DOCSLIB.ORG

“To Wash a Blackamoor White:” the Rise of Black Ethnic Religious

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
“To Wash a Blackamoor White:” the Rise of Black Ethnic Religious View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by ETD - Electronic Theses & Dissertations “To Wash a Blackamoor White:” The Rise of Black Ethnic Religious Rhetoric in Early Modern England By Tamara Elisabeth Lewis Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Vanderbilt University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in Religion May, 2014 Nashville, Tennessee Approved: Professor Paul Chang-Ha Lim Professor Peter Lake Professor Victor Anderson Professor Dennis C. Dickerson Professor Catherine Molineux Professor Lewis Baldwin Copyright 2014 by Tamara E. Lewis All Rights Reserved ii To my parents Reverend Bettye P. Lewis and Dr. Rapheal O. Lewis iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The genesis and completion of this work would not have been possible without the support of the chairperson of my committee, Dr. Paul Chang-Ha Lim. From his early championing of the pursuance of this particular avenue of research to his continued encouragement throughout the writing process, he has served as an inspiration to me both as mentor and scholar. I am also especially grateful for the guidance and mentorship of Drs. Lewis V. Baldwin, Victor Anderson, Dennis C. Dickerson, Catherine Molineux, and J. Patout Burns. My deepest thankfulness goes out to the warm tutelage and financial assistance bequeathed by the Women of Color Scholars Program of The United Methodist Church under the leadership of Reverend Angella Current-Felder and particularly Drs. Rosetta Ross, Karen Collier, Linda Thomas, and Rita Nakashima Brock. I am indebted to the outpouring of resources from Matthew Williams and the Fund for Theological Education (FTE) as well as the underwriting of the Vanderbilt University Graduate Department of Religion Award. The helpfulness of the entire Perkins School of Theology, Southern Methodist University community including Dean William Lawrence, Associate Dean Evelyn Parker, Carlos Cardoza-Orlandi, Rebekah Miles, James Lee, Jeanne Stevenson-Moessner, Natalia Marandiuc, and Carolyn Douglas has been invaluable. In addition, my colleagues from Vanderbilt have provided life-giving nurturance and stimulating conversation. Finally, special thanks to my sisters Kristin Lewis and Yolanda Walker, as well as Rev. Shirley Rayford and the Braden United Methodist Church, Nashville, TN. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS………………………………………………………….……iv Chapter I. Introduction…………………………………………………………………………….1 Background……………..................................................................................................3 Literature Review………………………………………………………………………6 Race, Religious History, and Early Modern England…………………………………15 The Hamitic Myth and Early Modern England…………………………………….....22 Blackamoor Tropology in Ancient Christian Texts…………………………………...28 Methodology and Chapter Overview………………………………………………….34 II. Original Sin, The Hamitic Curse, and Blackamoor Imagery………………………...38 Contemporary Religious “Othering” of Black Africans………………………………44 The Hamitic Myth and the Origins of Black Skin Color……………………………...51 History of the Doctrine of Original Sin in the West…………………………………..59 Metaphors of Blackness as Sin in English Texts……………………………………...65 Conclusion…………………………………………………………………………….98 III. English Blackamoors, The Black Bride of Song of Songs, and Justification by Faith Alone……………………………………………………………………………………102 The Emergence of Justification by Faith Alone……………………………………..107 The Song of Songs in the Christian Tradition………………………………………..117 Blackness in English Commentaries on the Song of Songs……………………….........140 Racial Ethnicity in English Commentaries on Song of Songs…………………………..153 Summary……………………………………………………………………………..169 