March 2003 2 Inside This Edition March 2003 Inside This Edition Volume 15 Number 3 Publisher’s Commentary 5 Blue Line Magazine The truth about journalism... 12A-4981 Hwy 7 East Ste 254 and Greek weddings Markham, ON L3R 1N1 Canada Moose Jaw chief inspires excellence 6

Ph: 905 640-3048 Fax: 905 640-7547 Doing it right the first time 9 Moose Jaw Police Service eMail: [email protected] — Publisher — The journey to community policing... 10 Morley S. Lymburner are we there yet? eMail: [email protected] The journey to community policing — General Manager — Collecting digital evidence 12 Mary Lymburner, M.Ed. eMail: [email protected] Police don’t see eye-to-eye on armour 16 — Editor — Blue Line’s cross country survey proves Mark Reesor policies vary dramatically eMail: [email protected] Police career goal helps beat cancer 18 — News Editor — Les Linder VITALITY 19 eMail: [email protected] Quantitative vs. qualitative performance measures — Advertising — Mary Lymburner When even the waiters in local restaurants, Dean Clarke Outlaw Motorcycle Gangs 20 without any prompting, say your police service Bob Murray eMail: [email protected] Cutting the costs of conflict 22 is one of the best in the country, you must be doing something right. In his six years at the — Pre-press Production — The power of the pen and the public’s 23 helm, Moose Jaw Police Service Chief Terry Del Wall right to know Coleman, Blue Line’s featured chief, has turned — Contributing Editors — Ontario Police College Pursuit 24 the force around with common sense strategies. Communication Skills Terry Barker Continuum Chart He asked residents what kind of policing they Police Management James Clark wanted and then made it happen and empow- Tactical Firearms Dave Brown POLICE LEADERSHIP FORUM 25 Technology Tom Rataj Forum educates and inspires ered officers to make decisions. Dave Brown Psychology Dorothy Cotton went to Moose Jaw recently to talk to Coleman Case Law Mike Novakowski BLUE LINE SEMINAR SERIES 26 and profiles the chief and his department. An- Blue Line Magazine is published monthly, September to June, by other long-time Coleman fan, Dr. Dorothy Cot- Blue Line Magazine Incorporated with a mailing address of: Milwaukee police lieutenant retires at 86 27 12A - 4981 Hwy. 7 East, Ste. 254, ton, tells us how he’s gone beyond lip service Markham, Ontario, L3R 1N1. and implemented community policing as an or- Individual magazines are $3.50 each. Subscriptions are $25.00 DEEP BLUE 28 per year or $40.00 for 2 years. (Foreign - $50.00 U.S.) Top ten reasons for mental illness training ganizational strategy. All material submitted for publication becomes the property of Blue The first rule of collecting digital evidence Line Magazine unless other arrangements have been made with the On the million dollar road again 29 publisher prior to publshing. is to first do no harm — it’s easy for first re- The authors, advisors and Publisher accept no liability whatsoever CASE LAW 30 for any injuries to persons or property resulting from the application or sponders to destroy or render it useless if they adoption of any of the procedures, tactics or considerations presented in • Unreasonable search product of arbitrary don’t know exactly what to do. Debra this magazine. Readers are cautioned and advised that articles presented detention herein are edited and supplied for your personal awareness and should • Intent enough for care and control charge Littlejohn Shinder wrote the book (literally) not be used for further action until appropriate advice and guidance is received from a supervisor, Crown Attorney or other person in authority. • Credibly-based probability enough on handling ‘digital crime scenes’ — in an ex- Established in 1988, Blue Line Magazine is an independent for warrant cerpt from Scene of the Cybercrime, she ex- publication designed to inform, entertain, educate and upgrade the skills of those involved in the law enforcement profession. It has no direct plains what to do until the techies arrive. control from a law enforcement agency and its opinions and articles do not New CSA respirator standard 33 necessarily reflect the opinions of any government, police, or law now in effect One thing’s clear from Blue Line’s national enforcement agency. survey of body armour policies — police forces ©2003 - All articles are protected by copyright. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any PERSONAL COMPUTING 34 don’t see eye-to-eye. Some have no policies at means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording When the bits hit the fan or by any information storage or retrieval system without permission. all or leave the decision on whether to wear Internet activity is monitored and use or reposting of material on INCREDIBLE 35 armour up to individual officers; others have the Internet is restricted. very specific rules. News editor Les Linder TECHNOLOGY 36 talked to 15 forces across the country and found Accurate fingerprinting without ink some surprising results. This publication is a private venture and receives no CORRESPONDENCE 37 In other stories, we continue our CISC se- subsidy or grant from any level of government. ries on organized crime, look at the costs of — Affiliations — PRODUCT NEWS 38 cutting conflict and hear how media training International Association of Law Enforcement Planners Calgary receives police funeral coach 39 can help officers deal with the press, which is Canadian Advertising Rates & Data just one of the interesting seminars we have International Police Association The Police Leadership Forum COMING EVENTS 40 planned for the Blue Line Trade Show (April The Canadian Press Newswire 29 & 30). In other regular features, Mike Anti-terrorism operations centre opens 43 Printed in Canada by Janson Printing Service Novakowski has case law and Danette Dooley tells us how a New Brunswick man’s burning ISSN #0847 8538 National Youth Justice Policing Award 44 Canada Post - Canadian Publications Mail desire to be a police officer helped him over- THE BACK OF THE BOOK 46 come cancer. Product Sales Agreement No. 176796 Happiness is a warm, unregistered 4-by-4

March 2003 3

The truth about journalism... and Greek weddings by Morley Lymburner charges laid were in a part doesn’t want cops to know of the city that is a magnet those demographics; all it “I was wondering if you would like to make to the drug trade and attracts wanted them to do is wait for some comments on television about the ques- blacks from the entire re- the punch and react with po- tionable leadership of Chief Julian Fantino.” I gion who are looking for le- litical judiciousness. was taken by surprise and the question, from a gitimate fun and entertain- This same Toronto Po- Toronto television station producer who’d ment. On evenings and lice Service has an ethnic tracked me down at our west coast correspond- weekends, this area swells mix of police officers unpar- ent’s office, went unanswered for several sec- with a racial mix unlike that alleled by any other in onds. in any other part of Toronto. Canada. Their recruiters are “What makes you think his leadership is Expecting it to have the masters at seeking out suit- questionable,” I asked. same ethnic mix as other able candidates that will help “Well you know... the recent complaints of areas would be like suggest- improve an already excellent racial profiling and the drug squad officers un- ing that only six per cent of picture. der investigation. It pretty much points toward the attendees at a Greek I have no idea why a leadership with no control over their offic- wedding are Greek because Julian Fantino ever wanted ers.” that is the number in the to be Toronto chief of police. I felt my blood pressure rising and knew it city. The story was so For some reason he felt com- was time to take a few deep breaths before I flawed that it can only be pelled to take the job but the continued laying waste to his argument. described as preposterous. city doesn’t deserve people Several incidents discussed were issues that Toronto Police had of his calibre. There’s no pre-dated Chief Fantino’s leadership — unfor- made great strides improv- doubt he is determined, loyal tunately it is he who must do the clean-up — ing communication with the and courageous but I cer- but the one issue I found disturbing was the ethnic mix of the commu- tainly do not envy the task ‘racial profiling’ accusation. Over the past sev- nity, despite regulations that that lays ahead of him — one eral years, Toronto has been rocked by gang worked against them. This wasn’t simply win- made all the harder by yellow journalism, mind- warfare like it has never seen before. Almost dow dressing but hard work born from a uni- less journalists and political control freaks. all is due to a city living in an era unprecedented versal police recognition that the best way to So what about that television interview... for the openness of the drug trade and a social deter crime is to know your community and no return calls yet! I never was much good at polarization that simply exacerbates an already seek their support. No easy task in a city that holding my breath. tough situation. In 1989 the job of Toronto police chief was hampered further by a police commissioner with an agenda. She and her board passed a regulation that prohibited the force from keep- ing statistics on crimes by race. There are not enough words to describe how flawed this was on so many levels. It created a crime analyst’s nightmare and a policing tragedy. Couple this with multiple layers of civilian oversight boards watching everything from brutality to discrimi- nation and we have a department bogged down by extreme politics and turmoil. In the midst of this murky duck soup called Toronto is the curse of a newspaper with a con- sistent record of making headlines at the ex- pense of local cops. This paper, believing that statistics should never get in the way of a point of view, conveniently sliced and diced some figures last year to show officers were racially biased. The conclusion was drawn from release information from arrest reports. The story drew very good newspaper sales but questionable conclusions from absolutely questionable statistics. Unable to find suitable numbers across the city, the writers decided to hunt for a location that would fit the story. The three Toronto police divisions selected (out of 17) revealed a release rate for black suspects charged with drug offences only half that of whites. The story continued to play loose and easy with other statistics and at the other end of it, I have a television producer asking me about “questionable leadership.” My response was one of shear logic. The

March 2003 5 Moose Jaw chief inspires excellence by Dave Brown are certainly one measure. Plus, you We have indi- are dealing with a citizen who may vidual and col- have had little contact with the po- lective pride in lice over the years, so what to us our achieve- may be a routine break-and-enter ments, whether may be the most heartbreaking thing large or small— that has happened to them in years,” from the Moose Jaw Police Serv- he says. ice (MJPS) mission statement. “We put a lot of emphasis on When Terry Coleman took doing it right internally,” Coleman over as Moose Jaw police chief in says. Officers treat all calls as im- 1997, the service was stagnant, portant and are told to “do the best demoralized and lacked a sense of job you can. Do it right the first direction due to rapid turnover of time.” previous chiefs. Things were ripe Victim services is another vis- for change and the city had found ible aspect of that response. Offic- the ideal person to take on the chal- ers try to contact every single vic- lenge. Chief Terry Coleman — Contemporary policing at its best. tim, not just those involved with Coleman initiated and devel- major crimes. “We’re fortunate that oped a variety of programs while with the Calgary into decisions. “Any officer on the force can take we are able to do this with the size of our com- Police Service, including the first Canadian Crime an idea to the chief. He’ll work with you on munity. We can reach just about everyone.” Stoppers. He was one of the original investiga- putting together a proposal on what it involves, Every member of the Moose Jaw Police tors in the first dedicated sex crime units in the how much it costs and how we can implement Service is trained on what community policing country, led the Internal Affairs and Citizens Com- it. He has never said, ‘I’ll have to take that to the is all about and the core values of the organiza- plaint units and was the human resources director board’ and then just left it.” tion. Coleman made sure that the mission state- for the 1997 World Police/Fire Games. Moose Jaw really appeals to self-sufficient ment is not only prominently displayed but fre- He was accustomed to making high level officers with initiative, he says — the ones who quently used as an internal reference point. command decisions and achieving consensus don’t just whine about how ‘something should He admits that it is still a work in progress among community partners and his Master’s be done’ but can’t back up their proposals with — “we’re not perfect” — and knows that it takes thesis on ‘Strategic Human Resource Manage- facts. “Sure, it takes work,” he notes, but “when time to build up the trust of your own people. ment in Policing’ was used by other agencies we submit ideas, they might come back with a After consulting with the association, he as a reference. request for more details, and he highlights all changed from promotions based on seniority and One of Coleman’s first tasks was to begin of our spelling mistakes, but when it is finished, written appraisals to competency-based human the strategic planning necessary to take MJPS it is a very professional presentation. It’s hard resource management. This has modernized the into the next century. He immediately began to say no to — and he doesn’t.” way the force hires, transfers and promotes. consultations and work on developing a five-year Coleman tries to ensure everyone has a Coleman doesn’t sit on any of the boards who corporate plan and organizational strategy. stake in any changes. “Everything is imple- make these decisions, explaining that “I trained By 1999 he was ready to bring a five-year mented in ways that people can learn from them to do the job. I trust them to do it.” capital budget to the police board which in- them,” he says. Regular performance appraisals, which fell cluded both technological and physical im- Another early task was to find out what kind into disrepute in the ‘80’s, were revived as pe- provements and a restructuring plan to move of police service the community wanted. Be- riodic assessment tools but aren’t linked to pro- officers away from clerical duties and out on to fore attempting to match their needs, he had to motions or lateral transfers -- a self-assessment the street. find out what they were. Coleman received the for promotion system similar to the RCMP. One of the first things changed was the an- money to complete a community audit and met Moose Jaw’s membership is much younger tiquated radio system, a major source of dis- with residents and more than 80 different com- than when he joined in 1997. The fundamental satisfaction among members; some felt carrier munity agencies that the force now regularly principles of community policing are becom- pigeons would have been an improvement. interacts with. Priorities were set. ing ingrained into the culture and it has become, The force didn’t have a purchasing or Responding to the needs of the client is the as he says, “the way we do business now.” budget manager at the time so, rather than sim- essence of community policing, but Coleman Relations with the association haven’t al- ply buying what he liked, Coleman turned the points out that what is described as ‘community ways been entirely smooth but Coleman works acquisition back to the members, asking them policing’ is really ‘contemporary policing.’ To hard to keep them on a good footing, relying what type of radio system they thought was prove his point, he lists its principles: a focus on heavily on talking things through before go- needed. Not only did the force end up with one the client, consultation and collaboration with ing to grievances. Negotiations are often ini- of the first digitally-trunked radio systems in the community, quality and valued service, con- tiated over morning coffee. When an opportu- Canada, officers also gained valuable experi- tinuous improvement and change and teamwork. nity arises to send officers on labour negotia- ence in researching products, dealing with ven- “Very few officers really understand what tion courses, he sends an equal number of dors and writing requests for proposals. community policing is all about — including members from the executive and association. “In a big agency, you can pull members from many police executive,” says Coleman. “I pre- Coleman is quick to credit the association various departments to work on acquisition fer to call it contemporary policing because com- and the praise is returned. Contract negotiations projects, but we’re too small for that. I needed munity policing just seems to confuse people.” that used to take years are now resolved in a to ask what they wanted in a radio system and However you refer to it, the philosophy matter of months, notes McKenna. also to encourage them to come forward with “drives everything we do,” he says. Not every decision of the chief is popular other ideas in the future,” says Coleman. Responding to the needs of citizens begins on the streets, of course. While most can un- Sgt. Rick McKenna, veteran officer and head with police keeping their own house in order. derstand the reasoning behind Moose Jaw’s ‘no- of the police association, has seen a lot of chiefs “Clearance rates are one example of how we pursuit’ policy, they still worry about not being come and go over the years and likes how strive for quality service. They are not the only able to do their job. On the other hand, they Coleman gives everyone a chance to have input measure of a police force’s efficiency, but they admit that it is hard to beat a radio signal, espe-

March 2003 6 cially with the new digital system in place. tee determining the impact of organized crime initiative for change and convince the execu- Moose Jaw Police have implemented a in Saskatchewan. tive and the city with well-reasoned arguments. number of changes designed to get officers away He’s also a member of the Human Resource Even McKenna says it’s actually fun to come from desks and out into the community. They Management Committee of the Canadian As- to work every day. “Lots of people say, ‘when I use the Versaterm reporting system and every sociation of Chiefs of Police and regularly con- get to be chief, I’ll change this and this and this.’ report is now electronic. It took some work to ducts workshops on succession planning and Now, you don’t need to be chief to do that. Show move away from redundant paper chasing, says management. He worked in partnership with the administration where change needs to be Coleman. “We had to change a few habits around the University of Regina and the Saskatchewan made, put together a package to make your case here… including my own,” he admits. Police College to develop a degree program in and, if it’s that obvious to you things could be Mug shots are digitized and court assists police studies and encourages Moose Jaw of- better, it will be obvious to them too.” and bookings are automated. The force bought ficers to attend the program. Coleman serves as an example of how a one of the first Dictaphone Freedom systems Most importantly, he has revived a strug- chief may be able to do good work, but he also in Canada to record all telephone conversation; gling police force and encouraged members to shows how an exceptional chief can inspire his/ now every officer can bring up a phone call on pursue improvement with the same zeal that he her people to do exceptional work. a desktop PC. Not surprisingly, frivolous com- does. He proudly points to a model of Moose plaints have dropped off substantially. Jaw’s brand new police motorcycle on his desk Dave Brown is a regular Blue Line columnist. He can When Moose Jaw began discussions lead- as an example of how an officer can take the be reached at [email protected]. ing to the acquisition of video cameras for all its cruisers, Coleman merely had to point out the positive experience they all had with the digital telephone recordings. He considers it solely an officer-safety and protection issue. As chief, he has yet to look at a single tape. Next on the list of acquisitions will be mo- bile display terminals, laptops and GPS track- ing systems in every unit. Coleman believes one of the keys to get- ting the proper tools to do the job lies in main- taining a high profile within the community. He regularly lectures in the police studies pro- gram at the University of Regina and serves on many community advisory boards and commit- tees. He chairs the Criminal Intelligence Serv- ice of Saskatchewan and co-chairs the commit-

March 2003 7

Doing it right the first time Moose Jaw Police Service — the pride of their community by Dave Brown The citizens of Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan are justifiably proud of their police service. In fact, it was a waiter who found out that I was in town to profile the local police service and chief, and proudly declared that Moose Jaw has one of the best forces in Canada. (This was a refreshing comment and a welcome change from the usual demand for cash up front that most waiters make after seeing me.) The concept of community policing has been implemented in many different ways across Canada but perhaps the true test of the word ‘community’ is when the citizens actu- ally take pride and ownership in ‘their’ police service. The citizens of this city of 35,000 seem to tell the whole story. A seemingly parking lots and long lineups of want for very little. In addition to a top-notch minor problem or complaint busy cabs at closing time every police force led by Chief Coleman, they boast may appear to be insignificant night. an active casino, a world-famous mineral but perceived by the complain- One police vehicle they springs spa, an attached four-star hotel and some ant as a very real and serious chose not to trot out for display to excellent restaurants. problem. Traffic offences and Blue Line on a cold winter night No less than Al Capone and other mobsters property crimes, for example, are was their shiny new Harley are said to have frequented the city during Pro- two of Moose Jaw resident’s big- Davidson motorcycle. That wasn’t hibition, using an elaborate series of tunnels gest concerns, says Sgt. Rick surprising, especially considering below the streets of the town. (Local officials McKenna. the city could be accused of re- denied their existence for years but the denials “We tend to have a polarized specting its police more than its mo- became difficult to maintain when part of Main population,” he notes, with “a torists — it seems snow is cleared Street collapsed, leaving an unsuspecting mo- unique mix of older citizens and young from city streets only when spring leaps torist planted in a deep hole.) people.” The city is home to a large technical into action – infinitely reliable, if not very quick. As a major rail link to the United States, college that guarantees Moose Jaw’s bar strip Not only is the new 2003 anniversary-edi- Moose Jaw was ideally situated to become a is kept hopping every night of the week. Many tion the first police motorcycle the city’s had in bootlegging hub. The city’s remote location also retirees find Moose Jaw’s size to be an ideal 30 years, it has a serial number of 003, which is made it a good place to escape U.S. police and combination of small-town familiarity and highly coveted. Coleman proudly refers to it as it became something of a gangsters’ resort, with large-town services. an example of how his officers are encouraged regular visitors from the Chicago mob. The police service initiated a traffic safety to come up with their own initiatives and then It didn’t hurt that the entire local police unit to deal with the perception that there were be willing to sell their ideas to the executive. “If force, including Chief Walter Johnson, was in a lot of ‘young kids running around hitting peo- you keep turning down people with new ideas, cahoots with the bootleggers. Local historians ple’ and concentrated on solving as many break- they stop coming up with them,” he observes. say Johnson ran Moose Jaw like a personal and-enters as possible. Street officers are re- Reaching the community doesn’t end with fiefdom for 20 years, and even the mayor dared lied upon to handle a case from investigation traffic and parades. Programs begin with school not interfere. The tunnels were used for gam- to solution. resource officers who spend a lot of time posi- bling, prostitution and warehousing illegal “We want officers who can solve B&E tively interacting with students. The service has booze. One tunnel is said to have gone right complaints, not just take reports like insurance also implemented both a ‘citizen police acad- under the CPR station and opened into a shed adjusters,” says McKenna. “Everyone has seen emy’ and ‘Kids & Cops’ program, which offer in the rail yards, making it possible to load and CSI on TV, but we have to explain how things a behind-the-scenes look at police work. A unload rail cars without being seen by un- are a little different in the real world. I think school safety patrol member from each district friendly eyes. we tend to be a lot more team-oriented than is selected once a month and taken out to play Things have changed a lot since the wild, other centres and we want everyone to care laser tag or miniature golf. The sign-up sheets frontier town days of the 1930s. With a book about what our perception is as a police serv- for these community initiative programs fill up strength of 58 officers plus another 20 support ice.” He notes that his officers also tend to go a quickly, reports Sgt. McKenna, who warns peo- staff and 20 volunteers, Moose Jaw Police has little beyond the call of duty; “find a finger- ple that “you better get your name in early.” an interesting mix of experience and youth. It print and you’re a hero. Match a print to a bad Even the Cops for Cancer program has a has two deputy chiefs, two staff sergeants, five guy and they’ll love you for life.” Moose Jaw twist; citizens bid on a chance to sergeants and eight corporals, a rank other agen- They also know that property crimes are shave the head of an officer and the sale is con- cies have done away with. Not Chief Coleman symptomatic of a larger drug problem. Residents ducted by an officer who’s also a trained auc- though - he sought to increase the number of may not make the connection but police certainly tioneer. The event is kept very fun and light- corporals and says they’re actively used “to give do. The team approach to policing means that hearted, despite the serious cause. officers experience in supervision and to act as intelligence gained by street officers is shared While Moose Jaw Police deal with the a pool of talent for the sergeants rank.” quickly with colleagues and supervisors. crimes and complaints experienced by any other Every officer reflects the traditional man- To maintain the peace, especially after older city of comparable size, the care and teamwork agement adage that if you set the bar high citizens have gone to bed and the younger ones shown by officers is not always evident else- enough, the best will rise to meet the challenge. are only just getting up, they rely on a very vis- where. Not only does the city have one of the That a waiter, with probably little police con- ible presence on the street. A mix of marked most unusual tourist attractions this side of a tact outside of the odd coffee break, would be Ford and Chevrolet cruisers are used, and shift Florida interstate, they also have a police serv- so proud of them is a reflection on the impor- supervisors spend as much time on the streets ice its citizens can be proud of. tance the service places on maintaining posi- as possible, usually in the new Expedition. It’s tive contact with the community. amazing how parking several cruisers in front Dave Brown is a regular Blue Line columnist. He can The force understands that crime stats don’t of the loudest bars in town can lead to empty be reached by eMail at: [email protected].

