Guidelines to the Use of Wild Birds in Research
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Content Dental Care
DENTAL Care Content Dental Care 134 How must the professional proceed in order to obtain reimbursement for dental care? 137 Why is the professional/provider asking the client to pay for their service? 138 Reason 1 - The professional/provider refuses to collaborate with Health Canada to receive payment for the services or the professional is unfamiliar with Heath Canada’s reimbursement process. 140 Reason 2 - The client did not indicate their First Nations status to the professional/provider. 141 Reason 3 - Difference in cost between the amount reimbursed by Health Canada and the amount being billed by the professional/provider. 143 Reason 4 - Non-respect for the frequency limits in the client’s file (e.g. not enough time has passed between two treatments). 144 Reason 5 - The dental care being requested is excluded from the program. 145 Frequently Asked Questions DENTAL CARE Since February 2013, preauthorisation for Health Canada’s dental care services is performed by the National Dental Predetermination Centre located in Ottawa. Health Canada’s Dental Care program covers care and services when these are not covered by Quebec’s health insurance plan. Client eligibility is described in the following table. ELIGIBLE CLIENTELE RAMQ NIHB • Children nine years of age or under (ex- • The costs for cleaning, periodontal scaling cludes: cleaning, periodontal scaling and and the application of fluoride and sealants fluoride) for children ages nine years or under • Provincial income security recipients • First Nations members ten years and up (on- and off-reserve) See the Provincial Health Care and • Income security recipients on-reserve Services section The services covered by Health Canada are described in: • The Dental Benefits Guide (appended); • The NIHB information booklet, pages 8 to 14. -
The Phylogenetic Position of Ambiortus: Comparison with Other Mesozoic Birds from Asia1 J
ISSN 00310301, Paleontological Journal, 2013, Vol. 47, No. 11, pp. 1270–1281. © Pleiades Publishing, Ltd., 2013. The Phylogenetic Position of Ambiortus: Comparison with Other Mesozoic Birds from Asia1 J. K. O’Connora and N. V. Zelenkovb aKey Laboratory of Evolution and Systematics, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, 142 Xizhimenwai Dajie, Beijing China 10044 bBorissiak Paleontological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Profsoyuznaya ul. 123, Moscow, 117997 Russia email: [email protected], [email protected] Received August 6, 2012 Abstract—Since the last description of the ornithurine bird Ambiortus dementjevi from Mongolia, a wealth of Early Cretaceous birds have been discovered in China. Here we provide a detailed comparison of the anatomy of Ambiortus relative to other known Early Cretaceous ornithuromorphs from the Chinese Jehol Group and Xiagou Formation. We include new information on Ambiortus from a previously undescribed slab preserving part of the sternum. Ambiortus is superficially similar to Gansus yumenensis from the Aptian Xiagou Forma tion but shares more morphological features with Yixianornis grabaui (Ornithuromorpha: Songlingorni thidae) from the Jiufotang Formation of the Jehol Group. In general, the mosaic pattern of character distri bution among early ornithuromorph taxa does not reveal obvious relationships between taxa. Ambiortus was placed in a large phylogenetic analysis of Mesozoic birds, which confirms morphological observations and places Ambiortus in a polytomy with Yixianornis and Gansus. Keywords: Ornithuromorpha, Ambiortus, osteology, phylogeny, Early Cretaceous, Mongolia DOI: 10.1134/S0031030113110063 1 INTRODUCTION and articulated partial skeleton, preserving several cervi cal and thoracic vertebrae, and parts of the left thoracic Ambiortus dementjevi Kurochkin, 1982 was one of girdle and wing (specimen PIN, nos. -
Species Status Assessment Emperor Penguin (Aptenodytes Fosteri)
