VoL. XV.—No. 4.—Foubth Skbixs. NEW YORK, TUESDAY, JANUARY 28, 1873. Pnicii 10 Cints Ieb CoPX.
Progr«s« in Iron Making. ceive that the banks of Newfoundland, if now raised above the oce4iu’s level,' At tb« late meeting of the National Aaaooiation of Iron lianafaotorera at would present striations and glacial drift, which but for the presence of remains Philadelphia, more than seTenty establiflbmenta were repreaented, and a Tery showing its formation to belong to the historic period, would be indistinguisha¬ confident apirit waa eTineed by the ironmaatera. who expect a proaperona year. ble from the ancient bonlder-claya of the St. Lawrence valley. The report of the Secretary abowed a Tery satialaotory atate of tblnga in the iron The attempt which I have made to-night to set before the Geographical So¬ trade. It atated that the building of 106 new blaat fnmacea waa begun and com* ciety aome phases in the physical geography of a portion of our continent from pitted laat year, and it ia expected twenty-nine othera will be built this year. paleozoic times downward, might be made more complete by tracing the devel¬ There were alao tbirty-fiTe new rolling miUa eonatmcted, aome of which were of opment and spread of animal and vegetable life over the upraised continent. very large aizr. Beatde tbia, almost all the existing works added improved ma¬ The migrations of the present flora, especially, present many questions of great chinery, or otherwise increased their productiTe capacity.- Ten other rolling interest alike to the botanist and the geolngisf, but the adequate discussion of mills ate projected. this question, even did time permit it, is one beyond my powers. Mr. SjlICCBL Dakss waa introduced to the meeting, and addresaed the P. 8.—The view which I have announced above, that the cryeiaUine rocks oj members at considerable length in regard to the practical benefits of bis rotary j the Appaluchiane represent bui a small portion of a great continent of whose form puddler. He has lately returned from England, where, after encountering con¬ and outlines we can form but an imperfect notion, but which formed the eastern siderable opposition, he succeeded in introducing about fifty of his fumacea, limit of the great paUotoic basin, is not a new one. So long ago as 1842, H. D. with a prospect that his invention will bo generally adopted. In the United Booxbs concluded that the sediments of the paleozoic age in the Appalachian Scates, tbeee furnaces are in successful operation in Cincinnati, Chattanooga, region, muxt have come from a continent which, however, bo placed to (bo Tenn., and at the Millville Works, Pittsburgh, where a new mill has just been south-east loard. Hall in the introduction to (bo third volume of bis Paleontology added at an expense of $600,000, intended to contain five of these furnaces. has well shown the distribution of our carboniferous and still older paleozoic Among the general business done was a resolntion favoring Senator Buoxuio- sediments, and their rapid increase in volume and in oourseuess towards the ham's bill, “ cbtablishing a tree and liberal banking system based on United northeast, and in my review of this work iu 1861, these sediments wore spoken Slates bonds as security,” and one favoring the appointment by the Centennial of as “ evidently derived from a wasting continent,** Halt, himself having said. Commission of a commissioner to collect, sua'yze, and classify the iron ores of “we may have had a coast-line nearly parallel to and oo-extensive with the the United Smtes for display at the centennial exhibition of 1876. Among the Appalachian chain.” I have in the present lecture insisted still farther upon matf!:rs informally di8C^ssc<^ was the forming of a central body representing tbe i this view, and advanced in favor of an elevated eastern obntineutul area, an different associations whfeh would at the same time maintain intact their sepa-1 argument adduced from the climatic conditions which, as I have long since rate existence. The meeting adjourned to meet at Pittsburgh in next May. } shown, must throughout the paie«,zoic time have prevailed, at intervals, in the ' . - ■ . - ' basin to tbe westward. It was not until this address had been delivered and The Peleogeography of the North American Continent. ^ecem- By T Btbmt Hukt LL.D , F E S * Jobbvh Lb Ooktb ounouucos m language almost iden- ^ ' ' ' tical with my own, that the eastern part of the Irasiu received its sediments ooMOLUDXD VBOM PAOB 36. „ ffQfn q, continental mass to the eastward.” He admits that tbe graphic I have elsewhere pointed out that the base of these clays, beuoath the south- |,egion of the Atlantic sloj)^ of the Appalachians is Lanrentian, but I bad already weatem part of Like Erie or Lake St. Clair, and much of tho adjoining country, jn 1870 asserted the Eszoio, and, in part, the LmrentiaU age of these rocks is far below tbe bottom of these lakes; so that it would seem that these present lake hitherto regarded iu great part as altered paleozoic strata. While it is grality- bdsins have been excavated from the post-pliocene clays, which, in this region, fill jug jo find my views on these points, (and, in fact, my entire scheme for “re- a great ancient basin previously hollowed ont of tbe paleozoic rocks, and inclnding ooostmctiug the whole foundation of theoretic geology on tbe basis of a solid in its area the southwest part of the peninsula of Ontario.” earth,”) adopted by Prof. Lb Gontb, I deem it but right to oall attention to tbe The valleys of the hills and the shores of the islands which then rose above priority of my own conclusion. T. S. H. an icy sea, wonld be filled with local glaciers, of which tbe marks still remain, - which B.TC their iribhU to the oorthc correct clrcd, clcrgcd... cow. with DrteJpt “rW SSStV'e^OTti*” immense icebergs from tbe pol.ir region, and these, in great part snbmerged and Page 18, at tbe end of the Aral paragraph, for ** earth’s geology,” tesA “ earth-scienoe half-stranded masses, urged by wind and tide, would plough and farrow the w^g^log^”paragraph, eleventh line from the bottom, for‘-oast- buttom, there piling up the nnstratifled heaps of boulder-drift to which the ’ " earth and rocks borne by tbe melting ice wonld contribute. It is a point of AmericanAmarloan Soolaty8ool0ty of OlvllCivil Encinooro.Encln«or«. great sivnificance, insisted npon by Dawsoh, that this glacial drift throughout jibbtimo ov dbcbmbbb 18th. MBBTXMO or DBCBMBBB 18tH. the St. Lawrence valley often contains murine shells, and that the included Concluded from Page 42. masses of rock are frequently incrusted with barnacles and with polyzoa, show- Any space, which is under no straw,strain, whatever load is applied to tbe beam. log that these materials most have been gathered not from tbe surface of a long j mast remain dark, under all revolutioiis of tbe analyker ; each marks the cross- emerged continent, bat from tbe bottom of tbe sea. ing of tbe .two reenltant azes—tbat of tbe “strut” and of tbe “ flange” strains. I have thus endeavored to set forth briefly tbe very different views which have Tbe appearance of light around the neutral band is tbe first symptom of dis- been advocated iu explanation of the phenomena of tbe glacial period in tbe tortion in tbe positive image. Soon faint segments of yellow appear at the bot- history of our continent These, according to tbe views of tbe land glaeialists, tom, ocoopying a large part of tbe space between the enpports, and at tbe top were limited to a definite epoch, and operated simnltaneonsly over a vast area, varying with tbe application of the load. which according to one hypothesis, was not less than an entire hemisphere. As tbe presxnre is increased, tbe yellow from both edges moves forward Those, on the other hand, who restrict tbe action of land-ice to local glaciers, and towards ths neutral band, becomes a zone, and a segment of red succeeds, call in the aid of floating ice and tbe polar current, maintain that tbe process of Both continue to move until tbe red becomes a zone, and ie followed by a seg- glaciation is one limited rather by place than by time. Since the conditions of meat of bine, botween which and the red there is a dark neutral line. the earth have been sneb as to give rise to the formation ot polar ice, tbe shores A second similar series may be brought out before fracture. and tbe shallow seas to which tbe arctic current flowing southward has borne Mr. Bablow established tbe existence of a tbird^Mkjmportant element of it, must have been subjected to glacial action pnoh aa we have endeavored to strength in a beam, which increases as the bMm is bent The moment of this, describe. From the days in which the glaciation of our valleys was efliseted or bending resistance, ia equal to that of tbe applied tbree, or bending the process baa not esased, but has been tnnaferrsd to other regions, andws con- stress, and tbsir common line moves towards the primary neutrai axes as tba ^Abstract of an addssss baCore the Oeogn^iiieal 8o^y, Hew Ictk. No- ^ shown by ths dark lines described. Timber 13,1872. • . « ~ There are three nentzsl azee exiatent, amidst* disturbing forces, of a beau % So THE ENGINEERING AND MINING JOURNAL. iJanuary 28, 1873. wbiflb, nnd^ inor«Ming lo«d«, thortont in tb« top tnd l«Bgtb«ofl in th« bottom» Mr. Boixeb : It is best to make a beam proportioned similar to those to be A. tnn«p«rent oolntnn nnder prMsnre nbibiU • Mrios of eolorod rio0i— used; tweak it and deduce therefrom a constant. The formulae for I beams are gUM ihowing from three to »ix at each end—and a tofter material, aa eopal, safer for thin Ulan thick webs , say 4 ip. web, and 4 in. flange. wreathe of colored bande from top to bottom, a dark ipace always ocenring Prof. WooB r The experiments of Baron Vox Wxbeb showed that tbe web between the bine and red, which marks an nnstained part of the oolnmn, or a bad never been made too thin. Where the flange and web are joined, there nnion of eqoal and opposite forces. should be a large curve. To determine what these dark rings indicated, teete were made npon colnmns, Mr. Macdoxau) : In T. C. Clabxx's description of tbe Quincy Bridge there is which changed in form nnder presenre. These were brass tnbes, 45-100 in. a statement that 12-inch I floor beams, 164 fost long, suspended in pairs from exterior, 36-100 in. interior diameter, and abont 14 in. long- panel points abont 12 fe^t apar^ and earrying a single track of 4 feet 84 in. Submitted to compression until they assumed a permanent form, they all ex¬ gang'', kcaasely deflected ooder a maximum engine load, which caused a strain hibited from end to end a series of extended rings—uniformly separated->-or upop the oofor flhsas at least equal to 14,000 lbs. per square inch, according to periodic waves. Other steel tubes, also compressed, were examiimd, end an formulc in.geuetul use. empiric expression derived which will locate any wave in relation to another, Prof. Wood : Stmoturee should not be proportioned in reference to the nlti- tbe tube being bomogeneons. mate strength of the partv, but tbefr ehstto limits. Some .very'tenacious irons Hollow colnmns, if snffieiently nnder stress, within elastic limits, may be have a low limit of elasticity, while in ether cases, ceitain grades of steel, for greatly strengthened by bands, placed where these waves would otherwise instance, elasticity is preserved nnder a strain equal to one-half the tensile occur. It is inferred that one third additional material will thus donble tbe strength. strength of the column. Tbe Secretary presented communications, upon Mr. Nickebson's paper, from In oonolosion, tbe law of periodiey of force in compression, and probably in Gen. Babxabd, Col. Mxbbiix, Messrs. McAlkxx and Fdebtes ; the reading of tension, seems to be proved, and the law of lamination nnder pressure accounted which, and further discussion, were deferred nntil tbe meeting to be held Feb. for. 19tb next. DISCnsSIOM. Mr. MacDovaLD : Tbe experiments npon which formulte in common use for Apparatus for Measuring the Depth of a Shaft. the proportion and strength of beams are based, were made npon cubes of the Bt I*bof. Fbaxcu L, Vixtox, ox the School ox Mixes ox CoLuifBiA Coixeob. * materials tested, and it is fonnd that tbe constants derived are inapplicable to To measure the depth of a shaft by tbe ordinary method, with a chain or ordinary rases in practice. steel tape, has always been a difllcult operation. It being necessary to drive a Mr. *• A recent comparison of various standard formulae for the peg and a nail at each obain-lengtb, whereon to suspend tbe chain for the next strength of beams, made by taking a given beam and calcnlating with each station, it is evident that, however exact tbe procedure may be, it always formula its safe load, gave as follows : two 26 tons, one 30 tons, and one 87 tons. demands a considerable time, besides exposing tbe operator to danger. This The last was from Mr. BaxxB's formula, in which he has introduced the resist¬ msy be avoided by the use of a simple apparatus in application at tbe mines of ance due to flection; the beam taken was 3x6 and 6 feet long. Engineers Firminy (Loire), described by M. Cbaussxllx, the engineer. Tbe apparatus should know more of the strength of materials. Tbe formulaa used involve the consists essentially of three paits : let. A bobbin, whose core is of oak aud application of constants ranging variously from maximum to minimum strength; ebseks of pine, upon which a brass wire l.8millim.or 1.6 mm.in diameter, shall be often differ widely, and therefore give uncertain results. wound, to serve for the measuring. 2d. A pulley of oak, with a round gorge Mr. Maoxx>Mai.x>: It is known that a beam, loaded so that its outer fibres by serving fc r tbe change of direction of the wire passing tbe edge of tbe shaft ; formula should be under a maximum strain, will stand a greater load. Tbe and 3d. A moveable ruler made of pine, 6.30 m. long, 0.02 m. thick and 0.08 m. constants employed in calculating tbe strength of a beam should be determined wide. At the ends of this ruler are two iron heels, furnished with steel points from experiments upon a similar beam of tbe same material, and not those turned upward, and exactly 6 m. apart; this is the unit of length used in the given for direct tension and compression. measuring. The bobbin is mounted npon a simple frame cf wood, whose base Prof. Dx VoLSdx Wood : Tbe point of greatest interest to him in tbe paper is eomesrbat lengthened, so that it may be loaded fast with stone. The wire is read is whether tbe neutral axis is a line or a space, as water in an eddy. In fixed to the bobbin by one of its ends. The crown of the bobbin, of hard regard to tbe neutral axis and strength of beams, as determined by ordinary wood, is mide in two pieces ; the axle is pf Iron, square in tbe interior, round at rules, tbe foot is, if we assume in a bent beam that the extensions and compres- the journals, and between 26 and 30 millim. in diameter. Tbe radii of the ■ions are proportional to the distance of the elements from the neutral axis, and bobbin are four in number, assembled and consolidated by a plate of sheet take the modulus of tenacity, or of crushing, as tbe case may be, for the modu¬ iron cut in a cross. The boxes for tbejonmals of the axle are s