March 2003 9 The journey to community policing... are we there yet? Chief Coleman’s cross Canada survey shows some revealing insights by Dr. Dorothy Cotton the HR function — and in 21 of these 27 serv- Ph. D., C. Psych. ices, the officer in charge had no specific HR Canadian policing has been undergoing a credentials. In case you think that’s because fundamental shift since the 1970s, moving from many services are too small to afford a civilian traditional policing to the contemporary or HR specialist, it’s worth pointing out the sur- ‘community policing’ model. vey found absolutely no relationship; some of It’s a rare police service nowadays that the largest services used untrained officers and doesn’t endorse the principles of community some of the smallest (under 50 sworn mem- policing, at least in the abstract — but exactly bers) used trained civilians. how far down this road have we come and to Destination, route, mode of transportation, what extent is the journey complete? Have most monitoring progress — all key aspects of the police services in Canada been able to success- move to community policing, but everyone fully implement the basic tenets of community who’s ever taken a family trip knows that policing? there’s one more consideration here — and For the answers, talk that’s the fighting and criticism coming from to Chief Terry Coleman of the back seat of the car. There’s no doubt that the Moose Jaw Police to be linked to the destination or the organiza- if anything goes amok in the journey, you’ll Service. He’s got data, one tional strategy. Unfortunately, only 58 per cent hear about it. How do you keep the troops of the essential prerequi- of police services in Coleman’s survey had both happy, in line, moving in the right direction sites for both initiating and an organizational strategy and a human re- and committed to the trip? measuring change. His re- sources strategy linked to it. The kind of dis- It’s the frontline officer who is empowered, cent masters degree thesis connect found in the other 42 per cent can re- developed and given responsibility under a took a good look at the is- sult in decisions like opting to take a boat from community-policing model. If you want them to embrace and act consistently with it, then Chief Terry Coleman sue and seems to indicate Moose Jaw to Kingston. There’s nothing inher- that although we’re mak- ently wrong with boats or travelling to King- performance evaluations, rewards and promo- ing good time, we still have quite a ways to go. ston — it’s just that you can’t get there from tions must be consistent with the organizational Switching to community policing means Moose Jaw by water. strategy. That means the traditional practice of changing cultures and, as with any culture It’s a bit odd when you think about it. Po- rewarding those who hang around long enough change, it’s necessary to come up with a com- lice officers are retiring at an unprecedented rate and don’t cause too much trouble may not be prehensive organizational strategy which re- these days. While this degree of turnover rep- the route to go. Only three of the 48 services flects this commitment. Obvious as this first resents a loss of much knowledge and organi- surveyed reported having salary arrangements step in the process may seem, only 19 per cent zational history, it also presents a prime oppor- based on performance and more than half didn’t of the 48 police services Coleman surveyed — tunity for change. Police services have ‘closed have reward or recognition systems that focused they range in size from under 50 to over 3,000 personnel’ systems; that is, all positions and on performance. members — identified community policing as ranks are filled, with rare exceptions, from those So there are gaps; the organizational and an organizational strategy; a sobering statistic. hired as recruit constables. Therefore, what bet- supporting human resource strategies that nec- That’s not to say that there’s not a stated com- ter way to change an organization than to have essarily drive a move to community policing mitment to community policing in general; over the chance to select new members who repre- are not as evident and widespread as would be 90 per cent of the services described themselves sent the values and ideals inherent in the new ideal. As Coleman notes: as community policing agencies. culture? For a culture change to occur in which What does that mean? Have we really gone There’s a but though, and it’s a big one — ‘community policing’ is both successful and beyond lip service? The good news is that a you have to be able to identify and quantify sustained, it is the philosophy of community majority of police leaders do identify commu- those characteristics. The best way to do so is policing that must be operationalized (imple- nity policing as at least a philosophy rather by employing behavioural competencies in hir- mented) as an organizational strategy, impact- than an add-on program — but Coleman would ing and promoting, though that, by itself, isn’t ing all strategies of the organization, includ- argue the failure to implement such a philoso- enough. They also have to reflect and be con- ing human resources. phy into a formal organizational strategy gruent with the organizational strategy. The absence in some police services… of means that change is unlikely to occur. Just Although some 60 per cent of services sur- any linkage between staffing processes, per- thinking about it and mouthing the words does veyed reported using behavioural competencies formance measurement, learning and reward not change a culture. in hiring and promotion, only about 10 per cent systems with the organizational strategy… also Indeed, if you look a little further into the of these derived their competencies from the suggests a failure to appreciate the necessity structures that might support a fundamental mission, vision and values of the police serv- of having a clear human resource strategy… culture change, you find some pretty glaring ice. So much for change. If you hire the same Additionally, the absence in many police gaps. Getting from traditional to community people you always hired and promote the same services of outcome-focused measurement sys- policing is like taking a trip and having a phi- kind of people you always promoted, you’re tems and systems to encourage and support losophy akin to knowing what your destina- likely to get — PRESTO!! — the same kind of innovation, creativity and continuous improve- tion is. The organizational strategy is the route. police service you always had. ment does not bode well for a culture change There are a variety of ways you can get from, What do the people you are serving think to contemporary policing. say, Moose Jaw to Kingston. First you have to about what you’re doing? You don’t know if Ultimately, high quality service will be de- decide that you really want to go (the philoso- you don’t ask — and only 54 per cent of the livered when police services are staffed with phy), then figure out how to get there (the or- surveyed services are asking. In the same vein, high quality people within whom the philoso- ganizational strategy). Even if you get as far only 56 per cent ask their employees how they phy and strategies of contemporary policing are as determining the route, you have to find a feel about things. firmly embedded and readily apparent. way to get there (plane, train, boat, carrier pi- Putting all these structures and human re- Are we there yet? Not exactly, but there is geon) and figure out if you are making good source activities into place isn’t a simple pro- no doubt that the trip has begun. time (mile markers). cedure though. Indeed, who has the skills? What In the world of organizational culture we’re talking about here isn’t exactly the pur- Dr. Dorothy Cotton is a regular contributing editor of change, the mode of transportation is the stra- view of your average police officer, yet that’s Deep Blue in Blue Line Magazine. She can be reached tegic human resources plan. Logically, it needs who 27 of the 48 services surveyed had doing at [email protected].

March 2003 10 OTTAWA — An Ontario Superior Court ruled to make savings because it will have to operate in January against Ottawa’s plan to allow mari- with the same budget as in 2002,” Mayor juana to be used by some people to ease the Jacques Martin was quoted as saying. pain of chronic diseases. The court says the The mayor said the union will help it find rules are unconstitutional because the exemp- ways to cut another $75,000 from the force’s tion covers a certain number of people, mean- expenses. ing other more deserving people might be left *** out, adding that the rules violate the constitu- tional right to security of the person. TORONTO — As the political debate over the The court is giving the federal government federal government’s controversial gun regis- six months to fix the regulations, after which try continues to rage, Canadian cops on the beat time they will be no longer valid. say they are divided over whether the new sys- tem will help them fight crime. *** Many officers who’ve been discussing the WINNIPEG — Ralph (Junior) Moar, a former issue over their daily coffee believe the regis- Canadian amateur middleweight champion try is already a bust. serving prison time for shooting a teenager in “It just seems like it’s been an exercise in the head, and Peter (House of Pain) O’Kane, a futility. We already have legislation in place detective with the Winnipeg police gang unit, to deal with legitimate gun owners,” Edmon- share a passion for boxing but live on opposite ton police Sgt. Patrick Tracy was quoted as sides of the law. The two were scheduled to saying of the system, which became opera- fight last year before their bout was called off tional on Jan. 1. by police management. Originally projected to cost about $2 mil- Moar and O’Kane met again briefly in lion, the federal auditor has said the price tag January at Stony Mountain Institution, where for registering Canada’s eight million guns is Moar is doing a four-year stint. Officers laid on track to balloon to $1 billion by 2005. five firearms charges against Moar, 24, a mem- “Most of us in our office certainly feel that ber of the Zig Zag Crew, a gang known as foot the gun registry has been a colossal waste of soldiers for the Hells Angels. Several other men, time and money,” said one Toronto detective all Hells Angels associates, have been charged who spoke on the condition of anonymity. He with similar offences. said the money would have been better spent Last year, O’Kane and Moar were set to fighting gun smuggling. fight one another at Fort Garry Place, but Increasing costs have prompted the Ontario O’Kane’s boss pulled the plug on the bout, cit- Provincial Police Association, which supports the ing a conflict of interest. At the time, Moar was registry, to plan a review of its position. Toronto awaiting sentencing for the shooting. The youth, Police Chief Julian Fantino has decried the sys- who was wounded behind the ear, made a full tem as a waste of cash. However, the Canadian recovery. Association of Chiefs of Police endorses it. *** The registry will allow guns to be traced in STEINBACH — RCMP in Manitoba are be- much the same way cars are, an association ing trained to use tasers. The weapon sends 50 spokesman said. For example, if police stopped thousand watts of electricity through a person’s a car with a shotgun in the back seat, the registry body. It has a six-and-a-half metre range and would allow officers to immediately determine does not cause permanent injury. All detach- if the weapon had been stolen. Alternatively, if ments in the province are being provided with police came upon a cache of stolen property and tasers at a total cost of 42-thousand dollars. found a firearm, they would be able to trace it and determine when it was taken and whether it *** might have been used in other crimes. EDMUNDSTON — The City of Edmundston Some officers agree that the registry will and its police officers’ union came to an agree- be a useful tool in their investigative arsenal. ment in January that will see the number of offic- Corp. Murray Mashford, with the Saanich force ers temporarily laid off reduced from 11 to five. in British Columbia, said the registry will help The agreement will see the union withdraw his colleagues respond more safely to poten- a grievance to the province’s Labour and Em- tially dangerous situations. ployment Board that contended the temporary “When we are dispatched to a domestic vio- layoffs are an “unfair labour practice.” lence situation ... it’s nice for the members on The union will also refrain from filing any the road to know if there are guns registered to grievances over the notice of layoffs and sched- the occupants of the house,” Mashford was uling issues related to the layoffs. Faced with quoted as saying. a budget shortfall of about $1 million, the city He said he doesn’t see the harm in having announced in November it would temporarily everybody register the weapons they own. The lay off the 11 officers. The city had hoped to majority of police officers with this department save more than $150,000 by placing the 11 of- would agree with that, Mashford said. ficers on the callback list. Laying off five of- Other officers dismiss such scenarios. ficers for the first three months of the year will “The criminal is going to be behind the door only yield a saving of $75,000. with (guns) that mostly, as far as we’re con- “Because of the reduction in the number of cerned, aren’t going to be registered. (The regis- police officers being placed on callback, the tered) guns aren’t the ones that we have to be police force is going to have to find new ways concerned about,” Tracy was quoted as saying.

March 2003 11 Collecting digital evidence by Debra Littlejohn Shinder ten notes and logs related to the operation of the computers. This includes printers, scan- A network administrator will often be the ners and all storage media: diskettes, optical first person to become aware of a cybercrime discs (CDs, DVDs and so on), tapes, Zip or in a corporate setting and the IT incident re- Jaz and other removable disks and any extra sponse team (if the company has one) will take hard disks that might be lying around. the initial steps to stop the crime in progress • Maintaining integrity of the evidence - Inves- and freeze the crime scene before law enforce- tigators should continue to protect the evidence ment personnel take over. as preparations are made to preserve volatile Even after the police are called in, the proc- evidence, duplicate the disks and properly shut ess of collecting digital evidence usually in- down the system. The investigator should over- volves several people: the first responders (of- see the actions of the crime scene technicians ficers or official security personnel who arrive and convey any special considerations that first at the crime scene), the investigator or in- should be taken based on the nature of case vestigative team and the crime scene techni- and knowledge of the suspect(s). cians and specialists who are called out to proc- ess the evidence. Crime scene technicians’ role It is important that one person be designated Crime scene technicians responding to a in charge of the scene who has the authority to cybercrime case should, if at all possible, be make final decisions as to how the scene will specifically trained in computer forensics. Com- be secured, how the search will be conducted puter forensics specialists must have a strong and how the evidence will be handled. This is background in computer technology with an un- usually the role of the senior investigator. It is and wait for the investigator in charge of the derstanding of how disks are structured, how equally important that each member of this team case to determine what equipment, if any, will file systems work and how and where data is understand his or her role and adhere to it. The be excluded. recorded. Generally, crime scene technicians ability of the team to work together is essential • Preserving temporary and fragile evidence - will be responsible for the following tasks (al- to the successful collection of evidence. In the case of evidence that could disappear though these may overlap with those of the in- before investigators arrive (such as informa- vestigators): First responders tion that is on the monitor and changing), first • Preserving volatile evidence and duplicating First responders should follow the same edict responders should take any possible steps to disks - Volatile data is that which is in the to which aspiring physicians swear when they preserve or record it. If a camera is available, computer’s memory and consists of processes take the Hippocratic oath: First, do no harm. photos of the screen will preserve a record of that are running. Disks should be duplicated Unless specifically trained in computer foren- what was there. If no camera is available, of- prior to shutdown, in case the system is rigged sics, people who are first on the scene should ficers should take detailed notes and be pre- to wipe the disks on startup. not attempt to do anything with or to the com- pared to testify in court as to what they saw. • Shutting down the systems for transport - puters other than protect them from tampering Proper shutdown is important to maintain the or damage. It is very easy for technically astute Investigators’ role integrity of the original evidence. One school criminals to plant Trojan horses or otherwise ‘rig’ The IT incident response team might have of thought says the computer should be shut their computers to automatically destroy evi- already begun to collect evidence in some cases. down through the standard method (closing dence when shut down or restarted by anyone If so, the best practice is to have one person all programs and so on) to avoid corrupting other than themselves. The first responder should from the IT team coordinate the hand-over (and files. Another says that after ensuring that no not attempt to shut down or unplug the compu- explanation, if necessary) of that evidence with defragmentation or diskchecking program is ter or access it to look for evidence. one person from the police investigative team. running, you should shut down the computer The first responder should be concerned The investigator (or the investigative team) is by disconnecting the power cord, to prevent with the following tasks: generally responsible for coordinating the ac- running of self-destruct programs that are set • Identifying the crime scene - Officers who tivities of all others at the scene and will be to run on shutdown. UNIX computers usu- arrive first at the scene should identify the responsible for the following: ally should not be abruptly shut down this scope of the crime scene and establish a pe- • Establishing the chain of command - The in- way while the root user is logged on because rimeter. This might include only one area of vestigator in charge of the scene should en- doing so can damage data. Some forensics a room or it might include several rooms or sure that everyone else is aware of the chain experts recommend that the technician change even multiple buildings if the suspect is work- of command and that important decisions are accounts using the su command or, if the root ing with a complex setup of networked com- filtered through him or her. Computers and password is available, that the sync;sync;halt puters. First responders can begin compiling related equipment should not be accessed, command be used before powering off. a list of systems that might have been in- moved or removed without explicit instruc- If the system is turned off, the investigative volved in the criminal incident and from tions from the senior investigator. The inves- team generally should seize the computer and which evidence will be collected. tigators shape and control the investigation. boot it in a controlled environment. When you • Protecting the crime scene - In a cybercrime If the investigator in charge has to leave the do bring the system up, you should not boot from case where digital evidence is sought, all com- scene, he or she should designate a person the computer’s hard disk but instead boot from puter systems—including those that appear remaining on the scene to be in charge of the a controlled boot disk to prevent the operating to be powered off or nonfunctional—should scene and stay in close contact with that per- system from writing to the hard disk, so that cru- be considered part of the crime scene, as son until all evidence has been collected and cial data won’t be overwritten. Then you can should laptop, notebook and other portable moved to secure storage. create a bitstream image of the hard disk. computers (including handheld computers • Conducting the crime scene search - An in- • Tagging and logging the evidence - All evi- and PDAs). The items subject to seizure may vestigator should direct the search of the dence should be tagged and/or marked with be limited by the wording of the applicable crime scene, which may be carried out by in- the initials of the officer or technician, time search warrant, but first responders should vestigators or by other officers. If the search and date collected, case number and identi- cordon off and protect as much of the com- warrant allows, officers should look for all fying information. The evidence on the tag puter and electronic equipment as possible computer hardware, software, manuals, writ- or mark should also be entered in the evi-

March 2003 12 dence log. the data displayed there at the time of sei- • Packaging the evidence - Computer evidence, zure. Be aware that more than one monitor especially any containing exposed circuit can be connected to a single computer; mod- boards (such as hard disks), should be placed ern operating systems such as Windows in antistatic bags for transport. Paper docu- 2000/XP support spreading the display across mentation such as manuals and books should as many as 10 monitors. Monitors attached be placed in plastic bags or otherwise pro- to the computer but turned off could still be tected from damage. displaying parts of the desktop and open ap- • Transporting the evidence - All evidence plications. should be transported as directly as possible 2. Take steps to preserve volatile data. to the secure evidence storage locker or room. 3. Make an image of the disk(s) to work with During transport, the evidence should not be so that the integrity of the original can be allowed to come into contact with any equip- preserved. This step should be taken before ment that generates a magnetic field (includ- the system is shut down, in case the owner ing police radios and other electronic equip- has installed a self-destruct program to acti- ment in the squad car) nor left in the sun or in vate on shutdown or startup. a vehicle or other place where the tempera- 4. Check the integrity of the image to confirm ture rises above about 75 degrees Fahrenheit. that it is an exact duplicate, using a cyclic The chain of custody must be meticulously redundancy checker or other program that maintained during transport. uses a checksum or hashing algorithm to • Processing the evidence - When the duplicate verify that the image is accurate and reliable. disk is brought back to the lab, the disk image 5. Shut down the system safely according to can be reconstructed and the data analyzed the procedures for the operating system that using special forensics software tools. is running. 6. Photograph the system setup before moving Computer seizure checklist anything, including back and front of the Every case is different, but some general computer showing cables and wires attached. guidelines should be followed when computer 7. Unplug the system and all peripherals, mark- equipment is seized as evidence in a criminal case. ing/tagging each piece as it is collected. Following these procedures will help protect the 8. Use an antistatic wrist strap or other legal integrity of the evidence and, equally im- grounding method before handling portant, will help prevent loss of essential evi- equipment, especially circuit cards, disks, dence. These procedures assume that the compu- and other similar items. ter is turned on when you encounter it. 9. Place circuit cards, disks and the like in anti- 1.Photograph the monitor screen(s) to capture static bags for transport. Keep all equipment

March 2003 13 away from heat sources and magnetic fields. evidence could be limited to a few data files that can be copied individually rather than creating a Preserving digital evidence copy of the entire disk. In the following sections, Digital evidence is, by its nature, fragile. we discuss both disk-imaging and filecopying Peel Region Chief Noel Some data is volatile—that is, it is transient in Catney has expressed techniques. We also look at the importance of concerns about a flood of nature and, unlike data stored on disk, will be ensuring the integrity of disks used for imaging cheap illegal guns in lost when the computer is shut down. Data on or copying and we consider environmental Canada. Catney says the a computer disk can be easily damaged, de- factors that can affect the integrity of evidence, import and trafficking of stroyed, or changed either deliberately or acci- as well as preservation concerns related to firearms is just as much as a dentally. The first step in handling such digital specific types of storage media. problem for them as evidence is to protect it from any sort of ma- investigating illegal drugs nipulation or accident. The best way to do this Preserving volatile data and the cost of guns on the streets has declined drastically over the years. Toronto Police Inspector is to immediately make a complete bitstream The data that is held in temporary storage Rick Gauthier says about one-thousand crime guns image of the media on which the evidence is in the system’s memory (including random ac- were seized last year in the city. stored. cess memory, cache memory and the onboard A bitstream image is a copy that records memory of system peripherals such as the video Former Calgary police officer Shon Marsh is suing every data bit that was recorded to the original card or NIC) is called volatile data because the Calgary Police Chief Jack Beaton, saying he was storage device, including all hidden files, temp memory is dependent on electric power to hold forced to quit his job after less than two years files, corrupted files, file fragments and erased its contents. When the system is powered off because of what he calls racist and tyrannical or if power is disrupted, the data disappears. treatment from his superiors. Marsh was one of the files that have not yet been overwritten. In other first officers hired from other police departments words, every binary digit is duplicated exactly According to the IEEE Internet draft titled around the country in 1998 in the Calgary Police onto the copy media. Bitstream copies (some- Guidelines for Evidence Collection and Archiv- Service’s lateral-entry program, which was aimed times called bitstream backups) use CRC com- ing, the most volatile evidence should be col- at recruiting seasoned officers. Marsh, who is Metis, putations to validate that the copy is the same lected first. This makes sense because the most alleges he was singled out by supervisors bent on as the original source data. For more informa- volatile evidence is the most likely to disap- getting him to leave the force because they didn’t tion, see Bit Stream Backup - defined pear before it can be documented or collected. agree with the lateral-entry program. (www.forensics-intl.com/def2.html). The draft lists the ‘order of volatility’ as: 1. Registers and cache William Leonard Ostler, who became a B.C. The ‘mirror image’ should be an exact provincial court judge without attending a day of law duplicate of the original and the original should 2. Routing tables, ARP cache, process tables school, died at age 87 on Dec. 31 in Victoria, BC. then be stored in a safe place where its integrity and kernel statistics Ostler was one of the last lay judges in Canada, can be maintained. The copy is made via a 3. Contents of system memory died Dec. 31 in Victoria. Ostler served 25 years as process called disk imaging. In some cases, 4. Temporary file systems a provincial court judge, or the position’s equivalent. 5. Data on disk His success on the bench was such that the Collecting volatile data presents a problem University of Victoria conferred an honorary doctor Mounties use because doing so changes the state of the sys- of laws degree on him in 1986. tem (and the contents of the memory itself). Ostler educated himself in the law to a degree trucks & bugs to that impressed colleagues and those who appeared Some experts recommend that investigators or before him. nab speeders crime scene technicians capture such data as running processes, the network status and con- RCMP in Alberta are planning to Toronto Police Chief Julian Fantino wants Ottawa nections and a ‘dump’ of the data in RAM, to toughen the penalties for crimes involving use more civilian vehicles for documenting each task or command they run firearms. Fantino says anyone who uses a gun to highway radar traps. RCMP to do so. Some of this work can be done by commit a crime should face a mandatory sentence say it will make it easier to running such commands as netstat (on both of at least 10 years in prison. He is also calling for catch the reckless, impaired Windows and UNIX systems) and nbtstat (on the creation of a task force to halt the flow of illegal and unbelted drivers most at firearms into Ontario. He would also like the federal Windows only) to view current network con- risk of dying or killing oth- government to suspend the gun registry program. nections. Fantino says it was no help in tracking down the ers. The arp command will tell you what ad- “One of the things that we have talked people responsible for the 28 shooting deaths in dresses are in the ARP cache (and thus have Toronto last year. about is a non-traditional type of unmarked recently connected to the system). The dd com- car - pick-up truck, minivan, Volkswagen mand can be used to create a snapshot of the Former RCMP officer Jocelyn Hotte is appealing Beetle,” Staff Sgt. Steve MacDonald, traf- contents of memory on UNIX machines and his conviction on a first-degree murder charge in fic co-ordinator for RCMP’s K-Division in the ps command can be used to view the cur- the shooting death of his ex-girlfriend. A jury Edmonton, was quoted as saying. convicted Hotte in December of killing Lucie Gelinas rently running processes. On NT/2000 ma- as she drove her car on a Montreal-area highway in Ontario Provincial Police used covert ve- chines, the downloadable pslist utility can be hicles to target careless drivers on busy High- June 2001. Hotte, who helped guard Prime Minister used to list running processes, or they can be Jean Chretien when he was in Quebec, also was way 401 in a pilot project with “outstand- viewed in Task Manager. found guilty of three counts of attempted murder. ing” results, MacDonald said. The new tac- Other commands such as ipconfig (Win- tic is part of a sweeping change in how RCMP dows) or ifconfig (UNIX) can be used to gather Cst. Martin Cardinal has been convicted of assault will enforce traffic on highways. information about the state of the network. after using unnecessary force when he slammed Traffic units have been analysing colli- These programs should be run from a special an intoxicated woman’s face into the trunk of a police cruiser, a judge said in January. The convincing sion statistics for more than two years to forensics CD that you bring with you (instead identify the deadliest driving habit in each piece of evidence was a videotape shot by a of running the same commands from the hard neighbourhood resident that caught the 12-second region and the appropriate tactics to curb disk of the suspect computer) and should not incident involving the Ottawa police officer. Cardinal them. One result is an admission that RCMP require any programs or libraries from the com- is to be sentenced March 28. have paid too much attention to speeders and puter’s hard disk to run. not enough to other motorists breaking the Commemorative medals for the Queen’s Jubilee law. This article is excerpted from Scene of the Cybercrime: have been awarded to Correctional Service of On the main highway between Edmon- Computer Forensics Handbook (Syngress Media) by Canada staff across the country. A complete list of Canadian Jubilee medal recipients is available for ton and Calgary, for instance, the biggest Debra Littlejohn Shinder, a former police sergeant and viewing on the Governor General’s web site complaints are aggressive and careless driv- academy instructor turned IT professional. She can be (www.gg.ca). ers, MacDonald said. reached at [email protected].