SPECIES STATUS ASSESSMENT EMPEROR PENGUIN (APTENODYTES FOSTERI) Emperor penguin chicks being socialized by male parents at Auster Rookery, 2008. Photo Credit: Gary Miller, Australian Antarctic Program. Version 1.0 December 2020 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Ecological Services Program Branch of Delisting and Foreign Species Falls Church, Virginia Acknowledgements: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Penguins are flightless birds that are highly adapted for the marine environment. The emperor penguin (Aptenodytes forsteri) is the tallest and heaviest of all living penguin species. Emperors are near the top of the Southern Ocean’s food chain and primarily consume Antarctic silverfish, Antarctic krill, and squid. They are excellent swimmers and can dive to great depths. The average life span of emperor penguin in the wild is 15 to 20 years. Emperor penguins currently breed at 61 colonies located around Antarctica, with the largest colonies in the Ross Sea and Weddell Sea. The total population size is estimated at approximately 270,000–280,000 breeding pairs or 625,000–650,000 total birds. Emperor penguin depends upon stable fast ice throughout their 8–9 month breeding season to complete the rearing of its single chick. They are the only warm-blooded Antarctic species that breeds during the austral winter and therefore uniquely adapted to its environment. Breeding colonies mainly occur on fast ice, close to the coast or closely offshore, and amongst closely packed grounded icebergs that prevent ice breaking out during the breeding season and provide shelter from the wind. Sea ice extent in the Southern Ocean has undergone considerable inter-annual variability over the last 40 years, although with much greater inter-annual variability in the five sectors than for the Southern Ocean as a whole. -
Longevity in Little Penguins Eudyptula Minor
71 LONGEVITY IN LITTLE PENGUINS EUDYPTULA MINOR PETER DANN1, MELANIE CARRON2, BETTY CHAMBERS2, LYNDA CHAMBERS2, TONY DORNOM2, AUSTIN MCLAUGHLIN2, BARB SHARP2, MARY ELLEN TALMAGE2, RON THODAY2 & SPENCER UNTHANK2 1 Research Group, Phillip Island Nature Park, PO Box 97, Cowes, Phillip Island, Victoria, 3922, Australia ([email protected]) 2 Penguin Study Group, PO Box 97, Cowes, Phillip Island, Victoria, 3922, Australia Received 17 June 2005, accepted 18 November 2005 Little Penguins Eudyptula minor live around the mainland and Four were females, two were males and one was of unknown sex offshore islands of southern Australia and New Zealand (Marchant (Table 1). The oldest of the birds was a male that was banded by the & Higgins 1990). They are the smallest penguin species extant, Penguin Study Group as a chick before fledging on Phillip Island breeding in burrows and coming ashore only after nightfall. Most on 2 January 1976 in a part of the colony known as “the Penguin of their mortality appears to result from processes occurring at sea Parade.” This bird was not recorded again after initial banding (Dann 1992). The average life expectancy of breeding adult birds until it was five years old and was found raising two chicks at the is approximately 6.5 years (Reilly & Cullen 1979, Dann & Cullen Penguin Parade. This individual had a bill depth measurement 12% 1990, Dann et al. 1995); however, some individuals in southeastern less than the mean for male penguins from Phillip Island (Arnould Australia have lived far in excess of the average life expectancy. et al. 2004), but was classified as a male based on the sex of its mates (sexed as females from the presence of cloacal distension Approximately 44 000 birds have been flipper-banded on Phillip following egg-laying or from their bill-depth measurements). -
Guidelines to the Use of Wild Birds in Research
THE ORNITHOLOGICAL COUNCIL Providing Scientific Information about Birds GUIDELINES TO THE USE OF WILD BIRDS IN RESEARCH Special Publication 1997 Edited by Abbot S. Gaunt & Lewis W. Oring Third Edition 2010 Edited by Jeanne M. Fair, Editor-in-Chief Ellen Paul & Jason Jones, Associate Editors GUIDELINES TO THE USE OF WILD BIRDS IN RESEARCH Jeanne M. Fair1, Ellen Paul2, & Jason Jones3, Anne Barrett Clark4, Clara Davie4, Gary Kaiser5 1 Los Alamos National Laboratory, Atmospheric, Climate and Environmental Dynamics, MS J495, Los Alamos, NM 87506 2 Ornithological Council, 1107 17th St., N.W., Suite 250, Washington, D.C. 20036 3 Tetra Tech EC, 133 Federal Street, 6th floor, Boston, Massachusetts 02110 4 