Conclusion…………………………………………………………………………...177 IV. Masques and Mirrors: ‘Aethiopem Lavare’ and Sanctification in Early Modern England…………………………………………………………………………………179 Literary Themes of Blackness and Sanctification……………………………….......181 The Classical Trope of Washing the Ethiopian White………………………………189 Sanctification and Early Modern English Religious Writings on Black Ethnicity….196 Conclusion…………………………………………………………………………...219 v V. “Absent Presence:” The Religious Lives of Early Modern English Africans……...208 The History of Blacks in Early Modern England…………………………………....226 Early Modern English Parish Archives of Blacks…………………………………...236 Two Case Studies of the Religious Lives of Early Modern English Africans………252 Conclusion…………………………………………………………………………...262 VI. Conclusion: The Legacy of English Blackamoor Rhetoric………………………..264 BIBLIOGRAPHY………………………………………………………………………283 vi CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION The earliest known visual documentation of an African in England comes from the 1511 Westminster Tournament Roll of Henry VIII, currently displayed in the mounted College of Arms.1 The illuminated manuscript reveals a lone black man seated among six musicians. All are blowing their trumpets in celebration of the Queen’s giving birth to a male child the previous New Year’s Day. Contemporary accounts of the Treasury of the Chamber, which document the recurring payments of court staff, list “John Blanc, the blacke trumpeter.” Such accounts began in 1507, late in the monarchy of Henry VII, and continue throughout the reign of his son. The name “Blanc,” (or Blank) meaning white, is surely a given name, and meant to be of “ironic jest,”2 amusing at the English court. Where did Blanc originate? Did he come to England directly from Africa? Perhaps he arrived by way of Spain or Portugal? Maybe there was a connection with the 3 “Blackamoors” known to be present at the Scottish courts? Kate Lowe has suggested 1 For visual representation http://www.westminster.gov.uk/services/libraries/archives/blackpresence/01/ [date accessed 11/20/13] See also Sydney Anglo, The Great Tournament Roll of Westminster (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1968) and Richard Barber and Juliet Barber, Tournaments: Jousts, Chivalry and Pageants in the Middle Ages (Suffolk: Boydell Press, 1989). 2 Peter Fryer, Staying Power: The History of Black People in Britain, (London: Pluto Press, 1984), 4. [Hereafter cited as Fryer, Staying Power,] 3 For discussion of blacks in Scotland see Fryer, Staying Power, 4; see also Patricia Hill Buchanan, Margaret Tudor: Queen of Scots (Edinburgh: Columbia University for Scottish Academic Press, 1985); P. Edwards and J. Walvin, Black Personalities in the Era of the Slave Trade (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University, 1983). 7 that Blanc was a “surviving member” of Princess Catherine’s 1501 royal entourage.4 Thomas More described Catherine of Aragon, daughter of Spain’s Ferdinand and Isabella, and betrothed at the time to Prince Arthur of England, as having many “slave” attendants. According to eyewitness testimony, (most notably More’s), some of these were black Africans.5 Whether or not Blanc originally came to England with the Spanish princess, it is known that in 1512 he married, for records show that King Henry VIII ordered Blanc an expensive wedding gift.6 John Blanc therefore represents a unique instance of African assimilation into early modern English society. Foreigners like Blanc, growing numerically in England, were known by a range of new terms borrowed from Iberian languages. Words, including “Negroes,” “Blacks,” “Moors,” or “Blackamoors,” suggest color as “the visual antithesis of whiteness.”7 These terms also reflect the proliferation of contemporary literary “evocations of blackness” in 4 Kate Lowe, “The Stereotyping of Black Africans in Renaissance Europe,” in T.F. Earle