2. Axeanio ores ; areraging 36 per cent metallic araenic. nace, in which the ealphor u reduced to 13 per cent, and ia then mixed with the 3. Arsenical pyritee ; 15 per cent araeoio, 26—28 per cent anlphor. ‘ lead orea for roaating in a revorberatory. 4. Arsenical lead orea ; 12 per cent arsenic, 18—20 per cent lead. Arrentc ores are of three kinds. 1.* True arsenic ores ; 2. Arsenical pyrites ; 6. Blende ; with more than 80 per cent zinc. _ ^ ^ ^ _ and 3. Arsenical lead ores. The true arsenic ores are treated both for metallic 6. Pyritiferoos ores ; containing 15—30 per cent zinc. arsenic, of which they contain about 35 per cent, and for arsenic sulphide, 7. Lead ores ; 1, galena, with more than 30 per cent lead, and 2, plumbiferous 'fhe operation consists in a distillation in chamotte tubes, first at a low tempera¬ ore, with 15—29 per cent lead. ture which drives over the arsenic sulphide, aud then at a high heat, when the metallic ar .euic passes over. The first collects in the extreme end of the con- ’ But following the ayatem puraned in thia paper, the old claaaiiicatiou into cLu.>iug apparatus, and the second in that part nearest the furnace. fluxes, le^^^ orea, dry orea and copper ores, will be retained. The fluzea are in the those which contain ho much iron aa to make them valuable additions Arsenic sulphide is also obtained from the arsenical pyritee and from sulphu¬ to the fusion for lead. They are chiefly iron pyritee containing arsenic and zinc ; ric acid residues. The former contain about 15 per cent, arsenic and 26—28 per but the »ipc ores also belong in thia class, the residues after the distillation of cent, sulphur. This distillation is also performed in tubes. The residues still the yinn being carried to the lead process and added in the roasting furnace. containing arsenic, are treated like the lead ores in the next paragraph. The dry ores (DUrrerze), are so culled from the absence of lead. In this country Arsenical lead ores are roasted in a reverberatory furnace which has a hearth they would be called diatiucUvely allver ores, for their valuable part couaists of 14 feet loDg aud 10 foot wide. In order to prevent the pa.s8age of sparks and soot true silver minerals. They are worked with the lead ores in the shaft fomaoe, into the flues where the arsenic condenses, the ordinary fireplace is replaced by a and therefore come in the regular series. But if their quantity is too great to be simple gas generator. This is formed by merely sinking the grate about 3i feet disposed of in this way, they can be melted in a reverberatory with slag from the below the firebridge, and in the shaft thus produced coke is burned. Combus¬ fusion for lead, and than belong to the preparatory aeries. This was formerly tion takes place only in tbe lower part of the coke column, and the upper port is the basis of the Freiberg treatment. Now it is, at most, an exceptional opera¬ not heated sufficiently to decrepitate. The charge is about 2,000 pounds, which tion. is roasted in six hours, at an expense of 275—330 pounds coke; each furnace has a special flue 800 feet long, in which a perfectly white dust, free from^ soot, [PREPAEATOEY SERIES OF OPERATIONS. aud suitable for the market, collects. BoattingChief among these operations is roasting, or the removing of the A Zinc ores censist of blende, which^is roasted with great care in reverberatories, sulphur. For this,’ four varieties of furnace are used : 1. kilns ; 2. Oerstenhbfer by which tbe amount of sulphur is reduced to one and a half per cent The furnaces ; 3. Wellner’s stalls ; 4. reverberatory furnaces. The first two are con¬ roasted ore is then distilled in Bilesian mufiSes, and the residues from tbe distil¬ nected with the sulphuric acid chambers. Kilus are used for ore in lumps, and lation are mixed with the roasted p3rritiferoas ores, and treated as described in for Those in which ore is roasted are 10 feet high, and 7X6 foet in sec¬ the next paragraph. These residues contain 9—12 per cent zinc ; 1—2 per cent, tion : those for matte are x>. feet high, and 10X6 feet in section, the long side in copper ; aud 0 03—0.04 per cent (8‘7—11’6 ounces) silver. both leases forming the front. They have numerous small side openings through Pyriliferoua ores are pyrites containing blende. They^have from '15—29 per which the workmen can observe and regulate the operation. The charge for the cent, of zinc; 1—2 per cent copper; 0'015—0*045 per cent silver; and more than 20 larger furnaces is 1,760 to 2,200 pounds, and for the smaller 650 to 1,300 pounds. per cent of sulphur. Their treatment is one of tbe most peculiar in the whole range A charge is drawn every twelve hours, so that one kiln roasts in twenty-four of metallurgy. It is impossible to utilize the zinc they contain as metal, ond yet hours, of matte 3,500—4,400 pounds, and of ore 1,300—2,600 pounds. No fuel it must be eliminated, if the ore is to lie charged in the fusion for lead, whe re a is ns^il The sulphur is reduced to 8 per cent When it is necessary to roast high percentage of zinc would seriously disturb the operation. The ore is, there¬ the coarse ore or matte more thorouglUy, Wellner’s stalb are employed. These fore, powdered fiue, and roosted first in a Gerstenhbfer furnace, liesidues from have grates upon which a fire is maintained, by which tbe sulphur is more tho¬ the zinc diNtillation are then added, and the whole is roasted in a reverberatory. roughly removed than can be done by any heat produced by its own combustion. The roasted ore is then mixed with coke slack and brown coal, and smelted at a But as sulphur is needed in the shaft furnace, the re-roasting of these coarse high heat in a reverberatory furnace. The zinc oxide which bos bc-eu formed ores is rather exceptional. in roasting, is now reduced to metul and volatilized, but immediately oxidizes • For fine ores, the Qerstenhbfer furnace is employed for preliminary roasting. again in tbe air, and collects in the flues in the form of a gray dust. This ope¬ The form of this, as is well known, is that of an upright shaft containing trian¬ ration is conducted at a nearly white heat. About two-thirds the zinc is removed gular bricks, reaching from side to side, the upper surfaces of which form shelves in this way, and the product—called dezincing residue—contains all tho iron and on which the ore periodically rests. These furnaces have not answered the ex¬ not quite one-third the zinc of the original charge. The regular charge con¬ pectations formed of them, and they are retained at Freiberg more as the best sists of construction in some respects that has yet been devised for finely crushed ores. 30 roasted ore ; , 1 *3 brown coal; . 1 *6 coke slack. ♦ban M a thorough roasting apparatus. They do not reduce the sulphur beyond From four to six charges are fused in twenty-four hours ; and th? expense of 12 or 13 per cent., and are used as a preparation for reverberatories. The roast¬ fuel, according to the average of five days run in September, 1869, was : For re¬ ing is not always uniform ; but for fine ore, they are almost the only resort of the duction 11*5 ; on the grate 30*8 ; total 42-3 per cent. smelter, who wishes to utilize his sulphur in the manufacture of sulphuric acid. Products. “ Roasting only to 13 per cent, these furnaces require to be supplemented by Re8i(lues=±0-0]2 per cent (3i oz.) silver, 8--10 per cent. zinc. reverberatories, an interesting variety of which is found at Freiberg. They are Speise, usually amounting to 4 per cent, of the ore. It contains 0 18 per cent. all long furnaces, the ore gradually advancing from the cool to the hot end. (5.2 oz.) silver, 2 per cent lead, and 10 per cent copper. Three kinds are in use, double hearth furnaces of 47 and of 76 feet hearth length, Lead is sometimes produced. It is very impure, forms about 0.16 per rent of and single hearth furnaces ; both sizes of the former have upper hearths of the the ore, and contains 1 *3 per cent. (389 oz.) silver. width of 6 feet, aud lower hearths of 5 feet 6 inches. It was found that the shorter Flue dust which forms about 10 per cent of the ore, and con tuns 0*005 per furnaces did their work just os well as the longer, in less time and with less la¬ cent (li oz.) silver, 10 per cent load, 24 per cent zinc, and 30 per cent, bor. . In building a new fumaoe, it was therefore made of 47 feet hearth sulphuric acid. The dust near tbe furnace contains a great deal of sulphu¬ length, the upper hearth 7 feet wide and the lower 6 feet 6 inches. These doable ric acid. It is lixiviated and tbe residues returned to the furnace. The re¬ hearth furnaces, and especially the old forms, which have a fiue on top, are ex¬ mainder Is sold as paint
tremely hard to keep in repair ; and trial was made at the Halsbriioke works, of a TO BE CONTtUUED. single hearth furnace, 48 feet long and 10 feet wide. This gives more hearth room than the longest of the old furnaces, and allows doors to be made on both The Chesapeake and Ohio Mining Region. sides ; while the two-banked furnaces mostly have doors on one side only, a dis¬ position which makes it very difficult to move ore that lodges between the doors. Recent explorations more than confirm all that has hitherto been said of the This furnace roasts fully as well as tbe older forms, and also disposes of about 50 variety, richness and abundance of the iron ores along the line of the Ches:- per cent, more material peakeand Ohio Railroad, and their superior quality and value for tbe purposes of commerce. They consist of very rich brown hematitis, magnetic, fossili- The Gerstenhbfer furnaces aud the kilns are connected with a system of flues, ferous, argilliicecu'*, specular and other varieties, required for the manufacture in which the arsenic, which forms a constituent of almost all tbe pyrites, is con¬ of superior qualities of iron and steel, which can bo produced, as is shown by densed. From the flues the sulphurous acid vapors pass to the lead chambers, actual demonstretion, upon tbe line of this road cheaper than anywhere else in where sulphuric acid is made. This condensation system is peculiar in having' the United States. In the immediate vicinity of tbe iron ores there is an abund¬ canals next the acid chambers, formed of sheet lead, by which the gas is ance of limestone suitable for iron manufacture, and tbe railroad will bring with¬ so much cooled os to insure the most thorough precipitation of the arsenic. The in easy reach tbe cheap and abundant coals of tbe New River and Kanawha gas also reaches the chambers in the best condition for condensation. The re¬ which are especially adapted for tie use cf iron furnaces. verberatory furnaces have a ^>ecial system of canals, in which a dust, very rich Those favorable conditions for the manufacture of iron have attracted in¬ in arsenic, collects. As the-gas is>-iiot utilizable for sulphuric acid, the canals creased attention during the past six months. Large tracts of iron ore lands end in a High chinaney. With this description of the means for roasting, we will have been taken up. Arrangements have been already made for the erection of ' pass to the treatment of the various sorts of ore which areaobjected to it. several Urge furnaces on the line of the road ; those prsvionaly in opeaition Fyriles .—The coarse ors is roasted in kilns to about 8 per cent, and if desired, are preparing for renewed activity and enlarged production, and numerous it is re-roasted in stalls. The fine ore first passes through the Gerstenhofer fur- other eimilar enterprisee are in progress and nearing oompletion.