March 2003 14 Delays in Ontario court system shakes public confidence The increasing delay be- “Such cases carry with them additional ad- future to exercise their legal rights. With this tween an arrest and a ver- ministrative and judicial involvement to en- legislation in place, they won’t,” Young was dict in the province’s courts sure fairness and a timely resolution,” quoted as saying. is shaking public confi- McMurtry was quoted as saying. He added Young also said recent legislation creating dence in the legal system, there is also a growing number of people in provincially appointed public defenders will Ontario’s top judge said in the civil justice system who aren’t represented. strengthen the Legal Aid system and ensure that January. David Young, Ontario’s attorney general, fewer accused are unable to find lawyers. Speaking at the annual opening of the said access to civil justice was the motivation Heather Smith, chief justice of Ontario’s province’s courts, Chief Justice Roy behind legislative changes last month to al- Superior Court, called for the appointment McMurtry said the Charter of Rights has cre- low contingency-fee agreements by which of more judges, and warned against further ated a more complex legal environment and lawyers are paid only if their clients win. expansion of the province’s family court sys- led to alarming delays. “Middle and lower income Ontarians tem unless adequate resources are put in place “There are excessive delays between arrest should not have to mortgage their family’s beforehand. and the conclusion of the trial let alone dispo- sition of any appeal. (It is) a matter of extreme concern,” McMurtry was quoted as saying. McMurtry said the delays affect “the in- tegrity of the justice system” as well as public confidence in it. So far, he noted, Ottawa has failed to act on a resolution by the Canadian Judicial Council to study the causes. He said the increasing number of people charged with criminal offences who appear before the courts without lawyers is another major concern. A Canadian car stolen every three minutes On average, car thieves stole an auto every three minutes during 2001, Statistics Canada reported in January. There were just over 170,000 stolen ve- hicles reported to police that year, an aver- age of about 470 a day. That amounted to a five per cent increase over 2000, an up- turn after four years of decline. The Canadian rate of car theft was 26 per cent higher than that of the United States. This costs Canadians about $1 billion a year, the Insurance Bureau of Canada said. The losses include 600 million in insurance premiums and $400 million in health care, police, court and corrections costs. Some regions were more vulnerable than others. Between 1991 and 2001, theft rates doubled in London and Hamilton, tripled in Regina and more than quadrupled in Winnipeg. Manitoba’s theft rate was twice the na- tional average and the highest among the provinces. The lowest rates were recorded in the Atlantic provinces. In Regina, there were 1,996 thefts for every 100,000 people in the population. In St. John’s, the rate was 183 per 100,000. About one-quarter of the vehicles were never recovered and the sta- tistics agency said that suggests these thefts were connected to organized crime rings. In the 1980s, police solved one in four car thefts, but that rate fell to about one in eight in the last six years. The popularity of sport utility vehicles and vans has been growing among thieves as well as consum- ers, the report said. Theft of trucks rose 59 per cent between 1991 and 2001, while car thefts rose only three per cent. About 40 per cent of those charged with auto theft were between the ages of 12 and 17, with 16 the most common age.

March 2003 15 Police don’t see eye-to-eye on armour Blue Line’s cross country survey proves policies vary dramatically by Les Linder — Blue Line staff writer type of carrier. The decision to provide only Safety and comfort are the key factors many external carriers, despite Chief Gordon Car- Canadian police agencies look at when mak- lisle’s preference for internal, was because the ing policies and issuing body armour, a Blue vast majority of officers requested it, McKnight Line survey shows. says. However, he added that some officers do Interviews with 15 Canadian police serv- purchase their own internal carriers. ices show there are several schools of thought McKnight says he doesn’t see a problem when it comes to instituting policies on types with the aesthetics of external carriers as long of armour officers should wear or whether to as they are made to match the appearance and use internal or external carriers. Surprisingly colour of the uniform. enough, a majority of agencies didn’t even have The Medicine Hat Police Service also has policies requiring officers to wear armour. no policy on the use of armour but if officers Peel Regional Police Service is one of sev- do opt to wear it, “they have to wear internal eral agencies with an internal body armour only because the administration’s position is that policy for all officers and strictly enforces it. external is far too militant-looking,” acting Sgt. Cst. Stephen Rowe says there are two key rea- Dellrae Sharpe says. He’s convinced members sons why. Sgt. Brian Willis says there is a policy state- would all switch to external if the decision was “We don’t want to be providing anyone ment supporting members who wear armour but up to them. with a target to those who actually want to shoot it’s not mandatory. The legal ramifications were “There was also some concern by the ad- us,” Rowe says. “They probably already know examined and the administration decided that ministration that external armour would give we have armour and a rough idea what areas it liability issues weren’t a cause for concern, since suspects something easy to grab onto if our of- protects, but an external carrier outlines exactly body armour is provided to those who want it. ficer got into a struggle and then get easily where those areas of protection are.” An informal survey shows 80 to 90 per cent of thrown to the ground,” he adds. The force is concerned a suspect may aim Calgary patrol officers wear armour, he says, and Sharpe says there isn’t concern over the and shoot for an unprotected part of the offic- there’s no move to change the policy. service being held liable if an officer is shot er’s body, Rowe adds. However, officers who do opt to wear ar- because armour is issued to all members and at “Another important point is that the inter- mour must use only internal carriers provided least 80 per cent wear it. nal armour simply looks a lot better on an of- by the service; “this is mostly over safety con- The Toronto Police Service (TPS) is one of ficer. It isn’t baggy and sloppy-looking like cerns,” he explains. “We found in testing that Canada’s few services that requires all frontline many external carriers,” he says, adding they during combative situations, external body ar- officers to wear armour, either internally or can also give officers a militant look, creating mour can and does get ripped off and leaves externally, even when they’re on the shooting unease among the public. the officer vulnerable.” range or special pay duties. The policy, which requires all officers to Another advantage — “internal armour is Sgt. Rob Knapper says all officers are pro- wear their armour when in the field, has been simply far too troublesome to remove in the vided with armour in an external carrier, but in place since 1986. Cost wasn’t a factor, Rowe field, which means our officers are much more can request internal. The key reason most de- notes, since there’s little to no savings between likely to have it on all the time during patrol. cide to wear external is because of comfort is- using one type of carrier over the other. Com- This basically keeps our officers much safer.” sues, he notes; “basically they want to be able fort, another major issue and concern for many Internal armour is much more difficult for to remove armour on a hot day when they re- services, also hasn’t been a problem in Peel. a suspect to get a hold of and will not get torn turn to the station.” There’s also concern a wide- “We haven’t had any sort of poll to see off during a hand-to-hand struggle, he adds. spread change would be expensive. which carrier the officers would prefer simply “We’ve done testing at the subconscious “If we say officers can no longer wear ex- because it is not an issue that has been brought level and the results showed a person is likely to ternal armour, we have to switch everyone back up often by our members.” frequently grab onto external carriers and usu- to internal carriers and there is a tremendous The service currently has no plans to change ally ends up tearing it right off. For safety, we cost associated with that,” Knapper explained. the policy and Rowe adds that most people seem just stay away from (using) external carriers.” Despite the external carrier’s popularity pleased with how it works. Some citizens have commented that among officers, Sgt. Mike Babineau of the TPS Halifax Regional Police Service has opted Mounties in external carriers look like mem- tactical training unit says he doesn’t like them. to use only external carriers for the last seven bers of a tactical team, Willis says. “(External carriers) remind me of the days years and all officers must wear their armour While he doesn’t believe there’s much merit we had to use cross straps, which people could when on duty; plain clothes and undercover behind the concern that external armour re- easily grab on to and toss us around. We fought officers are the only exceptions. Insp. David minds suspects an officer is protected and forever to get rid of that and as far as I’m con- Murphy says the decision to use external carri- prompts them to shoot at an unprotected spot, cerned, the external armour provides multiple ers was made following research showing in- he admits it’s a possibility in rare instances. cross straps for bad guys to toss our officers ternal carriers have no apparent advantage. The The Fredericton Police Service also cur- around with.” service used internal armour before changing rently has no armour policy, though nearly all Babineau feels only internal carriers should its policy seven years ago. officers are provided external armour, which be issued, arguing that external carriers look “Our officers found wearing (armour) inter- has been issued since 1988. Staff Sgt. Barry bulky, unprofessional and appear unflattering nally became very uncomfortable and some were McKnight estimates that only five to seven per on an overweight officer. reluctant to wear it,” Murphy says. “Honestly cent of the services 94 officers don’t wear it Despite his numerous objections, he says though, it doesn’t matter what you issue, as long when on duty. nothing short of an officer’s death caused by as the officers wear it. We simply found our guys “Part of the reason it isn’t in policy is be- external armour is likely to change the policy, more likely to wear their armour if it was com- cause compliance is already so high that it has and “this would be very difficult to prove with- fortable — that’s why we use external.” not been a problem,” McKnight explains. “We out the criminal confessing that he shot an of- Murphy feels it looks neat and says most also don’t have much in the way of gun crime ficer in the head because he saw the armour.” members are happy with it. here as well, so it isn’t a huge threat.” A number of TPS officers don’t like exter- The Calgary Police Service is one of many Regardless, he says the policy will likely nal carriers, he notes, but it’s difficult to win them agencies Canadian agencies that doesn’t require be changed soon to require all officers to wear over when so many frontline officers feel exter- officers to use body armour. armour while on duty but will not specify the nal is more comfortable, is easier to take off and

March 2003 16 can be worn loosely, even though policy states been trying to make it mandatory for all patrol mour, we went with external. This lets them armour is to be worn snugly against the body. officers; he estimates about 80 per cent of frontline remove it when they are at their desk and when He’s especially concerned about the major- officers presently wear armour. they head back on the road, they can put it on ity of recruits who wear external carriers exclu- While Houston hasn’t been involved in any very quickly.” sively and isn’t certain internal carriers are eas- discussions over safety concerns of external He says the service managed to avoid con- ily available to officers who ask for them. carriers, he’s concerned about how easy they cerns of a military look by getting the carriers “Eight to ten years ago, the service would are to take it off, noting “if we’re going to give the same colour as uniforms and making them offer a choice to officers as to which carrier our officers armour, we might as well make sure look more like a shirt than a vest. It also made they wanted, but now they just issue the exter- they wear it and that’s why internal was issued.” sure officers liked them. Pasquini dismisses nal carriers and make those guys who want in- Range supervisor Steve Miller also thinks the concerns external carriers can easily be torn off ternal carriers specifically put in a request,” service should make wearing armour mandatory. or grabbed by a suspect. Babineau says. “Officers aren’t even required to wear (ar- “We heard of only one incident (in Mon- Toronto Police Association uniform director mour) in the firing range,” Miller notes. treal) where an officer reported his external ar- Rick McIntosh disagrees with Babineau’s safety “There’re bullets flying here and the guys aren’t mour was grabbed by a suspect. The Velcro concerns, saying there’s nothing to support them. required to wear armour? That’s just not right straps came off and part of the vest opened, al- While he understands the desire of many officers and we really need to fix that.” most coming off. However, the service reported to wear external, he says the service is also look- Houston has had informal discussions with the problem to the manufacturer of the carrier ing into the newer generation of body armour, the union to draft a mandatory wear policy, and had it changed so the Velcro was stronger which is lighter and more comfortable. which he’s hoping to have in place by 2004. and wouldn’t tear off.” The decision on which type to wear will The Montreal police service has recently He also disagrees that a suspect might shoot still be up to the individual officer though, even begun instituting policies on body armour, hop- an officer in an unprotected location of the body though top management, including Chief Julian ing that smaller agencies will follow their lead. if they can see the armour, saying there’s no Fantino, are said to feel external carriers look Currently, new officers and those who re- proof that’s ever happened. militant, messy and unprofessional. quest it are given external armour and then are He pointed out that Cst. Benoit L’Ecuyer, who “However, we don’t want our officers out required to wear it. was shot and killed in February, 2002 during a in the street suffering from heat and not being The service switched from internal to ex- shoot out following a vehicle pursuit, was wear- able to breathe properly from their internal car- ternal carriers in April 2001 and no longer pro- ing his armour internally. L’Ecuyer died after be- riers,” McIntosh said. “Perhaps this would vides internal, even on request. All frontline ing shot four times, including once in the neck. change if we got top of the line, thin vests that officers will be required to wear armour by the Pasquini is more concerned that many Que- more officers would be likely to wear under end of this year. bec police services don’t provide officers with their uniform.” Cmdr. Bruno Pasquini says the new exter- body armour, forcing officers to buy their own. Making a switch to new armour, while ideal, nal carriers were chosen because they’re more “It shouldn’t be like that. Internal, exter- would be costly though, McIntosh concedes. comfortable. nal, it doesn’t matter. Police officers must have The Vancouver Police Service’s current policy “Officers tended, after several years of serv- proper protection.” leaves the decision on whether to wear armour in ice, to stop wearing their internal armour be- He has begun talks with several Quebec the hands of the officers. Insp. Bob Houston says cause it was too uncomfortable,” Pasquini ex- agencies, including the provincial health com- internal armour is issued to all members and he’s plains. “So to ensure officers wear the new ar- mittee, to ensure they follow Montreal’s lead.

March 2003 17 Police career goal helps beat cancer by Danette Dooley tates again before continuing. “The chief and deputy chief’s support Scott Gogan wasn’t about to let cancer was the major factor that helped me get stop him from becoming a police officer. through everything I went through. The The well-known New Brunswick gui- whole time I was sick and going through tar player was halfway through his training the chemotherapy, I was wearing my po- with the Saint John Police Force and pre- lice academy sweater and I’d be reading paring for the physical test when he felt a law books and I’d be telling myself — two slight swelling in his neck. Although sure more treatments and then it’s over and I it was just soreness caused by his vigorous can go and become a police officer.” training, he decided to see a doctor. Gogan continued to volunteer as an “They told me it was just an infection auxiliary member throughout his chemo- in my lymph node and not to worry about it therapy and radiation treatments, “with a — but there was still something telling me little less hair.” that something was not right here. I had no He celebrated the day he finished his physical symptoms but I was a little weak. last treatment, and not just because of the clean I thought I was just stressed out because I until I got the results of the biopsy.” bill of health. The force’s human resource de- wanted the job so bad.” Gogan was out when the family doctor partment called to say a new hiring process had When the lump didn’t go away, Gogan was called with the results. The look on his parents’ begun and asked if he still wanted to apply. Two referred to a specialist, who matter-of-factly face told him all he needed to know. months later, Gogan’s dream was a reality. He told him the news. “They were both sitting on the couch just started work as a police officer Feb. 25, 2002. “He looked at me and right away he said, looking at me and they said, ‘yeah, it’s can- Saint John Deputy Chief Allan Bodechon ‘I think you have cancer.’ He sticks this large cer,’ and I’m like, holy frig. I was really upset didn’t hesitate hiring Gogan after learning he needle in my neck where this mass was and and I was freaking out a little bit. I just couldn’t was healthy and says the young recruit is now sends it away for some sampling.” believe this was happening to me right now. a valued member of the force. Gogan tried not to think about what the My mom goes in complete denial and she starts “Cst. Gogan is a pleasant young man and a cancer might mean — an end to his dream of making me eat yogurt and all this other health resilient police officer. He’s very involved in becoming a police officer; a shortened life span. food.” Cops for Cancer and it’s a pleasure to have him Then the specialist called with some good news. With chemotherapy and radiation ahead of on our force.” “He called me back two weeks later and him, Gogan knew he’d be unable to continue Gogan’s first contact with law enforcement said ‘it’s not cancer. Come see me in a month;’ with the hiring process. Even though he was came as a teenager when he was asked to join and I’m like, oh, great.” The lump didn’t shrink “just a cadet,” he asked to meet with the chief Country Blues, the Saint John Police Force though and the surprised specialist ordered a and deputy chief and explained why he’d have band. “I thought it was funny because when biopsy. to drop out. you are that age, you’re not suppose to like “At this point I’m still going through the “They understood and were 100 per cent police,” he recalls. “I used to make fun of po- hiring process, with this weighing heavily on supportive. They told me if I could beat this, lice officers at band practice because I was a my mind,” says Gogan. “I go for my police there would be a place here for me as a full- smart-ass 18 year old then.” force medical and the doctor tells me every- time member,” Gogan says, his voice crack- Fellow members of the band, which has thing is picture perfect, but then he notices the ing. He pauses to compose himself. raised more than $100,000 for the community, mark on my neck and I told him that they think “I don’t know what words could describe urged him to go on ride alongs to get a first- I might have Hodgkin’s like Mario Lemeux. how important it was to have their support… hand look at police work. “I was about 19 then,” He told me that I’d passed my medical but he my mom’s here in the background crying now.” he says. “All my other friends would be out couldn’t let me go on and do my physical test He laughs, says “mom, go away!” and then hesi- drinking and I’d be sitting in a police car watch- ing what was going on.” Canadian Police Association endorses With about 700 ride along hours to his credit, he joined the auxiliaries and was the first federal gun registry member accepted to the Atlantic Police Acad- The Canadian Police Association is a welcome tool to help fight gun crime. emy. He says being a police officer is every- endorsed the controversial federal However, Griffin and Niebudek thing he expected it to be — and more. gun registry program in January, both suggested that police should “I’m 25 now, I’m feeling great and I’m lov- saying it’s a key tool to reduce the tread lightly in enforcing the law. ing the fact that I am here working as a police misuse of guns. They should use discretion when officer with the Saint John Police Force. I’m Mike Niebudek, vice-president of they run up against gun owners who exactly where I want to be and doing what I’ve the association, said the registry makes it don’t want to comply with the law as always wanted to do. I’ve made a lot of friends easier for police to track down illegal guns and an act of civil disobedience. and I’m always learning. Life can’t get any forces owners to be more accountable for their The idea is to persuade people to register better than this.” weapons. The association’s endorsement came their weapons, not to throw them in jail, Grif- Gogan says he’s learned a lot from his brush amid debate over the gun-control program. fin said. Gary Breitkreuz, the Canadian Alli- with cancer and uses his experience to help oth- The police association, which represents ance critic for the firearms registry, said he ers deal with traumatic events. He also works about 28,000 ordinary cops, said the system can’t understand how the association can back hard to promote cancer fund-raising events. is working and that police on the street use it what he called a flawed law. He said the Country Blues is hosting a Cops for Cancer daily. The association also said that the $1 money would have been better spent putting Concert at the Imperial Theatre in Saint John billion cost includes the whole firearms con- 10,000 more police on the streets. May 8 and Gogan is working to get the Royal trol program, from licensing of owners to reg- Eight provinces have criticized the gun- Newfoundland Constabulary police band istering guns. control program. Some have demanded that Siochana as the opening act. David Griffin, the association’s executive the system be suspended pending a full in- officer, said the system isn’t a panacea, but it vestigation by the auditor general. Danette Dooley is Blue Line’s East Coast writer and can be reached at [email protected]