and K.J.P. Lowe, eds., Blacks in Renaissance Europe (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005), 39. [Hereafter cited as Lowe, “Stereotyping,”] 5 See Elizabeth Frances Rogers, The Correspondence of Sir Thomas More (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1947), 4. The letter is dated November 1501. More calls the black slave attendants “hunchbacked, tattered, barefooted, pigmy Ethiopians, like devils out of Hell.” Ironically, Desiderius Erasmus teased Thomas More himself for his surname “More,” which could also mean Moor or black Ethiop; Erasmus sometimes called More “Niger” (Peter Ackroyd, The Life of Thomas More, New York: Nan A. Talese, 1998, 7). The More family coat of arms has the figure of an African head on it, a feature common among English slave-trading families in the early modern period. More uses this coat of arms as his official seal when he is Henry VIII’s under-treasurer. A reproduction of the crest can be viewed in J.A. Rogers, Nature Knows No Color Line: Research Into the Negro Ancestry of the White Race (St. Petersburg, FL: Helga M. Rogers Publ., 1980), 76. 6 According to Imtiaz Habib, Blanc’s marriage indicates “the degree of his acceptance and social assimilation” into English society (Black Lives in the English Archives, 1500-1677: Imprints of the Invisible (Hampshire, UK: Ashgate, 2008), 40. [Hereafter cited as Habib, Black Lives.] Recorded in the Exchequer Accounts of Henry VIII is a listing of rich clothes as a marriage gift: “14 January John Blak’s Marriage…Warrant to the Great Wardrobe to deliver John Blak ‘our trumpeter.’…A gown of violet cloth, &c. including a bonnet and a hat, ‘to be taken of our gift against his marriage.’ Greenwich, 14 January 3 Henry VIII.” As Habib states, the archive record does not reveal whom Blanc married. 7 Alden T. Vaughan and Virginia Mason Vaughan, “Before Othello: Elizabethan Representations of Sub- Saharan Africans,” WMQ 54: 1 (1997), 31. [Hereafter cited as Vaughn, “Before Othello.”] 8 early modern English
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Content Dental Care
    DENTAL Care Content Dental Care 134 How must the professional proceed in order to obtain reimbursement for dental care? 137 Why is the professional/provider asking the client to pay for their service? 138 Reason 1 - The professional/provider refuses to collaborate with Health Canada to receive payment for the services or the professional is unfamiliar with Heath Canada’s reimbursement process. 140 Reason 2 - The client did not indicate their First Nations status to the professional/provider. 141 Reason 3 - Difference in cost between the amount reimbursed by Health Canada and the amount being billed by the professional/provider. 143 Reason 4 - Non-respect for the frequency limits in the client’s file (e.g. not enough time has passed between two treatments). 144 Reason 5 - The dental care being requested is excluded from the program. 145 Frequently Asked Questions DENTAL CARE Since February 2013, preauthorisation for Health Canada’s dental care services is performed by the National Dental Predetermination Centre located in Ottawa. Health Canada’s Dental Care program covers care and services when these are not covered by Quebec’s health insurance plan. Client eligibility is described in the following table. ELIGIBLE CLIENTELE RAMQ NIHB • Children nine years of age or under (ex- • The costs for cleaning, periodontal scaling cludes: cleaning, periodontal scaling and and the application of fluoride and sealants fluoride) for children ages nine years or under • Provincial income security recipients • First Nations members ten years and up (on- and off-reserve) See the Provincial Health Care and • Income security recipients on-reserve Services section The services covered by Health Canada are described in: • The Dental Benefits Guide (appended); • The NIHB information booklet, pages 8 to 14.
