Getting Off : Pornography and the End of Masculinity / by Robert Jensen

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Getting Off : Pornography and the End of Masculinity / by Robert Jensen PRAISE FOR GETTING OFF Despite the central role of pornography in the sexual socialization and psyches of millions of men, it is stunning how rarely we discuss it thoughtfully and honestly: with each other, with women, and per- haps most importantly, how rarely we examine its effects on us as men. Robert Jensen’s book does all of this. Agree or disagree with his analyses or conclusions, this brave book challenges all of us to face this crucial and sometimes painful subject with courage and hope. —Jackson Katz, author, The Macho Paradox PRAISE FOR HEART OF WHITENESS “Very few white writers have been able to point out the pathological nature of white privilege and supremacy with the eloquence of Robert Jensen.” —Tim Wise, author, White Like Me “Jensen’s concise and thought-provoking book offers a variety of ways for white Americans to abandon their unearned skin privilege and rejoin the rest of humanity.” —Kel Munger, Sacramento News and Review “With radical honesty, hard facts, and an abundance of insight and compassion, Robert Jensen lays out strategies for recognizing and dis- mantling white privilege—and helping others to do the same. This text is more than just important; it’s useful. Jensen demonstrates again that he is a leading voice in the American quest for justice.” —Adam Mansbach, author, Angry Black White Boy, or The Miscegenation of Macon Detornay PRAISE FOR CITIZENS OF THE EMPIRE “It is up to the citizens of the empire, Jensen says, to ‘build move- ments that can transform people’s opposition into political power.’ That sounds like a tall order, but Jensen’s use of personal anecdotes, analogies, and in-your-face common sense makes the reading easy and his request sound doable, even logical.” —Publishers Weekly “Robert Jensen does more than challenge us to think and feel—he also encourages us to transform our lives.” —Norman Solomon, co-author, Target Iraq “Robert Jensen supplies a much needed citizens’ manual, that explains well the evasion of moral principles that underlie appeals to patrio- tism, and the differences between nominal and real free speech and a vibrant versus an empty and managed democracy.” —Edward S. Herman, co-author, Manufacturing Consent getting off [PORNOGRAPHY AND THE END OF MASCULINITY] by Robert Jensen south end press cambridge, ma ©2007 by Robert Jensen. The views expressed in the book belong to the author and not the institutions with which he is affiliated. Cover design: Design Action Collective. Page design and production: South End Press Collective/Joey Fox Any properly footnoted quotation of up to 500 sequential words may be used without permission, as long as the total number of words quoted does not exceed 2,000. For longer quotations or for a greater number of total words, please write for permission to South End Press. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Jensen, Robert, 1958- Getting off : pornography and the end of masculinity / by Robert Jensen. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 978-0-89608-776-7 (pbk. : alk. paper) 1. Pornography--Moral and ethical aspects. 2. Pornography--Social aspects. 3. Women--Crimes against. 4. Feminist theory. I. Title. HQ471.J47 2007 306.77--dc22 2007006615 Printed in the United States. 10 09 08 07 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 South End Press 7 Brookline Street, #1 Cambridge, MA 02139 http://www.southendpress.org [email protected] read. write. revolt. This book is dedicated to the memories of Andrea Dworkin and Sally Koplin. o Beatrice: What would happen if one woman told the truth about her life? The world would split open. Houdini: It has. Now I’m going after it—all pieces. —Muriel Rukeyser Houdini: A Musical table of contents Our First Glance In The Mirror: The Rowdy Boys 1 introduction masculinity [ANDREA AND JIM] 5 pornography [THE PARADOX IN THE MIRROR] 13 masculinity where we are stuck [PLAYING KING OF THE HILL] 21 pornography a pornographic world [what is normal?] 