Operational Research in Tropical and Other Communicable Diseases During 2005 and 2006
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The WHO Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean supports operational Operational Research research projects in the area of communicable diseases. A main feature of this research activity is the active collaboration between the control programmes of the ministries of health and researchers from academic institutions. Together they target critical national in Tropical and Other health problems by turning them into research priorities and devising solutions. This publication summarizes the outcomes of two rounds of the Small Grants Scheme for operational research in tropical and other communicable diseases during 2005 and 2006. Communicable Diseases It is the fourth issue in a series that is produced every biennium to disseminate research results to national control programmes and the international scientific community. It Final Report Summaries 2007–2008 is hoped that these research results will be translated into policy and practice, thereby achieving progress towards equity in health and avoiding the unnecessary waste of limited resources that would result from the duplication of research funding or the ineffective implementation of control measures. This publication is also a call for action: a plea that these recently produced results are utilized and implemented in order to address the challenges of communicable disease control. Results Portfolio 4 Small Grants Scheme TDR Operational Research portfolio 4 cover design (29 Mar 2010).indd 1 3/30/2010 4:21:21 PM Operational research in tropical and other communicable diseases Final Report Summaries 2007–2008 Results Portfolio 4 Small Grants Scheme Operational Research in TDR portfolio 4 final (16 Mar 2010).indd 1 3/30/2010 4:13:07 PM WHO Library Cataloguing in Publication Data World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean Operational research in tropical and other communicable diseases: final report summaries 2007-2008: results portfolio 4 small grants scheme / WHO Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean p. 1. Communicable Disease Control 2. Tropical Medicine - prevention and control 3. National Health Programs 4. Research 5. Vaccines 6. Case Reports I. Title II Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean (ISBN: 978-92-9021-703-9) (NLM Classification: WC 680) (ISBN: 978-92-9021-704-6) (online) © World Health Organization 2010 All rights reserved. The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. 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Design by Madiha Sandhu Printed by Metropole, Egypt Operational Research in TDR portfolio 4 final (16 Mar 2010).indd 2 3/30/2010 4:13:07 PM Contents Foreword ......................................................................................................................5 Preface ..........................................................................................................................7 Avian influenza Knowledge, attitudes and practice .........................................................................9 Cutaneous leishmaniasis Integrated pest management ................................................................................ 11 Diarrhoeal diseases Enteric diseases ................................................................................................... 13 Prevention ............................................................................................................ 15 Hepatitis Epidemiology ....................................................................................................... 20 HIV/AIDS Antiretroviral therapy ........................................................................................... 24 Behaviour and practice......................................................................................... 26 Counselling and testing ........................................................................................ 28 Drug resistance .................................................................................................... 30 Knowledge, attitudes and behaviour .................................................................... 32 Infectious diseases Epidemiology ....................................................................................................... 34 Leprosy Control ................................................................................................................. 36 Malaria Control ................................................................................................................. 38 Diagnostics .......................................................................................................... 44 Disease burden .................................................................................................... 47 Epidemiology ....................................................................................................... 49 Insecticide resistance ........................................................................................... 51 Knowledge, attitudes and practice ....................................................................... 53 Prevention ............................................................................................................ 57 Treatment ............................................................................................................. 59 Vector control ...................................................................................................... 61 Meningitis Diagnosis ............................................................................................................. 65 Epidemiology ....................................................................................................... 67 Rabies Epidemiology ....................................................................................................... 69 Vaccination........................................................................................................... 71 Schistosomiasis Diagnosis ............................................................................................................. 73 Sexually transmitted disease Health-seeking behaviour ..................................................................................... 75 Tuberculosis Case detection ..................................................................................................... 77 Control ................................................................................................................. 81 Diagnosis ............................................................................................................. 83 Treatment success................................................................................................ 85 Operational Research in TDR portfolio 4 final (16 Mar 2010).indd 3 3/30/2010 4:13:07 PM Vaccine-preventable diseases Susceptibility ....................................................................................................... 88 Vaccination coverage ........................................................................................... 90 Vaccine efficacy ................................................................................................... 93 Visceral leishmaniasis Diagnosis ............................................................................................................. 95 Diagnostics .......................................................................................................... 97 Early detection ..................................................................................................... 99 Epidemiology ..................................................................................................... 101 Serodiagnosis .................................................................................................... 103 List of publications ..................................................................................................