DOCSLIB.ORG

Racism, Xenophobia and Structural Discrimination in Sports Country

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Racism, Xenophobia and Structural Discrimination in Sports Country ® Racism, xenophobia and structural discrimination in sports Country report Germany Mario Peucker european forum for migration studies (efms) Bamberg, March 2009 Table of Content 1. Executive summary ...........................................................................4 2. Political and social context ...............................................................7 3. Racist incidents.................................................................................9 3.1. Racist incidents in organised men's amateur adult sport................9 3.2. Racist incidents in men's professional adult sport........................14 3.3. Racist incidents in organised women's amateur adult sport.........19 3.4. Racist incidents in women's professional adult sport...................19 3.5. Racist incidents in organised children's and youth sport .............20 4. Indirect (structural) racial/ethnic discrimination ............................21 4.1. Structural discrimination in all sports ..........................................21 4.2. Structural discrimination in the three focus sports .......................26 4.2.1. Organised men's amateur sport 26 4.2.2. Men's professional sport 29 4.2.3. Organised women's amateur sport 29 4.2.4. Women’s professional sport 30 4.2.5. Organised children's and youth sport 30 4.2.6. Media 31 5. Regulations and positive initiatives (good practice) ........................32 5.1. Regulations preventing racism, anti-Semitism and ethnic discrimination in sport ........................................................................32 5.2. Models of good practice .............................................................37 6. Conclusions.....................................................................................48 7. Annexes ..........................................................................................51 7.1. Contact List of National Sports Federations .................................51 7.2. Statistical data.............................................................................54 7.3. Interviews ...................................................................................68 7.4. Court, specialised body or tribunal decisions ..............................82 7.5. Positive initiatives .......................................................................91 7.6. List of sources ...........................................................................115 This report was compiled in early 2009 on behalf of the EU Agency for Fundamental Rights (FRA) within the framework of the EU-wide Racism and Xenophobia Network (RAXEN). The structure and style of the report are based on the guidelines provided by the FRA. The report tries to avoid any subjective or unsubstantiated statements. Where it contains opinions and/or personal assessments, it expresses only the author’s opinion and does not necessarily reflect the position of the FRA or the efms. © european forum for migration studies (efms) Katharinenstr. 1 96052 Bamberg www.efms.de Published in October 2010 3 1. Executive summary [1]. In Germany, racism, xenophobia and anti-Semitism in sports are predominately perceived as problems in football. With only very few exceptions all racist incidents in sports were reported in men’s and (to a lower degree) youth football. Racist and anti-Semitic behaviour of fans and spectators directed towards players and/or fans of the opposing team constitutes the most common manifestation of racism, though additional forms, such as racist and xenophobic harassments and insults between players, have also been reported. In particular players with dark skin and of non-German origin and, on team level, migrant football clubs are the targets of racist behaviour in professional and amateur football. Experts unanimously agree that in recent years openly displayed forms of racism have become less common in professional football leagues and shifted towards lower (amateur) leagues. [2]. Various incidents and expert assessments indicate a strong connection between racism and right-wing extremism in football. Right-wing extremist and neo-Nazi groups have been trying to misuse football in and around the stadiums as a platform for their political agitation and propaganda. These political strategies of right-wing extremists also include attempts to infiltrate football clubs by assuming official positions and by founding their own ‘nationalistic’ sport clubs. These phenomena occur not only in football, but also in other sports. [3]. Despite the lack of official national statistics, there is a broad consensus that migrants are under-represented in sport clubs – as member and, even more so, as coaches, officials and fans. Whereas in some sports (e.g. football) male migrants have a high participation rate and are even over- represented in some regions, migrant girls and women, in particular Muslim girls, are strongly under-represented in organised sport. Politicians as well as experts agree that one of the reasons for this low participation rate is the lack of intercultural awareness of many German sport clubs and their often deficient adaptation to a multi-ethnic clientele. Socio-economic aspects do not appear to play a very decisive explanatory role. Legal regulations that limit the participation of migrants in sports do exist in some sports (e.g. in certain football leagues), but are generally not regarded as a significant access barrier. [4]. In football, empirical evidence points to at least three forms of (structural) discrimination: • Sport tribunals tend to impose stiffer sanctions against migrant players than against non-migrant players – for the same type of offence. • Migrant football clubs sometimes face obstacle and difficulties in finding adequate training facilities. 4 • Young migrant players in amateur football sometimes encounter barriers of (structural) discrimination within the football club (e.g. coaches’ nomination of players) hampering their football career. [5]. The representation of migrants and ethnic minorities in sport journalism appears to be very low. This general assessment has been expressed by media experts and is supported by the findings of a recent survey on the participation of journalists with a migration background in German newspapers, which showed a strong under-representation of migrant journalist in general and in area of sport in particular. [6]. Legally binding regulations preventing racism, anti-Semitism and ethnic discrimination in sport are not very common in Germany – with the main exception being the area of football and the general anti-discrimination act (AGG), which also bans discrimination in the access to publicly available goods and services, including access to sport clubs. In addition to various non-binding declarations and position papers of various political actors and sport federations that condemn racism in sport and call for more participation of migrants in sport, some national sport federations have explicit anti-racism paragraphs in their statutes. Neither the national handball federation (DHB) nor the national athletics federation (DLV) have introduced such explicit articles into their statutes. However, in German handball the anti-racism provisions of the international and European handball federations are directly applicable, and in athletics, all DLV coaches are obliged to comply with principles of non-discrimination and neutrality according to a “codex of honour” which is a binding element of their work contracts. [7]. Several relevant provisions have been introduced by the German Football Federation (DFB). In addition to an article in the DFB’s statutes that emphasises the federation’s commitment against racism, xenophobia and discrimination, the DFB enhanced its binding provisions on sanctioning players and football clubs for racist or discriminatory behaviour of their fans, players, officials and other members (Rechts- und Verfahrensordnung). These 2006 amendments were introduced in compliance with the respective FIFA requirements. The DFB also incorporated an anti-racism paragraph in their non-binding model provisions on security in football stadiums (Musterstadienordnung), which seeks to assist clubs in implementing regulations that ban the display and expression of racist, xenophobic or discriminatory slogans or symbols in the stadiums. Also with the aim to enhance security in stadiums, the DFB has passed a binding decree according to which people who, for instance, express racist and discriminatory slogans or display such symbols in the stadium are to be temporarily banned from all stadiums across the country. Another significant regulation in football is the DFB Ten Point Plan against Racism, adopted in 1998, which offers – similar to the UEFA Ten Point Plan – federations and clubs practical but non-binding recommendations on how to preventing and combating racism in football at the ground level. 5 [8]. Numerous initiatives and projects have been launched on a national, regional and local level that aim at combating racism, xenophobia and related intolerance in sports. Many of these programmes apply a ‘soft’ integration approach with the goal to promote the participation of migrants in sports and, by doing so, foster mutual understanding and tolerance (e.g. the national programme Integration durch Sport); a particular thematic focus of many these integration initiatives is on • addressing the problem of under-representation of migrant girls and women in sports and encouraging them to participate more in (organised) sport, • developing
Load more