i January 28, i873.] THE ENGINEERING AND MINING JOURNAL. 53
THE OPAL TRADE. Iron Company wUl mine next year between 2,000,000 and Plklladelplkla M BoaWwTit' Ratnirond and 2,500,000 tons from its own lands, and indading this pro- Brsutoltes. New Tobk, Jed. 23d, 1873. dnot it is beUeved that the entire production of coal npon COAL TONMAOE The Anthracite trade is ttill doll. New price lists have its estates will amount to at least 4,100,000 tons daring For tbs Week sndlng Saturdar, Jan. 18, 18TX been isttned by some companies. The Pennsylvania Com¬ the year 1873. pany’s terms are Total tor Oorrss- Inorsasa As wo said last week, mining has been to some extent Week. n'g week and Lamp- $4 40 resumed in the Scboylkill region, bat the product goes last year. Dsersasa. Steamer.. 4 40 almost entirely to the hne trdde. The tracks at Port Pseeina evsr Main Lins sod Qrate- . 4 40 Lemval. Branch . - . 43,003 05 i %m0 13 . 4 40 Richmond arc torn up fur the purpose of making a tun¬ For Kbipment by Canal - I’RK. Sbmped Westward via North¬ Ktovf*. . 4 80 nel, and heavy operations will not recommence nntil the ern Central R. K. - 6,531 12 1 i.ax X Cliestnul . 4 40 Bbipued West or South from conditions for busim-ss sre bet'er. Fins Urovs - . - . 633 II I 341 13 The Delaware aud Hudson Canal Company’s prices Dttaiiilnoas Coal. Contamsd on Laterals 4,Hfo(« I 9081^ Lehigh and Wyoming Coal 7,718 00 i 6,014 X are The soft coal trade presents an aspect quite the re¬ is Fornsco Lamp t4 60 verse of that of the anthracite business. There is a great Total Anthracite paying ireig't X.331 IT 47,3a 19 Steamer. . 4 70 Bituminous .... 6,864 12 10,001 U6 demand. Prices are np, sales lisving been made at $7.25 Orate. .. 4 80 Total of all kinds paying freig't 67,026 10 07.737 X i 9.369 01 Egg.:. . 5 (.5 and quotations ranging from $7.50 to $8.0*1, Goal is not Ooal for Company's use - 8,839 05 7,OX 13 i 1.8X 13 Stove. . 5 55 plenty, on account of shipments at Baltimore having been Total Tonnage for Week - 75,970 10 Cbestnat. . 4 60 61,747 IT il 11.327 18 hindered by ice, and because the Pennsylvania railroad Previonsly this year . - - 4l8,(i67 04 439,340 19 d 33,106 IS Free on board at Weehawkanj 50 cents additional de¬ eontinaes to seize operator’s eual to run its cars. It was Total to date .... 493.003 10 ^993 16 d 11.8X IT livered in New Fork. designed to unload no less than 150 cars a day at Amboy, SHIFPRI) BT OaifAL. Prices for Wilkesbarre coal are:— daring the winter, but we are informed that the number From Bebnylkill Haven - “ Port Clinton - - - j Furnico Lamp $4 45 that have really came through by this ronte, is uot a Steamer. . 4 55 tithe of this. The road is driven to this meisnre by the Total Tonnage per Week - Orate. 4 65 Previonsly Ibis year ... continuance of the strike in Clearfield, a difficulty which 1 Ebk. . 4 90 Tolslto date - - - - 1 6.0M X ' 13.300 16 'd 6.761 IS Stove. . 5 85 there is no present prospect of ending. lleport of Coal Transported over Central H.U. CUestuat. 4 45 Id addition to the other tronbles of the bitominous of N. J. (Lelilgik and 8nsq, Dtv.) Free on board at Port Johnston; 50 cents additional to dealers, is a break in the Gnmberland and Broad Top Week ending January 1C—Uomparsd with aams tima laat jraar. New York. road. The accumnlatioii of all these difficnlties at once,
The New York dealers are less excited over the action has placet the soft coal trade in a doubtful condition. WKKX WEBB TBSB TBAB WUXBB SBIPPED PBOU 1873., 1871. 1873 1871. of the Reading road than their brethren In Philadelphia. Gas coals are rimply out of the market as they have been tons ot tonsot. tons owt. toas.ewt. In fact, the retsil trade in New York has long been Just for weeks past. Wyoming Region . . 37127 11 34S47 IS 747M X 61071 01 w here Mr. Gowen will put that of Philadelphia, and looks Wo publish this week among our tables, the annnsl Upper Lehigh Region . 4163 X 3030 X lUIX 13 9960 03 Beaver Meadow Region 4W3 03 lUI 13 IXM 10 03XX upon the struggle with iudilTerence. statement of production in the Gnmberland region. llasleton Region , . . 486 13 ‘(48 10 834 X 637 IS Manoh CbunK Region . 9160 10 3478 13 16403 (|» 16M3 X The annual report oi the Beading road contained Reaching back, as the table does, tc the beginning of ex¬ I'raeoaow Region. the tollowing points of interest: portation from that region, it shows bow steadily and in Uahanoy Region . . . what an increasing ratio the mimng of soft coal has ToUls 0X23 X 33006 18 1131X X 84237 U Comparative statement of the receipts of 1871 and Increase 33300 11 37933 X 1872 1871. 1872. grown. Decrease Travel....$1,541,395 $1,786,962 Forwarded East of Mob Chunk by Rail . 41703 10 243KX 8X18 X $030 04 Merchandise. ... 2,306,641 2,688,060 Aiitlimclle Coal Trade for 1871 and 187‘4. Forwarded Kaat of Meb Coal. ... 8,287.293 7,518,115 (Ihunk by Canal. . . Tbe lollowina tabi* ezhibiU tbs quantity of Antbraoite Uoal Delivarad at and above 5Iail. ... 36 678 39,1)18 Meneb Chunk 39X 10 nil 04 eix K 4776 X tiaaaiDR over tbe following routea of tranaportatioo for tbs waak L. V. R. H at Paeker*n 1033 14 8K X 2X3 X 916 X Kliecellaneous. ... 290,834 97,018 endiiig Jan. IS, 1873, osmiiarad, witb tha weekaading Jan. X, Delivara to L. A B. R. 0161 19 IsT2. B.at PlymonUiBridge 4484 11 63XX MT7 X 9814 IT Gross receipts...... 1*2,562,843 12,125,038 ToUls . . Gross expentes. ... 7,555,903 8,('63,512 1H7«. 1HT3. COMFANIRA. Of the above there was WEEK. TOTAl,. WEEK. TOTAle. transported on a(«'nt Net profits . .... 6,006,940 4,061,496 of L.&AN. Co. 10440 13 Xt4 14 31913 16 304W 07 *l'hila A KuadiiiK K.Kt.. tT.XiS 353,963 60,331 400,(1X W.-B.O. A 1. Co.. 19313 11 16183 II, 377X X S8J16 11 The transportation in 1872 was as follows *'
Statlstios of the Cumberland Coal Trade. aeport orcoal Tramaported orer LteblglR Valley Railroad non txa coiaaMODcxtiT. Report of eoel tonnace for ttao weak ending Jan. IS, 1872, with Compiled Irom OflUnel Sonroee by 0. Black, HoddI Skrage, Maryland. total! to date, compared with eaine time laat year. TABLE No. 1.—DcTAne or PsoDuonoK or 1872.
1873. Total Wyoming. 14.707 06 73.794 01 “ Hazleton. 3u,599 04 185.067 10 Local. ToUI. 1 Inereaae. III 09 4)e 19 13.176 10 72.7C 13 3,619 02 3l,i)i)l U TOV6. lOAi. j Tons. 43 la 186 06 62.306 17 mtU 00 r^jlH^aakion Coal CoBpaoy. Kama time laet year. 5S.0S4 12 43?,621 05 Increaee. 3,212 36 O^r^'B Croefc Coal and Iroi Oecreaee.. 67,407 06 j^Btarlcaa Coal Op. Bordan a!nln(| Co. WMwIaad Coi Co..... and Baittmora Co INational).. (Va Uisee) wiaakHn Coal Co.....••• •• VirglnU Coal wd Iron Co. pi^inoDt Coal and Iron Co PotomaoOoal Co. iJ26.iii.iw CO. LinooliiOoalOo.... wirtlftthl*" COe....* l^ioe^C^JOo. B«VainOpiaOo. p^rfcTC Qoal .. 1,482,640.
I 62,306 17 I 870,214 00
BBOATlTDlATIOllBr Cnmbarland It PenaaylranU Railroad to B. & O. B. B. Friers of Coal by tbe Car(o. to C. k O. Canal, to Fenzt. B. B. ICOBSKOTED WEEgl/T 1 to Local ax MEW TOBK, AT PHILADELPfllA
Ctunberland Branch Boad to B. d 0. B. B.. Company Coals. •• •• “ to 0. d O. Lanai, <1 •< <• to Local, January. 1873. L. Rtr. Ora. Kg. Kto. Cheat Hampehire and Baltimora Co. to B. ft 0. R. R. •CHsrantoD at K. Port.4 UO 8 95 4 10 4 40 6 00890 Virginia liotl ft Iron Co., Pitteton at Weehawicen.4 40 4 40 4 40 4 40 4H)4 40 ‘lachawana at Weebawken...4 '40 4 30 4 40 4 66 6 lA 4 VO Oaa Coal ahlppod during year. Total Toni In 1872, Wilk’b'reat Hoboken.4 26 4 3i 4 45 4 70 5 16 4 i'S Old Co. Lebirb at Pi. John’n 6 25 — 4 85 4 8J 5 15 4 15 Lehiah at Kliz. Port. 6 00 - 4 75 4 75 6 10 4 15 For freiubta to dilTornot poinU see “ Kreigbln *To contraoiora only. Kreigbts.—January, 1873
Cumberland. Anthracite.
Total.
Tons.