    [Show full text]
  • Spring 2021 Bulletin
    Advancing Access to Civil Justice STEPS TOWARD INTERNATIONAL CLIMATE GOVERNANCE Featuring William Nordhaus, Pinelopi Goldberg, and Scott Barrett HONORING WILLIAM LABOV, RUTH LEHMANN , AND GERTRUD SCHÜPBACH SPRING 2021 SELECT UPCOMING VIRTUAL EVENTS May 6 A Conversation with Architect 27 Reflections on a Full, Consequential, Jeanne Gang and Lucky Life: Science, Leadership, Featuring: Jeanne Gang and Education Featuring: Walter E. Massey (left) in conversation with Don Randel (right) June 14 Lessons Learned from Reckoning with Organizational History Featuring: John J. DeGioia, Brent Leggs, Susan Goldberg, Claudia Rankine, and Ben Vinson 13 Finding a Shared Narrative Hosted by the Library of Congress Featuring: Danielle Allen, winner of the Library’s 2020 Kluge Prize Above: “Our Common Purpose” featuring the Juneteenth flag with one star. Artist: Rodrigo Corral For a full and up-to-date listing of upcoming events, please visit amacad.org/events. SPRING 2021 CONTENTS Flooding beside the Russian River on Westside Road in Healdsburg, Sonoma County, California; February 27, 2019. Features 16 Steps Toward International 38 Honoring Ruth Lehmann and Gertrud Climate Governance Schüpbach with the Francis Amory Prize William Nordhaus, Pinelopi Goldberg, and Scott Barrett Ruth Lehmann and Gertrud Schüpbach 30 Honoring William Labov with the Talcott Parsons Prize William Labov CONTENTS 5 Among the contributors to the Dædalus issue on “Immigration, Nativism & Race” (left to right): Douglas S. Massey (guest editor), Christopher Sebastian Parker, and Cecilia Menjívar Our Work 5 Dædalus Explores Immigration, Nativism & Race in the United States 7 Advancing Civil Justice Access in the 21st Century 7 10 New Reports on the Earnings & Job Outcomes of College Graduates 14 Our Common Purpose in Communities Across the Country Members 53 In Memoriam: Louis W.
    [Show full text]
  • John Wesley and the Religious Societies
    JOHN WESLEY AND THE RELIGIOUS SOCIETIES JOHN WESLEY AND THE RELIGIOUS SOCIETIES BY JOHN S. SIMON, D.D. AUTHOR OF * A SUMMARY OF METHODIST LAW AND DISCIPLINE,' * THE REVIVAL OF RELIGION IN ENGLAND IN THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY,' ETC. LONDON THE EPWORTH PRESS J. ALFRED SHARP First edition, 1921 PREFACE Canon Overton, in his Life in the English Church, 1660- ' 1714, says that there is no doubt that John Wesley intended his Societies to be an exact repetition of what was done by Beveridge, Horneck, and Smythies sixty-two years before.' ' He continues : How it was that the Methodist Societies took a different course is a very interesting, and, to a church- man, a very sad question.' In this book I have given descrip- tions of the first Rehgious Societies, and have shown their development under the influence of Dr. Woodward and John Wesley. From those descriptions my readers wiU be able to judge the accuracy of Canon Overton's statement concern- ing John Wesley's intentions. There can be no doubt, how- ' ' ever, that the relationship between the Religious Societies ' ' and the United Societies of the People called Methodists was so close that the latter cannot be understood without an intimate knowledge of the former. In writing this book, I have kept the Methodist Church in view. My eyes have been fixed on John Wesley and the England in which his greatest work was done. We can never understand the revival of religion which glorified the eighteenth century until we see Wesley as he wls, and get rid of the false impressions created by writers who have had an imperfect acquaintance with him and his evangelistic work.
    [Show full text]
  • Notes on the Parish of Mylor, Cornwall
    C.i i ^v /- NOTES ON THE PARISH OF MYLOR /v\. (crt MVI.OK CII r RCII. -SO UIH I'OKCil AND CROSS O !• ST. MlLoKIS. [NOTES ON THE PARISH OF MYLOR CORNWALL. BY HUGH P. OLIVEY M.R.C.S. Uaunton BARNICOTT &- PEARCE, ATHEN^UM PRESS 1907 BARNICOTT AND PEARCE PRINTERS Preface. T is usual to write something as a preface, and this generally appears to be to make some excuse for having written at all. In a pre- face to Tom Toole and his Friends — a very interesting book published a few years ago, by Mrs. Henry Sandford, in which the poets Coleridge and Wordsworth, together with the Wedgwoods and many other eminent men of that day figure,—the author says, on one occasion, when surrounded by old letters, note books, etc., an old and faithful servant remon- " " strated with her thus : And what for ? she " demanded very emphatically. There's many a hundred dozen books already as nobody ever reads." Her hook certainly justified her efforts, and needed no excuse. But what shall I say of this } What for do 1 launch this little book, which only refers to the parish ot Mylor ^ vi Preface. The great majority of us are convinced that the county of our birth is the best part of Eng- land, and if we are folk country-born, that our parish is the most favoured spot in it. With something of this idea prompting me, I have en- deavoured to look up all available information and documents, and elaborate such by personal recollections and by reference to authorities.