March 2003 18 Quantitative vs. qualitative performance measures by Peter Shipley ness incentive based on a cost benefit analysis Over the last few years a large number of to the Ontario Association of Chiefs of Police, organizations, including police agencies, have presenting hard, quantifiable data to ensure that adopted a business planning model where goals the qualitative aspects are addressed. and objectives are key to the internal evalua- We have developed a sound argument to tion process. As the old saying goes, “if you develop, promote and implement a more com- don’t know where you’re going, any road will prehensive health and fitness programming take you there.” model — and made it clear that a lack of sup- One of the objectives of the ‘Fit For Duty’ port may leave agencies open to charges of neg- program at the Ontario Provincial Police (OPP) ligence, given what we know. was achieving a minimum of 1,000 physical When I told two colleagues — a retired fitness tests in 2000, 1500 in 2001 and 2000 in police officer and inspector — that we were 2002. That objective was exceeded in the first considering making the proposal but weren’t two years; the final numbers for 2002 aren’t in confident the OACP would approve it, they both yet. This incredible achievement wouldn’t have comes to work feeling energetic and good about said “make them say no.” Force them to say been possible without the effort and determi- herself. ‘we’re not going to invest in these health and nation of the certified fitness consultants across There’s also no doubt she’s more produc- fitness programs and we don’t really care about the province. This kind of goal setting and tive and knows the organization she works for our people and implementing what’s best for achievement is key but some of the most im- cares about her. This isn’t measured quantita- them, even if it saves the department and pub- portant elements lie within specific qualitative, tively other than being listed as one of the con- lic thousands of dollars.’ not quantitative, measures. sultations I had during the year 2002. The quali- I believe police services boards won’t be This kind of measurement is rarely included tative aspect, although difficult to measure, is impressed to discover that pro-active health and in the business planning process because the very real. wellness programs aren’t in place, even though nature of qualitative measures are foreign to I don’t understand the logic of not investing they could save hundreds of thousands — even police agencies, even though we claim that it’s in health, wellness and fitness programs. The millions — of dollars. It’s important to address important to “improve the quality of life of the argument that the public won’t accept their tax these aspects in business plans. citizens we serve.” Shouldn’t we strive for those dollars being spent on such frivolous things as same ideals within our organizations? fitness and wellness programs is weak at best. Peter Shipley is president of the PFPO and The Police Fitness Personnel of Ontario Physiological Health Sciences Coordinator at the I constantly hear officers express concern OPP Academy. about the time it takes to do paper work, yet (PFPO) recently proposed a standardized fit- they’re expected to create more work and de- velop community relationships/partnerships. This even though some managers feel talking to citizens isn’t a productive use of time. If officers are required to tag ‘x’ amount of speeders, where does interaction, communication and develop- ing positive relationships come into play? Enforcement is a huge part of a police of- ficer’s duties; these aspects are quantifiable but officers often aren’t free to develop key rela- tionships in the community that allow them to do their job more efficiently and effectively. This qualitative aspect is key to how success- fully a police officer does their job. There have been instances where coach of- ficers have been reprimanded for not meeting expected performance levels while training a new recruit. While their numbers may be down, the knowledge and expertise they’re passing to an impressionable young recruit isn’t considered. The qualitative aspect of this critical relation- ship is more important than any number of tick- ets that could have been handed out during this critical time. Many coach officers believe this important relationship is hindered by the way they’re required to do their job. One of our employees recently approached me about an academy health initiative focus- ing on cholesterol testing. She appreciated the chance to get tested — her levels were found to be extremely high — and the consultations that inspired her to see her physician and make the needed lifestyle changes. She’s no longer worried about her health, has lost weight, low- ered her cholesterol and blood pressure and

March 2003 19 Outlaw motorcycle gangs

Outlaw Motorcycle Gangs (OMGs), par- ticularly the Hells Angels, are engaged in a mul- titude of crimes across the country, including money laundering, intimidation, assaults, at- tempted murder, murder, fraud, theft, counter- feiting, extortion, prostitution, escort agencies/ strip clubs, after-hours clubs (selling alcohol illegally), telemarketing and the possessing and trafficking of illegal weapons, stolen goods and contraband. The Angels remain the largest and most criminally active Canadian OMG, with 35 full, one prospect and one hangaround chapter. Provincial members have historically been in Québec and elsewhere are intended to deter Members continue to be extensively involved associated with traditional (Italian-based) or- anyone from reporting or testifying about or- in importing and trafficking cocaine, cultivat- ganized crime families in eastern Canada and ganized criminal activities. In Winnipeg, one ing and exporting high-grade marijuana and, developed significant criminal alliances. There witness’ home was fire bombed while anoth- to a lesser extent, producing and trafficking are also indications of increased collaboration er’s was fired upon with a shotgun. A former methamphetamine and trafficking ecstasy and with members of Asian-based organized crime gang unit police officer’s vehicle was torched other illicit synthetic drugs. groups. and her residence fire bombed twice, once suc- OMGs also continue to be involved in vio- There are three Angels chapters in Alberta cessfully. Three members of the Zig Zag Crew lence, ranging from intimidation and assault to — Edmonton, Calgary and a Nomads chapter were charged with torching her van. attempted murder and murder. Incidents of vio- in Red Deer. As was shown in Operation The Angels and associates continued to dis- lence between the Angels and Bandidos con- Shadow, provincial members continue to be ex- play their colours in court in an attempt to in- tinue. Several high-profile cases of intimida- tensively involved in cultivating and traffick- timidate potential witnesses, police officers and tion against victims of crime, witnesses and law ing marijuana and trafficking in cocaine, hash- members of the justice system. In response, the enforcement across the country demonstrate the ish and illicit synthetic drugs. While most of provincial justice department implemented poli- extent to which the gang will go to protect its the members and associates arrested are pro- cies to protect witnesses at risk who testify members from law enforcement. ceeding through the courts, some have pled against organized crime groups. guilty and received sentences ranging up to six The Winnipeg chapter has become increas- Western Canada years in jail. ingly active in importing and distributing drugs The Hells Angels have seven chapters in The gang maintains two chapters in Sas- in Manitoba, particularly cocaine and marijuana BC — East End, Haney, Nanaimo, Vancouver, katchewan — Saskatoon and Regina — which but also other drugs such as ecstasy. In March White Rock, Mission City and a Nomads chap- were formed Dec. 31, 2001, and has two pup- 2002, after a nine-month investigation, police ter. The Renegades remain their only puppet pet clubs, the Freewheelers and Regina Men’s closed a ‘cocaine storefront’ operation con- club in the province. The gang continues to be Club. The amount of cocaine and ecstasy in Sas- nected to the gang. extensively involved in importing and traffick- katchewan has increased, much of it coming The Hells Angels continue to be involved ing cocaine and cultivating and trafficking from BC. The Angels are a significant criminal in distributing drugs within Manitoba correc- hydroponically-grown marijuana. presence in the province but other criminal tional institutions by corrupting government In a 16-month joint forces operation related groups are also involved in drug trafficking. employees. In March 2002, three employees at to the 2001 Calgary-based Operation Shadow, OMG-related violence in Manitoba has in- the medium-security Stony Mountain Institu- which investigated the Hells Angels Calgary creased sharply, concurrent with the Angels tion, north of Winnipeg, were allegedly in- chapter, BC police targeted the gangs involve- forming a Winnipeg chapter. Their attempt to volved in delivering drugs to an incarcerated ment in methamphetamine and ecstasy pill pro- establish control over the local drug trade and Zig Zag Crew member. duction and trafficking. They shut down seven promote and protect the gang has resulted in a methamphetamine labs in a trafficking opera- number of particularly violent incidents of in- Central Canada tion which had connections in Calgary, timidation against victims, witnesses and law The Angels have 14 full and one prospect Kelowna, Vancouver and areas in the Fraser enforcement. During six weeks in June and July chapter in Ontario, while the Bandidos formed Valley. An associate was found guilty of threat- 2001, there were five drive-by shootings and two full chapters Dec. 1, 2001. The Outlaws ening a prosecutor after two members of the two fire bombings in Winnipeg. have ten chapters. All three gangs, particularly gangs East-End chapter were found guilty of In order to insulate the gang, members typi- the Angels, are increasingly making alliances trafficking cocaine. cally order their lower-level criminal associates, with numerous street gangs which perform the The Angels continue to be criminally ac- like the Zig Zag Crew and the aboriginal-based same lower-level criminal activities and secu- tive at marine ports throughout BC, particularly Manitoba Warriors, to perform acts of intimi- rity duties as puppet clubs. on the lower mainland. Their influence at ports dation and violence. Angels also allegedly per- There are continued tensions, occasionally enables the gang, often in conjunction with form violent acts – seven of the 10 members escalating into violence, between the Angels other criminal organizations, to smuggle con- are before the courts on charges which include and the Outlaws and Bandidos and all three traband into and out of Canada. Incidents of uttering threats, assault, assaulting a police of- gangs’ puppet clubs and affiliated street gangs. intimidation against law enforcement at the ma- ficer and attempted murder. After expanding rapidly into Ontario in Dec. rine ports have been recorded. The often public incidents of intimidation 2000, the Angels remain highly competitive in

March 2003 20 the province and have insisted members of other New Brunswick and exert considerable influ- and associates with conspiracy to murder, gang- gangs join as puppet club members or volun- ence over criminal activities throughout Atlan- sterism and trafficking in a variety of drugs (co- tarily disband. Some Outlaws did but others tic Canada. There are two full Bandidos chap- caine, heroin, ecstasy, marijuana and Viagra), wanted to stay or join the Bandidos. ters in the province, which also control a among other offences. The gangs’ entire The Ontario Nomads chapter allegedly re- number of affiliated street gangs. Montréal chapter and half its Québec City chap- sponded to the Bandidos’ refusal to disband and Sporadic violence between the two gangs ter were arrested. Its Kingston based national its continued expansion into Angels’ territory by continues. Seven people, including one non- president was also arrested and 26 individuals targeting members in Kingston and Montréal, gang-affiliated person, were killed between named in warrants were already behind bars for triggering retaliation. The hit squads, primarily Aug. 2001 and May 2002. There were also previous arrests or convictions. Clubhouses and prospects and associates, were responsible for seven attempted murders and one disappear- residences were raided in both provinces. several violent incidents in Ontario and Québec. ance related to gang violence. A teenager died One alleged hit man, a Rockers associate accom- when he was caught in cross-fire outside a bar. Atlantic Canada panied by a member, was stopped by police for In another incident, an innocent man was killed OMG activities in the Atlantic provinces a routine traffic violation, opened fire and was when his car was mistaken for one belonging continue to follow the national trend of violence killed in the return fire. to a Bandidos member. and control of drug production/importation and The Hells Angels continue to promote the There have been approximately 26 arsons distribution. Eight men, including three gang publicly. A number of public venues have in bars and clubs associated to the Angels in Bandidos and two Killerbeez members and implemented or are considering implementing south-central Montréal. One person was killed three associates, were convicted of charges re- bans on gang colours because of public safety. and a number left injured or homeless. Indi- lating to the assault and kidnapping of a man Some municipalities, such as Barrie and viduals belonging or associated to the Bandidos belonging to the Damners. Kitchener, have instituted voluntary ‘no gang have been arrested on charges relating to the In Operation 4-H, a culmination of Opera- colours/no gang clothing’ programs for local arsons; the gang has tried to take control of drug tions Johnny and Jacamar, police arrested 55 businesses. Properly monitoring and policing territory controlled by the Angels after Opera- members and associates of the Damners and OMGs at public venues, particularly when ri- tion Springtime 2001, which targeted them. Hells Angels Québec City chapter. They were val gangs attend, has increased policing costs. Initially fined, three former members of the charged with conspiracy to traffic in cocaine, OMGs continue to be involved in large- Evil Ones Granby chapter, an Angels’ puppet ecstasy and marijuana and conspiracy to laun- scale theft. In the joint forces Project WOLF, club, were sentenced to between one to three der the proceeds of crime. The operation iden- 149 charges were laid against 27 Bandidos as- months after the Québec Court of Appeal over- tified a national drug network with imports from sociates involved in hijacking and stealing turned their sentences. The club intimidated and BC and Québec into Atlantic Canada. Police truckloads of merchandise. Drugs, weapons, threatened the families of three police officers seized 70 kilograms of high-quality cocaine, and three million dollars in stolen property was who had entered a bar after a routine check in 35.5 kilograms of high-grade BC marijuana, recovered. The gang had a complete distribu- Jan. 2001. 5,300 hits of ecstasy, cash and more than one tion network to repackage and market products Forty-eight of 49 members and associates million dollars in property. in order to disguise their origin. of the Angels and affiliated puppet clubs ar- The Angels only Atlantic Canada chapter A number of innovative initiatives to com- rested are before the courts or have pled guilty is in Halifax and influences the Highlanders in bat OMGs are being examined across Ontario. to various charges relating to money launder- Antigonish, Nova Scotia, the Charlottetown The provincial government enacted proceeds ing and drugs. In addition, 17 individuals face Harley Club in PEI. The Bacchus in New Bruns- of crime legislation in April 2002. Legislation charges of gangsterism, drug trafficking and wick is a hangaround chapter. to amend the Building Code Act to permit mu- conspiracy to murder rival drug-dealers in the A successful operation against the Halifax nicipalities to prescribe standards for the use Rock Machine (now Bandidos). The second chapter indicates the gang’s extensive involve- of fortifications, barricades and surveillance major trial from Operation Springtime began ment in drug trafficking. In Operation Ham- equipment on property is before the legislature. in September 2002. mer, 20 individuals with ties to it, including The bill is in response to concerns regarding Fourteen individuals, including ten Nomads three members, were charged with drug traf- outlaw motorcycle gang clubhouses. Québec members, are each facing 13 counts of first- ficking and weapon and gang-related offences. passed similar legislation in 1997. degree murder and three counts of attempted Although there is no resident OMG in New- There are now seven Hells Angels chap- murder. foundland and Labrador, the Angels Québec ters in Québec: Nomads, South, Sherbrooke, An influential member of the Quebec No- chapter continues to exert influence in the prov- Montréal, Québec City, Trois-Rivières and a mads was retried for ordering the murders of two ince’s sex and drug trades. new chapter, Estrie. They control the Rockers, prison guards and the attempted murder of an- Evil Ones, Rowdy Crew, Damners, Blatnois, other in 1997. The highly-publicized trial re- Outlook Jokers and Satan’s Guards puppet clubs, affili- vealed numerous details of the Angels’ drug traf- OMGs and their affiliates will continue to ated street gangs, the Damners in Grand Falls, ficking network and other criminal activities in intimidate victims, witnesses and law enforce- Québec, the gang’s extensive use of intimida- ment. In response to new anti-gang legislation tion and violence and its strict, hierarchal struc- and increased police presence, they and affili- Outlaw gang ture. The member was found guilty of all three ates will likely not wear gang-affiliated para- counts and will serve 25 years in prison before phernalia during intimidation as often. OMGs member convicted becoming eligible for parole; he is appealing. will continue to use the media and Internet as A member of the Outlaws Motorcycle Gang Angels in the province continue to be ex- public relations tools in an attempt to sanitize pleaded guilty in January to participating in tensively involved in cultivating and traffick- their outlaw biker image into a corporate, pro- the activities of an organized crime group ing marijuana. Police raided a new subdivision fessional organization, promote their interests, in what is believed to be the first conviction on Montréal’s North Shore in Jan. 2002, find- communicate with chapters worldwide and of its kind in Ontario. ing hydroponic marijuana grow operations at make profits through the online sale of gang- Richard Bitterhoff, 41, was sentenced to 17 of 80 houses. The operation is believed to affiliated merchandise. time served since his arrest, totalling 106 days, be linked to the Rockers North chapter. Eight and was ordered to forfeit his 1993 Harley thousand plants and a large quantity of hydro- Davidson motorcycle, his gang colours and ponic equipment were seized. The homes, This article is part of a Criminal Intelligence Serv- any Outlaws paraphernalia. Bitterhoff had largely unoccupied, were equipped with false ice review of targeted organized crime groups and been arrested and charged in early September basement windows and contained props, such their activities, based on intelligence and investi- during a sweeping motorcycle-gang crack- as children’s toys and trophies, so the homes gation reports from Canadian and international would appear to be lived in. enforcement agencies. Blue Line Magazine will down in the province. Police said they arrested be running a series of monthly articles based on about 65 per cent of the Outlaws total gang Project Amigo targeted the Bandidos in the CISC’s 2002 final report. Go to membership in the sweep. Ontario and Québec; the 15 month operation www.cisc.gc.ca for more. resulted in 62 arrest warrants charging members

March 2003 21 Cutting the costs of conflict by Norm Taylor time. What is common among or problem-solving negotia- them, and countless other daily tions and alternative dispute • Two neighbours are arguing over a backyard situations, is the escalating resolution (ADR) — have fence, continuing a feud which began when a cost of not managing — or been widely known and century tree in one of their yards grew over poorly managing — the available. Arising from the the other’s swimming pool. The battle has conflicts. While it may be Harvard Negotiating waged for several months, twice breaking out difficult to quantify, it’s Project, the Fisher and Ury in pushing and shoving which threatened to clear that doing a better job publication Getting to Yes erupt in all-out violence. Police have been can result in significant remains the seminal text. called three times to intervene and with calm tangible and intangible Its elegant but relatively restored, departed with the usual admonitions savings. simple concepts run so and advice about “working things out.” Civil For example, con- counter to our condition- action is now pending; today’s resurgence sider the multiple roles for ing and are so at odds with resulted from the arrival of the process server. outside players — police what we see around us As the neighbours move toward their respec- officers, social workers, that applying them can be tive, adjoining driveways, one stops to pick court officials, lawyers, difficult. up his child’s little league bat. human resource managers, health care workers Winning is an almost sacred value in our • Across town, a father walks hesitantly into — already implied in each scenario. Now add society so embracing a process that, from the the courthouse to meet his young son and the personal and social costs on the individuals, outset, asks us to put subjective ‘winning’ aside daughter. They wait, frightened and confused their families and employers; they’re real, sub- and work to achieve objective, quality outcomes as always on these visiting days, in the tem- stantial and may strike very close to home. can be difficult. Inviting teams to negotiate to- porary custody of a court-appointed counsel- This is probably not news to most of us. ward a mutual goal and then watching as they lor who will remain near them throughout. Yet, even though there’s a long history of study- ‘take the bait’ and descend into power negoti- Their mother has briefly withdrawn to a ing and practicing dispute resolution, many of ating war games remains one of the easiest traps nearby coffee shop, where she’ll stay until the most primary and influential contact points to set in police leadership workshops — and it’s time to pick them up and return to a tem- have, until recently, remained seemingly inert each new generation of police managers, su- porary and undisclosed address. There’s been in this cause. Private disputes have tradition- pervisors and young officers exhibit the same no violence in the relationship but mother and ally escalated to litigation, where lawyers instincts. father have been unable to come face to face merely raise the conflict to a higher art and What is clear from years of police educa- since separating without descending into rag- judges use law and precedent to determine win- tion and development is that practicing more ing arguments; this intermediate measure was ners and losers. Of course, sometimes there is effective dispute resolution requires much more put in place to protect the children from such a stop along the way at negotiated settlements than knowing that better options exist. Over- displays. or arbitration, where each party at least gets a coming our own predilection toward personal • In a nearby business office, a staff member chance to ensure mutual damage is inflicted. victory and working against mechanisms that accuses her supervisor of harassment. In time In the classic neighbour dispute, a police reinforce, if not invite, conflict escalation re- the claim will be recanted, but not before the officer traditionally didn’t get involved until quires a much deeper knowledge of the origins supervisor is irreparably embarrassed and hu- someone committed a crime. and dynamics of disputes and considerable miliated, which, as it turns out, was one ob- While family law and domestic dispute practice and coaching in skills and techniques. jective of the accuser. Having suffered under practices have evolved considerably in recent If this sounds like getting religion, in some ways the stress and anxiety of a working relation- years, many separating couples still find them- it is. The skilled practitioners of ADR and the ship made toxic by ill-defined antagonism, selves well into the machinations of divorce most effective informal mediators and problem she resorted to the one mechanism that will, lawyers before any alternative peace-keeping solvers know that there is a better way to she hoped, bring in outside intervention. and sense-keeping measures are explored. achieve goals and seize the opportunity to Each of these situations reflect damaged re- It’s not as though we don’t know any better. strengthen rather than weaken relationships lationships, emotional and physical stress and di- Since the late ’70s, the science and techniques for when conflict arises. rect and indirect costs which only increase over more effective mediation — so-called ‘win-win’ Getting this religion is fast becoming a re- quirement for police officers. Problem-solving interventions are not only a strategic aim of Second World War grenade turned in most services, in some jurisdictions they’re a to Winnipeg Police front desk performance standard. In the neighbourhood scenario, officers may be held accountable for A Winnipeg city police officer got a department was put on standby until not adequately taking steps to prevent the crime surprise at the front desk of police head- bomb unit officers took the grenade that appears imminent. In domestic matters, quarters in January when an elderly away in a secure container. Bernas, 44, they’re increasingly called upon to play an ac- man handed him a live Second World said the precautions were necessary be- tive role in cooperating with social agencies. War grenade. cause the grenade was pinned and the Increasing complexity and stress factors “His opening line was, ‘I got a gre- fuse was intact. demand that future leaders possess superior nade,’” Cst. Gerry Bernas was quoted as However, McDonald explained he had problem-solving abilities. Learning and honing saying. locked the grenade’s pin with a cotter and effective mediation, negotiation and other dis- Melvin McDonald, a 79-year-old Second said the pin couldn’t be pulled without a pair pute resolution skills and techniques may be World War veteran with the Canadian navy, of pliers. one of the wisest career investments a police showed up with his wife, took the explosive McDonald, who was born in Winnipeg, officer can make and will pay off both profes- device out of a brown paper bag and gave it said the grenade was a keepsake from an early sionally and personally. to Bernas. The surprised officer immediately 1940s training exercise in northern Scotland. Norm Taylor is a police and criminal justice consultant called the bomb unit. He said he recently decided it was time to dis- and professor at Durham College’s School of Justice, Most of the main floor of the Public pose of the grenade, so, acting on advice from where he’s part of a team introducing a dispute resolu- tion program designed to meet the needs of law en- Safety Building was evacuated and the fire his nephew, he turned it over to police. forcement professionals.