6,166 0,784; 9.7841 .... 14,«9'>' Amefebury. lS,73si 10,016! 10.915 .... 246.58 Bangor . 11,240; 18,5&sl 18 666; .... 29.795 Batb. 30,616; 83.826 82,82' 62,94) BoKton. 86.671 48,000 48,000, Bridgeport. ....I 79 671! Bristol . 63.676' 78.7711 78.773' ....I 112 449 .... CobaaaetNar’owe 76 930 U8.023 ' 876 119.898 _ 193 800 4.042 Derby. injil 108,108; 816401 188,848! .... 174 701 83 973 Uighton. 174 J»l 180 9»< 10 863 160.3871 ....i _ 268 459 65.719 East Cambridge. 384,441 166,378; 70.686 336418 78,7-16; EaUUiver.«. .... 876,219 187.760 liaokenaaok. 31-1,6841 178,880 03J14 386.691, 181,803 _I 6)3,886 165,845 Hartford. 1714)56! 07,710; 100.801 108 401 337 346 65 670 478,4fV6 183.786 Hoboken 167,8811 171,048! 106.140 327,094 269,310 42,766 602.831), 204 I3u; .leraey City. 186,917; 88,673 64.000 142.673 263.368 61 628 466,912, 116 674 Lynn. 314.780; 68,009 87.689 168 648 318 818 63 060 896 4
[187271041 W2,616‘ 194,684! 1163,6281141016641 7040,lU0. 22,0211 21,-268,686 Catekill. Cockaackie. Coerman'a. Cold Hpring. Fiahkin. Harerstraw. Hudson.. Imalutwanna «a waoEern n-ait noaa Del a. wars and Hudson Canal Company. New York.. Oonapamy* Coal mined and forwarded by the Delaware and Hud Nyack. Poughkeepeie.. 18«** Hi® ending Saturday, January Rhinebock. nw.1 treneported on the Delaware, Laokawanna, ft Wastem a»wn.«.A tor tha waabandlng Saturday. Jan. 80, 1878. Bondont. vnrti. WEES. agas bangertiee. -WESS. TXAE. Sing bing. . 1, Stoyrasant. Tons. Owt. Tona Cwt. Tarry town. ■hlppad north, 19,739 IS 83,898 06 l-roy. ttlp^ Smith. 89,766 07 99.266 19 • V • • • .08 121,08 West Point. Yonken . Total. .48,870 16 180,72 . 6.448 10 21,01 St. Thomas.f6 00 0) re* tha Corraspondlag tlma lart Tsar Martiniqne. 6 00 Damerara. 6 00, Sbippad north. . New Orleans... 6'0 SUppad South.. DeoreeaeNo'th. . Mobile. 6 00 Xocreaae bonth. . Foreign and Provincial Fratgikt Total.. W,8' 16741T 16 Deoreaee South..’.V.V.V.V. V. Jannaiy, UTS. JOMfgg. 48,661 07 Newoaatleand Porte on Tyne, per keel of 91 Id teas £! *^*®^***8**». 3348 18 eo-TA Urerpool, I per oeat priaiage
I January 28, 1873.. THE ENGINEERING AND MINING JOURNAL; 55
TO irxw xou. over the tint tiz months, until they colminsted in the I which in Jsnusry ooal4 hsre been resdiiy obtained at 28s. . IS » month of May with an incresse of nearly 42,000 tons for per box, rose until, in July, a maximum of from 4Sb. to ..’..V... IM month, and a total incresse for the six months amount- 488. according to quality was asked for the same deserip- Fort » w Ing to the astounding quantity of 223,391 tons in excess o [ won. 'ihese prices, however, had the effect of restrlot- LittieGiaoe B*y.m MTos.* •** »“ 1871. The total exports up to ing business, and a reduction on the part of makers had . . 3 M June 30lh, 1871, being 453,993, and for 1872 to same'date, to be submitted to, and SOs. to 33s. were the quotations .V r ;; i; sJS 677,384 tons. Pnces sympathizing wUh tuu great de- preralent during Deoember, but values in common with KortCalvdoni*'’. !! I! V. 3 00 maud gradually advanced. Until iu July, 137s. 6d. was at-1 iron and tin are again reviving, and it would be Very diffl- LatUUlacsUay .. Uined. This, together with the high prices asked for cult to place any largo orders at our quotiUons, which in . makers’ iron, bad au adverse effect on shipments, which I the present rather anomalous position of the trade must MMARKET ARKET REVIEW. declined during the next few months, but revived in De- bo considered as purely nominal. Present prices are New Yobs, Jan. 23,1873. cember with such an invigorating effect on values, that 1 34s. to S8s. per box. Ibox—The market ^or Sooteh Pig is very quiet. There prices, which declined to 878. 6d. in November, have again I gpaLTBB—This metal, like lead, has been marked by is no inquiry from consumers, except to met t their im- advanced, and close at the end of the year at 120s., with I ytue variation in prices, but the extreme rates payable by mediate a ante, and not much business i» now looked for every symptom of further improvement being experienced I the smelters for ores and fuel have rendered their voca- until near the opening of navigation. We note sale of in the present year. The make of tlcotob pig iron for j tion an nnremunerative one, and, in consequence, some 200 tons Eglinton, to close out a consignmtnt, $50,50, ex 1872 is estimated at 1,090,000 tons, and the present stock of the English smelters during the year have discontin- sliip, and about 300 do. Garteherrie on private terms, in amolters’ yards and Connal’s sioreo may be taken as 1 ned producing, which it is hoped will prove beneficial to now held at about our quotations. Ameitcan continues about 200,00i> tons, both these items showing a decrease I those remaining in the trade. Prices of English best firm, with an upward tendency, sales having been made on the returns for the years 1870 and 1871. In the Clove-1 wore, in January, £22 10s. to £23; in April and May it (noted birlow) at $49 for No. 1, and $48 for No. 2, now land district at the commencement of the year, the stock 1 advanced to £23 158. to £24, and since then has remained generally hold for higher figures. We note sales of 250 amonnted to 68,331 tons, which lias beeu gradually de-1 at about these prices, with an upward tendency. Silesian, tons Al'entovn at $49, 200 do. No. 1, and 200 do. No. 2 X creased, until at present it mTy be estimated there is less I best brands at ontporls. was quoted at £22 to £23 during Crane 148*49. New English Rails are quiet, and though than 50.000 tons available for any sudden emergency. I the greater portion of the year, aud is now somewhat generally firmly held at about $72*74,gold, still, in ab- The make of pig iron in this district for the tw^ve months stiffer, the stock being reported as very smsll. There is scence of buMinecs, these prices are somewhat uomiuaL ending 3l8t December, 1872, may be taken as about I every indication of a good future for this metaL Old are without buaiuesB of moment, aud may bo quoted, 2,0(K),*tO0 (two millions) tons, and from the above state-1 Mamosmbse—We are mostly dependent for outhere- $55i56 curri-ncy, and $52, gold. New American may be ment it would appear that the whole of this vast prodno. I sources of other countries, but specially Spain. Its im- quoted about $ "A at the mil sin Ponusylvania; contracts tion has been shipped or gone into consumption, together I portaiion since 1869 has greatly lessened, but the supply for alKiut 609() tons hive besu made by a Western mill, with 20,00 tons of the surplus stock of 1871. A natural I fairly meets the demand, in consequence of its lessened ou terms not made publio. Scrap is without aot,vity, coUatoral increase has arisen in the value of this iron, aud I qm in certain manufactures. several small lots have changed hands at about $60 from the price which oommenood in January at 65t. for No. 3,1 Pteitks—Has received a favorable advance during the yard, and $45 from dock ; 40i) tons No. 1 Wrought sold is now quoted at a uomiaal rate of 100s. for delivery over j year, and the quantity used has been enormous. The im- from dock at $15 for No. 1, and a small lot of Cast at $37, this year, but with few makers who are in a position or 1 ports, which amounted to 230,000 tons in 1868, have since cash, lb fined Bar from store, is stradv and firm at desirous to make contracts for any large quantity even at I increased to over 630,000 tons. li the manufacture of previous quotations, with a moderate demand. Burden’s this price. In manufactured iron a corresponding ad-1 sulphuric acid is the best iudex to the prosperity of a H.B. & 8. and the Pittsburg Mills, have advanced their vance has in the ordinary sequence of events taken country, we have here evidence that our course Is pro- Mill price I-IO of a cent. place; and bar iron, which in January was quoted at £10,1 gressive. Bkad—pig remains very quiet; ordinary Foreign may gradually rose nutil in July it touched £16, but afterwards I Zinc Obi.—The active demand which has prevailed for be auotod nominally 6ia64 cents gold. Bar 9^ cents receded, and now £11 to £12 per ton may be considered I spelter or zinc has greatly increased the value of the ores Sheet and Pipe lOJ, and Tin-lined Pipe 16^, usual dit- (the average prices. Makers, however, are chary of ao-1 from which it la extracted. Foreign prodneers have failed oonattoibe Trade. oopting specification at those comparatively low rates, | in snpplying ns with their nsnsl quota of Calamine, which Goffcb.—New Sheathing is steady at 43 cents, and [ and another advance is considered as probable. j baa adso tended to enhance the value of the domisUe Bolts and Braziers 45. Bronze and Yellow Metal Sheath- \ Bteel.—The demand for steel has kept pace with iron, 1 product, sulphide of zinc or blonde, and stimulated fiir- logs 27, and Y. M. Bolts 32 net cash. Cables from Eng- and has almost exceeded that metal in the shape of I l^*ir operations for its procnral. As the demand is still laad adrise rather lower prices for Pig, and the market «> Bessemer” for rails, tbe makers of which are all heavily j in excess of the supply, higher prices will most prcbablj ^ here is nut so buoyant. Damestic is pretty well bus- engaged In their production, with every prospect that ensue. A small quantity of Calamine has been raised in taiubd. but English is offered more freely at a little their producing powers will be further tested by the an- Ireland, but Us production has not yet been attended with easier figures. V e note sales of 150,000 lb. Lake at 84|a tieipated extension of railway enterpriso during the open- j “T profit. 85 cents cash and beginning of next month ; 25,000 lb. ing year. - I Eowabd SaiinEL,SAHtTEL, nndernoder date of Pblladoipbia, January, Baitimore, on private terms ; 50 tons B. 8. Euglieb, 30Ja Coffeb.—This metal has been an exoeptlon to the gen-122,1878, says : 31; 30a4'i do. 80, 30 days ; and 25 do , to arrive, on terms eneral rule of prosperity which has been the charactena-1 The market in pig remains unchanged, and prices are nut made public. tic of onr trade during the past twelve months, and com-1 firm under oootlnued inquiry from the East. Scotch Bfelteu.—There has been more activity and higher menced with English ingots at a value of £91; this, after I irona are higher and firmer. Old rails have sold as high prices have been paid; sales 50 tons Silesian at $6.87ia$7, some slight finctnations, waa followed by an advance of 1 ts $57 currency, for Pbllad’a delivery and have advanced and 75 do. part leading brands $7.15 gold, now held at £5 per ton, and by others nominally until, in Jane, the I abroad, about five shillings forDSs. Wrought scrap ia $7.12^4$7.25 gold. Domaetie isqnoted at 10^ oairency. official list stood at £116. where it remained until Sep-1 in fair demand. There is considerableinqiilryforjper- SiBEL.* Continues steady and strong as for a longtime tember, when successive rodnetions brought the price I chant bars, but apparently there are few mills booking pait, with a scarcity of all tbe leading aizes, especially down to *93, at which it now remains officially, althongb I orders at 4—6 cents base, which is the nominal Philad'a of Cast Steel Sheet. transactions during the past few months have been I mill price IiM.—Cables from London, nnder date of 18lb inat. made considerably under this rate. The course of the Below are the highest and lowest quotations for dif- qnote Straits £116, which is £4 higher, but there is no re- market, however, during the past fortnight has shown I ferent makes. spouse here, and the market remains as dnll as before, considerable signs of improvement, and smelters are now I American No. 1, foundry pig, at fnmaoe, $45—$48; We have only to notice the sale of 100 slabs Straits at 81^ anticipating that they may shortly be enabled to share in I American No. 2, foundry pig, at fnmaoe, $43—$46; Ame- cents ; Banua nominally 36s36t; and English the stock the emolnmonts which their more fortunate brethren in I rlcan No. 8, forge, at furnace, $87—40; Amerioan No. 4, of whioU is light. Sl^aOl^ all gold. The market for other branches of the metal trade have been lately en-1 white and mottled, at furnace, $82—$83'; Scotch pig. Plates his been more active, and with an inoreaeed bnsi- Joving'. I (cargo lots, for shipment,) $49—$50; old rails, DHs, (fbr nesi', there is a much firmer feeling ; $11 gold has been Lead.—The conrjM of prices in lead have been marked I shipment here,) $50-$51, gold; old rails, DHs, (on the refused for large parcels of fair brands Charcoal Tin. by great uniformity throughout the past year. In Janu- spot and for arrival,) $49—$60, Ts 60 0 per ton Ism ; No. Sales have been of 500 bxs. Coke Tin, 14 by 20, at ary, English soft pig lead was quoted at £19, and between 1, wrought scrap, (ex- ship,) $49-$52, enrrenoy ; No. I $9 87iatl0 ; 500 do. Cnaroal.Tcrne, $10,12Ja$10,25 ;^500 this price and £20 it continued until May, after which, in wrought scrap, (tor shipment hero, from abroad) $40— bxi. do,, $10.25 all gold ; 500 do. 1000 do. Coke Tin,*and June, It advanced to £21, and since then has varied be- $50, currency; American refined bar, (mill price,) 44 cU.; 1500 do. Charcojl Tin, the latter for forward delivery, on tween that price, £20, and £21 lOs , to 22, closing with currency; Amerioan common bar, (mUl p. ice,) $87.50— private terms. manufacturers exceedingly well off for orders, and not $90, currency ; American rails, (at mill,) $82-$84, oor- From a very interesting review of the EegUsh meUl desirous of entering further lots except at the highest rency; English raUs (ex. ship, N. Y.,) $72^—$74, gold, trade for 1872, by Messrs. J. Berger, Spence A Co., Ukentaken rates. Kan Kraneiseo Ktock Hnrket. from the CdUiei'y Ouardian, of Jan. 3d, wo extract the Tnr.—An extraordinary demand for tin plates, conplod following: The year just closed baa been one unprece- with specnlation in the raw material, bM oaosed this BT TZLIOBATH. dented in the annals of the metal trade, and the expert- metal to finctnate considerably in value, and has operated Nxw Yobs, Jan. 28, 1872. euco of those llie longest engaged have been equally at adversely to the interests of all those engaged in its con- Onr report from the San Francisco Stock B^ardBnard is fault with tlioaa quite new to it; in deed the latter, from sumption. The year opened with English ingots at £145; fitted the 19th inst. Witbont txci ptiwn the market has the erratic course of prices, have in more instances than but, from the above causes, the prices varied until in May fieclined. Savage, Yellow Jacket and Eentnck figuring one had the advantage of their elder competitors, who it had advanced to £164. This extreme rate was soon most piomineolly lu the downward tendenoies. The generally have been guided in their transactions by the followed by a reaction, and the price gradually gave way report is as follows: ordinary traditions and parallel examples of former years until in the beginning af December the lowest point was Ibo5.—The year 1872 commenced with a stoca of Scotch touched at £i41, wbiah has again been succeeded by a orownPoint'.'.!'.;,”;;;;;;;”;;”.;!;.'.'.'.'.'’’ -_ SSS pig iron held on warrants to the extent of 372,720 tons, rise, and the English smelters are not now free sellers at ir*„"noil***'***. .. — CO— aud holders askiog 728. 6d. per ton for it. Tbeshipmenta the present list price of £144. uaoiiarPotosi...... — 4Stf r “Wsw Issas”. 14 lasae”. .. •• n 56 THE ENGINEERING AND MINING JOURNAL. [January j8. 1873.