    [Show full text]
  • The Following Essay Was Published in Struggles in the Promised Land , Ed
    [The following essay was published in Struggles in the Promised Land , ed. Jack Salzman and Cornel West (New York/Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997) 21-51. It appears here substantially as published but with some additions indicated in this color .] THE CURSE OF HAM: A CASE OF RABBINIC RACISM? David M. Goldenberg In 1604 Fray Prudencio de Sandoval had this to say about the Jew and the Black: Who can deny that in the descendants of the Jews there persists and endures the evil inclination of their ancient ingratitude and lack of understanding, just as in the Negroes [there persists] the inseparable quality of their blackness. 1 His linking of Jew and Black was not unusual. Indeed, the explicit and implicit comparison of these two peoples is found throughout western literature over many centuries. Leslie Fiedler may have been right when he said, “Surely the Negro cannot relish...this improbable and unwanted yoking any more than the Jew.” Nevertheless, yoked they are, at least in the minds of the rest of the world. At various times and in various places, both peoples were said to be genetically diseased, physically and intellectually inferior, cursed by God, oversexed, more animal than human, ugly, smelly, and, of course, associated with the devil. From Jerome and Augustine, who saw biblical Ham as typologically the Jew while biologically the Black, to the 1930’s American graffito “A nigger is a Jew turned inside out,” these two peoples have been typecast as reflections of one another, and as substitutes for one another in society’s categorization of the Other.
    [Show full text]
  • Volume 89 Number 1 March 2020 V Olume 89 Number 1 March 2020
    Volume 89 Volume Number 1 March 2020 Volume 89 Number 1 March 2020 Historical Society of the Episcopal Church Benefactors ($500 or more) President Dr. F. W. Gerbracht, Jr. Wantagh, NY Robyn M. Neville, St. Mark’s School, Fort Lauderdale, Florida William H. Gleason Wheat Ridge, CO 1st Vice President The Rev. Dr. Thomas P. Mulvey, Jr. Hingham, MA J. Michael Utzinger, Hampden-Sydney College Mr. Matthew P. Payne Appleton, WI 2nd Vice President The Rev. Dr. Warren C. Platt New York, NY Robert W. Prichard, Virginia Theological Seminary The Rev. Dr. Robert W. Prichard Alexandria, VA Secretary Pamela Cochran, Loyola University Maryland The Rev. Dr. Gardiner H. Shattuck, Jr. Warwick, RI Treasurer Mrs. Susan L. Stonesifer Silver Spring, MD Bob Panfil, Diocese of Virginia Director of Operations Matthew P. Payne, Diocese of Fond du Lac Patrons ($250-$499) [email protected] Mr. Herschel “Vince” Anderson Tempe, AZ Anglican and Episcopal History The Rev. Cn. Robert G. Carroon, PhD Hartford, CT Dr. Mary S. Donovan Highlands Ranch, CO Editor-in-Chief The Rev. Cn. Nancy R. Holland San Diego, CA Edward L. Bond, Natchez, Mississippi The John F. Woolverton Editor of Anglican and Episcopal History Ms. Edna Johnston Richmond, VA [email protected] The Rev. Stephen A. Little Santa Rosa, CA Church Review Editor Richard Mahfood Bay Harbor, FL J. Barrington Bates, Prof. Frederick V. Mills, Sr. La Grange, GA Diocese of Newark [email protected] The Rev. Robert G. Trache Fort Lauderdale, FL Book Review Editor The Rev. Dr. Brian K. Wilbert Cleveland, OH Sheryl A. Kujawa-Holbrook, Claremont School of Theology [email protected] Anglican and Episcopal History (ISSN 0896-8039) is published quarterly (March, June, September, and Sustaining ($100-$499) December) by the Historical Society of the Episcopal Church, PO Box 1301, Appleton, WI 54912-1301 Christopher H.
