlder-claya of the St. Lawrence valley. The report of the Secretary abowed a Tery satialaotory atate of tblnga in the iron The attempt which I have made to-night to set before the Geographical So¬ trade. It atated that the building of 106 new blaat fnmacea waa begun and com* ciety aome phases in the physical geography of a portion of our continent from pitted laat year, and it ia expected twenty-nine othera will be built this year. paleozoic times downward, might be made more complete by tracing the devel¬ There were alao tbirty-fiTe new rolling miUa eonatmcted, aome of which were of opment and spread of animal and vegetable life over the upraised continent. very large aizr. Beatde tbia, almost all the existing works added improved ma¬ The migrations of the present flora, especially, present many questions of great chinery, or otherwise increased their productiTe capacity.- Ten other rolling interest alike to the botanist and the geolngisf, but the adequate discussion of mills ate projected. this question, even did time permit it, is one beyond my powers. Mr. SjlICCBL Dakss waa introduced to the meeting, and addresaed the P. 8.—The view which I have announced above, that the cryeiaUine rocks oj members at considerable length in regard to the practical benefits of bis rotary j the Appaluchiane represent bui a small portion of a great continent of whose form puddler. He has lately returned from England, where, after encountering con¬ and outlines we can form but an imperfect notion, but which formed the eastern siderable opposition, he succeeded in introducing about fifty of his fumacea, limit of the great paUotoic basin, is not a new one. So long ago as 1842, H. D. with a prospect that his invention will bo generally adopted. In the United Booxbs concluded that the sediments of the paleozoic age in the Appalachian Scates, tbeee furnaces are in successful operation in Cincinnati, Chattanooga, region, muxt have come from a continent which, however, bo placed to (bo Tenn., and at the Millville Works, Pittsburgh, where a new mill has just been south-east loard. Hall in the introduction to (bo third volume of bis Paleontology added at an expense of $600,000, intended to contain five of these furnaces. has well shown the distribution of our carboniferous and still older paleozoic Among the general business done was a resolntion favoring Senator Buoxuio- sediments, and their rapid increase in volume and in oourseuess towards the ham's bill, “ cbtablishing a tree and liberal banking system based on United northeast, and in my review of this work iu 1861, these sediments wore spoken Slates bonds as security,” and one favoring the appointment by the Centennial of as “ evidently derived from a wasting continent,** Halt, himself having said. Commission of a commissioner to collect, sua'yze, and classify the iron ores of “we may have had a coast-line nearly parallel to and oo-extensive with the the United Smtes for display at the centennial exhibition of 1876. Among the Appalachian chain.” I have in the present lecture insisted still farther upon matf!:rs informally di8C^ssc<^ was the forming of a central body representing tbe i this view, and advanced in favor of an elevated eastern obntineutul area, an different associations whfeh would at the same time maintain intact their sepa-1 argument adduced from the climatic conditions which, as I have long since rate existence. The meeting adjourned to meet at Pittsburgh in next May. } shown, must throughout the paie«,zoic time have prevailed, at intervals, in the ' . - ■ . - ' basin to tbe westward. It was not until this address had been delivered and The Peleogeography of the North American Continent. ^ecem- By T Btbmt Hukt LL.D , F E S * Jobbvh Lb Ooktb ounouucos m language almost iden- ^ ' ' ' tical with my own, that the eastern part of the Irasiu received its sediments ooMOLUDXD VBOM PAOB 36. „ ffQfn q, continental mass to the eastward.” He admits that tbe graphic I have elsewhere pointed out that the base of these clays, beuoath the south- |,egion of the Atlantic sloj)^ of the Appalachians is Lanrentian, but I bad already weatem part of Like Erie or Lake St. Clair, and much of tho adjoining country, jn 1870 asserted the Eszoio, and, in part, the LmrentiaU age of these rocks is far below tbe bottom of these lakes; so that it would seem that these present lake hitherto regarded iu great