NEW PUBLIOATIONS. We have been greatly impressed and pleased by the large new seetional and topographiosl map of the Slate, Silver-lead and Iron Begions of the Upper A HAin>BooE or Cksiooai. Tio»oi>oot. By Bodolt Waoww, Ph. D., Profewior of Ch«u>ieal Teohnoloffy at the UniTMaity of Wartzborr- Tranalatod and Peninsula of Michigan, prepared by Mr. Otmab Dbssleb, a akillfnl mining and •dHod from the eigbth German edition, with extenaire additiout, by 'William civil engineer, ofNegauoee, Mich., and lithographed in remarkably fine style Caooxia, F. B. 8. New York : D. Aptleton A Co., 1872. by Mr. Julius Bum, of New York. Tiie execution of the map reflects high eredit It ia no easy matter to oondenee ao mnltifariona a aoience aa teebnolo^y into on Mr. Bizm, and may serve as a model to American map-publishers. One is the oompaaa of a Tolnme which ia not too large for handy reference. Snub a not ashamed to hang such work upon the wall. But aside from its beauty, the work reqairea the moet intimate and practical knowledge of the anbjeet, power map is so valuable for reference as to be quite indispensable to all persons in of terse atatement and a perception of what the average reader reqairea to know. any way interested in the region which it comprises. We know of no other, Each one of these ia nanally the reaalt of nataral gift and long training com¬ in existence, which covers on so large a scale, or on any scale large enough for bined, and it ia rare to find them united in one person. Da. Waobteb, in many details, so great aa extent of this Lake Superior peninsula. This one gives all reapeota, fnlfils the oonditiona. Ha baa a repa«ation foanded on years of able the country from L’Anse, on Keweenaw Bay, in the Northwest, to Eicanoba in work, and ia the editor of a year-book of new disooTeriea within the range ot the Southeast. Moreover, it is thoroughly reeen^ giving all improvements, rail¬ chemical technology. His book is indeed excellent in the department which roads, etc., and showing the boundaries of the properties of the old, newer and above all others bears, and properly bears, the name of chemical technology ; newest companies, the locations of mines, furnaces, etc. Special interest will that is to say, the prodnclion of the erode materials used in industrial chemistry, doubtless attach at this time to the careful representation of the newly-opened he¬ and second, the methods of that industry. We find here snob subjects as dye¬ matite region around Negaunee, the lately discovered slate region on Huron Bay, ing, with all the recent discoveries, excellently treated. In fact, the whole and the Michigami and Menomenee districts which are now attracting to much range of subjects from “crude materials" to “ beat," may fairly be said to have speculative attention. The topography of the map has been carefully compiled received as good an exposition as the space at hand allows. But the book opens from the plots and notes in the Government land office, and greatly adds to the with a chapter on metallurgy, which is anything but a success. It is impossi¬ appearance and intrinsic value of the map. We learn that copies can be ob¬ ble to go over the whole ground of this science in 117 pages of any book. But tained of Mr. Julius Bizii, New York Lithographic and Engraving Company, we have a right to expect that the ground principles of metallurgy shall be clearly Park Place, New York, or by direct application to Mr. Dbesleb, at Negaunee. • and correctly defined. That, however, la not done. Instead essaying that there are four methods of obtaining lead from its ores, namely : two simple- roasting and reaction, and precipitation ; and two oomponnd—roasting and re¬ Blast Furnace Explosion. duction, and roasting and precipitation ; we are told that “ lead is obtained Mowticzllo, Pa., January 20, 187.3. from galena, either by the precipitation method or by roasting.” Further on we To TEE Editob : are told that “sometimes iron ores and slegs of iron works are applied, in Sib—A terrific explosion occurred at Montioello furnace (McKnight, Porter which case the oxygen of these substances aids the desulpburation." This, how¬ A Co.’s) at 1 o’clock on the morning of the 18th inst., by which the engine ever, is not a surprising statement to one who has perused the previous pages house was entirely destroyed, the blowing engine, which was an improved up¬ on iron. To particularize the faults of this metallurgical division, would take right engine, in uhc about six months, considerably damaged, and air pipes and far too much room. The fact is, metallurgy should no longer form a chapter in air receiver were burst, and very much injured. The founder, Thomas Oaelet, our technologies. It is a science by itself, and its votaries are forced to study had gone home at midnight, supposing all was right The engineer bad ne¬ it by itself. That peculiar compound of high scientific attainment, sound sense, glected to tell him that the water in the cisterns was very low, and the pumps and intimate knowledge of practice which is necessary to the ideal metallurgist, working badly. At half-past three the water failed entirely at the tuyeres, and forbids bis becoming an expert in dyeing, gas-making, and the distillation of the consequent burning of all the tuyeres let a quantity of water into the fur¬ whiskey or of oil. We trust Dr. Waonxa in future editions will omit a chapter nace. An immense amount of gas was generated, which rushed through the that blemishes an otherwise admirable work. Besides the defects of matter, the hot blast furnace and boilers, heating the flues and chimneys red hot. The cuts illustrating furnaces too often represent obsolete forms, just as the text second engineer, who came on turn at midnight, stopped the engine, when the describes antiquated processes. gas rushed through the tuyeres and back through the pipes into the engine Nor can much be said in favor of the work of translation. The text in the room, where it was ignited by a burning lamp, and exploded. ITobody was se¬ ohspter on metallurgy abounds in words misused, and the author is often made riously injured, the engineer having gone out to the boilers just before the ex¬ to say, what be really would be loth to subscribe to For instance, the asser¬ plosion oceurred. tion that the quality of iron does not depend so much npon the ores from which If the theory I give of this explosion is deemed incorrect by any of the read¬ it is made, os upon the temperature used, where “ quality" is used for kind. ers of Tkz EEonrxzziira asu> Mieivo Joubeal, I would like to hear their opin¬ We also have the blast furnace called an oven, and the number of grammatical ion on the subject. W. W. A. ' and technical errors is quite appalling. We have only to suggest to our correspondent that the gas would hardly be Da. Caoous also repeats a fault which has marred other works of.his, in de¬ able to pass the valves of the blast cylinder, which it must do to penetrate to the scribing sodium amalgam as his own invention, and without any reference to the engine room where the lamp was burning. That, however, was not at all a ne¬ work of Prof. Wubtz. It may be well enough to ignore in publications of his cessary element of the explosion. The gas was probably at a high enough tem¬ own even claims that are so well supported as those of Prof. Wubtz, but in perature to ignite upon contact with the air, without the aid of any flame*. transferring to Dr. Waombb's book his one-sided assertions, he saddles that gen¬ Bushing back through the pipes, it met the air in the hot blast and ignited, the tleman with a reputation lor unfair dealing which he does not deserve. violence of its explosion being greatly increased by the fact that both fuel and We have paid so much attention to the faults of the metallurgical chapter, blast were at a high temperature.—Eo. that we will repeat our commendation of the other sections of the book. The formulae are all expressed in molecular terme, and the book is really a good one Engineering and Mechanical Notes. to the student of chemical technology. Mr. Alexahdeb B. W. Kzmnzdt, a Scotch engineer, read at a meeting of the Dxaobahb to illustrate the Lectures on G^tallography. Delivered at the Edinburgh and Leith Engineering Society, some notes on the difference between School of Mines of Columbia College, by T. Eolzston, Professor of Mineralogy ^ and Metallurgy. the theoretical values of the indicated horse power per hour per pound of coal Mineralogy .is taught at the School of Mines, so far as possible, strictlyj^upon consumed, and the values which be bad deduced from experiments on various the crystallographic system. The forms of the crystals, and the laws of their for¬ engines, at actual work. Instead of being from two to five pounds per indicated mation, are explained in a few lectures, and familiarity with them is enforced by horse power per hour, os theory indicated, be found that the actual consump¬ the study of models. After that the determination of minerals is proceeded with tion was in every case thirteen or fourteen pounds. He traced this difference to in bi-weekly classes. This book is designed to afford the student of crystallo¬ five causes, namely : bad fuel, want of non-conducting materials round the graphy all that he needs to guide him, both in acquiring a knowledge of the science, cylinder and pipes, non-expansive working, under-working, and bad attendance. and in subsequent determination of natural crystals. The system of notation Professor Wbexlzb, of Chicago, who has had .a great deal of experience in used is that of NanMAMH, but a comparison of this with other leading systems is restoring and deciphering burned manuscripts, sends to the Scientific American given. From this general description of the crystallographic systems, compari¬ a warning against the use of aniline inks. He says : “A very extensive experi¬ son of authors, scale of hardness, etc., the author proceeds to a detailed list of all ence in restoring charred paper in the Chicago, and now in the Boston, fire has the forms in each system. Each crystal is illustrated by a diagram and further convinced me that these inks, aa a class, are beyond the power of the chemist described by letters, and the book will be found exceedingly convenient as a re¬ to restore to legibility when exposed to a high temperature." ference in reading treatises on mineralogy. Bead backwards, that is, using the des¬ Among the projected engineering works is a new pyramid. The Viceroy of criptive letters to find the form indicated, the tables serve as a dictionary of crystal- Egypt proposes this monument, and engineers are carious to know whether be lo^phio notation. The value of such a work will be appreciated by engineers who will base his construction upon the known strength of materials, or make his are too busily engaged in active life to keep the significance of the letters clearly mausoleum like those of the old kings, a monstrous block of solid masonry. It in mind, and yet would be glad to read, with profit and interest, the frequently will rival the older pyramids in the size of its blocks of stone, which are to be appearing articles on new mineral forms. We welcome this publication from a out near the cataracts of the Upper Nile. profound sense of the difficulties which amateur mineralogists labor under. We Philadelphia has caught the “reduction works fever," and Messrs. Tatham ibink they will find that a system of tables which has been approved by six years’ Bros., the large dealers in pig and manufactured lead, have decided to build on experience, will be valuable to them. It is exceedingly thorough, and we do not Smith’s Island, opposite the city, an establishment for smelting the gold and know of any .other ooUection of diagrams which is so.extensire and minute. silver or ^ *of the Territories. TaNUARY 28, 1873.1 THE ENGINEERING AND MINING JOURNAL.