March 2003 22 The power of the pen and the public’s right to know by Judy Pal tality — it sells. Izzy Asper, the chair- man of Global Television was once Officers participating in media training asked what he did for a living. Without or awareness workshops often ask why missing a beat, he replied, “I sell soap.” police must ‘pander’ to the media. The The key here is to find a simple answer? Once police get their synchronicity between what the media own newspaper, radio and television want and what police want to provide. station with the same reach as the local Police are in complete control of release media, we can stop ‘pandering’ to them. of information — to a degree. Don’t be Fact is, the old saying about the fooled into thinking if you don’t release power of the pen is true. For police, it, it won’t make the news. If there’s a the saying should read, “the power of story out there, it’s the media’s job to the pen is mightier than the semi-au- ferret it out. Some journalists would tomatic?.” make mighty fine investigators! Police and the media have a lively, However, police must realize, as symbiotic relationship. For those of us shown by the Supreme Court of Cana- a little rusty in biology terms, it means da’s Jane Doe decision, the public has not we depend on each other to survive. I’ve had suspect; a two-minute story did the trick. An only a vested interest but a right to know about many a debate with police officers about this excellent example of international media-po- issues relating to their personal and public safety. issue. “We can do our jobs just fine without lice cooperation. Police have the information and media are often them,” is the usual response — but, the day On the flip side, media are the first to ad- the best conduit to reach the community. police need to find a missing child or identify a mit they ‘need’ the police. Well, maybe not the There will be times when a journalist needs suspect related to a sexual assault; the media police per se, but definitely the stories police to be gently reminded of their powers. Media come in pretty handy. are associated with. Going back to the old me- outlets always get a chuckle out of pulling April About five years ago, Halifax Regional dia credo, “if it bleeds, it leads,” big police news Fool’s Day pranks on unsuspecting viewers, lis- Police arrested a man accused of brutally beat- is usually on page one, inhabits an inside city teners and readers and are then amazed when ing a young store clerk. Officers found about page and sometimes fills out a regular crime- people believe their story — does Orson Welles’ six different pieces of ID with different names beat column to boot. Some days, police issues War of the Worlds mean anything to you? and ages and the suspect refused to provide any dominate national and international news and Bottom line, if you view the media as a nec- factual information. Investigators knew there create huge controversy. essary evil, so be it, but in truth, they are a valu- was more to the story and orchestrated a news So work with the media. Make an effort to able tool which, when used effectively, can make conference to ask for the public’s assistance in establish positive working relationships with a significant positive impact on the way the com- identifying him. They felt the man may have members of the media every day, so when you munity looks at you and your department. been from the United States, so the media were need to get information out to the public, they asked to make an effort to sell the story to their will be there for you. Provide them with what Judy Pal managed communications for national news desks. they need, so they can do a decent job inform- Halifax Regional Police for five years. Sure enough, within minutes of the story ing the public, but don’t ever forget, they are in She is a respected public affairs practi- airing, a Buffalo, New York television station’s business to make money, sell advertising and tioner and an energetic, insightful lec- switchboard lit up with people calling to iden- keep shareholders happy. turer and media trainer. Pal will be pre- tify the man, who was on New York’s Most Don’t be surprised when a police ‘scandal’ senting a series of lectures at the Blue Line Trade Show - April 29 and 30. For Wanted List for escaping custody on an assault hits the front page — it sells. Expect the full- information on how to register for this charge. His previous record included beating colour photo of the two police car traffic acci- half-day course, go to the ‘Trade Show’ his mother to death with a baseball bat. dent (even if it’s a minor fender bender) — it section at www.blueline.ca. Pal can be reached at Without the media’s help, it may have taken sells. Expect the lead story on the local news [email protected] or Phone: 902 483-3055. days, weeks or even months to identify this about the accused drunk claiming police bru-

March 2003 23 Ontario Police College Pursuit Continuum Chart The Ontario Police College cles close to the subject, with the Pursuit Continuum Chart is an in- potential of vehicle contact if they structional aid intended to be used attempt to escape. in conjunction with the S.A.P. TDD – The effect of a TDD on the training manual and video. It is not handling of the subject vehicle at designed to be completely self-ex- high speeds is potentially dangerous planatory and should be introduced and could result in the vehicle crash- by someone familiar with the ter- ing. This risk is acceptable however minology and theory behind each when compared to the risk of the of the alternatives and termination pursuit continuing at high speeds. methods displayed. Avoid setting it up before curves or The concepts presented in the near crests. It also poses a high risk S.A.P. manual and video are criti- to the officer deploying the TDD if cal to understanding the nature of they leave cover. police pursuit. However, someone Rolling Block – This is a risky ma- who hasn’t been involved in a pur- noeuvre at any speed because offic- suit can hardly be expected to fully ers are attempting to forcibly stop a understand the dynamic nature of moving car. In reality this poses the the event or the relationship of risk of contact between police and available alternatives and termina- subject vehicle which could be very tion methods to each other when examining betraying interest in the driver before initiating dangerous at high speeds. Good teamwork and each method independently. The chart is a the vehicle stop. coordination will reduce the risk. graphic portrayal of this relationship within the Three Violator Stops – Dependent on a number Stationary Roadblock – These are uncommon pursuit dynamic, designed to bring it all to- of factors, including road, environment and traf- and potentially very dangerous if set up incor- gether and assist the student in understanding fic, selecting the most effective method and rectly. Only a supervisor may give permission risk assessment when considering options prior conducting a professional violator stop. to set one up. Refer to the S.A.P. video exam- to and after initiating a pursuit. Follow-up Investigation – If stopping the vehi- ple and note that there should always be an es- cle isn’t practical, or the subject will not stop cape route for the subject, offering an excellent Chart layout and the officer decides not to pursue, the effec- opportunity for deploying a TDD. The horizontal line is the platform for each tiveness of any follow-up investigation will Intentional Contact – This action should only of the pursuit alternatives and termination meth- depend on how effectively the first two options be considered as a last resort. It is the riskiest ods listed on the chart. The options are laid out were done. termination method of all because the officer from left to right, starting with the most unob- Tire Deflation Device (TDD) – Deployed in is effectively conducting an emergency ma- trusive alternative and ending with the most anticipation of a subject fleeing, it introduces a noeuvre to force the subject vehicle off the road- highly interventionist termination method. The slightly increased level of risk because of the way, very likely causing a collision. line is colour-coded and gradually rises, repre- effect that the gradual loss of air from the tires The PIT manoeuvre — shouldering at high senting the increasing risk and heightened stress causes to the handling of the subject vehicle. speeds and ramming the subject’s car — is very levels posed by each as the pursuit progresses Tandem Stop – The riskiest of the pursuit alter- risky to the subject, the officer and the public. and options are eliminated. natives because of the dynamic nature of the If these moves were always effective, it The vertical line is the pursuit line, sepa- stop and the potential for the subject to make would simply be a matter of assessing the risk rating alternatives from termination methods, contact with the lead car. Do not confuse this based on speed and location. However, the re- and is bold with ‘PURSUIT’ in block letters so manoeuvre with a rolling block! This is an al- ality is that they are not, therefore if it is at once there’s no ambiguity as to what it’s supposed ternative, not a termination method. It’s not very risky and not very effective, intentional to represent. designed to forcibly stop a fleeing car but is contact is something that should only be con- just another method of directing the subject to sidered in dire circumstances. Points of delivery stop. It’s called a ‘tandem’ because it requires The placement of the word ‘DISCON- When an officer decides to initiate a pur- at least two cars, but could be performed with TINUE’ along the right horizontal line empha- suit, they are crossing a line; once crossed, the more than two. sizes that this method of terminating the pur- whole situation changes and the mindset of both suit is always an option, at any stage, and should the subject and the officer switch to struggle. Termination methods always be considered when the risk to the pub- The subject focuses entirely on escape while Strategic Following – Note the use of the iden- lic outweighs the risk posed by not apprehend- the officer is intent on apprehension; these two tical term on the ‘alternatives’ side of the chart; ing the fleeing suspect. conflicting goals distorts the perception and when in pursuit, an officer should always be in The details of provincial legislation deal- therefore the judgement of both. The officers’ this mode. The officer is in pursuit with both ing with police pursuits contained in the S.A.P. focus should be on terminating the mobile oc- lights and siren activated and the subject is manual will give the information contained in currence, not apprehending the subject. aware of them. However, the officer is deliber- the chart a legal framework. The chart is not The ‘alternatives’ side of the ‘Pursuit Line’ ately adjusting the following distance to be able designed to teach the legal authority for any of should be stressed because one of the primary to monitor the movements of the subject and the alternatives or termination methods. It is messages of the S.A.P. manual is the need for maintain contact while still staying far enough simply a visual aid for use by instructors, de- an officer to consider any and all alternatives away that the subject doesn’t feel the need to signed to assist in: prior to initiating a pursuit. Like a game of cat- drive faster in order to escape. This method en- • focusing on appropriate and effective alter- and-mouse, an officer is getting into position courages the subject to believe that there’s time natives to initiating a pursuit at this stage and laying the groundwork for a and distance to stop the car, bail out and es- • understanding the psychological impact of safe, effective and professional vehicle stop cape. This is a desirable outcome, even if the ‘crossing the line’ into pursuit mode based on the information at hand. officer is unable to apprehend the subject on • understanding the relative risk to police and As an officer reaches the bottom of the op- foot, because it stops the mobile occurrence. public safety when considering pursuit ter- tions (intentional contact), they reach the high- Pin – A crash may occur despite our best ef- mination methods est point of risk to themselves and the public. forts to encourage the subject to slow down and bail. When this happens, pursuing officers may Alternatives use their vehicles to hold the subject vehicle in For more information, contact OPC Police Vehicle Strategic Following – Collecting as much in- Operations Coordinator Ken Lester at place. This, however, poses a slightly increased [email protected] or 519 773-4416. formation on the vehicle as possible without risk to the officers because it places their vehi-

March 2003 24 Forum educates and inspires by Janko Predovic our than live in disgrace. As Coke put it, a leader Leadership is an activity, not a position — must know their own core values and under- these candid words were emblazoned on the stand that failing to model them shatters cred- doorway at the 7th annual Police Leadership ibility. If they lack morality or integrity, the Conference in November. public and even those in their own ranks will The yearly forum provides an opportunity not confide in them. for police officers worldwide to share the re- A police leader isn’t condescending and is sults from innovative leadership and learn from strong by feat, not voice. Such humility reminds each other in a provocative and stimulating en- an officer that they should personify ‘responsi- vironment. bility’ and not ‘power.’ The humble police “The main goal of this seminar is to foster leader doesn’t allow rank to cloud their vision, leadership within policing in Canada,” then Po- recognizes sound advice, regardless of origin, lice Leadership Forum president Bob Pilon said. and is tolerant and chivalrous to all. “The forum also promotes the highest ethical Leaders should avoid using insulting ad- standards in policing, as well as continuous edu- jectives and instead pinpoint negative behav- cation, advocacy for systemic changes and stra- iours which can be rectified. tegic partnerships with institutions of higher Forums such as this are invaluable tools in learning.” developing leaders and improving current ones. Keynote speakers included Dr. Graham As Dickson said, being born with musical talent Dickson, executive director of the Royal Roads isn’t enough to make one a musician — and even University Leadership & Learning those with little inherent talent can learn to play Collaboratory, international entrepreneur, mili- music if they’re willing to work at it; leadership tary veteran and consultant Dr. Alfred M. Coke skills are no different. Without a doubt, those and former Ontario premier Bob Rae. attending the conference left as superior police One idea stood apart from all others at the leaders — and superior police officers. two day conference — traditional models of control, authority and power are no longer ef- fective leadership tools. Barking out orders Janko Predovic is a 4th year Criminology student without concern for those following them fos- at the University of Toronto who “witnessed ters disrespect. Monarchical leadership results abysmal police practices for many years” in in the unqualified assuming positions beyond Brazil, before moving to Canada. their capacities, demoralizing those they lead; worse still is leadership by threats or fear, which alienates and breeds rebellion. Simply imitating the behaviour of great leaders like Roosevelt, Eisenhower and Church- ill is not enough either; although these great men epitomized leadership, they were also products of their eras. Leaders need not anticipate every question before it is asked, nor should they be expected to provide all the answers — but they must be able to communicate ideas with passion, pro- vide a direction or clear vision and be able to explain how it will be realized. Rae said police leaders should expect the unexpected because the media sways public opinion in any direction it pleases. This isn’t completely negative, he added, because debate and conflict are productive and it’s in the ab- sence of opinion that nothing happens. The dutiful police leader isn’t influenced by profit or loss and would rather die with hon- Armoured car heros foil gas station robbery Two armoured car employees are being hailed as heroes for foiling an armed robbery attempt at a Saskatoon gas station. The men, who work for Securicor Cash Services, were servicing a Royal Bank automated machine at the station in January when a man with a knife entered. Cashier Andrew Clarke says he was surprised the robber targeted the gas station with the Securicor armoured van sit- ting outside the building. A man is facing four charges of armed robbery.

March 2003 25 Coping with Police Southern Ontario Law BLUE LINE Shift Work Enforcement Association (SOLETA) SEMINAR SERIES April 29th 9:00 to 11:30 a.m. and 1:00 to 3:30 p.m. April 29th or 30th, 9:30am to 11:30am The Blue Line Trade Show will be featuring a April 30th 9:00 to 11:30 a.m. Cost: $50 per session (plus GST) series of Seminars. The following is an overview Free with pre-registration Register online at www.blueline.ca and of these sessions. Register online at www.blueline.ca and click on tradeshow and then seminars. All seminars held at click on tradeshow and then seminars. Course Outline LeParc Conference Centre Course Outline With the recent tragic events thrust 8432 Leslie Street, Markham Ontario Sergeant Carl Mason discusses his re- into the forefront of our society For more details go to search on police shift work and proposals for www.blueline.ca/tradeshow designing shift schedules which support lead- you now have the unique oppor- ership and help police officers perform. tunity to be trained in Extraordi- nary Rapid Deployment at the Police Communication The seminars are provided free, compli- ments of the Police Leadership Forum. Pre-reg- Blue Line Trade Show in April. and Public Image; istration is required. Go to www.blueline.ca and Extraordinary Rapid Deployment (ERD) Two-part Seminar series click on trade show and then seminars. training is vital to all police officers, particularly those on the front line. Ontario has now made Cost: $80 per course (plus GST) Presenter this training mandatory for officers responding to Register online at www.blueline.ca and Carl Mason has been a police officer since calls to schools where an armed suspect is be- click on tradeshow and then seminars. 1981 and holds a B.Sc in applied psychology. lieved to be on the premises. The Blue Line Trade As a member of the Merseyside Police Shift Show gives you an opportunity to be appropri- Course No. 1 Review team, he’s lectured across Europe on ately trained in this response mechanism. shift work and officer health, safety and wel- The course examines actual incidents and Communicating In Crisis fare, and the effects of working time regula- provides critical information for first respond- April 29th 9:00 to 11:30 a.m. tions. He is currently a member of the work ers. It shows specific officer deployment tac- scheduling unit, which specializes in organiz- tics, formations, and cornering strategies. Also This half day session teaches the eight rules ing working time and allocating resources. covered are police, contact, and rescue team for communicating in a crisis, what to look for Who Should Attend priorities, equipment, and procedures. in a qualified spokesperson during a crisis, what • All personnel on shift work, their supervisors Attendees will receive a certificate of attend- you should be saying... and what the public and health and safety personnel ance upon completion of the seminar series. wants and needs to hear from their police. Ontario Gang Presenter A Halton Regional Police of- Course No. 2 Investigators ficer with over 15 years of Image, Perception and Police Association (ONGIA) experience, Chris Collins is April 29th 1:00 to 3:30 p.m. the tactical rescue unit team April 29th or 30th, 1:30 to 3:30pm leader and the founder / presi- This half day session focuses on the Cost: $50 per session (plus GST) dent of the Southern Ontario importance of a police department’s public Register online at www.blueline.ca and Law Enforcement Training click on tradeshow and then seminars. image, who and what portrays the image of the Association. He can be police department, the important distinction Course Outline reached at [email protected]. between perception and reality, and how the This seminar aims to empower police and civil- Who Should Attend media play a huge role in shaping a ians alike with the tools necessary • All front line officers community’s public image of its police. to combat street gangs. You’ll learn the tell tale signs of gang • Supervisors Presenter membership and their key moti- • Tactical officers Two seminars will be pre- vational factors. • School liaison officers sented by Halifax-based media Criminal street gangs impact the • Campus police services and public relations expert community in reprehensible ways. The Ontario Judy Pal at this year’s Blue Gang Investigators Association has partnered with Blue Line Magazine to offer an intense gang Line Trade Show on April Where You Should Go training module for the civilian and law enforce- 29th. Judy’s topics will be ment communities. communicating to the media in We will examine the history of criminal crisis situations and how to project a positive street gangs and the most common warning image to your community. Both these seminars signs of gang membership and association. This are parts of a larger more intensive two week will heighten delegates’ awareness of the vari- course Judy presents on the subject of Police and ous stages of gang involvement. Media communications. These courses serve as We will discuss key strategies which focus a sampler for the attendee to become more in- on interdiction, intervention and education. formed on the subject and also to see if this type Upon successful completion, each attendee will of work is suited to them. receive a certificate from the Ontario Gang In- BLUE LINE vestigators Association. TRADE SHOW Who Should Attend Who Should Attend 8432 Leslie Street, Markham Ont. • All public and community relations personnel • All front line officers • Any personnel interested in media relations • • Investigators These courses would be suitable for all levels • Crime analysts of police and private security personnel. • Crime prevention officers

March 2003 26 Milwaukee police lieutenant retires at 86 Signed up in 1942 - “it’s about time Andy.” One of the oldest and investigated murders, assaults, active police of- thefts, counterfeiting operations, ficers in North drug trafficking and a plane crash. America is retir- He’s provided security for presi- ing after more dents, foreign dignitaries and ce- than 60 years with lebrities, the most notable being the Milwaukee Po- Elvis Presley and has held super- lice Department. visory positions with the depart- “I woke up one morning at 4 ment for 53 years, the last ten in a.m. and it just seemed as though the property crimes division. God was standing there and tell- The lieutenant can still recall ing me, ‘it’s about time Andy,’” the names of those he worked with says Lt. Andrew Anewenter, 86. 50 years ago and the details of dec- His last day is March 14. ades-old cases. He tells of shoot- Anewenter figures he would have to learn ing out street lights in the turbulent 1960’s to pro- a whole new procedure in November when the tect officers from gunmen shooting at them, and department gets a new chief — and he’s tired witnessing the death of three fellow officers. He of all the paperwork and 10-hour days. Also, “I admits a few things have changed along the way, think I needed a little bit more time for myself like technology - but not the criminal mind. and my wife.” He’s not ready to slow down just “Crime doesn’t change. Crime is crime. What yet though. has changed is that police work is more danger- “I am retiring to possibly some other cat- ous today.” He attributes this to the drug trade. egory, you know, whether it’s volunteer work or Anewenter has served under seven financial return,” he says. “Even with my sen- Milwaukee police chiefs and six mayors. iority, they feel I have things to offer and I have.” Milwaukee doesn’t require retirement at any He still chokes up recalling the day when specific age, however no other officer has he and his partner, Officer Norman Duemling, stayed on the job past 65. Anewenter credits were transporting two suspects back to the po- his positive attitude, daily walks or swims and lice station. One managed to grab Duemling’s family support with helping him cope with the gun, pressed the barrel into his abdomen and stress and pressures of his work. threatened to kill him. Convinced that his part- ner was about to be murdered, Anewenter shot the gunman in the head, killing him instantly and likely saving Duemling’s life. “Norman was so grateful that for six months after the shoot- ing he picked me up at my home for work,” recalls Anewenter. The current police chief was only three when Anewenter joined the Milwaukee Police Depart- ment. He has walked the beat, patrolled the city

DNA test confirms Canadian guilty of rape conviction DNA testing has confirmed a Canadian man who has spent the past 16 years in prison for rape really did commit the crime. Offi- cials in St. Louis say the lab test indicates that semen found at the scene belonged to 51-year-old Kenneth Charron of Hamilton. He is serving life plus two 30-year terms at the Missouri Eastern Correctional Centre. For years, Charron has claimed he wasn’t in- volved in the 1985 break-in at the home of a 59-year-old deaf woman and her 79-year-old mother. Charron was convicted of robbery and of raping the younger woman. A second man was convicted in the rob- bery, but not rape, and was sentenced to 35 years in prison. The DNA testing was done after a request from the Canadian govern- ment. A group of Canadian citizens agreed to pay the 16-hundred-dollar US cost.

March 2003 27 Top ten reasons for mental illness training sense. You are all spending a significant 5. Part of the gripe about time and expense re- amount of time on this —up to 15 per cent lates to the time spent dealing with emer- by Dr. Dorothy Cotton of your calls involve people with a mental gency room medical people. A little training Ph. D., C. Psych. illness. Hard to argue that it is insignificant. helps you speak their lingo and that can cer- 2. The butt-covering aspect. I believe this is- tainly speed things up. I’ve been looking over various inquest rec- sue is more formally referred to as ‘deliber- 6. At a practical level, mental health training ommendations lately, especially those from ate indifference.’ It’s undeniable that police is simply a good way to get the police peo- situations where mentally ill people were shot officers spend a fair amount of time dealing ple and the mental health people in the by police; this is part of a project I’m doing with the mentally ill; if you know and ac- room at the same time. That’s the logical with that distinguished gentleman gracing the knowledge this but do nothing about it and first step toward any kind of cooperative front cover of this magazine. something goes amuck, well, I suggest you venture. We might just discover that nei- As you might suspect, each of these situa- rearrange your body armour to cover places ther of us is as scary/snobby/pushy/irre- tions is different, but that doesn’t prevent the other than your chest. sponsible/ authoritarian/inconsiderate/ig- inquirers from often coming up with the same 3. I think one of the biggest gripes police serv- norant as we thought. remedy — training, training and more training. ices have about dealing with the mentally ill 7. Safety is always the bottom line, for both you It’s enough to make your eyes glaze over. is the time and expense involved. If you want and the mentally ill person. Increased knowl- There’s plenty of training that needs to be to handle these situations as effectively and edge and skills means increased safety. done on many subjects — technology, organ- efficiently as possible, you have to know 8. If you’re going to spend a bunch of your time ized crime, leadership and investigation tech- what’s going on and the best techniques to doing something, you might want to develop niques, how to get DNA from a banana (I actu- use. If you don’t... some policy on it. In order to do that, you ally went to a presentation on that last year) — 4. ... you can make things worse. It’s everyone’s have to know what works and what doesn’t. so how do you justify teaching police officers worst nightmare that what starts out as an Trial and error isn’t always the best way (the about mental illness? After all, working with the innocuous encounter will end up in some ‘error’ part is particularly problematic). mentally ill isn’t exactly hardcore police work. kind of violence. The fact is that mentally ill 9. Basic decency comes in here somewhere too. Ah, I am so glad you asked! Please — allow individuals don’t always respond the same The fact is that these are sick people — peo- me to enlighten you! Here’s the top ten reasons way as other people. There are ways to deal ple with an illness. They deserve to be treated for ensuring everyone has basic training to work with them that reduce the chances of anyone fairly and with respect, preferably by the with mentally ill individuals: getting hurt — but you need to know about mental health system, but somehow, you 1. Not to state the obvious, but it just makes these techniques in order to use them. have all become an adjunct to that system. 10. Frontline officers want this training and say that they need it. Spousal abuse rates drop slightly Convinced? I hope so. Take the plunge — it just might pay off. Spousal homicide and abuse rates appear Survey on victimization, and several provin- to be falling but the problems are still sig- cial surveys on related topics. Dr. Dorothy Cotton has been practicing nificant, especially among aboriginals and The 1993 StatsCan survey of 12,300 psychology for more than 20 years, providing young women, says a federal agency on the women found that 51 per cent of Canadian service for “adults of all ages.” She can be status of women. women had experienced at least one incident reached at [email protected]. Police data suggests 26 per cent fewer of physical or sexual violence since age 16, women died at the hands of a spouse from based on assaults as defined by the Criminal 1993 to 2000, while 39 per cent fewer men Code. Almost 60 per cent of those were vic- were killed in the same period, says a report tims of more than one such incident. released in December by Status of Women Women aged 24 and under living in com- Canada. mon-law relationships, and young women who Spousal homicide rates for aboriginal recently separated from a violent partner, were women were more than eight times higher most at risk, the report says, adding that 21 than those of non-aboriginal women. per cent of female victims were abused dur- The report says the possible decline in the ing pregnancy, and men who abused them were severity of spousal assault, as well as the de- are among the most violent. crease in spousal homicide, may be a result of Low income and alcohol abuse by male improved social interventions such as shelters. partners were also linked to higher rates of However, the document adds that it is still assaults, it says. too early to draw any conclusions on the ques- Three previous studies on the economic tions of whether violence against women has effects of violence against women are men- actually decreased and whether efforts have tioned in the report, indicating the cost to Ca- made a difference. nadian society is between $1.5 billion to $4.2 In almost all provinces and territories, billion a year. homicides of women outnumbered homi- There are also serious psychological and cides of men by at least two to one, says social impacts that are not as easy to meas- the report. ure, the report says. The study, entitled Assessing Violence There were issues surrounding the Against Women: A Statistical Profile, gath- method of data collection, such as reliance on ered statistics from various sources, includ- telephones and the use of official languages, ing a 1993 Statistics Canada survey on vio- which excluded some lower-income women, lence against women, a 1999 General Social aboriginal women and immigrant women.