    [Show full text]
  • The “Doctrine of Discovery” and Terra Nullius: a Catholic Response
    1 The “Doctrine of Discovery” and Terra Nullius: A Catholic Response The following text considers and repudiates illegitimate concepts and principles used by Europeans to justify the seizure of land previously held by Indigenous Peoples and often identified by the terms Doctrine of Discovery and terra nullius. An appendix provides an historical overview of the development of these concepts vis-a-vis Catholic teaching and of their repudiation. The presuppositions behind these concepts also undergirded the deeply regrettable policy of the removal of Indigenous children from their families and cultures in order to place them in residential schools. The text includes commitments which are recommended as a better way of walking together with Indigenous Peoples. Preamble The Truth and Reconciliation process of recent years has helped us to recognize anew the historical abuses perpetrated against Indigenous peoples in our land. We have also listened to and been humbled by courageous testimonies detailing abuse, inhuman treatment, and cultural denigration committed through the residential school system. In this brief note, which is an expression of our determination to collaborate with First Nations, Inuit and Métis in moving forward, and also in part a response to the Calls to Action of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission, we would like to reflect in particular on how land was often seized from its Indigenous inhabitants without their consent or any legal justification. The Canadian Conference of Catholic Bishops (CCCB), the Canadian Catholic Aboriginal Council and other Catholic organizations have been reflecting on the concepts of the Doctrine of Discovery and terra nullius for some time (a more detailed historical analysis is included in the attached Appendix).
    [Show full text]
  • Curriculum Vitae
    September 2020 Andrea Louise Campbell Department of Political Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, MA 02139 [email protected] Academic Positions Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Political Science Arthur and Ruth Sloan Professor of Political Science, 2015 – Faculty Affiliate, Center for Constructive Communication, MIT Media Lab, 2020 – Department head, 2015-19 Professor, 2012 - 2015 Associate Professor, 2005-12; tenured 2008 Alfred Henry and Jean Morrison Hayes Career Development Chair, 2006-09 Harvard University, Department of Government Assistant Professor, 2000-05 Lecturer, 1999-2000 Education Ph.D. University of California, Berkeley, Political Science, December 2000 M.A. University of California, Berkeley, Political Science, June 1994 A.B. Harvard University, Social Studies, magna cum laude, June 1988 Books Trapped in America’s Safety Net: One Family’s Struggle. University of Chicago Press, 2014. Featured in: Harvard Magazine; Washington Post Wonkblog; Vox; TIME Magazine; MIT Technology Review; MIT News; New Books in Political Science podcast; Faculti Media The Delegated Welfare State: Medicare, Markets, and the Governance of American Social Policy, with Kimberly J. Morgan. Oxford University Press, 2011. How Policies Make Citizens: Senior Citizen Activism and the American Welfare State. Princeton University Press, 2003. Paperback edition, 2005. Campbell, p. 2 Textbook We the People: An Introduction to American Politics, with Benjamin Ginsberg, Theodore J. Lowi, Caroline J. Tolbert, and Margaret Weir. W.W. Norton, beginning 12th edition, 2019. Articles “The Social, Political, and Economic Effects of the Affordable Care Act: Introduction to the Issue,” with Lara Shore-Sheppard. RSF: Russell Sage Foundation Journal 6; 2 (June 2020): 1- 40. “The Affordable Care Act and Mass Policy Feedbacks.” Journal of Health Politics, Policy and Law 45; 4 (August 2020): 567-80.