The Engineering •nppred^ wbioh Rnfm1Tj~rifl1~7nTw~¥iTii|rr iin!r|llWiMi Wm Ubiiih McCobmick, the dele({at« of Arison*, i* entiUed to mneh credit for originating this bill, and patting it throngh Oongreas with sagaoily and energy. *
The mnnagers of Oorneli Unirersity have appointed Mr. John Ensox Swxxr, ROSSITER W. RAYMOND, Ph. D., of SjracDse, N. Y.; to the bead of its engineering depattment. Mr. Swxk is JOHN A. CHURCH, E. M the hero of a performsnoe wbieh most be considered really remarkable. Al- Editors, tboagh an American, bo has poblisbed a long series of letters in Enylntering over the nom de plume of “ An English workman in America.” He possesses so inti, PUBLISHERS’ ANNOUNCEMENT. mate a knowledge, not merely of English mechanical engineering in general, Toe EsaRTF-Eanto ahd Miiruia JonanAi. u pretjeeted in the intent erf furthering the beet bnt also of tbe current details of workshop management, that he was ablo to imUrute oj the Enginttring and Mining public, bg giving wuU circulation to original epfcieU maintain bis assumed character ; while bis American scbooling enabled him to eonfrit ttione from the pent of the abUel men in the profeetinne. The car^l illeutreUion of new maehinerg and engintering ttrueturee, together vUh a summary gf mining newe and market instmet the English in the peenliarities of onr modes of work, with mnob greater reporU, will form a prominent feature nf the publication. It is the Organ of the Americao intelligence than an Englishman could possibly have hronght to tbe work. Bis Inatltate of Mining Engineers, and is regularly received and read by off Me membtrt and aieo- history is the more remarkable as he is said to have bad only a common school eieUee of that large and powerful society, f*« only one of the kind in thie eountry. It ie there¬ education. As to his engineering education, it is sufficient to say (hat be has fore the best medium for advertising all kinds of machinery, toole and maieriala need by risen from being striker ot tbe forge, through all grades, to become the head of engineers or their employees. StTBSGBiPTiOM—•* »er annum, in advance; 9‘A SO for ti* Honthe, an important institution for technical instmotion. He is the brother of Mr. Y*!!. Advebtisemehts—rke rales are ae follows: Inside pages, *3 rents per line each insertion ; the A. Sweet, the well known mannf.icturer of steel goods in Syracuse. outside or last page, 40 cente per line. I’ayment required in advance. Kewsukalbiis will be supplied through the agency of the Akzbican News Compant. No, 121 Nassau street. New York City. The New Mint Bill. CouMDNiCATiOHs ofoU kinds should be addressed to the Secretary. The safest method of transmitting The Act revising and amending the laws relative to the mints, assay offices, money is by checks or Post-offies orders, made payable to the order ot William Vestz, Cor¬ and coinage uf the United States, has at length passed the Senate, with some respondence and general communicationt of a character suited to the objects of The Ehoiheesino amendments which must now be carried to the House, where the bill originated. AMD tllKiKo JooBHAL will always be welcome. We may assume with safety that tbe essential features of tbe reorganization of The Postage on The Ehgineebino and Miviua .JouBUjii. is twenty cents a year,payable quar¬ terly in advtnee, at the office where received. the Miut service will soon become law ; and M’e congratulate Mr. Johx Jat Kiroz the Comptroller of the Currency, upon the final success of a plan which he con* THE SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHING COMPANY. ceived with so much acuteness, elaborated with so much patient consnltat'on of WILLIAM VENTZ, Secretary. all authorities and experts, and finally carried through, against the opposition of 21 Park Place, discontented subordinates and the greater obstacles of ignorance and indifference, by the force of his quiet persistence and the logic of facts. We might fidrly llqV P. O. Box 440 new YORK CITY. with his nnme those of Mr. Lindebman, (formerly in charge of the Philadelphia Mint, and about to be, we trust, under tbe new law, the head of the Mint Bureau) CONTENTS FOR THIS WEEK. and Mr. Eluott, the accomplished Chief Clerk of tbe Bureau of Statieties of thi Treasury Department, siuco to these gentlemen the bill owes some of its most Pppgr in Iron Making. 49 Tllast Famaee Exiilo'ions. The Paleogeography ot tbe North American Englueering and Hecbanicsl Notes. important features. ..4!) Editqbials : The American Soefty of Ciril Engineers.. 49 We shall not discuss all the details of the reform proposed. The moet impor¬ The New Mint Bill. . Apparatus tor measaring tbe Depth of a The Emms Hecleion. tant change, in which both Houses agree, is the establishmimt of the Mint Shaft. W Not. a on a MetallurgicalJoumey in Europe 61 Tbe Laurium Mines. Bureau at Washington, under a Director. This nboli>.hrs the accidental amnge- The Chesapeake and Ohio Mining Region.. 52 MihIHO SUMMiET : ment by which the mints and assay officf s of the country were put under the The Coal .. M I'aUlornia. The'UabketReview. Tbe Amertrsn InetUnte of Mining Engi¬ Director of the Philadelphia Mint—an anomaly, which lacked tbe only justifiet- San Francisco Stock Maiket.65 neers. New Publlcstlone. bt Advertisements. tion of an anomaly, since it did not work well The present Director at Phila- dclpbia, Oov. Poixocx, an estimable, virtuous and entirely inadequate gentleman whose recommendations, opinions and reports have never had either influence or We call tho attention ot our readers to Professor Gabb’b article on ihe re¬ value, and whose contributions to the very important discussions of coinage sources of Santo Djmingo, published in this journal October 15lh, 22nd, and 29tb, matters during the last few years have been practically nil, will thus be placed in It is tbe best account yet printed of tho island, is authoritative, and was written a position not so much too large for him as the one he now occupies. as a preliminary report to the projectors of tho company which has lately been It is partly for lack of a competent Director of the mint that Congressional Com¬ formed for colonizing Stnlo Domiago. Now that so mnoli stir is made about this mittees have wasted so much time in tinkcriog with the coinage question. Oor enterprise, Professor Gabb’s report has new importance. excellent friend, Mr..BoooLZ8, rode his hobby nmhecked through many a eom- mittee-room, and was finally overthrown only by the firm and combined opposi¬ tion of the scientific men of the country. But thii was not until he bad'throwa all parties into confusion by his erratic charges and volleys of statistios, andevtn to a perhaps harmless extent, compromised tbe Government abroad. Wo need not recapitulate a proposition so thoroughly killed as his. It is not only dead, but buried ; the Franco-German war is piled on top of it. If we had obeyed the youthful eDthasiasm of Mr. Buoolzs, we should have assimilated our gold coin¬ age to that of France, on the ground that, although the French unit was for several reasons both relatively and positively bad, yet somebody must yield, ^ud France would not, and the French coinage wag so immense in quantity, etc. When lo ! just after wo had refused to make this unwise surrender, Germany Pr-ofessor Rankine, one of tho best known workers in the field of scientific smashes Franco, and the French gold coinage finds its way in a huge tide of engineering, died a short time ago, of heart disease. His labors in connection auriferous indemnity,” into the melting-pots of Berlin. It is probable that this with steam engineering, the strength of materials and the mathematical treat¬ lesson will suffice for the present, and that we shall have no change in the Ame¬ ment of engineering questions are well known, and they were continued to the rican gold dollar until we get tbe right one, namely, the slight change which, re¬ last. Only two or three hours before his death a short paper, prepared by him, taining its present fineness, will make it commensnrable with the metrical unit by request, was read at tbe mouihly meeting of tho Edinburgh Institution of of weight. Engineers and Shipbuilders. The paper was a supplement to one by Mr. Gsoboe The bill as passed by the House ot Representatives provided for silver coinage Simpson on Mining Machinery, so that the mining profescion has the honor of as follows : a dollar, weighing 384 grains, of silver nine-tenths fine ; and a half- ^gaging the last efforts of the accomplished Professor. dollar, a quarter-dollar, and a dime, oi the same fineness and proportional weight,’ all of which coins should be legal tender for any amount not exceeding five dol¬ We notice that the bill regulating the compensation of the members and lars. The present silver dollar, with which subsidiary coins do not correspond, officers of the legislative assemblies of the Territories, and limiting tbe weighs 412.5 grains ; tbe silver dollar of 384 grains, os proposed, would be just sessions of said assemblies, has passed both Houties of Congress. It fixes forty double the present half-dollar, and would weigh metrically 24.68 grammes. It days as tbe limit of legislative sessions, and six dollars a day daring tbe ses¬ will be seen that a slight change would make, it 25 grammes, and so metrical, and sions, together with mileage, as the pay of legislators. The salaries of equal to the five-franc piece of France, Belgium, Italy and Switzerland, Spain and Governors are raised to three thoa<-and five bnndred dollars, and of Territorial Greece. (Tbe New York Hation says it wanld also be “just doable the new sil¬ aecretaries to two thonsand five hundred dollars. Tbe changes made are all ver florin of Anstria ” ; bnt this must be a mistake, as the Austrian florin w«l§hs nominally additions to former pay ; but ihe actual reault to the country will be 12.2, instead of 12.5, grammes.) a saving, by reason of the restriction upon legislative •essions. Aside from This sUver coinage would represent, as compared with onr present gold stand¬ money, there will be an amount of sloqnanoa, fllibostering and tiraa-killing ard, the ratio in value of the two metals of 1 : 1A9, which isasA, [if not OOBYW* Si- THE ENGINEERING AND MINING JOURNAL. Jaiiuarv 28. 1873.
oknt, and wooid aMor* th« rotoaiion of the silrar eoina in circolation, m the I The ■mma Oeolelon. maikat valae of aUrar fa conaiderably below this proportion, and likely to re¬ Ttie Salt Lake TrSbune publishes the text of Judge McExxh’b charge in the main ao. Emma case, and intimates that this journal has changed ground on the subjec Tba ohanga we haae deacribed waa embodied in an amendment to the mint bill involved, having praised in July what it coudemned in November. The Tribune fay tha Senatat ao far aa all atlTer coina are concerned, except the dollar. The and some of its corresi>ondents also intimate that our recent editorial was writ¬ jraaint dollar weigha 412.5 grains ; the dollar of the Honse bill, corresponding to ten hy some “disappointed Utah lawyer.” We take pleasure in informing theee tha praaent halMoUar, would weigh 381 grains ; the metrical and inUrnational gentlemen that the editorials of Thb ENonrEEniNo xnd Mikino Jocbmal are al- ailfar dollar wonld wei){h 385.8 grains, aud the Senate amendment proposes a w.*ys written by its editors, and by nobody else'; that our sympathies have been, trade dollar of 420 grains. Toia w mid be 27'216 grammes, representing a ratio throughout the Emma litigation, with the innocent English owners of that mine ; between gold and silver of 1 : 16.2, which would exclude the trade-dollar that we are glad they got in July an injunction ; that we are now glad they have from eiroalatioa, except in foreign commerce, for which it Is, indeed, specially ended their tronble, though (according to rumor) by the secret payment of a We foar that it wonld lead to the remelting of the coin ; at all evtute, heavy sum to the Illinois tunnel party ; that the text of Judge McKean’s late de¬ thaae tiadewlollars would disappear as last oa they were coine 1, and never return cision seems to ns to justify the criticisms we have passci upon it, guided by the to a oonntry in which their legal value is no greater than thnt oV fwo h