March 2003 28 On the million dollar road again US tests border ID by Mark Reesor systems “I have video-tape of him. He walked before his first birth- Durham Regional The US Immigration and Naturaliza- day, he used to throw a ball tion Service (INS) is testing ID cards with Police Sergeant around the living room with me, John Keating is encrypted digital photos, signatures, bio- he’d say ‘daddy get ball, daddy hitting the road graphical information and fingerprints at get ball,’ then he couldn’t again to raise say ball, he couldn’t say three border crossings and airports. money to daddy, he wouldn’t look The testing has been successful in stop- combat autism. at you. All the mile- ping many counterfeit attempts and the The father stones he reached, he cards will be required over the next year at of a nine-year-old lost overnight. It’s so the 100 most porous entry points. For ex- autistic son, Keating pedalled devastating, especially in ample, the machines weren’t fooled by peo- more than 11,000 kilometres my case. ple with similar appearances, catching 150 over 83 days in 2001, travelling “My little boy was 18 people, including a woman using her twin from New York City to San Di- months old, my girl was sister’s card. ego, CA for Cycle USA (Cycle to born — I had the millionaire’s The limitation of the system is that the Understand and Solve Autism). His family, I worked on the police efforts raised over one million dol- database only includes Canadian and Mexi- department for 15-years... and then all of a sud- lars (US). can resident and US permanent residents. den, six months later, you go from on top of Keating is now planning on riding across All ports of entry should have biometric ma- the world to devastation, just overnight.” Canada and this time he’ll have some company. chine equipment installed by 2004. As much as he fights for a cure for autism, The INS will have to use a single data- Luc Vandermeeren, who has a 10 year-old au- “I’ll never love him any more than I love him tistic daughter, will ride with him. The pair plan base that can be shared with other agen- today,” says Keating. “He’s perfect just the way to leave British Columbia July 5 and finish up cies. Passports from foreign countries will he is... that’s what (the ride) taught me, uncon- in Newfoundland Aug. 19, with stops along the be required to use biometrics as well. Pri- ditional love for him. I want to see his life im- way at events across the country. vacy concerns, rival technology standards prove steadily... and I know it will happen The goal is to raise one million dollars to through research but if, for some reason, noth- and expenses have led other US govern- fight autism, which is estimated to strike one ing changes, I won’t love him any less.” ment agencies to decide against adopting in every 250 children and is the third most com- biometrics. mon developmental disability. Despite this, The system would be the first time the most people don’t even know what it is and Officers willing to work as route coordinators or escort officers are asked to contact Ron Harrison at US government has used machines that less money is raised to research and fight it than [email protected] or call 905 426-1991. track identifying aspects of the human body any other major disability. Those willing to help fundraise can contact Kim Carnegie on a widespread basis. Keating says he received a great response at 905 579-1520, x5656. from police in his ride across the US — “we have a wonderful brotherhood and they were just wonderful to all of us throughout the jour- ney... and came out in droves to support me” — and is hoping for a similar show of support from Canadian officers. “We need volunteers to do police escorts as I cycle through major towns and cities, help coordinate routes... and one from every service to be a fund-raiser, signing up pledges.” Riding such a long distance is going to again present a challenge but Keating refuses to call it difficult. “My little boy is nine-years-old and he can’t ride a bicycle and neither can a lot of kids and adults with autism. They’ll never ride a bicycle and, to me, that’s difficulty. Riding a bike (for me) isn’t difficult... not when you compare it to living every day with autism and not being able to do so many things... “Those of us without any mental or physi- cal disability, we can hardly complain that any- thing’s difficult in our life,” he says. “Six out of ten of these people will never speak a word in their life.” Autism is a developmental disability that typically appears during the first three years of life and results from a neurological disorder that impacts the development of social interaction and communication skills. This makes it hard for those with the disorder to communicate with others and relate to the outside world. Keating says his son was born completely normal on his due date, developed normally “and then all of a sudden, it just hit. It’s like your child gets hit by a bus and loses all his mental and physical abilities...

March 2003 29 Unreasonable search the product of arbitrary detention by Mike Novakowski ownership, causing the officer to think the car nothing “unreasonable or ungovernable” about might be stolen. He called for back-up, told it. Furthermore, although the initial oral state- Continuing to de- arriving officers of his observations and suspi- ments were excluded because police didn’t tain and protectively cions and asked them to deal with the YO while comply with s.56(2) of the YOA, the judge ac- searching a passenger he continued attending to the driver. The back- cepted the written statement because it was without valid suspicion up officers asked the YO to step out and ac- obtained following compliance and was taken and for a reason uncon- company them back to their police car. When at a different place and time. nected to why the vehicle told he would be searched for safety reasons The YO appealed to the Manitoba Court of was stopped is unconsti- before being placed in the car, the YO reached Appeal, arguing that the cocaine was produced tutional, Manitoba’s down the front of his pants, stated he had some- “on threat of an unreasonable search following Court of Appeal has held. thing he wanted to give them because they an unlawful detention” and the written state- In R. v. D.F., 2002 would find it anyway, and produced a bag with ment was obtained under circumstances where MBCA 171, the accused crack cocaine. the YOA was not complied with. young offender (YO) was a pas- The YO was arrested, searched and placed senger in a vehicle a police officer stopped af- in the car. He identified himself and was in- The detention ter seeing it fishtail and drive too quickly for formed of his right to counsel and to contact a Using the two pronged legal analysis for the road conditions. On approach, the officer parent or other adult but his full rights under determining police common law powers saw the adult driver pass something to the ac- s.56(2) of the Young Offenders Act (YOA) were adopted from the English case of R. v. cused. He didn’t respond to a request for his not explained to him in age appropriate lan- Waterfield, [1963] 3 All E.R. 659 (C.C.A.), the drivers licence and shut off the vehicle, as the guage. Police then questioned him and he pro- Manitoba Court of Appeal concluded police officer requested, only after receiving a nod vided incriminating answers. violated the YO’s s.9 Charter right to be free from the YO. He was taken to the station, strip searched from arbitrary detention by detaining him. The driver admitted to not having a license and questioned further. He was left in an inter- When police conduct constitutes a prima facie and left the vehicle, at the officer’s request, after view room for about an hour before being moved interference with a person’s liberty or property passing a cellular phone to the YO. He was es- to a second interview room and taken through (in this case the detention), the court must con- corted to the police car, told he would be served the standard YO waiver form and advised of his sider two questions: with a provincial offence notice for driving with- rights. He waived them and subsequently pro- • Does their conduct fall within the general out a licence, frisk searched and placed in the car. vided police with a written statement. scope of any duty imposed by statute or rec- The officer ran a computer check of the car He was convicted for possession of cocaine ognized at common law? and learned it was registered to a numbered for the purpose of trafficking; the trial judge • Does their conduct, albeit within the general company but not reported stolen. When ques- found the YO had been detained when he was scope of such a duty, involve an unjustifi- tioned, the driver answered evasively about the asked to step from the car but that there was able use of police powers associated with the duty. In assessing whether a particular Race identification taken off inmate photo ID’s interference was justifiable, “the interference with liberty must be necessary for the car- Canada’s only privately run Ontario superjail. Human-rights rying out of the particular police duty and it superjail has ended the practice lawyers and others were outraged must be reasonable, having regard to the na- of noting the race of inmates on by the practice but Thomson de- ture of the liberty interfered with and the their photo ID tags following nied there was any racist intent. importance of the public purpose served by complaints it was a violation of Nor had prisoners complained, he the interference” (Dedman v. The Queen et human rights and consistent with said. al., [1985] 2 S.C.R. 2). racial profiling. “The intent of the inmate Justice Twaddle, writing unanimously on The decision came in Janu- identification is to enhance secu- this issue, held: ary within hours of media reports rity for us and for the public safety In the case at bar, the vehicle in which the on the measure used at the Cen- in knowing who the right inmate alleged young offender was a passenger had tral North Correction Centre in is.” Thomson was quoted as saying. been stopped on account of driving offences. The Penetanguishene, Ont., said Doug Thomson, Despite the jail’s decision to remove the driver was temporarily detained when it was the jail’s administrator. race information, a spokesman for Bob discovered that he did not have a driver’s licence. The only thing that will remain on the Runciman, the minister responsible for On- The alleged young offender, as a passenger, had cards is the photo ID, last name, the first name tario’s jails, said the ministry had asked the no involvement in those offences. The police of- and the an institutional number, Thomson provincial privacy commissioner to investi- ficers involved in the investigation had a suspi- said. Given the criticism, Thomson said it was gate. Jamie Wallace said the ministry’s inter- cion that the vehicle might have been stolen, but important to re-examine why physical nal race-relations co-ordinator will also in- did not know that to be the fact and the bases for descriptors such as race, weight and eye col- vestigate. their suspicion of the alleged young offender’s our, had been included on the tags. “The goal here is just to ensure that the complicity were tenuous at best. Part of the review will include the con- ministry policies on race relations are clearly Apart from the alleged young offender’s troversial notations of white, black, hispanic articulated,” Wallace was quoted as saying. presence in the car as a passenger, the only and other racial identifiers, Thomson said. In December, a provincial rights panel or- bases for their suspicion were: The identification system is used in U.S. jails dered several officials - including an acting (i) the fact that the driver passed something to also run by Management and Training Corp., deputy minister - to take sensitivity training the alleged young offender as the first of- the American-based private corrections firm after finding ministry workplaces to be “ra- ficer on the scene approached the car; that runs the maximum-security, 1,100-bed cially poisoned.” (ii) the fact that, when asked to turn off his en- gine, the driver appeared to do so only on

March 2003 30 a nod by the alleged young offender; and unnecessary but for the unlawful detention. In In my opinion, an informed citizen concerned (iii)the fact that the driver passed a cellular the circumstances, the threatened search was about the operation of our laws and the rights of phone to the alleged young offender imme- unauthorized by law and consequently unrea- accused persons, but also conscious of the need diately before getting out of the car. sonable. to apprehend those involved in serious criminal Neither alone nor in combination do any It is true that the threatened search was behaviour, would not be troubled by the admis- of these bases justify the detention of the al- never carried out. The alleged young offender, sion of this evidence under the circumstances of leged young offender for questioning. recognizing his vulnerability to a search, pro- this case. Nor would the admission of the evi- In these circumstances, the police direction duced the cocaine to the officers. In my opin- dence be seen as condoning improper police that the alleged young offender get out of the ion, however, these facts do not negate the oth- behaviour. Whenever Charter breaches have car and accompany them to theirs was prima erwise obvious conclusion that the evidence of been identified, it is cause for concern. When- facie an unlawful interference with the alleged the alleged young offender’s possession of co- ever that occurs, it places in jeopardy the out- young offender’s liberty. Even if their detention caine was obtained as a result of an arbitrary come of an otherwise successful prosecution, and of the alleged young offender for questioning can detention and an unreasonable search. The that is something that police officials from the be said to fall within the broadly defined duties right to be secure against unreasonable search, highest to the lowest-ranking officer will be at of the police (a conclusion which I doubt), I do in my opinion, includes a right to be secure pains to avoid in the future. not see it as necessary or reasonable for the po- against the threat of one where the threat is Justice Twaddle, on the other hand, would lice to have detained the passenger, when the made when those making it have the immedi- have excluded the evidence under s.24(2). He driver had already been detained and they had ate ability to carry it out. found that the Charter breaches were more than grounds on which they could deny him the right technical and that the officers could have asked to drive the car away. The important public pur- The statement for identification without placing the YO in the pose to be served was the recovery of stolen prop- Even if the written statement had been ob- police car, thus averting the need to search him. erty, if stolen it proved to be, and that could be tained after the strict compliance of s.56(2) of The officers exhibited a somewhat cavalier at- accomplished without the alleged young offend- the YOA, Manitoba’s top court ruled it should titude towards the YO, which was compounded er’s involvement. have been inadmissible because the oral state- by questioning him without complying with the The trial judge found nothing “unreason- ments, which were not taken in compliance with terms of s.56 of the YOA. Furthermore, he sug- able or ungovernable” about the detention, but the YOA, were “substantial factors leading to gested that “a scolding of the officers for their failed to identify either the particular police the making of the written statement.” violation of the alleged young offender’s rights duty which made the detention necessary or the is scarcely consolation for the alleged young public purpose which was served by interfer- Admissibility of the evidence offender or a real inducement to other officers ence with the alleged young offender’s liberty. Although the court agreed that the YO’s to respect an individual’s rights.” That being so, I find no proper basis for the rights under s.8 and s.9 of the Charter and In his view, “by admitting the evidence, the judge’s finding. In my view, the detention was s.56(2) of the YOA had been violated, it was court might be seen to condone the police adop- unlawful. divided on the admissibility of the cocaine as tion of a cavalier attitude to the Charter rights evidence. Justice Huband and Kroft concluded of individuals” which “in the long run… would The search it was admissible under s.24(2). Characteriz- do greater harm to the public interest than the In also ruling the search unreasonable, the ing the detention as “being on the borderline of acquittal of the alleged young offender.” product of an arbitrary detention, and thus a reasonable and certainly understandable,” they The appeal was allowed and a new trial was s.8 Charter violation, Justice Twaddle wrote: found the Charter breaches “to have been the ordered, with the cocaine being admissible but The search which was threatened follow- product of carelessness in the execution of du- the written statement excluded. ing the detention was solely for the purpose ties rather than design;” they were not deliber- of securing officer safety. It would have been ate or willful. Justice Huband stated: Contact Mike Novakowski at [email protected].

March 2003 31 Intent enough for care and control charge by Mike Novakowski In any proceedings under… section 253 accused still had care and control of his truck (a)… where it is proved that the accused occu- An impaired person can have care and con- when police arrived and convicted him of care trol of a vehicle even if they don’t have the keys, pied the seat or position ordinarily occupied and control with a BAC over the legal limit. The by a person who operates a motor vehicle… Prince Edward Island’s top court has ruled. case was appealed to the PEI Supreme Court. In R. v. MacAulay, 2002 PESCAD 24 a citi- the accused shall be deemed to have had care Although the accused was in care and con- or control of the vehicle… unless the accused zen came across a person passed out in the driv- trol when the citizen found him, neither pre- establishes that the accused did not occupy that er’s seat of his truck, which was stopped at the sumptive nor actual care and control had been seat or position for the purpose of setting the side of the road. The engine was running, lights proven once the keys were removed. Thus, the lit, vehicle in drive and the man had his seatbelt vehicle… in motion… readings were outside the two hour limit and The word “purpose” in this subsection re- on, foot on the brake and smelled strongly of the Crown was not entitled to rely on the quali- alcohol. After awakening him to see if he was fers to intent, not ability. Thus, an accused found fied technician’s certificate. in the driver’s seat who fails to prove on a bal- okay, the citizen put the truck in park, shut it The case was taken to the PEI Court of ance of probabilities that they had no intention off, took the keys and called police. An officer Appeal, which overturned the acquittal and re- of driving is deemed to be in care and control. found the accused still asleep in the driver’s stored the conviction, ruling that Section seat, observed symptoms consistent with im- Proof that they didn’t have the means or ability 258(1)(a) of the Criminal Code creates “a pre- to put the vehicle in motion doesn’t rebut the pairment and asked for a breath sample. sumption of the actus reus and mens rea of care At trial, the judge concluded that even presumption. Furthermore, it is the accused who and control arising from being found in the driv- must prove lack of intent to drive or set the ve- though the citizen had removed the keys, the er’s seat” of a vehicle. S.258 states: hicle in motion; the Crown doesn’t have to prove they intended to drive. In most cases, they will need to testify as to why they were in “Credibly-based probability” the driver’s seat or face conviction. In conclud- ing that the accused was in presumptive care enough for warrant and control even though the keys were removed by a third party, Chief Justice Mitchell (Justice by Mike Novakowski concluded that (there were) reasonable… grounds to believe that an offence was be- Webber concurring) stated: Obtaining enough evidence to meet a mini- ing committed (at the residence).” The question therefore becomes whether mum threshold (reasonable probability) is all Justice Huddart, writing for the unani- there is proof on a balance of probabilities that at the material time the (accused) did not oc- that’s necessary to obtain a warrant, British mous appeal court, opined that reasonable cupy the driver’s seat for the ‘purpose’ of putting Columbia’s Court of Appeals has ruled. grounds for belief (aka reasonable belief, the vehicle in motion. It is the purpose of the In R. v. Law, 2002 BCCA 594 a police reasonable probability or probable cause) occupant, not his or her means or ability, that officer told a colleague he’d seen a man leave simply requires enough evidence to amount Parliament chose to address in s-s.258(1)(a). a van and enter a hydroponics store known to a minimum threshold of “credibly-based Although the absence of means may in some to sell equipment and supplies to marijuana probability.” In concluding that the test in cases be evidence of purpose, the fact that an growers. Three days later, at 3:30 am, the this case had been satisfied and dismissing occupant of the driver’s seat does not have keys officer attended the registered owner’s ad- the appeal, Huddard stated: to the vehicle does not, by itself, overcome the dress (obtained from CPIC) and found the It is true that each fact taken individu- presumption in s.258(1)(a). hydro meter spinning six to eight times faster ally could have a legitimate alternate expla- The main question is not whether the occu- than at two neighbouring residences. He also nation that would weigh against an infer- pant of the driver’s seat had a key to the igni- noted that the blinds were down on all the ence of criminal activity taking place in the tion. The critical issue is his or her purpose in windows. The situation was the same when house. It is equally true that more diligence occupying that seat. If an accused found occu- he checked the next morning, except now could have been exercised by the investigat- pying the driver’s seat testifies that he was not the van seen at the hydroponics store was ing officer in obtaining evidence to support there for the purpose of putting the vehicle in parked in the driveway. his application for a search warrant — but motion, evidence that he did not have keys will After obtaining the hydro records for the the justice of the peace made her decision on tend to support his statement. However, the lack residence, which suggested high electricity the basis of the evidence before her. The ques- of a key alone does not prove an occupant of the consumption, the officer applied for and was tion for this court is not what additional evi- driver’s seat was not there for the purpose of putting the vehicle in motion. A motor vehicle is granted a search warrant under s.11 of the dence might have put the issue beyond de- still a motor vehicle within the meaning of s. 253, Controlled Drugs and Substances Act. The bate, it is whether the entirety of the evidence regardless of whether the person in the driver’s house was searched and the accused was ar- before the justice of the peace was sufficient seat has the keys. The fundamental objective of rested and convicted of producing a control- to give her reason to conclude ‘probability’ Parliament in enacting s. 258(1)(a) was to keep led substance and possessing marijuana for had replaced ‘suspicion.’ intoxicated people from even getting into the the purpose of trafficking. When I have regard to the entirety of the driver’s seat of a motor vehicle. The accused appealed to the BC Court evidence, I am persuaded it was reasonable The majority of the court held that the ac- of Appeal, arguing that the trial judge erred for the justice of the peace to conclude from cused had failed to rebut presumptive care and in finding that there were reasonable grounds it that a marijuana-grow operation would control. He was in care and control before the to issue the warrant. He suggested that en- probably be found in the house to be searched. keys were removed and this continued after they tering the “indoor gardening store,” closing The observation of the electric meters, com- were removed. He remained seat belted in the blinds at night and using more electricity bined with the hydro account said to be con- driver’s position and called no evidence to dem- than the neighbours would at best support a sistent with a grow operation, takes the evi- onstrate a change in purpose. “suspicious possibility,” but not amount to dence beyond the suspicion raised by the visit In a dissenting judgement, Justice McQuaid reasonable grounds. of a male to the hydroponic store from a mo- said depriving the accused of the ability or Issuing a search warrant is justified if tor vehicle registered to the (accused), to the means to put the vehicle in motion alters the the justice of the peace, acting “judicially probability required to invade the (accused’s) purpose of occupying the driver’s seat. In his on the information before her, could have privacy. view, the presumption found in s.258(1)(a) was rebutted and care and control wasn’t proven.