37 pornography as mirror [content] 51 choices, his and hers [production] 79 we are what we masturbate to [consumption] 97 getting nasty [ariana jollee and laura david] 121 not-masculinity where we need to go [MORE THAN JUST JOHNS] 133 conclusion pornography [what is sexuality for?] 153 masculinity [what can men do?] 165 Our Last Glance In The Mirror: The Sad Men 185 endnotes 186 a bibliographic note 195 acknowledgments 197 Our First Glance In The Mirror: The Rowdy Boys I am at the Adult Entertainment Expo in Las Vegas in January 2005. At one of the 300 exhibitor booths on the floor of the Sands Expo Center is Tiffany Holiday, a woman who performs in pornographic movies. She is kissing and touching another female performer, and a crowd of men gathers around. There are rules for how much actual sexual activity can take place on the convention floor, and the two women are pushing the boundary. The crowd encourages them to go further. The other woman leaves, and Tiffany begins to simulate mas- turbation, all the while talking dirty to the men gathered around her. The crowd swells to about 50 men. I’m stuck in the middle, holding a microphone for a documentary film crew. Emboldened by the size of the crowd, the men’s chants for more- explicit sex grow louder and more boisterous. Holiday responds in kind, encouraging the men to tell her what they like. The exchange continues, intensifying to the point where the men are moving as a unit—like a mob. Men’s bodies are pressed against each other as each one vies for the best view of the woman’s breasts, vagina, and anus. Many of the men are using cameras, camcorders, or cell phones to record the scene. It’s difficult not to notice—not to feel—that the men pressed up against me have erections. It’s difficult not to conclude that if there weren’t security guards on the floor, these men would likely gang-rape Tiffany Holiday. This is an expression of the dominant masculinity in the United States today. It is the masculinity of a mob, ready to rape. | 1 | introduction masculinity [ANDREA AND JIM] e a man. B It is a simple imperative, repeated over and over to men, starting when we are small boys. The phrase usually is connect- ed to one man’s demand that another man be “stronger,” which is traditionally understood as the ability to suppress emotional reactions and channel that energy into controlling situations and establishing dominance. Be a man, then, typically translates as: Surrender your humanity. To be a man, then, is a bad trade. When we become men—when we accept the idea that there is something called masculinity to which we should conform—we exchange those aspects of ourselves that make life worth living for an endless struggle for power that, in the end, is illusory and destructive not only to others but to ourselves. One response to this toxic masculinity has been to attempt to redefine what it means to be a man, to craft a kinder-and- gentler masculinity that might pose less of a threat to women and children and be more livable for men. But such a step is inadequate; our goal should not be to reshape masculinity but to eliminate it. The goal is liberation from the masculinity trap. I spent my first 30 years trying to be a man, learning the rituals of masculinity. Like all men, I never completely mas- tered the game, but like most men I became proficient enough to get by. But like some men, somewhere in my gut I knew there was something wrong, not only with my ongoing failure to be “man enough” but with the whole concept of being a man. It didn’t matter whether it was masculinity-as-domination or | 5 | masculinity-as-sensitivity—it all felt inauthentic. In my gut, it felt wrong. I spent 30 years repressing that gut feeling, to the detriment of myself and those around me. I’ve spent the past 20 years trying to change, to chart some course toward being not a man but a human being. This book is about that process, told in three different voices. Part of what I have learned comes from my work as a researcher and professor in the university; I will draw on data and theory (which need not be boring or irrelevant, though they often are). Part of my knowledge is based in political activism within a feminist movement, particularly the feminist anti-pornography movement; I cannot imagine making sense of this subject without feminism (which is a gift to men, not a threat). And, finally, part of this is simply my story, as a relatively ordinary man living in an ordinary world; I try to look at my own life as honestly as possible (which may sound scary, because it is).1 Because this book moves between research, politics, and the personal, I want to start at the moment when those three came together for me. In 1988 I left my career as a newspaper reporter and editor to begin a doctoral program in media ethics and law at the University of Minnesota. My interest in the law and philosophy concerning freedom of expression led me to the feminist critique of men’s violence and the sexual-exploitation industries, including pornography, which at that moment was one of the most controversial issues in First Amendment juris- prudence. I came to that study as a fairly normal guy with typi- cal experiences as a pornography user through childhood and early adulthood, and I had fairly typical liberal/libertarian ideas about pornography—to each his own/so long as it’s between consenting adults/one man’s art is another’s pornography, and so on.