been pat to » heavy expense of late in nmning a long bed-rook tonne), now nearly completed, and which when brought into aae will mateiially increase their current California. revenues by enabling them to wash a large body of rich gravel lying too low to be run off through their present tunneL CAIFORHU XUrXS. The facilities here for tboroagh washing are quite unexampled, Sweetiaud Greek, Prom a CotTespendenoe of the Ssn Francisco SuUelin: at this point a wild and rocky glen, along which the sluices are set, having a deaent of Cherokee, Nevada County, January 4,187d. a thousand feet in a little more than one mile. Alrng this distance many abiupt and THE RAIN AND ITS EITE0T8. I craggy falln occur, varying from thirty to a hundred teet iu height. Over these the The late rain—tor, at the end of the week, it is still falling—his snddenly put a new gravel, borne by a powerful curreut of water, is p^-ocipitated, and dashing agaiust the phaea on affairs throughout the mining districts. Copious, timely and gen« ra), it jutting rocks on its way down strikes the bottom with great force, thoroughly disin* iusures for that inteiest and through it for most others, another proeperoue year. tegrsting and wsehing it clean from all adhering particles of gold. To ravo the gold Already its beutfloial effects are everywhere apparent. All know that business will be thus released and aid in further setting it free, a well-devised system of sluices, under* lively and money plenty very soon. To the merchant, meehanlo and every olaas of currents and similar contrivances been placed at every available space along the supply-men here it is a great relief to know that old scores will presently be liquidated creek, so that the gravel by the time it reaches the Tabs, the great tail race into and they themselves pnt in fands to settle with their creditors below, to whom in turn which everyihing is discharged, has been made to give up about all the gold it con* this prospect will, no doubt, afford an equal pleasure, I eetiraate that within the next tained; and if the business of washing wore everywhere conducted with as much thirty days a niillion dollars will be washed from the gravel now in the dump-yards of thoroughness as here in Sweetland, the working over of tailings would scarcely prove the several dnft claims 1 have lately visited in this and adjacent counties, being mate¬ a profitable occupation. rial accumulated since the close of the last winter season. The North America Com¬ THE LITTLE XOBK ESTATE, pany, at Hepsidam, will alone waeh out. $150,000 ; the Bald Moontain Company, at but lately disposed of. if it has even yet been actually transferred to its new owners, is Forest City, $100,000, and various others of these claims from twenty to fifty tbonsand another vast aggregation of lutereste and piopeitios, consisting of hydraulic aui drift dollars each. This is not gnesswurk, each of these companies knowing exactly how claims, ditches, water* franchises, saw-mills, timber lands, etc., the wbcle making up many car-loids of gravel they have out, and within a small fraction of a dollar how * a domain, princely in its prui ortions and capable, under full development, of a very mneb each one will yield. The rain has alic Btartcd up many hydraulic claims before | large and profitable production. Here again our Eugliah friends made a good invest¬ crippled or idle from want of water. Then, too, it bae started waebing in such of the ment ; or if tliey think differently they will meet with no trouble in turning over their dry diggiugn and golches as can only be worked after heavy and long-continned storms ' property to paities in your oily who are prepared to give them a handsome bonus on like this, or sith free water. the price paid for it. ENGLISH CAFITALISTS AND THEIR INVESTMENTS. ^ OF THE EUREKA, SIERRA AICD IMDIFEKDEIfCR In this part of the State are situated most of the leading California mines disposed of in London ; such as the North Bloomfield, Sweetland Greek, Birdseye Greek andI it is tot necessary to say much, as the first two have been owned in London for some Little York, in Nevada County, the Sierra Buttes, ludepeadeuce and North America, time and have, it is understood, generally met, and perhaps in some respects, exceed* in Siena, and the Eureka in Plumas County. Tnese properties wore in the first instance ed the expectations of purchasers. They had each a favorable record and had long bought mamly on the reports of American experts, and have sinoo been managed by made money fur the vendors. The Independence, a later sale, bad not aceompliahed Californian overseers exclusively. Some of those latent transferred have not yet bad much before changing bande, but possessing obviously the capacities for making a time, or for leasons not owing to their merits, have not yet been able to make any good mine, and having been sold cheap, will te likely to give satisfaction in the end. large return of profits. But they are all first-class investments, and those mines We come lastly to consider would to-day sell in San Francisco for much larger sums than they cost their Eogiish TU NORTH AHERICA, owners. exclusively a drift claim, and concerning the condition and prospects of which a few In effecting the purchase of mines in the State of Nevada our English friends pur¬ of the English share-holders, as would appear from certain communioations in the sued a diffVreut course, employing only their own countrymen to make the prelimioary London Mining Journal, entertain somo uneasiness. I can see nothing to warrant examinatijns, and afterwards eutrobtiDg the busiuess of working them to none but this, for a more promising or well-oonduoted property does not exist in the State. Jt their own miners and millmeiL Though th» results have not been fortunate, these is possible, of coarse, fur parties to pay too mneh for even a good property. I have people can hardly be censored for adopting the coarse they did. Judging a priori, it DO idea as to what this mine may have coat the present owners, but if they bought it wae a sensiblo enough thiug to do, these two sets of men having each had that sort of experience that should have fitted them to well discharge the duties respectively as- eigned them ; and bad the conduct ut the mines at Mineral Hill, White Pine and other disactrous localities in Nevada been committed to American hand-, it is by no means earlam tkat very different results would have followed. Bat while ooncediug tkis much, it must he admitted that those Eugliah experts blundered egregiously, making mis¬ takes, if mistakes they were, which the merest tyro should have avoided. However well as the English engineer and metslinrgist may be qualified for carrying on the buHiness of vein mining, it is not to be expected thsrt they will be equally at home among these gravel deposits, with which CalirotnUDs are so familiar and to the rrasagemeut of which they have been trained by years of experience. It was s wise thing therefore to aelect Bupermtendenta for this class of mines from men conversant with their pecaliarities and the best methods of workrng them; and it no v remains for onr Brituh cousins to further determine to what extent Caliloruia offers superior loduoeuients to every other country for mining investments. Beferring the question to their own experience, they might be expected to give it a preference over all others not ixcepting Utah, in which they have lately embarked so mneh money.
EXTENT AND OPERATIONS OF THESE ENOLISH MIKES—THE NORTH BLOOMFIELD. This property, largo at the start, hag, through tjio pnrebase of additional grounds, ditches, water Irauchises, etc., since been agggregated into one of colossal propor-
and for some time past have been, somethiag like 160,COO per month. This is fur labor and material alone, to sty nothing of large suma expended from time to time in the purebaao of additional prupertiea. Aa the company are now employing about 300 bands, their monthly pay-roll alone must call for 125,000 or $30,000. The most tormid- able work uow on baud is tbs ranning of a bed-rock tnnnel 1$ miles long ; this being ucceeaary to enable them to wash out the lower and richer strata of their principal an adequate working capital at the outset, may be inferred from the fact that an equal mining claim. In the proeecntion of this enteiprise eight shafts are beiig snuk at amount oi gravel might with like profit have been exiracted from each of their other regular intervals along the line of the main tunnel, from the bottoms of which, as two tunnels had fuoda been furnished to fit thorn op and ecouumize the water. This soon aa they have reached the proper level, drifting will be commenced and carried Company need not be frugal of their material; they may attack it with all the foroe at both ways until each shall meet that coming from an opposite direction. Giant powder, their command, and it will yet outlast soy of their number. They ought at once to simple hand, and also, most likely, steam drills, with every other agent and contrivance appropriate the necessary sums to collect and store up every svailablo drop of water, cabulated to expedite the work, will as soon as practicable be employed. This com¬ so that the gravel may be washed as it comes out, and then increasing three-fold their pany have met with some reverses; the gravest of which was the destrnction Lst year present working foroe, as recommended by the experts who advised the purohaae of of their dam and bridge by fire, both of these having been costly structures. They this mine, proceed to push operations in the most energetic and exhaustive msn- have however since been restored in better shape and on a grander scale than before. uer. Under such an administration the North America would prove itself one of the This enterprise is under an efficient administration, and most eventually give great most productive and best paying mines on this coast. sitisiaction to the sbareboldera. From the foregoing it will be seen that Eogiish oipitalists, however much they mty THE SWEETLAND CREEK AND THE BIBDSXTE OEEXX GLAnCS have suffered from their miniDg investments elsewhere, have not Ute^ badly in CiU* each comprise a oonsiderable area of good mining ground, covering, as is usually the fomia; they having besides the above made several other foitnnate veEturca in othw ease with the better classs of hydraulic mines, a portion of the old river channels, so parts of the State. prolific in gold and so generally met with in this part of the State. They were bought . OOOD XFFXOTS OF FOBXION OAFITAL. several years ago at reasonable figures, sod havs, I believe, steadily paid handsome But whatever the benefits that may accrue to this class of investors, they will not dividends since. They are in excellent shape and extremely well managed, the Sweet¬ be found all on one side. In the first place, the vendors, who were mostly prsoiieal land Creek being under the supervision of Gsorgs D. McLean. This company bare minsrs. having reoshrsd a fair sqtflvalcnt for their propeiiiM, have smpioyod a large 6o THE ENGINEERING AND MINING JOURNAL. [January 28, 1878.
■fcm of tba prooMdt in opooiaf vp «xd bringing into * prodneUT* tuto onr mioM; they are often Aiong way in from the mqutb 0/ the taiu>ej« and lomctimea a bnndted UkM tbfl expeeditnre of nieh Urge nime, nnd the emp!ojment of so menj additional feet or more nnder ground, a abaft carried to the eotface serving for a smoke-stack. ■Mn bj tbeae eompaniea, have greatlj improred not only the bneineee of xrining, There are number of mine# along SUte Creek now being worked in tbi* manner; also bnt tUo many other oallioge in neighborbooda where they are serereliy operating. one in Todd's Talley; the Oreat Bine Gravel or Powell claim, which I am aausfled Vor inetanee, the atarting np of the North American mine, calling for large addition¬ since examining tbs Slate Creek mines, u located on a section of the old DardmoU’a al anppika of rariooi kiuda and nearly a Londred more men* than bad ever before obennel, that tamed oat such quantitiea of gold aume years ago, Joat above Todd's been employed, and ahowing how mnch prodnction conld be iucreiaed with the aid of Talley. It does not militat* against the prbepeeU of tbatclaim, that it abould require eran a moderate amoont of working capitai, baa aet the miner* ronnd abont to tbink- a eonsiderabte length of tncline and eooaequently a good deal of time to reach the gold ng, and giving an impetna to tLia induatry along the whole Slate Creek range. Old bearing stratum o( gravel, the rule, as estahliehed by the Blate Creek miners being, elaima are being looked after, and oM abaft* and tunnel* brought into reqnieition for the deeper the charnel the greater the likelihorMl ot lie proving rich and permanent. working pnrpoeee, the miner* having devised a mode whereby the Utter e«n be made In tbeee more northern conntiea it has generally reqnired a much longru* time to get available to that end even tboogh driven on what was formerly considered a wholly these inclinee down to pay gravel than has yet been spent on the Powell claim. It impracticable level. When found too low, instead of abandoning these works, as was would therefore be good policy fur thoee having stuck in that company tu bold on and formerly common, the plan U now frequently adopted of raising a vertical ehaft up to not part with H at present prices. A long bed rock tunnel is completed, new and tba body of the pay gravel, tbrongb which the Uttdr is sent down into the tonnel and powerful maebioery is on the gronnd, the whole paid for aud the company out of debt. Ibeoce parsed oat; when too high, an incline ehaft ie eirrir d d v. n along tbo inner They own a larg* aenpe of gronnd covering more than two miles of dead river channel, dope of the channel till it reachee the gravel, when it ia hauled up on cars rnu out distingbiehed wherever opened, for its Urge production. The expense of running ttirengb Kbe tnnnel. When tbera U bnt little lifting to be done, a windUse or whim the work will hereafter be tiilliog, it not being at all likely that any further asaese- ■aflleee, steam being employed where there U mnob water or gravel to be brought op menU will be levied. The bottom of the ehaft is now in heavy river-washed boutdere to the rarUoe; the boiler, engine and hoisting gear being, in these cases, located in indicating a near approach to the stratom of pay gravel, and that this will be reached a ahamber excavated at the head of the incline for their reception. As a conseqnence, in the course of a few days, or a week at the most, admits of no doubt.
MRTAL.H. read before the Institute and all notices of meetingB. MISCELLANEOUS. Newlaw Yoaa.Yobi. JannarrJsbi 23. 1878 IKON.—Outf: fUra. 1 t«IKe*nUI K A; Kallrosd, locenta tHOO Biick numbers cannot, as a general rule, be sent Ac: 6oil*r*nil Plat*, IW cent* 1*I A ; Hhaat, Hand. Hoop, -and ^ P. nOTHWRL,!,, BmwII, Hi to tWeanU K A; Pi«,$7A ton; Pollahad Hha*t. 8 cl*. Those members and asaooUtes who have not paid W A:0*la*ntc*
MISCELLANEOUS.
/OON ▲. aElSWOLD, EBA8T0S CORNUia, JB., SIUJWrUB OOKMUIO. ouuai'ER auidwou). SWEET’S MAHUFACTOBUC CO
SYRAOUSB, N. Y., «PBOPRI£TOBS OF THE F^Eiisr&js£]i_iA,Ei:FL ii^ojsr 'W'oflxcs, XROY, N. Y.