part as altered paleozoic strata. While it is grality- bdsins have been excavated from the post-pliocene clays, which, in this region, fill jug jo find my views on these points, (and, in fact, my entire scheme for “re- a great ancient basin previously hollowed ont of tbe paleozoic rocks, and inclnding ooostmctiug the whole foundation of theoretic geology on tbe basis of a solid in its area the southwest part of the peninsula of Ontario.” earth,”) adopted by Prof. Lb Gontb, I deem it but right to oall attention to tbe The valleys of the hills and the shores of the islands which then rose above priority of my own conclusion. T. S. H. an icy sea, wonld be filled with local glaciers, of which tbe marks still remain, - which B.TC their iribhU to the oorthc correct clrcd, clcrgcd... cow. with DrteJpt “rW SSStV'e^OTti*” immense icebergs from tbe pol.ir region, and these, in great part snbmerged and Page 18, at tbe end of the Aral paragraph, for ** earth’s geology,” tesA “ earth-scienoe half-stranded masses, urged by wind and tide, would plough and farrow the w^g^log^”paragraph, eleventh line from the bottom, for‘-oast- buttom, there piling up the nnstratifled heaps of boulder-drift to which the ’ " earth and rocks borne by tbe melting ice wonld contribute. It is a point of AmericanAmarloan Soolaty8ool0ty of OlvllCivil Encinooro.Encln«or«. great sivnificance, insisted npon by Dawsoh, that this glacial drift throughout jibbtimo ov dbcbmbbb 18th. MBBTXMO or DBCBMBBB 18tH. the St. Lawrence valley often contains murine shells, and that the included Concluded from Page 42. masses of rock are frequently incrusted with barnacles and with polyzoa, show- Any space, which is under no strain,straw, whatever load is applied to tbe beam. log that these materials most have been gathered not from tbe surface of a long j mast remain dark, under all revolutioiis of tbe analyker ; each marks the cross- emerged continent, bat from tbe bottom of tbe sea. ing of tbe .two reenltant azes—tbat of tbe “strut” and of tbe “ flange” strains. I have thus endeavored to set forth briefly tbe very different views which have Tbe appearance of light around the neutral band is tbe first symptom of dis- been advocated iu explanation of the phenomena of tbe glacial period in tbe tortion in tbe positive image. Soon faint segments of yellow appear at the bot- history of our continent These, according to tbe views of tbe land glaeialists, tom, ocoopying a large part of tbe space between the enpports, and at tbe top were limited to a definite epoch, and operated simnltaneonsly over a vast area, varying with tbe application of the load. which according to one hypothesis, was not less than an entire hemisphere. As tbe presxnre is increased, tbe yellow from both edges moves forward Those, on the other hand, who restrict tbe action of land-ice to local glaciers, and towards ths neutral band, becomes a zone, and a segment of red succeeds, call in the aid of floating ice and tbe polar current, maintain that tbe process of Both continue to move until tbe red becomes a zone, and ie followed by a seg- glaciation is one limited rather by place than by time. Since the conditions of meat of bine, botween which and the red there is a dark neutral line. the earth have been sneb as to give rise to the formation ot polar ice, tbe shores A second similar series may be brought out before fracture. and tbe shallow seas to which tbe arctic current flowing southward has borne Mr. Bablow established tbe existence of a tbird^Mkjmportant element of it, must have been subjected to glacial action pnoh aa we have endeavored to strength in a beam, which increases as the bMm is bent The moment of this, describe. From the days in which the glaciation of our valleys was efliseted or bending resistance, ia equal to that of tbe applied tbree, or bending the process baa not esased, but has been tnnaferrsd to other regions, andws con- stress, and tbsir common line moves towards the primary neutrai axes as tba ^Abstract of an addssss baCore the Oeogn^iiieal 8o^y, Hew Ictk. No- ^ shown by ths dark lines described. Timber 13,1872. • . « ~ There are three nentzsl azee exiatent, amidst* disturbing forces, of a beau % So THE ENGINEERING AND MINING JOURNAL. iJanuary 28, 1873. wbiflb, nnd^ inor«Ming lo«d«, thortont in tb« top tnd l«Bgtb«ofl in th« bottom» Mr.

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