    [Show full text]
  • DEADLYS® FINALISTS ANNOUNCED – VOTING OPENS 18 July 2013 Embargoed 11Am, 18.7.2013
    THE NATIONAL ABORIGINAL & TORRES STRAIT ISLANDER MUSIC, SPORT, ENTERTAINMENT & COMMUNITY AWARDS DEADLYS® FINALISTS ANNOUNCED – VOTING OPENS 18 July 2013 Embargoed 11am, 18.7.2013 BC TV’s gripping, award-winning drama Redfern in the NBA finals, Patrick Mills, are finalists in the Male Sportsperson Now is a multiple finalist across the acting and of the Year category, joining two-time world champion boxer Daniel television categories in the 2013 Deadly Awards, Geale, rugby union’s Kurtley Beale and soccer’s Jade North. with award-winning director Ivan Sen’s Mystery Across the arts, Australia’s best Indigenous dancers, artists and ARoad and Satellite Boy starring the iconic David Gulpilil. writers are well represented. Ali Cobby Eckermann, the SA writer These were some of the big names in television and film who brought us the beautiful story Ruby Moonlight in poetry, announced at the launch of the 2013 Deadlys® today, at SBS is a finalist with her haunting memoir Too Afraid to Cry, which headquarters in Sydney, joining plenty of talent, achievement tells her story as a Stolen Generations’ survivor. Pioneering and contribution across all the award categories. Indigenous award-winning writer Bruce Pascoe is also a finalist with his inspiring story for lower primary-school readers, Fog Male Artist of the Year, which recognises the achievement of a Dox – a story about courage, acceptance and respect. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander musicians, will be a difficult category for voters to decide on given Archie Roach, Dan Sultan, The Deadly Award categories of Health, Education, Employment, Troy Cassar-Daley, Gurrumul and Frank Yamma are nominated.
    [Show full text]
  • Doctrine of Discovery: Questions and Answers
    Doctrine of Discovery: Questions and Answers Q. What is the Doctrine of Discovery? The Doctrine of Discovery is a principle of international law dating from the late 15th century. It has its roots in a papal decree issued by Pope Nicholas V in 1452 that specifically sanctioned and promoted the conquest, colonization, and exploitation of non-Christian territories and peoples. Hundreds of years of decisions and laws continuing right up to our own time can ultimately be traced back to the Doctrine of Discovery—laws that invalidate or ignore the rights, sovereignty, and humanity of indigenous peoples in the United States and around the world. Q. Why does the Doctrine of Discovery still matter when it is over 500 years old? It is still in effect and is written into settled US law since 1823 about a land dispute between two individuals (Under Chief Justice John Marshall). It forms the basis for “Manifest Destiny,” the expansion into Indian lands. It is used to justify legal and forcible takeover of indigenous lands, without just compensation. The Discovery Doctrine is a concept of public international law expounded by the United States Supreme Court in a series of decisions, most notably Johnson v. McIntosh in 1823. In this Supreme Court case, Chief Justice John Marshall's opinion in the unanimous decision held "that the principle of discovery gave European nations an absolute right to New World lands." In essence, American Indians had only a right of occupancy, which could be abolished.” (Source: www.redlakenationnews.com/story/2017/06/15/news/doctrine- of-discovery-repudiated/61672.html) It is used to interpret Indian Treaties in a way that has undermined treaty rights.