Recommended publications
  • Read the Table of Contents
    0 CONTENTS Chronicling Men’s Role in the Gender Justice Movement . XI Against the Tide—Foreword by Michael Kimmel . XIV A Short History of One of the Most Important Social Justice Movements You’ve Never Heard Of . 1 Boys to Men . 53 The Journey to Healthy Manhood by Steven Botkin . .54 Searching for a New Boyhood by Michael Kimmel . 56 Yo Boyz: It’s About Respect by Aviva Okun Emmons . .59 The Three Scariest Words a Boy Will Ever Hear by Joe Ehrmann . 61 Wanted: Young White Guy to Change the World by Ethan Smith . 63 The Reader’ s Double Standard by Randy Flood . 65 Leaving the Team, Becoming a Man by Nathan Einschlag . 67 What Every College Guy Oughta Know About Good Relationships by Michael Kaufman . 70 Coaching Our Kids by Michael Messner . 72 Boyhood Without Weapons by Sarah Werthan Buttenwieser . 76 Partying with Consent by Jonathan Kalin . 78 Men’s Tears by Freya Manfred . 81 Changing Men . 83 Trump’s Misogyny and the Crisis in Masculinity by Rob Okun . 83 Unbecoming a Man by Allan Johnson . 85 The High Cost of Manliness by Robert Jensen . 86 Unnatural Embrace: Men’s Fear of Hugging by Michael Burke . 89 The National Conversation About Masculinity by Michael Kimmel . 91 Wanted: Men to Change the Masculinity Narrative by Rob Okun . 93 Male Student Athletes: Profeminism’s Newest Allies by Rob Okun . 95 Why a Men’s Center? by Steven Botkin . 97 Looking at (White, Male, Straight, Middle-Class) Privilege by Michael Kimmel . .100 Poisoned Privilege: The Price Men Pay for Patriarchy by Jane Fonda .
    [Show full text]
  • MIAMI UNIVERSITY the Graduate School
    MIAMI UNIVERSITY The Graduate School Certificate for Approving the Dissertation We hereby approve the Dissertation of Steven Almaraz Candidate for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy ______________________________________ Director Kurt Hugenberg ______________________________________ Reader Allen McConnell ______________________________________ Reader Jonathan Kunstman ______________________________________ Graduate School Representative Monica Schneider ABSTRACT APPARENT SOCIOSEXUAL ORIENTATION: FACIAL CORRELATES AND CONSEQUENCES OF WOMEN’S UNRESTRICTED APPEARANCE by Steven M. Almaraz People make quick work of forming a variety of impressions of one another based on minimal information. Recent work has shown that people are able to make judgments of others’ Apparent Sociosexual Orientation (ASO) – an estimation of how interested another person is in uncommitted sexual activity – based on facial information alone. In the present work, I used three studies to expand the understanding of this poorly understood facial judgment by investigating the dimensionality of ASO (Study 1), the facial predictors of ASO (Study 2), and the consequences of these ASO judgments on men’s hostility and benevolence towards women (Study 3). In Study 1, I showed that men’s judgments of women’s Apparent Sociosexual Orientation were organized into judgments of women’s appearance of unrestricted attitudes and desires (Intrapersonal ASO) and their appearance of unrestricted behaviors (Behavioral ASO). Study 2 revealed that more attractive and more dominant appearing women were perceived as more sexually unrestricted. In Study 3, I found that women who appeared to engage in more unrestricted behavior were subjected to increased benevolent sexism, though this effect was primarily driven by unrestricted appearing women’s attractiveness. However, women who appeared to have sexually unrestricted attitudes and desires were subjected to increased hostility, even when controlling for the effects of the facial correlates found in Study 2.