BRMemer Btael Works, Fort Edwiurd Blast Fornaos sod Colombia Blast Foroaub MANUFACTURERS OF PIG IRON, RAILROAD. MERCHANT AND SHIP IRON, MAifurAcrnmBBs or DMMM«r SUel Kails, kales, Tjrree, Shafttag Plates a ad Steel Porglags, Sweet’s Cast Steel Crow Bars, OF ALL DESCRIPTIONS. Sweet’s Cast Steel R. R. Bars, Otfioe in New Yorlc, No. CO BroatJwn^r. Sweet’s 011.tempered Beat Spriafs, Msy 17:1/ Sweet’s Kxeelslor Steel Vire, Swede’s Bprlag Steel, LEHIGH ZINC COMPANY Cast Bprlag Steel, Bagllsis Spriag Steel, soaoBS, Treesuer. B. g. WSBHTSa, ('reaAts
Sleigh Shoe Steel, WORKB BBTHLEHEM, PA OFFICE, 333 Walnut Strest, Philadelplila. Cutter Shoe Steel, Frog Polat Steel. JOHN jBwerr a sons, agents, isa rKour stbest, new tobe. Not. l»:l]r OXIIDEl OF !Z!I3>TO, SFSI-iTB[II=L, SHCEET ZIKToI
Jan2t:l7 SPlBGBLBlSkN CllfDBK FUK BLAST FVRSACES. QTJPERIOR RAIL MILL.—Oapaoitt : 1,000 ^ Tost Pss Win. llarbaugh, Mathias and^ Owens, Hsnofectarere of RAILROAD IRON, OfiBce, oerner Fifth Avenue and Smithfield Street, Pittsburgh. ^ Our centrsl loostion ensbles ns to drew from both tldea of tbQ AU«sbeny Koontiln* MeUls end Ore* beet edK>ted for l•iekt'.lt{ a No. 1 Hell, sn-J t<>g«tbor with oar Improred MacUlii. ery, era a siifflcleot guarantee of oar ability to prodace ItalU of e Quality aueurpasaed for darebillty aad etrongta, by any fortiKU or domeatio menafectare. N«w Petterna, of euy dealroble weight, made to order oe .'^bort Notice. '‘‘’''NlwSlld*"''' We reapectfully sollelt ordsn for New Bella or IU-roll> lug. June 3d.ly
IMPROVED DIRECT-ACTING MINING LOCOMOTIVE * KINGDOMS OF PRUSSIA AND SAXONY. Gauge, two feet ax mebea or upwerde; Right above rail, 11t« feet lour ioobea ; W idth ovoi ell, five feet one inch Adept# to baru Anthreoite or SiUuaiBuua ooel or cose. ENKRAL AGENOY—R. J. B0BBBT80N, HAMBURG, . OEBlfANY, Materials and Workmanship Dqual to those m Pull Gauge Railroad^Looomctive*. Oueret.teed to peee cunree of twonty-fiTe feet rtdiae eud beat ou e level treokIn good condition Wboae.'apraeentetive for tbeUnited States, Three Hundred end Forijr Groee Tens of Cere »nd Lued h. ROBEBI'SON, 149 BROADWAY, NEW YOBE, Tor Pbotogrepb end fall perticulere, addreee M* UAIKU A co.. 't Kob;7-ly;ecw Beidwiij 1 o.:oinotive Morki, I'bde.tsiphla. Is ready to receive conalgnmente of
ORB and all kinds of FURITACB STUFF
For tbe above-named Works. Fall perticnlers given on application. Oct. I-U
JOHN J. BNDRES, Miniog and Civil Engineer, liANUFACrUREB OF MACHINERY FOB MINING AND
SMELTING PUBP08BS, ersoiALiTv:
Patent Ore and Coni Crushing nud Wnshlng LA'K'El Mnehlnes. BXnLDEB OF IMPROVED COKE OVENS AND MACHINERY FOE DISCHAROING THE SAME. Office ftnd 'Worksi: SOUTH PITTSBURGH, PA Nov. 26<.sm
' B. COGSWELL,
Civil ik Mecbanical Engineer.
SPECfAUlT i Bluet Furuuee Cwustswetleu.
P.O. Addiem . I’.:. FSrankllQ Iron WorkB,>*> CaRds Csos^, Nov. 190/ X I 62 THE ENGINEERING AND MINING JOURNAL. [January 28, 1873
MAOHINISTr SUPPLIES. MISCELLANEOUS.
The Bessemer Steei Works, \\ ... ^ of John A. Gris/vbici ^ Co. Troy, N. Y., May 3, 1872.
B. F. Sturtevant, Boston. Mass., Dear Sir, We have changed you''No. 8 fOr your No. 9. Pressure Blower. The time
BO. F. BLAKK di CO., in'melting is aV)out the same with either Blower. JIANUFACTUIIERS OF BLAKE’S ’J»ATEN’l Iwe are melting 225,000 lbs. (1122'tons,; steam pumps. [pig Iron daily, ^20 hours running time.) Ifo. 79 Libebty Stbeet, New York. VMtorjr Cl CLardon St, Boatoa, llMS. lit works well. A tpacUlty made 'Of the mannfsclnre of Dovaui-Acntio puiyCSB PuKPa for mtninv purpoaea—comblnirK rcotioii y o) I BARNEY MEE. Supt. apaea. oapadtjr. and great dorabiltty. All wearing parta madt ofoompoattion meUI. ^ ^ Alao, Boiler Faad Pumpa, Fire Pnmpa, Tank Pumpa, Wreck¬ ing Pvmpa, etc., etc. good fur Uloatrated Price Circnlar. m-M Sm
B. F. STURTEVANT’S i»Ax^2NX im;i»k.ovel> PRESSURE BLOWER, FOB enroLA rcBiACKa abo roBasa. of 13 atamps. It requires no frame to put it up. The beat Bat¬ Also Bumnfacturer of the Htarterant Patoui Improved Fai. JOMtaPH NAMOar CO.. 01 BBERNAN OT., tery ever used for amalgsmating gold, or emsbing allver ore., Blower and Kxhanet Fan. Rend for tlluetratad caUlogue. comer of Gold street.—WROUQUT aud CA8T-1KO& dry or wet Can be put up on a mine in ranning order for D. F. grURTUYAMT, 73 Sudhury elreet, Boeton, Maee. FIPKi -. all kind* ot 8TFAM and GAM FITTINGS ; Apparatm one-balf tbe price or tbe atralght battery, and In three days nWtly_ for WAKMING and VEN’l'ILATINO BUILDINGS. after its arrival at tbe mine. 12-atamp battery, 30,000 ponnda, JOUlJ>li NASUN. UKNBV It. WOKTHINGTON. with frame complete; C-atatnp battery, T,000 pounds. Every noTlO-ly uiiU run at shop before abippmg. kromS patent oryorf Something Hewt CALIFORNIA STAMP MILLS, Ail tbe varioua styles of Pans, Amalgamators, Book Breakers, torarators. Settlers. Concentrators, Dry or Wet, for working Gold, Sftver or Copper Orea, ibe same aa bniit In Callforaiaima CONCENTRATOR ZELL’S at lower prices. SHOES AND DIES made ot the best wlilte iron. Send sizes and we will tuakfi patterns aud forward Shoes a:id AND COMPLETE MACHINERY Illustrated Monthly Magazine, Dies at low prices. F.ngines, llolleis and fixturae, and oth'i'i Machinery made to order. FOR CRUSHING SCREENING CONDUCTED BY L. DeCOLANGE, LL.D., Aff* Send for a Circular. AND concentrating QRE$. Editor of Zkll’s Encyclopedia, Ac., Ac. Address MOREY A SFEBBY, Jon 8 8n> M Liberty Straet Msw-Ya.-k. 7be flret number of Ibis new and beautiful aerial will be ia- aued in September, 1872. It will be eapeclally the magazine Uinerale and Orea In which the difference of apeclflc gravity for Uie cultured home, always up to the practical as well aa the QOOPKR’g cn.lJB AND.REFIIVBO GELATINE la ao alight and which am alao aomatlmea in anch Ana parti-1 ■ciantiflo spirit ot the tiniea. •tea aa to defy aeparatlon hy any other machinery or method, It will be tergily devoted to information concerning foreign COOPER HEWITT, A CO., •re rapidly aeparated hy tbla Concentrator. and borne countries, eapecially with those places remote from Mr. W. Dement, of Ueoigtown, Col., eoncentratlng Bilrer tbe general mah of travel. This information will be profusely NO. 17 BURLING SLIP, NEW YORE. eree, aaya : “lam aatlaffed you ataebinea can not be Maten; illuetrated by fine engravings from original aketcbca. The re¬ they are aimple, require no power (oomparatirely,) and do not cent dtacoveriea in science, relating to explorations and Jouf- Bar Iroa, Braalers* R MISCELLANEOUS. STEAM PUMPS. COAL SHIPPERS. THE TRADE JOURNAL rpHE NEWBURGH ORRBL COAL COMPANY Mtnaa at Nawbnrgb, Praaton Co., W. Va. ^ OF TOIIL.A.OBLFHIA. Donlile Actixis. Bnchet Phragera are CompaDy’aOffloa,No. 63 8. Qay.gl. Baltimora, Md. the beak Bend for Cir¬ C. OLIVER O'DONNELL.Praaidant. Tht Reprtseniativt Paper cf the Manu/acturiruj and cular. valley M.'ichine CHAS. MACKALL...Sarratar.T Co, Easthampton, Mesa Thia Omupany atlir tbair vers anwarior Oaa Cotf at lowcH Commercial Intereals of Philaddphia. TEAM markSl^leei. • , 7 ^ -“3[“y "SCHUYLKILL COPPER WORKS," Combining simplicity and donii^ty to it rainariAbU dlsraa. STEAM ENGINE tu** Msy of aoofaa, apd ii U ad^^ to all ktnroana PHOENIXVILLE, h^fSeKcia for which Sleam Pumpa an usaA COMDINLD. ^BSSSayKSijHBIr Tisa imiNb pump' Jan. 14:Cm PENNSYLVANIA. tm—It to nnaorpaaead. AIM, ,<■ These piinipM are the StcAin, Omm amd Vy«der>Flpw, Brataa Wawk. ^J^AYSAUD 6i VAN RENSSELAER, chaapo»t Srat-alaia pnrapii ^ 1 f Stewm and Wnt^r ai^VH^t.WRttncs, etc. ate. In the market. g,Q4 prlce-Uet and Circnlars. Mining and Metallurgical Engineers, AUelifamadatooraaratahortnotlca, Ifliirtil A. CARR JAMES CLAYTON, 24 & 26 Wat«r st. f6bl6.t3t34_48 Conrtlandt, Street New Tom. Experts in Iron, Analytical Chemists, Novl8*tf Brooklyn, N. Y F. A. fUNRICHS. a* t llir street. New York. ( filco : 50 b 63 John atraet. New York, •• XatiiuBtokD 1801. Cxo. W. Maynard, rcHCTf.Tm VaK REXaiELAXIt. -—— -80U Owner nod Daalaa ia the aalabratad aAmatnl Salat Oar» JU^nOW.Y At CUULINS, ANALYTICAL CHEMISTS STEAM ENGINES. -waMae CONSULTING MUrALLUHOISTS. moat DwraWe.aewvww laaprowed Clranlar haw HlUa, Lara, FarlamFarltm Tota Pnoayrnuej LamlwrLambar OaodnOaoda. Olaefcn,Olaefca, BronsaBrensaa, SwrewSarew aadMd Lavar1 Sat. Saad «»r Cirealar. Ontlatr, (hiidlairStoiOlnnf AtAiHitee, Hates, Ma^, T/xMAonTj>ekt9n Olaaara,OInaara, AterBb.Iw .’’tk. lias GIRARD BTREBT. UTICAtTTicA »nTBAJfSTEAM ANGINKENGINE CO., UTICA,UTIC4. N. Y. PiMyPNW anirMaHaa< Hahit satesSlhS miirjMiiyo Asitef$atU>m saaiwkag.SiiiWki PHILADELPHIA. a. O. TOUVQ, 06MH1 A|nL THOMAS M DBOWN. OIOBOB T. GOBUM, ' XOTrlSlInM 'iSOacilaidkStoaR^lVNMiik. ^ etyMmuSk* ■: .Msai a-; 's t wu VTr .vrv THE ENGINEERING ANO MINING JOURNAL. [Janoaky 28. 1873. JitwtrMitwunti MdmUUi m Ikuptut tU tJu raU o/44l mn/i f/tr Imt, auHT hesd adrerttimmtt at the lame raU ftr H»€, ft mftmremmt, at tt< trUrr jr-«M. FOR MIMBS, BLAST FVHHACKS, PILE ORIVINU, CONTRAUTOUS* USB. SiC. Adapted to Kwery Pocalble Oatjr. COMPACT, HTBONO, SIMPLE AND DURABLE. MADBfaotared by _ TO INVESTORS THE SPEEDWELL IRON WORKS. OPFIOB AND WABBBOOM.8« CORTLAND STREET. N. Y. To those who wish to BE1NVE8T JANUARY tfOWU.MORRISTOWN, N. J, OOUPONe OU DIVIDENDS, aod tlio>