    [Show full text]
  • Font Selection
    JJ IIIIII SSSSSS 0000 3333 555555 888 AAAA JJ IIIIII SS SS 0 00 3 3 5 8 8 AAAAAA JJ II SSS 0 0 0 33 55555 888 AA AA JJ JJ II SSS 0 0 0 3 5 8 8 AAAAAA JJJJJJ IIIIII SS SS 00 0 3 3 5 8 8 AAAAAA JJJJ IIIIII SSSSSS 0000 3333 55555 888 AA AA JJ 0000 0000 0000 9999 2222 3333 3333 JJ 0 00 0 00 0 00 9 9 22 22 3 3 3 3 JJ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 99 22 33 33 JJ JJ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 999 9 222 3 3 JJJJJJ 00 0 00 0 00 0 9 22 3 3 3 3 JJJJ 0000 0000 0000 9 222222 3333 3333 * START RMTSCPA SC7054 REPORT ROOM C11A 10.25.22 AM 28 SEP 2020 * * START RMTSCPA SC7054 REPORT ROOM C11A 10.25.22 AM 28 SEP 2020 * * START RMTSCPA SC7054 REPORT ROOM C11A 10.25.22 AM 28 SEP 2020 * * START RMTSCPA SC7054 REPORT ROOM C11A 10.25.22 AM 28 SEP 2020 * * START RMTSCPA SC7054 REPORT ROOM C11A 10.25.22 AM 28 SEP 2020 * * START RMTSCPA SC7054 REPORT ROOM C11A 10.25.22 AM 28 SEP 2020 * * START RMTSCPA SC7054 REPORT ROOM C11A 10.25.22 AM 28 SEP 2020 * * START RMTSCPA SC7054 REPORT ROOM C11A 10.25.22 AM 28 SEP 2020 * * START RMTSCPA SC7054 REPORT ROOM C11A 10.25.22 AM 28 SEP 2020 * *2 J0009233 JIS0358A TPSCPA H111 ACCTNG PR17 JIS0358A J0009233 2* BMIRRPT CITY & COUNTY OF SAN FRANCISCO COURT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM REPORT # 7054 RUN 09/28/20 @ 10:25 PAGE 1 *------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (CC7054.
    [Show full text]
  • Surname Report
    Surname Report Surname Count Male Female Earliest Most recent 63 11 51 1880 1975 (Kahn) 1 0 1 1944 1944 (Reinhart) 1 0 1 1947 1947 A’Deline 1 0 1 Abate 1 0 1 1975 1975 Abraham 6 3 3 1907 1992 Abrahams 1 0 1 1902 1902 Acheson 1 1 0 1961 1961 Achtman 3 1 2 1943 1970 Adams 4 1 3 1913 1984 Adaskin 194 122 72 1750 2014 Adaskina 20 0 20 1902 2007 Adler 3 0 3 1859 1930 Adoskin 1 1 0 1927 1927 Adoskina 1 0 1 1957 1957 Agatstein 7 3 4 1883 1991 Alaha 1 1 0 Albin 3 2 1 1972 2005 Alcavera 1 0 1 1967 1967 Alcorn 1 1 0 Alexander 17 9 8 1891 1938 Alexandrowicz 1 1 0 1865 1865 Alfonso 2 1 1 1968 2002 Allan 1 0 1 1953 1953 Allen 2 1 1 1952 1952 Allerhand 1 0 1 1923 1923 Allina 2 0 2 1886 1891 Alvarado 1 0 1 1947 1947 Alwani 1 0 1 Amiel 1 0 1 1910 1910 Amos 5 2 3 Amselem 3 2 1 1963 1992 Amster 9 8 1 1898 1982 Anderson 4 1 3 1961 2010 Andrykowski 1 1 0 1966 1966 Anhouse 3 2 1 1960 2005 Anil 1 1 0 Anisman 1 0 1 1957 1957 Annetts 1 1 0 Anthony 1 0 1 1966 1966 Antzelevitch 1 0 1 1981 1981 Anzaldua 1 0 1 Arellano 1 0 1 1970 1970 Arenson 1 0 1 1878 1878 Arey 1 1 0 1927 1927 Ariens 3 2 1 1958 1992 Armel 1 1 0 1946 1946 Armour 7 4 3 1907 1990 Arndt 7 6 1 1887 1992 Surname Count Male Female Earliest Most recent Arnstein 1 0 1 1939 1939 Artzi 1 0 1 1970 1970 Ascher 1 0 1 1849 1849 Ashkenas 14 8 6 1918 2020 Asner 1 0 1 1955 1955 Aster 1 1 0 Auerbach 3 3 0 1974 2007 Augenblick 1 1 0 Austin 1 0 1 1856 1856 Averbuch 6 4 2 1940 2004 Bacasmot 1 0 1 1970 1970 Bach 1 0 1 1856 1856 Bachrach 1 0 1 1884 1884 Baer 6 3 3 1875 1923 Baird 3 2 1 1949 1965 Bakatch 1 0 1 1958 1958
    [Show full text]