    [Show full text]
  • A Cruel Edge: the Painful Truth About Today's Pornography -- and What Men Can Do About It
    A cruel edge: The painful truth about today's pornography -- and what men can do about it Robert Jensen School of Journalism University of Texas Austin, TX 78712 work: (512) 471-1990 fax: (512) 471-7979 [email protected] copyright Robert Jensen 2004 An abridged version of this appeared in MS magazine, Spring 2004, pp. 54- 58. The complete text was published as "Cruel to be hard: Men and pornography," in Sexual Assault Report, January/February 2004, pp. 33-34, 45-48 by Robert Jensen After an intense three hours, the workshop on pornography is winding down. The 40 women all work at a center that serves battered women and rape survivors. These are the women on the front lines, the ones who answer the 24-hour hotline and work one-on-one with victims. They counsel women who have just been raped, help women who have been beaten, and nurture children who have been abused. These women have heard and seen it all. No matter how brutal a story might be, they have experienced or heard one even more brutal; there is no way to one-up them on stories of male violence. But after three hours of information, analysis, and discussion of the commercial heterosexual pornography industry, many of these women are drained. Sadness hangs over the room. Near the end of the session, one women who had been quiet starts to speak. Throughout the workshop she had held herself in tightly, her arms wrapped around herself. She talks for some time, and then apologizes for rambling.
    [Show full text]
  • By Anne-Sophie Adelys
    by Anne-Sophie Adelys © Anne-Sophie Adelys - 2013 - www.adelys.co.nz © Anne-Sophie Adelys - 2013 - www.adelys.co.nz 3 © Anne-Sophie Adelys - 2013 - www.adelys.co.nz © Anne-Sophie Adelys - 2013 - www.adelys.co.nz My name is Anne-Sophie Adelys. I’m French and have been living in New Zealand since 2001. I’m an artist. A painter. Each week I check “The Big idea” website for any open call for artists. On Saturday the 29th of June 2013, I answered an artist call titled: “Artist for a fringe campaign on Porn” posted by the organisation: The Porn Project. This diary documents the process of my work around this project. I’m not a writer and English is not even my first language. Far from a paper, this diary only serves one purpose: documenting my process while working on ‘The Porn Project’. Note: I have asked my friend Becky to proof-read the diary to make sure my ‘FrenchGlish’ is not too distracting for English readers. But her response was “your FrenchGlish is damn cute”. So I assume she has left it as is… © Anne-Sophie Adelys - 2013 - www.adelys.co.nz 4 4 © Anne-Sophie Adelys - 2013 - www.adelys.co.nz The artist call as per The Big Idea post (http://www.thebigidea.co.nz) Artists for a fringe campaign on porn 28 June 2013 Organisation/person name: The Porn Project Work type: Casual Work classification: OTHER Job description: The Porn Project A Fringe Art Campaign Tāmaki Makaurau/Auckland, Aotearoa/New Zealand August, 2013 In 2012, Pornography in the Public Eye was launched by people at the University of Auckland to explore issues in relation to pornography through research, art and community-based action.
    [Show full text]
  • The Élan Vital of DIY Porn
    Liminalities: A Journal of Performance Studies Vol. 11, No. 1 (March 2015) The Élan Vital of DIY Porn Shaka McGlotten In this essay, I borrow philosopher Henri Bergson’s concept élan vital, which is translated as vital force or vital impetus, to describe the generative potential evident in new Do-It- Yourself (DIY) pornographic artifacts and to resist the trend to view porn as dead or dead- ening. Bergson employed this idea to challenge the mechanistic view of matter held by the biological sciences of the late 19th and early 20th Centuries, a view that considered the stuff of life to be reducible to brute or inert matter. Bergson argued, rather, that matter, insofar as it undergoes continuous change, is itself alive and not because of an immaterial, animat- ing principle, but because this liveliness is intrinsic to matter itself. I use Bergson’s élan vi- tal to think through the liveliness of gay DIY porn and for its contribution to a visual his- tory of desire, for the ways it changes the relationships between consumers and producers of pornography, and the ways it realizes new ways of stretching the pornographic imagination aesthetically and politically. It’s Alive I jump between sites. I watch a racially ambiguous young man with thick, muscular legs standing in front of a nondescript bathtub. He whispers, “I’m so horny right now,” rub- bing his cock beneath red Diesel boxer briefs. He turns and pulls his underwear down, arching his back to reveal a hairy butt. Turning to the camera again he shows off his modestly equipped, but very hard, dick.