Binghamton University State University of New York, Department of Biology, PO BOX 6000 Binghamton, NY 13902-6000 5 402-3255 Glasgow Ave, Victoria, BC V8X 4S4, Canada Copyright 1997, 2010 by THE ORNITHOLOGICAL COUNCIL 1107 17th Street, N.W. Suite 250 Washington, D.C. 20036 http://www.nmnh.si.edu/BIRDNET Suggested citation Fair, J., E. Paul, and J. Jones, Eds. 2010. Guidelines to the Use of Wild Birds in Research. Washington, D.C.: Ornithological Council. Revision date August 2010 2 Dedication The Ornithological Council dedicates this 2010 revision to Lewis W. Oring and the late Abbot (Toby) S. Gaunt, whose commitment to the well-being of the birds for whom ornithologists share a deep and abiding concern has served our profession well for so many years. Toby Gaunt Lew Oring Revision date August 2010 3 Acknowledgments and disclaimer Third edition The Ornithological Council thanks the Office of Laboratory Animal Welfare of the National Institutes of Health for their financial support for the production of this revision. -
NFBB Vol. 21 1946
Issued Quarterly by the Western Bird-Banding Association The Editors Resign New Members: A Bigger and Better W.B.B.A. Banded Gulls Pioneer OI~ithologist - Joseph Mailliard Results from Wildlife Service Files of Banded Robins Band-tailed Pigeons Nest in Colorudo Bandlng Activities with Birds of Prey in 1944 and 1945 Dea.d Owls and Mou.rning Doves Not How Many but How Rare California Blue Grosbeaks at Pomona Annual Report - 1945 Banders Who Reported for the Year 1945 Notes on Colorado Birds Banders at the Mission Nest Parasites Band Records Lost Traps Made Available Co-editors of the ~ President of W.E.B.A --- F. G. Crawford Mary M. Erickson, Santa Barbare'J Calif. 2782 Glen Avenue, Altadena, California Frank M. Erickson, Santa Barbara, Calif. Address all contributions to the ~ to Mrs. M. C. Sargent, P. O. Box 109, La Jolla, California At the request of P~esident F. G. Crawfo~d and with due modesty, the Editors give place to the following statement: "At its January meeting, the councillo!'s of W.E.B.A. extended to me the privilege of voicing their gratitude for the faithful and excellent editorial work that Dr. Mary M. Erickson and Dean Frank M. Erickson have devoted to the ~ for the past five years. It is certain that the entire membership of the Association joins the Council in this appreciution. We deeply regret that the co-editors find it necessary to conclude their editorial duties with this issue. "That the News hus continued to grow in quality is solely due to the efforts of our co-editors. -
Assessment and Conservation of Threatened Bird Species at Laojunshan, Sichuan, China
CLP Report Assessment and conservation of threatened bird species at Laojunshan, Sichuan, China Submitted by Jie Wang Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R.China E-mail:[email protected] To Conservation Leadership Programme, UK Contents 1. Summary 2. Study area 3. Avian fauna and conservation status of threatened bird species 4. Habitat analysis 5. Ecological assessment and community education 6. Outputs 7. Main references 8. Acknowledgements 1. Summary Laojunshan Nature Reserve is located at Yibin city, Sichuan province, south China. It belongs to eastern part of Liangshan mountains and is among the twenty-five hotspots of global biodiversity conservation. The local virgin alpine subtropical deciduous forests are abundant, which are actually rare at the same latitudes and harbor a tremendous diversity of plant and animal species. It is listed as a Global 200 ecoregion (WWF), an Important Bird Area (No. CN205), and an Endemic Bird Area (No. D14) (Stattersfield, et al . 1998). However, as a nature reserve newly built in 1999, it is only county-level and has no financial support from the central government. Especially, it is quite lack of scientific research, for example, the avifauna still remains unexplored except for some observations from bird watchers. Furthermore, the local community is extremely poor and facing modern development pressures, unmanaged human activities might seriously disturb the local ecosystem. We conducted our project from April to June 2007, funded by Conservation Leadership Programme. Two fieldwork strategies were used: “En bloc-Assessment” to produce an avifauna census and ecological assessments; "Special Survey" to assess the conservation status of some threatened endemic bird species. -