March 2003 32 New CSA respirator standards now in effect by Manish Gupta

With respiratory protection becoming a growing issue in the law enforcement field, it’s important to keep up with current requirements. The Canadian Standards Association (CSA) recently updated and published a revised ver- sion of the Z94.4-02 Selection, Use, and Care of Respirators standard. Probably the most significant and impor- tant addition comes in Section Six, which has a very detailed ‘respirator selection decision logic.’ It looks quite complicated but going through it step by step provides a very useful method of choosing the right respirator, based on the hazards you may encounter. To make respirators to be clean-shaven where the face pressed breathing air meeting the requirements the process easier, there’s a flow chart that lets piece seals to the skin. Also no change to of CSA Standard CAN/CSA-Z180.1. The old you visually follow a path through a selection 9.1.2.4, which allows the program administra- recommendation, to change the air every 90 matrix to determine which respirator to use. tor to permit the use of contact lens after con- days, was based primarily on steel cylinders, Although these two new tools look intimi- sidering factors inside and outside the respira- which have become virtually extinct. The new dating, I would certainly suggest you try to use tor face piece that could affect the users’ eyes. standard reflects the aluminum shells and lin- them. In the old standard, you had to use self If you’re going to be exposed to a strong eye ers used in most of today’s cylinders. This contained breathing apparatus, not air-purify- irritant, such as riot control agents, it’s sug- should make it much easier to manage your ing respirators, for contaminants that had poor gested that you don’t wear contact lenses, as SCBA cylinders. warning (smell and/or taste) properties. It the agents could be absorbed into them and held Note, this is not a complete synopsis of the wasn’t that they’re particularly hazardous, just there instead of being flushed out by the reac- changes but only a highlight of some of the that air purifying respirators require the user to tionary watering of the eyes. major ones. Make sure you read and are famil- be able to smell or taste the contaminant in or- Detachments with self contained breathing iar with this standard — there’s a lot of changes der to determine if their face piece cartridges apparatus (SCBA) will be pleased by Clause and new material. are full. With the new standard and using Sec- 10.5.5.2, which states that, prior to using an tion Six, you can use them with poor warning SCBA cylinder which hasn’t been used in 12 Manish Gupta, CRSP, CSP, is Northern North property contaminants as long as you have a months, the cylinder is to be slowly depressu- American Product Sales Manager with MSA change out schedule. rized to atmosphere and refilled with com- Canada. Section 4 (Roles and Responsibilities): Pro- vides much more in-depth and specific details on the duties of personal in charge of respira- tory protection and those who provide support, such as health care professionals, maintenance personnel, etc. Section 8.2 (Training Records) and 8.3 (Re- fresher Training): Require that if you issue res- pirators, you must train the people using them, provide refresher training every two years and document doing so. No more issuing respira- tors and expecting the users to understand how to use them. The best way to do this is to have the respirator supplier/manufacturer come in to do this training. They’re the experts and should be able to provide the documentation you need. For departments that fit test respirator us- ers — this is something we all should do — Clause 7.1.3 A says a fit test shall be carried out at least every two years (recommended an- nually). Data was provided to the CSA com- mittee showing that the large majority of users don’t generally change face piece sizes over their lifetime; typically, if they start their ca- reer with a medium sized one, they will retire with a medium sized one. The largest number of changes, from one size to another, are in the first year after the user has had a chance to wear the face piece for a while and determine whether it’s comfortable and/or the right size. After the first year, the number of size changes are virtu- ally zero. Due diligence still requires fit testing be done on a regular basis, but every two years would make it a little easier to manage a fit- testing program. What hasn’t changed is Section 9.1.2.1, which requires people using positive-pressure

March 2003 33 PERSONAL COMPUTING When the bits hit the fan Recovering from a hard disk crash by Reid Goldsborough Cywinski, who runs a 12-employee graphics data recovery firm. Kroll Ontrack Inc. (http:// design studio outside Toronto, had a Mac crash www.ontrack.com, formerly Ontrack Data In- What’s the worst thing that could happen on him about a year ago. “The information on ternational Inc.) and DriveSavers Data Re- to your computer? It could crash, destroy your that hard drive represented nearly a covery Inc. (http:// data, and — if the computer plays a key role in month of work. If we had lost www.drivesavers.com) your business — force you into bankruptcy. that data, we would have are both larger, but after This may sound unrealistically bleak and missed an ‘unmissable’ talking with the president sensationalistic, but it happens more often than deadline for our key cli- of the firm, I think CBL just you might think, says Jon William Toigo, au- ent — and undoubtedly may have the biggest heart. thor of 12 books, including the recent Disaster lost the account.” “We cry sometimes if recovery planning: Managing risk & catastro- His story is a com- we’re not able to recover cru- phe in information systems. mon one. Cywinski’s cial data,” said Bill Toigo, who’s also a computer consultant, company had grown Margeson. This happens estimates that 50 percent of companies experi- quickly. “We were always too relatively infrequently, encing a computer outage lasting more than 10 busy to do backups regularly.” which is fortunate for days will be out of business within five years. He was lucky. A white knight came to his both customer’s and his Anybody who’s been around computers for rescue. A data recovery firm is the place to go employee’s emotional stability. Margeson cites more than a week knows, or should know, that when bits hit the fan — when you lose data an 83 per cent success rate and many other num- the way to prevent such a catastrophe is to back because of a hard disk crash, fire, flood, and so bers that put into perspective the issue of data up data needed to keep you operating onto an on, and there are no backups. loss. additional, or several additional, storage media. Cywinski called CBL Data Recovery Tech- Hard drives have a two percent failure rate, Knowledge doesn’t always mean action nologies Inc. (http://www.cbltech.com), a firm he says, and as they increase in capacity and though. It takes a confident person to own with offices in New York City and San Diego, complexity, become more prone to failure. up to their mistakes, but that’s exactly what as well as seven other countries. CBL saved all The most common reason for failure, ac- Bruno Cywinski did when talking about his of his company’s data. counting for 65 percent of problems CBL works near catastrophe. CBL isn’t the biggest or most widely known on, is the hard drive heads physically striking the disk platters. This often can be prevented. Be careful about bumping into a computer, Bank program reduces robberies particularly during the vulnerable period when it first boots. With a laptop, don’t walk around Massachusetts bank of- by law enforcement agen- with it as it’s starting up. ficials are crediting meas- cies to reward informants Fires, floods, and mudslides account for ures they implemented mid- for bank robbery informa- six percent of the problems CBL sees. “Don’t way through last year with tion that could lead to an ar- give up on a melted computer,” Margeson reducing the number of bank rest. The TIP Program is says. The data may still be salvageable. robberies in 2002 by 15 per promoted under every bank Viruses account for fewer problems than cent. robbery photo on many people think — six percent of the data Most of the measures MassMostWanted.org. loss that CBL sees. Other causes of loss in- are confidential, but they There were a record break- clude incorrectly reinstalling the computer’s include: ing 265 robberies in the state in 2001, almost operating system, incorrectly installing soft- • Branch signs: Banks posted signs at their 70 per cent more than the previous year. The ware upgrades and patches, inadvertently eras- ing files — even somebody maliciously branches asking customers to remove hats, measures were introduced to the Massachu- smashing a computer. hoods and sunglasses — the common garb setts banking industry at the end of June, 2002 when the number of bank robberies CBL’s average invoice is $1,400, in line of robbers. Not one of the more than 40 with the rest of the data recovery industry. “We stood at 89, about the same as the year be- branches which displayed the sign was see ourselves as the last resort,” said Margeson. robbed last year. fore; the number of bank robberies for the After his near disaster, Cywinski learned an • MassMostWanted.org: This web site went year dropped to 225. important lesson. “Everybody should follow a live June 27 and immediately produced re- The reduction is all the more impressive strict backup regimen,” he said. His involves sults, helping to identify bank robbers and because it was achieved at a time when the burning data onto CDs and keeping one set off leading to many captures. Many people, in- economy was declining, which often causes site. If you keep all of your backups on site, they cluding civilians, bankers, and law enforce- more robberies, notes Daniel J. Forte, presi- can be lost in a fire along with your hard-disk ment officials, reportedly use the site as their dent and CEO of the Massachusetts Banking data. You should also periodically test your back- home page. “We thought it would be suc- Association (MBA). The FBI also announced ups to ensure the data on them is accessible. over that period that it would no longer focus If you can’t access data from your hard cessful but no one knew that it would be- on single robberies by note passers so it could drive, and you have reliable backups, you can come the success it is today,” says Bill concentrate more resources on fighting ter- first try using data recovery software such as Brooks, deputy chief of the Wellesley Po- rorism, he adds, which would normally also Norton Utilities. If you don’t have reliable back- lice Department, one of the key developers trigger more robberies. ups, you should weigh the value of the data. In of the site. News organizations also now use The measures were the brainchild of a some cases, using recovery software can later the site on a regular basis, he adds, and it special task force, the Bank Robbery Work- make it more difficult for a data recovery firm to do its work. now features other wanted criminals in ad- ing Group, which was formed by the MBA to dition to bank robbers. recommend ways of reducing robberies. Reid Goldsborough is a syndicated columnist and • Mass Most Wanted TIP program: A state- For more on the Bank Robbery Working Group author of the book Straight Talk About the Information wide informant program to which dozens program, contact communications director Superhighway. He can be reached at:— of banks contributed. The money is used Bruce Spitzer ([email protected]). [email protected].

March 2003 34 Authorities in Virginia said in January a has mutilated himself. While serving a four-year immediate danger, but they could have been,” masked man suspected of robbing a bank fled sentence for armed robbery, Hebert cut off his LaFreniere was quoted as saying. the building with several thousand dollars — other big toe and a finger. but then dropped several 100 dollar bills as he *** tried to stuff the money in his pockets. *** Emergency squads in Quebec racing to a Police said he then realized that he had Two Ontario Provincial Police officers were report of anthrax in a mailbox were surprised locked his keys inside his getaway car and be- about to risk their lives in January to save what to find instead that it was a one kilogram pack- gan beating on the window with a piece of appeared to be a partially-submerged age of cocaine delivered to the wrong place. wood. That drew the attention of onlookers, snowmobiler, only to learn the person was ac- “It was placed in a postal multi-box, very who began chasing him. tually a fire department training dummy. precisely in the box of a particular person,” Sheriffs said he then tried to shoot them — The incident happened in Peterborough in Quebec provincial police spokesman Daniel Lamirande was quoted as saying in January. but instead shot himself in the leg. The suspect the morning when three OPP officers, includ- The package, which had no identifying served nearly 20 years in prison after being con- ing an officer in training, saw what appeared to marks, was noticed when the owner of the box victed of a bank robbery in Maryland in 1963. be a person, about 50 metres out, in water and clinging to ice. went to pick up the mail. When he opened it, *** Police had responded to two emergency he saw a white powder and immediately called police because he thought it was anthrax, An inmate at a New Brunswick jail cut off calls by motorists. Two officers removed a rear Lamirande said. Police raced to the scene and a toe in January to protest his removal from car seat from a cruiser, tied it to a length of immediately cordoned off the area. Public drug therapy program. rope and intended to hold onto the seat while health officials and a special squad trained to Michael Hebert used a razor blade to slice making their way across the ice - despite the handle dangerous materials was also deployed. off a big toe to protest being taken off metha- windy and extremely cold conditions. The man and two women in a house began done. Despite the severe pain Hebert said he Spokesman Cst. Bob LaFreniere said the to show signs of illness at this time but ambu- would continue to mutilate himself until he gets officers were on shore or partially on the ice lance technicians determined they were suffer- put back on the program. when they were notified by radio that it was ing from stress. He said he needs methadone to combat a not a person, but a training prop. “The police, for their part, noticed that the heroin addiction. Hebert had his parole revoked LaFreniere said the dummy or prop, which powder resembled cocaine,” Lamirande was last September and was sent to the Saint John was outfitted with a snowmobile helmet and suit, quoted as saying. Lab analysis confirmed the jail to await a weapons charge. had been left unattended by the fire department, contents of the package were drugs. Jail officials cut off his methadone after a which had been on a training exercise. Lamirande says all the evidence suggests urine test revealed the presence of marijuana. “(The OPP) responded in good faith to as- that the package was delivered to the wrong Last January wasn’t the first time Hebert sist and do a rescue. (The officers) weren’t in place and in the wrong mailbox.

March 2003 35 Accurate fingerprinting without ink by Tom Rataj Electronic scanners are the way to go Fingerprints have been used to identify peo- the US Immigration and The platen (scanner glass) ple since Sir William Herschel introduced the Naturalization Service’s is typically large enough idea in India in the late 1870s and Britain be- (INS) AFIS system. This to capture images of the gan using prints to nab criminals in 1901. led to the recent arrest of fingertips and the palm. Back then taking prints was a simple, low- a number of individuals Some live-scan systems tech procedure consisting of applying ink and attempting to enter the include moisture discrimi- pressing the fingers against paper to transfer US as ‘visitors.’ nating optics that can au- an image — a method which really hasn’t tomatically compensate changed much in the ensuing 130 years and is Quality for sweaty palms. still used by most police forces. Perhaps the single There are two major The first major innovation arrived in the biggest problem with the scanning technologies mid 1980’s when computerized Automated Fin- traditional ink-and-paper used. The most common gerprint Identification Systems (AFIS) were method is quality. Train- is optical, which projects developed and introduced. Inked prints are ing and skill levels of light onto the finger from scanned into a computer and more-or-less au- those taking prints var- underneath the platen. tomatically classified. The image and its char- ies, as does the coopera- This is reflected back to acteristics code are then stored electronically, tion of their subjects, resulting in inconsistent a charge-coupled-device (CCD), recorded and available to be automatically compared against print quality . processed against various quality standards to other fingerprint records. Most Canadian agencies roll two sets of prints ensure it is adequate. The ridges and valleys Increasingly powerful computers and more on a ‘ten-print’ card — one for them and one for (minutiae) that make up the fingerprint reflect sophisticated processing software have improved the RCMP’s national databank, which has to be light back in different ways, resulting in an ‘im- the initial gains in efficiency and accuracy. A set scanned, examined and properly classified by a age’ that the CCD can record. of prints can now be compared against hundreds technician, presenting even more variables. The other major scanning technology is of thousands of others in a matter of minutes. ‘capacitive’ based. It uses a very low-voltage Some manual verification by technicians is still Live-scanning sensor system capable of measuring the differ- necessary, although the search for possible A number of vendors introduced completely ences in the amount of voltage stored by the matches is completely automated. electronic fingerprint capturing devices to deal minutiae in a fingerprint. As with optical, the Databases can be quickly searched and la- with these quality issues. Generally referred to resultant image is processed against various tent prints obtained at crime-scenes matched; as ‘live-scan’ devices, they usually consist of an quality standards. many agencies also regularly compare newly optical scanning module connected to a compu- With a live-scan system, a trained and ex- acquired prints with unmatched latent prints. ter running the appropriate software. perienced technician can effectively capture an AFIS revolutionized the identification proc- Most are complete systems housed in a entire set of prints in about five minutes. The ess by allowing one system to do the work of fixed or mobile live-scan kiosk that is net- images, which are better quality than those many people in a matter of minutes. Not only worked with the agency’s AFIS system. There taken with ink and paper and subsequently is it an effective tool for local police, it also are also compact mobile systems, which con- scanned, can automatically be classified and recently proven its worth in the international sist of a scanner module and laptop computer, checked against an AFIS database, even before search for terrorists connected to Al-Quida and which can be used in a mobile facility or taken all the prints have been captured. This is par- the former Taliban regime in Afghanistan. to where a subject is. ticularly useful when dealing with individuals Allied forces conducted extensive forensic Typically a live-scan device is capable of cap- that suffer from ‘post-arrest identity confusion.’ examinations of suspected or confirmed terror- turing finger and palm print images at a resolu- ist sites in Afghanistan, collecting latent fin- tion of 500 dots-per-inch (DPI), with a colour Vendors gerprints which were classified and entered in depth of eight bits (or 256 distinct shades of grey). There are numerous vendors that supply anything from individual components to com- plete AFIS systems and live-scan hardware and software. Many also offer live-scan kiosks with Women policing conference integrated mug-shot capturing hardware and software, providing for a complete prisoner a first in Kosovo processing solution. Major vendors include The first ever Women in Policing Con- ‘adopted members.’ Motorola, NEC and Heimann Systems. ference and Workshop was held in Kosovo The introduction of the IAWP gave the from Jan. 31st to Feb. 2nd. officers a new sense of empowerment and ca- Conclusion Toronto Police constables Marlene maraderie, which they had never experienced The criminal justice process relies on fin- Suddes and Leah Benham, in partnership with before. The conference, held at the Kosovo gerprints to connect individuals to crime scenes international peace keeping officers, intro- Police Service School, also provided Benham and their criminal records and AFIS has made duced more than 400 female Kosovo Police a venue to distribute the 100 pairs of donated manual processing a thing of the past. Live scan Service (KPS) officers to the value and im- boots she collected in the greater Toronto area. capture systems are rapidly replacing the tradi- portance of crime prevention as a tool in com- The KPS officers desperately need equipment. tional ink-and-paper process for the same rea- munity policing. The conference proved to be an invalu- sons AFIS replaced the manual classification Benham assisted the KPS firearms unit able experience that enhanced partnerships be- and search processes. in introducing advanced firearm techniques tween international police and the various eth- Integrated live scan and mug-shot kiosks that enhanced and developed the skills and nic communities of Kosovo. The United Na- provide complete solutions for both large and confidence of the participants. She also set tions international policing community and small agencies, allowing for previously unat- up an information table to provide informa- KPS extended their sincere gratitude to To- tainable accuracy. tion on the International Association of ronto Police Chief Julian Fantino and Supt. Women in Policing, collecting numerous ap- Keith Forde of the TPS Training and Educa- You can reach Tom Rataj at plications from KPS wanting to become tion Unit for making this mission possible. [email protected].

March 2003 36 Its great to see articles like the one about for wardens and, by extension, the public. Many Publisher’s Response: the Military Police in your February issue (Co- other agencies would, and have, simply intro- Yes I became a Level III Accident Investi- operation Combats Crime). I am sure there are duced the use of firearms as the only way of gator (reconstructionist?) in 1984 and worked a number of other police officers who had no dealing with a complicated issue. To reduce this traffic detail in Toronto for a little over 20 of idea about what they do. There are certainly a issue to one of whether park wardens should my 25 years. I had a feeling of accomplishment lot of ex MPs who are now serving with larger carry handguns is a gross and inaccurate sim- and enjoyed almost every day I hit the road, forces, and the supervisors that I have spoken plification and does a disservice. knowing I was making a difference in every with can not believe how good these guys and Steve Hess citizen’s quality of life. Whether investigating gals are. Keep up the great work. an accident or issuing a speeding ticket, I was Merv Long just life’s referee. It has long been my belief that traffic prob- I was also the street doctor, victim healer lems affect more people than any other area po- and a citizen’s guide through some of the most In your January 2003 issue, you published lice are involved in. Road rage, the collision that traumatic times of their lives. Good traffic cops an article over my name entitled ‘A pro-active slows us down on our way home after a long approach to mitigation’, identified as “an ed- shift, the hit and run to our vehicle or, worse, an virtually shine from the glow of community ited digest of the Parks Canada firearms risk injury to someone we love. That’s excluding all policing and are the lion tamers whose king- assessment review.” This article was also dis- the time spent investigating crashes or the emo- dom is between the curbs. Their targets are played on your Internet web site. Your publica- tional pain having to pull a body out of a wreck anything that stands, stops or moves in that tion of this article requires some clarification or tell a parent/spouse that someone hasn’t sur- real estate and they understand the power they of its inaccuracies for your readers. vived. have, the reasons for using it and how to wield First, the byline of the article implies that I have often wondered why Blue Line had it judiciously. the article in your magazine was written by not written many articles about traffic or colli- Oh yes! The pristine beauty of traffic po- me and it was not. The article appears to be a sion investigation, especially with Morley’s licing is a well guarded secret from most offic- ‘cut and paste’ compilation of content within background. As a long time collision investiga- ers. We don’t want the rabble crowding in so the review I edited and was responsible for, tor/reconstructionist, I believe Jess Ram’s clos- that’s why I don’t speak too much about it. Alas, and which was conducted for the Parks Canada ing paragraph in his January article says it all. Toronto no longer has a real traffic unit as we Agency by the Justice Institute of British Co- With the specialized training and skills required knew it. Their focus has shifted, attention split, lumbia. It is, in addition, not a very well ed- to investigate today’s serious collisions, colli- concentration interrupted and geographic pri- ited version of that content. Both your maga- sion investigators should be considered amongst orities fragmented. They’ve decided to forget zine and the web site copy omit context words the elite of any department or service. With rare the lessons learned by many years of traffic re- and have spelling errors that are not in the exception, there is no such thing as an accident search, engineering and enforcement strategy original. on the street. for the sake of fiscal expediency. The police Second, contrary to the information box at Ian McDonell department saves some bucks but the citizens the end of the article, the Justice Institute of Edmonton Police Service pay dearly in other ways. British Columbia was not commissioned by the Parks Canada Agency to “review the need for arming park wardens.” The report was from its beginning a comprehensive third-party review of the Parks Canada Agency strategic directions for the Park Warden Service in relation to all matters of risk mitigation for their intended duties. It was never envisioned as reviewing a perceived need for firearms but rather as a re- view of duties and the best ways to manage the risk of those duties. There are many ways to manage risk, including not conducting a func- tion that entails risk. Finally, the cut and paste summary of the review’s content in your article does not present an appropriately balanced view of the real issue, the way in which law enforcement should be provided in Canada’s national parks. This is not primarily an issue of handguns, it is an issue of the best way to provide law enforcement serv- ices. After speaking with hundreds of park war- dens in the course of the review, there was clearly no majority consensus from them on whether they should carry handguns. More important to many wardens I spoke with was a clearer under- standing of their role as law enforcers within the resource management context. The members of the Park Warden Service are among the most committed and enthusias- tic peace officers I have ever met, and in my view are in the best position to provide the re- source management expertise needed for proper law enforcement services. That being said, the Parks Canada Agency should be commended for the rational and careful way in which they have approached the issue of risk management

March 2003 37 New OPP replica Lightweight and New digital Waterproof CE watermarking Device technology

Academy Products Canada Inc. has released the updated 1/24 scale OPP Crown Victoria Cruiser. This highly detailed, museum quality, diecast replica is based on a cruiser from the Port Credit detachment. The replica comes mounted on an acrylic display stand with an embroidered OPP patch. A limited run of 1500 will be available.

Signum Techonologies’ VeriData iDem image New Multi-function integrity software will be integrated into all Printer Tripod Data Systems introduces Recon, an ex- Mason Vactron DCS 121 digital camera sys- tremely rugged Windows CE .NET platform. tems in the US. VeriData iDem is a specialized The waterproof Recon weighs in at just 17 oz _ Windows program that improves the acceptabil- and exceeds military specifications for drop, ity of a digital image as evidence in criminal immersion, vibration and both high and low and civil law applications. Quicker to use and temperature operation. The Recon features 64 more environmentally friendly, digital photog- MB of SDRAM, a sunlight readable color raphy allows the use of computer based image screen and either a 200 or 400 MHz Intel enhancement to reveal more detail about crime XScaleT processor. Designed as a modular de- scene evidence. vice, the Recon can be fitted to include a vari- ety of plug-ins enabling USB, Wireless net- working, GSM, Bluetooth and GPS. Fuel tank fire protection

IDenticam announces the new Millennium Hands free lighting printer. The printer produces photo ID cards, membership cards, trophy plates, name badges, name plates, small signage, luggage tags, key tags and promotional incentive cards. The Mil- lennium printer prints on a variety of rigid sur- faces, including brushed silver and gold metal plates. A larger model, the DCS12-24 is also available which prints 12" x 24" in full colour.