    [Show full text]
  • Deviant Dreams: Extreme Associates and the Case for Porn
    City University of New York Law Review Volume 10 Issue 1 Winter 2006 Deviant Dreams: Extreme Associates and the Case for Porn Sienna Baskin CUNY School of Law Follow this and additional works at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu/clr Part of the Law Commons Recommended Citation Sienna Baskin, Deviant Dreams: Extreme Associates and the Case for Porn, 10 N.Y. City L. Rev. 155 (2006). Available at: 10.31641/clr100108 The CUNY Law Review is published by the Office of Library Services at the City University of New York. For more information please contact [email protected]. Deviant Dreams: Extreme Associates and the Case for Porn Acknowledgements The author would like to thank Professor Ruthann Robson, Professor Andrea McArdle, Lena Ramon, and Davim Horowitz. This article is available in City University of New York Law Review: https://academicworks.cuny.edu/clr/vol10/iss1/9 DEVIANT DREAMS: EXTREME ASSOCIATES AND THE CASE FOR PORN, Sienna Baskin* There's a difference between watching entertainment and feeling hey, that's not my, you know, cup of tea. I could do without seeing that for the next [thirty] years of my life, and saying, "You know what? The person who made that should go to prison. "2 [A] person's inclinations and fantasies are his own and beyond the reach of government.3 INTRODUCTION: THE FIRST BATrLE IN THE WAR ON PORN "I guess this means we've won the war on terror," responded one frustrated FBI agent when he learned of the government's new priority for investigations and prosecutions: obscene pornogra- phy.4 Attorney General Gonzales has announced his intention to resurrect the federal obscenity statutes, which have lain virtually unused for a decade, to prosecute purveyors of pornography whose products violate community standards.5 His public statements on the subject make clear that the campaign will target obscenity 1 The term pornography and its abbreviation will be used interchangeably in this essay.
    [Show full text]
  • Jews Control U.S.A., Therefore the World – Is That a Good Thing?
    Jews Control U.S.A., Therefore the World – Is That a Good Thing? By Chairman of the U.S. based Romanian National Vanguard©2007 www.ronatvan.com v. 1.6 1 INDEX 1. Are Jews satanic? 1.1 What The Talmud Rules About Christians 1.2 Foes Destroyed During the Purim Feast 1.3 The Shocking "Kol Nidre" Oath 1.4 The Bar Mitzvah - A Pledge to The Jewish Race 1.5 Jewish Genocide over Armenian People 1.6 The Satanic Bible 1.7 Other Examples 2. Are Jews the “Chosen People” or the real “Israel”? 2.1 Who are the “Chosen People”? 2.2 God & Jesus quotes about race mixing and globalization 3. Are they “eternally persecuted people”? 3.1 Crypto-Judaism 4. Is Judeo-Christianity a healthy “alliance”? 4.1 The “Jesus was a Jew” Hoax 4.2 The "Judeo - Christian" Hoax 4.3 Judaism's Secret Book - The Talmud 5. Are Christian sects Jewish creations? Are they affecting Christianity? 5.1 Biblical Quotes about the sects , the Jews and about the results of them working together. 6. “Anti-Semitism” shield & weapon is making Jews, Gods! 7. Is the “Holocaust” a dirty Jewish LIE? 7.1 The Famous 66 Questions & Answers about the Holocaust 8. Jews control “Anti-Hate”, “Human Rights” & Degraded organizations??? 8.1 Just a small part of the full list: CULTURAL/ETHNIC 8.2 "HATE", GENOCIDE, ETC. 8.3 POLITICS 8.4 WOMEN/FAMILY/SEX/GENDER ISSUES 8.5 LAW, RIGHTS GROUPS 8.6 UNIONS, OCCUPATION ORGANIZATIONS, ACADEMIA, ETC. 2 8.7 IMMIGRATION 9. Money Collecting, Israel Aids, Kosher Tax and other Money Related Methods 9.1 Forced payment 9.2 Israel “Aids” 9.3 Kosher Taxes 9.4 Other ways for Jews to make money 10.