ZOOLOGY Exploring the Biodiversity of Colorado and Theworld
CHAPTER 4 — ZOOLOGY Exploring the Biodiversity of Colorado and the World CHAPTER 4 ZOOLOGY Exploring the Biodiversity of Colorado and the World Jeffrey T. Stephenson, Before the Museum Paula E. Cushing, The first collections of specimens that make up what is now the Denver John R. Demboski, and Museum of Nature & Science were actually established well before the Frank-T. Krell founding of the institution in 1900, the selection of a board of trustees, or the construction of a building to house and exhibit the specimens. Edwin Carter (1830–1900) (Fig. 4.1) collected Colorado birds and mammals from the 1860s through the 1890s. Born in New York in 1830, Carter arrived in Colorado in 1859 hoping to make it rich in the goldfields, but he soon became interested in the region’s natural history. He learned hide tanning and, as his prospects for hitting the mother lode faded, he earned his living selling buckskin clothing that he handcrafted. Carter supplemented these earnings by mar- keting foodstuffs and other provisions to the growing population of successful and (mostly) unsuccessful prospectors flooding the region. His interest in nature turned to concern as he observed dwindling numbers of mammals and birds, owing largely to habitat destruction and overhunting. Period photographs of the area’s mining district show a landscape largely denuded of vegetation. By the 1870s, Carter noted that many animal species were becoming scarce. The state’s forests were being devastated, ranches and farms were replacing open prairie, and some species, including the last native bison in Colorado, were on the verge of extirpation or extinction. -
Dear Parents/Carers, F2 Lilac Pink Red Year 1 Yellow Blue Green
Dear Parents/Carers, Over the next few weeks, we will be making changes to the system we use to grade the reading books that the children bring home. All books Lilac will be placed in a colour band and will no longer be given a number or F2 Pink stage. The same system will be used throughout the school, making it Red easier to track the children's progress. Yellow Blue Over the next week or two, we will be assessing each child’s reading level. Year 1 Green In the past, the emphasis has been on decoding skills. However, we will Orange now also be looking at their comprehension, because reading success Turquoise depends not only on being able to read the words but also on their Purple understanding. This also means that children need to use the punctuation Gold to make sense of the text. When we assess the children, we will be Year 2 White analysing their errors to understand what their next steps are. Obviously, this will take some time for us to get to grips with, so we hope that you Year 3 will be understanding while we get round every child. You might feel that Lime your child has ‘gone down a level’. Please be assured that this is not the Year 4 case, because we are also looking at comprehension. Brown Year 5 The colour band system begins with lilac books. These books have no Grey words and will be given to those children who are getting ready to read. Dark Blue Lilac books can be used to teach a child how books work and to encourage Year 6 Burgundy them to tell a story using the pictures. -
Early Birding Book
Early Birding in Dutchess County 1870 - 1950 Before Binoculars to Field Guides by Stan DeOrsey Published on behalf of The Ralph T. Waterman Bird Club, Inc. Poughkeepsie, New York 2016 Copyright © 2016 by Stan DeOrsey All rights reserved First printing July 2016 Digital version June 2018, with minor changes and new pages added at the end. Digital version July 2019, pages added at end. Cover images: Front: - Frank Chapman’s Birds of Eastern North America (1912 ed.) - LS Horton’s post card of his Long-eared Owl photograph (1906). - Rhinebeck Bird Club’s second Year Book with Crosby’s “Birds and Seasons” articles (1916). - Chester Reed’s Bird Guide, Land Birds East of the Rockies (1908 ed.) - 3x binoculars c.1910. Back: 1880 - first bird list for Dutchess County by Winfrid Stearns. 