The new 5.56 mm Carbine rifle

Diemaco Law Enforcement introduces their new C8A2 5.56 mm Carbine, a heavy barrel Venmarks Intl’s FIRE Panel Vehicular Fire Pro- carbine of the C7 family. Incorporating an in- The new, patented QuikLite fits invisibly un- tection Systems are designed to help prevent fires creased barrel thermal mass and higher rigid- der your shirt pocket lapel _ and can adjust to resulting from rear end collisions. The system ity than a standard C8FT carbine,_Diemaco direct light for reading & writing in low-light encases the existing vehicle fuel tank in a cus- claims the C8A2 is better equipped for intense environments. The QuikLite combines a pow- tom formed polymer panel containing a fire-sup- tactical applications. The Law Enforcement erful LED with various battery saving features pressing powder. The system works automati- Carbine is semi-automatic, has a one in seven to provide a bright, long lasting light source. cally, has no moving parts and can potentially inch barrel twist and includes the Triad One tac- The light direction is adjustable through 90 make the difference between a devastating fire tical mount for accessories and flashlights. degrees, and is available in white, blue and red. and a survivable crash, claims the company.

March 2003 38 Calgary receives police funeral coach by Al Redford After an unusually high number of tragic deaths in 2000, the Calgary Police Service (CPS) began in- vestigating how it could best provide a proper and dignified farewell to a fallen member and minimize trauma to family members. A funeral committee was struck to better prepare the service for these sad and sometimes very traumatic times and to help organize a sen- sitive response. Much work has been done to set standardized procedures around such things as funeral services, benefits and advice to the family, honours to be afforded the member and establishing and preserving traditions that be- long exclusively to CPS. Given the paramilitary nature of our organi- zation, it was felt that the service should have a funeral hearse of its own, in a configuration that belongs exclusively to us and is related to our The new Calgary Police Service Funeral Coach is believed to be the first of its kind in North America. Since the former police van was recommissioned on Jan. 8, both the NYPD and work. Additionally, the availability of this ve- LAPD have expressed an interest in learning more. hicle would save the deceased’s family the cost of engaging a commercial coach. It was decided to use a fleet wagon that had Charlie across the sea to safety on the Isle of While the idea of a funeral coach is a somber seen active service, in order to establish the link Skye after the Highland rebellions were put one, it’s a fitting gift to the service and will al- between our work and the coach. The service down and, symbolically, our funeral coach will low us to provide our fallen members and their agreed to provide the fleet vehicle and, along carry our fallen safely away from the dangers bereaved families an additional honour. with the Calgary Police Association, pay the they faced in life. Our pipe band wears the Al Redford is an inspector with the Calgary Police $30,000 cost of converting it. Prince Charles tartan and will play The Skye Service. For more, visit www.calgarypolice.ca or call Fleet unit #91145, a 1999 Dodge van with Boat Song as the coach departs. Redford at 403-253-3376. call sign 3160, was withdrawn from service with the Child At Risk Response Team last September and decommissioned. Work was finished in late December and it was recommissioned and dedicated early this year. Each step of the decommissioning, conver- sion and recommissioning was carefully re- corded, as the coach will likely become part of our archival collection. Careful mainte- nance and preservation will ensure it’s with us for many years. The coach bears call sign 5001, part of the series assigned to the office of the chief. The light bar, push bumpers and radio remain, but the rear compartment up to the back of the driver and front passenger seats was stripped. A rolling bier table was installed and the inte- rior completely reupholstered. The sliding door on the passenger side was welded closed and body work completed to meld it with the exte- rior and interior side contours. The two rear door windows bear the Calgary Police Service and Police Association crests. The CPS crest and regimental colours appear on both front doors. Both rearmost side windows have been covered and each is fitted with a landau bar, centred by the CPS cap badge. The funeral coach has its own name, ‘Skye Boat.’ There is both a historic and symbolic reason for choosing the name, which originates in the history of Scotland. Calgary has deep Scottish roots; in fact, our city draws its name from a location in Scotland. Colonel MacLeod, a Scot, brought the first law and order to the Calgary area in the form of the North West Mounted Police. The original ‘Skye Boat’ was the vessel that, in 1746, carried Bonnie Prince

March 2003 39 Blue Line’s Coming Events are a free service to law enforcement agencies and related personnel support groups. Other persons or organizations may place their notices in this section at a price of $50 per insertion up to 25 words. Pre-payment by Visa, MasterCard or Cheque only please. Send information and pre-payment to: 12A-4981 Hwy. 7 East, Ste. 254, Markham, ON. L3R 1N1 or Fax (800) 563-1792 or E-mail to [email protected]. April 2 - 4, 2003 Fitness Personnel of ON, the April 29 - 30, 2003 geared to air crash investigation Sexual Assault/Offender certification enables candidates to Extraordinary Rapid and recovery. Contact: S/Sgt. Greg Management Issues Conference use Cdn Physical Activity, Fitness Deployment (ERD) Training Olson, (905) 830-0303 x7400. Niagara Falls, ON and Lifestyle and ON Police Le Parc Conference Centre Hosted by Niagara PS sexual Fitness Award program test 8432 Leslie St. Markham, ON May 2, 2003 assault and offender management protocols. Contact: Claire Shaw at The Southern Ontario Law OWLE Awards Banquet units; geared toward police and (519) 773-5361. Enforcement Training Association Mississauga, ON crowns. Contact: Maureen Phelan, (SOLETA) is offering ERD training Annual Ontario Women in Law April 29 - 30, 2003 (905) 688-4111, x5100. at the Blue Line Trade Show on Enforcement awards banquet. Blue Line Trade Show April 29-30, 2003. Go to Contact Det. Myra James at April 7, 2003 Le Parc Conference Centre www.blueline.ca and click on trade [email protected] SOLETA Stolen Auto Seminar 8432 Leslie St. Markham, ON show and then seminars to register. ph. (905)546-4614 or Sgt. Lisa Oakville, ON Blue Line Magazine’s seventh Hodgins at [email protected] This one day seminar teaches how annual law enforcement and April 29 - 30, 2003 for tickets or more information. to identify stolen vehicles, using a emergency response trade show, ONGIA Street Gangs Seminar variety of techniques. Go to promoting products and services Le Parc Conference Centre May 5 - 9, 2003 www.soleta.ca or contact for all law enforcement personnel. 8432 Leslie St. Markham, ON Fragmentary Osteology D/Cst Sean Baker at 905-825-4747 Call (905) 640-3048 to register as The Ontario Gang Investigators King City, ON [email protected] or. an exhibitor. Attendees can register Association (ONGIA) is offering An intensive one week course at on the web (www.blueline.ca). April 14 - 17, 2003 a seminar on street gangs at the Seneca College - King Campus LEBA Basic Cycling Course April 29, 2003 Blue Line Trade Show on April 29- teaching bone recognition from Welland, ON Communicating in Crisis: 30, 2003. Go to www.blueline.ca fragments. Contact: S/Sgt. Greg Niagara Regional hosts this level A Survival Guide Overview and click on trade show and then Olson, (905) 830-0303 x7400. ‘A’ class, certified by the Law Le Parc Conference Centre seminars to register. Enforcement Bicycle Assn. 8432 Leslie St. Markham, ON May 11 - 14, 2003 Contact: Cst. Gord Duncan, 905- Learn the eight rules for April 29 - 30, 2003 Western Canada Robbery 688-4111 or [email protected]. communicating in a crisis, what you Coping with Police Shift Work Investigators Conference should say, how to choose a qualified Le Parc Conference Centre Calgary, AB April 14 - 17, 2003 spokesperson and what the public 8432 Leslie St. Markham, Ontario Hosted by the Calgary Police Reid Technique Seminars wants and needs to hear. This half- Sgt. Carl Mason will speak on his Service Robbery Unit; will include Moncton, NB day session with media relations shift work research at the Blue Line case study presentations, Three-day regular and one-day expert Judy Pal is at the Blue Line Trade Show on April 29-30, 2003. undercover techniques, electronic advanced Reid interviewing and Trade Show April 29-30. Go to He will also discuss proposals for file management and disclosure interrogation seminars, hosted by www.blueline.ca and click on trade designing shift schedules which and victim impact. Go to http:// RCMP Moncton. Contact: Joel show and then seminars to register. support leadership and help www.calgarypolice.ca/inside/ Saule, (506) 859-2565. officers perform. Mason, who’s robbery_conference.html or call April 25 - 27, 2003 April 29, 2003 with the Merseyside (UK) Police (403)206-8787 for more. TPS Inter-Denominational Retreat Image, Perception and Police Work Scheduling Unit, will deliver Pickering, ON Le Parc Conference Centre three sessions; 9-11 am and 1-3 May 12 - 15, 2003 A time of personal growth and 8432 Leslie St. Markham, ON PM April 29 and 9-11 am April 30. CAPE Annual Conference renewed hope for police, civilian and This half-day session with media Go to www.blueline.ca and click Ottawa, ON aux. members, friends and family. relations expert Judy Pal focuses on on trade show and then seminars Canadian Association of Police Contact: Grant MacNeil at (416) a police department’s public image, to register. Educators annual conference, co- 808-8229/(416) 808-8202 (fax). who and what portrays it, perception hosted by Ottawa Police Service, and reality and how the media shapes April 30 - May 1, 2003 Algonquin College and Canadian Apr. 28 - May 2, 2003 the police image. Go to Air Crash Recovery Police College. The theme is Certifed Fitness Course www.blueline.ca and click on trade King City, ON Learning from Experience. Go to Aylmer, ON show and then seminars to register. An intensive, two day program at http://www.algonquincollege.com/ (OPC) Presented by the Police 905-688-4111 Seneca College - King Campus, pr/CAPE2003 for more.

March 2003 40 International womens policing conference More than 30 municipal, provin- cial and federal police officers represented Canada at the 40th annual Interna- tional Association of Women Police Conference in Canberra, Australia. A highlight of the event, hosted by the Australian Council of Women and Policing in association with the Australian Fed- eral Police, was the all nations parade, complete with 49 flags representing the countries the del- egates were from. Unfortunately the day was over-shadowed by the tragedy of the Bali terror- ist incident. Officers wore green and yellow rib- bons to recognize Australia’s National Day of Mourning. A moments silence was observed during opening ceremonies, which began with mounted officers from Canberra, Victoria and New South Wales, along with the NSW police band, lead- practice models and international policing. Each gion 12 (BC, Alberta, Saskatchewan and Mani- ing almost 1,000 delegates, friends and support- day commenced with a plenary session, after toba), coordinated by RCMP Sergeant Margaret ers to the National Convention Center. which delegates had a chance to select from a Shorter, and Region 11 (the rest of the coun- Saskatoon Police Service officers Shelley diverse group of training topics. try), coordinated by Hamilton Police Service Ballard and Susan Grant hosted a colourful and Two Canadians were honoured. Recogni- Detective Myra James. inviting exhibit encouraging IAWP members tion certificates were presented to OPP Con- Canada is fortunate to have a third mem- to attend the 2006 conference, which will be stable Belinda Rose for her IAWP Medal of ber on the IAWP board — Ramsay is the Ex- held in Saskatoon. Valour and to OPP Sergeant Amy Ramsay for ecutive Director. The conference’s theme was ‘Women In her leadership and vision in establishing the The 2003 IAWP Training Conference is Policing Globally’ and included professional Ontario Women In Law Enforcement. scheduled for Aug. 31- Sept. 5 in San Francisco. training on such topics as domestic and sexual Delegates attended regional meetings to violence, child protection, violence against reunite and acquaint themselves with new mem- Go to www.iawp.org for more information. women, diversity, conflict management, best bers and attendees. Canada is divided into Re-

March 2003 41 March 2003 42 New anti-terrorism operations centre opens Using $22 million in funding made avail- able under the Federal Public Security and Anti Terrorism (PSAT) initiative, the RCMP has leased and equipped a 50,000 square foot, inte- grated operational centre in Toronto. The facility, announced by the Combined Forces Special Enforcement and Integrated National Security Enforcement teams (CFSEU/ INSET) in February, will permit investigators from 11 different agencies at the Federal, Pro- vincial and Municipal levels to work together on major criminal extremist and organized crime investigations. The facility includes a state-of-the-art Spe- cial Operations Centre which will improve the ability of agencies to share intelligence and to coordinate major operations. CFSEU has a mandate to uncover, investi- gate, prosecute, and disrupt criminal organiza- tions. It has been responsible for many of the most successful major organized crime inves- tigations in Canada during its 25 years of op- eration. Post 9-11, the RCMP formed new In- funded by the RCMP. They also receive fund- According to the Officer in Charge, tegrated National Security Enforcement Teams ing assistance on a case by case basis, from the Chief Superintendent Ben Soave, “This in- (INSET) with a mandate to conduct national Province of Ontario via the Criminal Intelli- tegrated enforcement facility, this partner- security investigations. gence Service Ontario (CISO). ship, this solid foundation, is vital to shap- In the Greater Toronto Area, due to the simi- The units are comprised of members from ing how we conduct operations in the 21st lar complex nature of both organized crime and the Toronto Police Service, Ontario Provincial century. It is a local response with a global criminal extremist investigations, and the re- Police, Royal Canadian Mounted Police, York, vision, effectively challenging the threat quirements for common skills and support serv- Peel and Durham Regional Police, Citizenship posed by organized crime and criminal ex- ices, the combining of these integrated units and Immigration Canada, Canada Customs and tremism. We now have a state-of-the-art fa- under one command was seen as a major re- Revenue Agency, Canadian Security Intelli- cility, an enhanced partnership commitment, quirement for efficient and effective operations. gence Service, Federal Department of Justice and most important, a critical mass of expe- CFSEU and INSET are administered and and the Provincial Crown Prosecution Service. rienced, motivated investigators.”

March 2003 43 National Youth Justice Policing Award The Department of Justice, in • preventing crime by addressing of youth through positive po- collaboration with the Canadian the circumstances underlying a lice/youth activities Association of Chiefs of Police young person’s offending behav- 3. Achieving one or more of the (CACP), are presenting the Min- iour following goals: ister of Justice National Youth Jus- • rehabilitating youth who commit · fostering respect for societal tice Policing Award for 2003 at the offences and reintegrating them values CACP annual conference Aug. 24- into society · emphasizing responsibility to 28 in Halifax, Nova Scotia. • ensuring that a young person is the victim and the community Meaningful change can occur subject to meaningful conse- · helping youth understand the when police officers creatively ap- quences to promote the long term impact of their actions and con- proach individual and community protection of the public nect the offence to its conse- problems and develop and imple- quences ment innovative solutions in close Police play a significant role in · encouraging parental, family collaboration with community effectively implementing this new and community involvement members. Many officers deal with legislation and the broader initia- in rehabilitating and reintegrat- young persons outside the formal tive, which recognizes and respects ing youth court system in innovative and their discretion and encourages con- · assisting particularly disadvan- creative ways. The award high- and alternatives that foster respect, structive partnership approaches in- taged groups or communities lights innovative measures initi- emphasize responsibility to the vic- volving communities, victims, the 4. Using community-based re- ated by police officers, individu- tim and the community, help young youth, families and others in ad- sources as alternatives to the ally or as a team, and increases people understand the impact of their dressing youth crime. formal court process awareness within the police and actions and shows them a clear con- Police efforts to develop and wider community of the new meas- nection between the offence and its Criteria for award implement creative approaches as- ures and possibilities for activity consequences. Four factors will be taken into sisting children under the age of inherent in the proposed Youth account in selecting the winner and twelve experiencing troubled cir- Criminal Justice Act. Purpose of award runners up: cumstances will also be considered. The act places a high priority on The award also recognizes the 1. Innovation and creativity police officers using their discretion efforts of officers undertaking their 2. Effectively using: The deadline for nominations is April to address youth offending outside work in a manner that reflects, pro- · police discretion 8, 2003. For a copy of the nomination the formal court system through motes and is consistent with the · discussions form, go to: warnings, cautions and referrals to spirit and goals of the govern- · community-based alternatives to ·http://www.canada.justice.gc.ca/Youth other agencies. It encourages them ment’s initiative, which is based on custody ·e-mail: [email protected] to use community-based sentences three key directions: · rehabilitation and reintegration ·fax: (613) 954-3294

March 2003 44

Happiness is a warm, unregistered 4-by-4 by Jeffrey Miller drive, how you drive it. Big Brother assumes you’re a criminal, gotta keep his eye on you. “The number of drunk drivers dying at the Or like I’m going to let my 12-year-old wheel has increased after years of decline...” daughter drive when I’m not in the car with her. Okay, so she goes six or eight blocks on “Prime Minister Jean Chretien blamed the prov- her own to her friend’s place, or to the inces and gun lobbyists yesterday for massive Canadian Tire to pick me up some cost overruns in the federal fire-arms registry...” ammo. She’s as good a driver as I am. Better. I trained her up, didn’t I? — Side-by-side lead stories What is this, Afghanistan? front page, Then there’s those antique vehicles, The Globe & Mail you know, like the Model T’s and Model Dec. 5, 2002 A’s. It’s all just for show, T and A, get it? Anyways, they barely make it past 25 miles Therefore let no man talk to me of other per hour - excuu-use me!. . . 40 kilometres expedients:... of being a little cautious not to for all of you down there in the central sell our country and conscience for nothing. Canuckistan - and these guys already spend a — Jonathan Swift, fortune on the upkeep of the things. “A Modest Proposal” Registration’s like making them pay a fine for preserving our natural history. Personally, I don’t see why we register cars. I mean, you think they’re going to get drunk It’s just another form of taxation. And they Anyways, get real, brother! Cars don’t kill peo- or something and wrap one of those little collec- don’t use the money for anything useful, like tor’s items around a moose off the 401? building more expressways or finding loopholes ple. Drivers do. Also, take your farmers and your hunters Serves the moose right, you ask me. in the Kyoto climate accord. No, instead, every I mean, I’m a law-abiding citizen. But I’m dime’s sucked up by this insatiable bureauc- and your First Nations. Even if some of them are dipsomaniacs on radials, they need to drive not registering my cars any more. Civil diso- racy with its Byzantine regulations and confus- bedience, I say, against gross injustice. ing forms. for their work, don’t they? Would you prefer it if they were all on the And if the police come and rough me up Those forms! If you fill in one little thing about it, I’ll tell them to charge themselves with that doesn’t fit their bureaucratic formula, it can dole, supported by the taxpayers, instead of paying taxes? assault. It’s the law, isn’t it? They can’t just pick screw up your life for days. There you are, you and choose what laws they want to obey, po- have to take the bus with all the no-hopers, your Okay, so maybe some of them are net ben- eficiaries of the tax system, but still, if they can’t lice or not. Look, doing whatever you feel new 4-by-4 might as well be up on blocks over like is what makes this country great, eh? Why the next two days. get the old bus registered, or they can’t afford to, it’s taking bread out of their mouths, isn’t it? should I suffer just because somebody else runs And then, to kill the commuting time, you over your city-slicker children? have to read the newspaper, and it’s full of sto- And if the farmer can’t farm and the hunter can’t hunt, everybody else starves too, even Freedom to burn fossil fuels is part of our ries about drunk driving and car-jackings and God-given and constitutional rights - cough, rear-enders on the 401. I mean, duh! Does reg- those eastern liberals who never had their sus- pension shot to hell by gopher holes on the drive cough! And the way the government screws istering your car stop any of that, my dear up bit time on motor vehicle regulation, that Watson? Gimme a break. to the mailbox. So what good is registering motor vehicles, proves it’s a bad idea, doesn’t it? I mean, that’s I mean, jeez, it’s common sense. You don’t plain logic, ain’t it? need to register a bike, do you, but they’re just I ask you, if people are starving? They’re dead from hunger, they won’t be driving anything as lethal, aren’t they? Run you right down, and © 2003 Burden of Proof Research Inc. Reprinted, with on the sidewalk, too. anyways, eh? the author’s permission, from The Lawyers Weekly. All And does registration stop car theft? Heck, The whole vehicle registration system, it’s an rights reserved. Jeffrey Miller is the author, most recently, they hardly ever recover your vehicle, or if they invasion of your personal privacy and integrity. of Ardor in the Court: Sex and the Law. Website: do, it’s a write-off. The criminals just file off They keep track of where you live, what you www.jeffreymiller.ca. the serial numbers, or chop the car up for parts. I mean, what are we paying extra for, on top of the dealer prep, shipping, insurance, upkeep? The registration system costs way too much, with no discernable results. It’s just jobs for all 911 Unity 40 KEYper Systems 11 the politicians’ friends. Another central Advanced Interactive Systems 35 Laser Labs 13 Canuckistan conspiracy. Blue Links 33 Maritime Services Police & Security 35 Mind you, my wife’s brother works at Mo- Blue Line Reading Library 47 MicroSurvey Software 43 tor Vehicle Registration. But he’s the excep- Blue Line Trade Show 2, 48 MSA Canada 45 tion, eh?, the good kind of bureaucrat. BMW Motorcycles 13 Nine-One-One Outerwear 15 But I mean, no matter what they do, drunk CALEA 5 Panasonic Canada 4 driving’s on the rise again, isn’t it? I heard that Canada Law Book 25 Pelican Products 7 on the television. So if all these roadside checks Canadian Medic Alert 17 Savage Arms Inc 31 and MADD and SADD and “bad boys, bad Canadian Tactical Ltd 27 SIGARMS 8 boys” don’t stop the drunks, what’s the point Dalhousie University 19 Tetragon Tasse 23 of registration and having to pay more and more Harley Davidson 2, 44 Treck Hall 41 for it every year? Henry’s 40 Triform Business Systems 27 They’re even making you go for those pol- Hi-Tec Intervention 25 Westervelt College 39 lution checks now, for another 40 bucks, mini- John E. Reid 29 York Region Police 37 mum. Twenty times that if they claim your ex- haust system or converter’s had the biscuit. They’re in bed with the garages, you know.

March 2003 46 March 2003 47 March 2003 48