    [Show full text]
  • Deception in Facial Expressions of Pain
    DECEPTION IN FACIAL EXPRESSIONS OF PAIN: STRATEGIES TO IMPROVE DETECTION by MARILYN LOUISE HILL B.A. (Honours), Queen's University, 1989 M.Sc, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 1992 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES Department of Psychology We accept this thesis as conforming to the required standard THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA AUGUST 1996 © Marilyn Louise Hill, 1996 In presenting this thesis in partial fulfilment of the requirements for an advanced degree at the University of British Columbia, I agree that the Library shall make it freely available for reference and study. I further agree that permission for extensive copying of this thesis for scholarly purposes may be granted by the head of my department or by his or her representatives. It is understood that copying or publication of this thesis for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. Department The University of British Columbia Vancouver, Canada DE-6 (2/88) Abstract Research suggests that clinicians assign greater weight to nonverbal expression than to patients' self-report when judging the location and severity of their pain. However, it has also been found that pain patients are fairly successful at altering their facial expressions of pain, as their deceptive and genuine pain expressions show few differences in the frequency and intensity of pain-related facial actions. The general aim of the present research was to improve the detection of deceptive pain expressions using both an empirical and a clinical approach. The first study had an empirical focus to pain identification, and provided a more detailed description of genuine and deceptive pain expressions by using a more comprehensive range of facial coding procedures than previous research.
    [Show full text]
  • Is Mainstream Pornography Becoming Increasingly Violent and Do Viewers Prefer Violent Content?
    The Journal of Sex Research ISSN: 0022-4499 (Print) 1559-8519 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/hjsr20 “Harder and Harder”? Is Mainstream Pornography Becoming Increasingly Violent and Do Viewers Prefer Violent Content? Eran Shor & Kimberly Seida To cite this article: Eran Shor & Kimberly Seida (2018): “Harder and Harder”? Is Mainstream Pornography Becoming Increasingly Violent and Do Viewers Prefer Violent Content?, The Journal of Sex Research, DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2018.1451476 To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.1080/00224499.2018.1451476 Published online: 18 Apr 2018. Submit your article to this journal View related articles View Crossmark data Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=hjsr20 THE JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH,00(00), 1–13, 2018 Copyright © The Society for the Scientific Study of Sexuality ISSN: 0022-4499 print/1559-8519 online DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00224499.2018.1451476 “Harder and Harder”? Is Mainstream Pornography Becoming Increasingly Violent and Do Viewers Prefer Violent Content? Eran Shor and Kimberly Seida Department of Sociology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada It is a common notion among many scholars and pundits that the pornography industry becomes “harder and harder” with every passing year. Some have suggested that porn viewers, who are mostly men, become desensitized to “soft” pornography, and producers are happy to generate videos that are more hard core, resulting in a growing demand for and supply of violent and degrading acts against women in mainstream pornographic videos. We examined this accepted wisdom by utilizing a sample of 269 popular videos uploaded to PornHub over the past decade.