1891 - The Oölogist’s Journal published in Poughkeepsie by Fred Stack. 1900 - specimen tag for Canada Warbler from CC Young collection at Vassar College. 1915 - membership application for Rhinebeck Bird Club. 1921 - Maunsell Crosby’s county bird list from Rhinebeck Bird Club’s last Year Book. 1939 - specimen tag from Vassar Brothers Institute Museum. 1943 - May Census checklist, reading: Raymond Guernsey, Frank L. Gardner, Jr., Ruth Turner & AF [Allen Frost] (James Gardner); May 16, 1943, 3:30am - 9:30pm; Overcast & Cold all day; Thompson Pond, Cruger Island, Mt. Rutson, Vandenburg’s Cove, Poughkeepsie, Lake Walton, Noxon [in LaGrange], Sylvan Lake, Crouse’s Store [in Union Vale], Chestnut Ridge, Brickyard Swamp, Manchester, & Home via Red Oaks Mill. They counted 117 species, James Gardner, Frank’s brother, added 3 more. -
Leiothrichidae Species Tree
Leiothrichidae: Laughingthrushes, part I ?Javan Fulvetta, Alcippe pyrrhoptera Brown Fulvetta, Alcippe brunneicauda Brown-cheeked Fulvetta, Alcippe poioicephala Black-browed Fulvetta, Alcippe grotei Nepal Fulvetta, Alcippe nipalensis David’s Fulvetta, Alcippe davidi Yunnan Fulvetta, Alcippe fratercula Mountain Fulvetta, Alcippe peracensis Huet’s Fulvetta, Alcippe hueti Gray-cheeked Fulvetta, Alcippe morrisonia Striated Laughingthrush, Grammatoptila striata Himalayan Cutia, Cutia nipalensis ?Vietnamese Cutia, Cutia legalleni ?Spiny Babbler, Turdoides nipalensis ?Iraq Babbler, Turdoides altirostris ?Common Babbler, Turdoides caudata ?Afghan Babbler, Turdoides huttoni White-throated Babbler, Turdoides gularis ?Striated Babbler, Turdoides earlei ?Slender-billed Babbler, Turdoides longirostris ?Large Gray Babbler, Turdoides malcolmi ?Arabian Babbler, Turdoides squamiceps ?Fulvous Babbler, Turdoides fulva ?Scaly Chatterer, Turdoides aylmeri ?Rufous Chatterer, Turdoides rubiginosa ?Rufous Babbler, Turdoides subrufa ?Jungle Babbler, Turdoides striata ?Orange-billed Babbler, Turdoides rufescens ?Yellow-billed Babbler, Turdoides affinis Capuchin Babbler, Turdoides atripennis ?White-throated Mountain Babbler, Turdoides gilberti ?Red-collared Babbler, Turdoides rufocinctus Chapin’s Babbler, Turdoides chapini Southern Pied-Babbler, Turdoides bicolor ?Bare-cheeked Babbler, Turdoides gymnogenys ?Northern Pied-Babbler, Turdoides hypoleuca ?Black-faced Babbler, Turdoides melanops ?Black-lored Babbler, Turdoides sharpei ?Dusky Babbler, Turdoides tenebrosa -
Chapter 3. Capture and Marking
CHAPTER 3. CAPTURE AND MARKING A. Overview Scientific studies of birds often require that birds be captured to gather morphometric data and to collect samples for pathological, genetic, and biogeochemical analysis. These data and samples can be used to understand evolutionary relationships, genetics, population structure and dynamics, comparative anatomy and physiology, adaptation, behavior, parasites and diseases, geographic distributions, migration, and the general ecology of wild populations of birds. This knowledge informs us about avian biology and natural history and is necessary to effect science-based conservation and management policies for game and non-game species, endangered species, economically important species, and bird habitat conservation (White and Garrott 1990). Capture is generally necessary to mark birds, which allows scientists to investigate demography, migration/movement patterns, or identify specific individuals after release (Day et al. 1980). Many techniques have been developed to capture and mark birds (Nietfeld et al. 1994; Bub 1995). The assumption that marking does not affect the birds is critical because it is the basis for generalizing the data to unmarked birds (Murray and Fuller 2000). The purpose of this section is not to describe capture and marking techniques, but instead to discuss the effects that different capture and marking techniques have on a bird’s short- and long-term physiological well-being and survival. The more commonly used methods are covered and described briefly, but the focus is on the potential impacts of the method. Thus, even if a particular method is not covered, the researcher is alerted to concerns that may arise and questions to be considered in refining methods so as to reduce impacts.