    [Show full text]
  • The Myth of Obsolete Obscenity (20160511) (Do Not Delete) 5/11/2016 1:33 PM
    Kinsley, The Myth of Obsolete Obscenity (20160511) (Do Not Delete) 5/11/2016 1:33 PM THE MYTH OF OBSOLETE OBSCENITY JENNIFER M. KINSLEY* INTRODUCTION ................................................................................. 609 I. BACKGROUND................................................................................ 610 A. Federal Obscenity Laws ................................................... 610 1. Miller v. California..................................................... 611 2. Smith v. California ..................................................... 612 3. Pope v. Illinois ............................................................ 612 B. State Obscenity Laws and Local Ordinances ................... 612 C. Current Scholarship on Obscenity Prosecutions .............. 614 II. OBSCENITY PROSECUTIONS FROM 2000 TO PRESENT .................... 615 A. Federal Prosecutions ....................................................... 615 1. The Bush Administration Prosecutions: Cases Initiated and Concluded from 2003 to 2008 ............. 617 a. Extreme Associates ............................................... 617 b. The Ragsdales ....................................................... 618 c. Patrick J. O’Malley ............................................... 618 d. Jeffrey Kilbride and James Schaffer ..................... 619 e. Karen Fletcher ....................................................... 620 f. Adult DVD Empire................................................ 621 g. The Harb Cousins ................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The Wooster Voice Yuri Brrra
    The College of Wooster Open Works The oV ice: 1991-2000 "The oV ice" Student Newspaper Collection 4-6-2000 The oW oster Voice (Wooster, OH), 2000-04-06 Wooster Voice Editors Follow this and additional works at: https://openworks.wooster.edu/voice1991-2000 Recommended Citation Editors, Wooster Voice, "The oosW ter Voice (Wooster, OH), 2000-04-06" (2000). The Voice: 1991-2000. 246. https://openworks.wooster.edu/voice1991-2000/246 This Book is brought to you for free and open access by the "The oV ice" Student Newspaper Collection at Open Works, a service of The oC llege of Wooster Libraries. It has been accepted for inclusion in The oV ice: 1991-2000 by an authorized administrator of Open Works. For more information, please contact [email protected]. 66 's tough to make predictions, especially Thursday, about the future. Yuri Brrra April 6, 2000 The Wooster Voice 99 Volume CXVI, Issue 22 America's Oldest Weekly College Newspaper www. wooster. eduvoice Africa week fashions New curriculum sparks controversy Lack of religion requirement incites debate forfaculty, trustees Naomi Kresge members of the Board." After be- Trustees said before the faculty" News Editor ing questioned about potential because a "significant change" in The potential elimination of a re- trustee reaction to a potentially ab- a dimension of student life could ligious studies requirement took a sent religious studies requirement, lead the Board to request a review central place in Monday evening's Durham emphasized that no faculty of the proposed change. 'The Presi- Faculty Committee meeting discus- vote has been taken to approve a dent decides when it is a significant sion of the recently proposed cur- course of action and that "you're enough issue," Strickler said.
    [Show full text]
  • Criminalization Downloads Evil: Reexamining the Approach to Electronic Possession When Child Pornography Goes International
    \\jciprod01\productn\B\BIN\34-2\BIN203.txt unknown Seq: 1 2-JUN-16 14:19 CRIMINALIZATION DOWNLOADS EVIL: REEXAMINING THE APPROACH TO ELECTRONIC POSSESSION WHEN CHILD PORNOGRAPHY GOES INTERNATIONAL Asaf Harduf* INTRODUCTION ................................................... 280 R I. THE LADDER OF CRIMINALIZATION ....................... 281 R A. The Matter of Criminalization ......................... 282 R B. The Rungs of the Ladder of Criminalization ........... 284 R 1. First Rung: Identifying the Conduct, Causation, and Harm ......................................... 285 R 2. Second Rung: Examining the Ability to Achieve Goals ............................................. 286 R 3. Third Rung: Examining Alternatives to Criminalization .................................... 287 R 4. Fourth Rung: Assessing the Social Costs of Solutions and Striking a Balance .................. 288 R C. Towards an Analysis of Child Pornography Possession ............................................. 288 R II. APPLICATION TO THE ELECTRONIC POSSESSION OF CHILD PORNOGRAPHY ............................................ 289 R A. First Rung: The Offensive Conduct of Electronic Possession ............................................. 292 R 1. Conduct of Electronic Possession .................. 292 R 2. Harms to Children ................................ 294 R 3. Causation: Four Possible Links .................... 295 R 4. Offensiveness: Summation ......................... 302 R B. Second Rung: Criminal Law’s Ability to Reduce Harm to Children ...........................................
    [Show full text]