Recommended publications
  • National Sport and Physical Activity Policy for the Republic of Mauritius
    NATIONAL SPORT AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY POLICY FOR THE REPUBLIC OF MAURITIUS 2018-2028 A NEW VISION FOR COMMUNITY SPORT IN MAURITIUS HEALTHIER CITIZENS, HAPPIER COMMUNITIES AND A STRONGER NATION BANN SITWAYIN AN MEYER SANTE, BANN KOMINOTE PLI ERE, ENN NASION PLI FOR A NEW VISION FOR ELITE SPORT IN MAURITIUS INSPIRE MAURITIANS IN THE PURSUIT OF EXCELLENCE ON THE WORLD STAGE FER BANN MORISIEN DEVLOP ENN KILTIR KI VIZ NIVO EXSELANS LOR LASENN INTERNASIONAL Minister of Youth and Sports MESSAGE It is essential for every single Mauritian, and Mauritius as a Nation, to recognise the value of sport and physical activity in our daily lives, mental and physical wellbeing, productivity and future. We intend to use sport and physical activity through the delivery of this Policy as an opportunity to redefine our future and improve the lives of all our citizens. This Policy is both unique and timely: built upon a global review of best practices and deep local analysis we have created a ‘best in class’ policy against international benchmarks. It focuses on both physical activity and sport, describes tangible actions to address the health crisis our Nation is facing and outlines how we can create a more cohesive Mauritius through community sport. It also recognises our athletes’ essential role, our desire for success on the sporting stage and how these successes will collectively enhance our Nation’s international reputation. Sport and physical activity will also support our growing economy with new enterprises, jobs and a professional workforce. The twenty transformative actions that form the basis of the Policy provide a roadmap towards a healthier, wealthier, happier and enhanced Mauritius and define how our Nation will offer opportunities for everyone to participate, perform and benefit from sport and physical activity.
    [Show full text]
  • Staffeleinteilung Herren Spieljahr 2021 / 2022
    Staffeleinteilung Herren Spieljahr 2021 / 2022 Oberliga Hamburg 01 Oberliga Hamburg 02 Bramfeld 1. Buchholz 1. BU 1. HEBC 1. Concordia 1. HSV III Curslack-Neuengamme 1. Niendorf 1. Dassendorf 1. Rugenbergen 1. Hamm United 1. Süderelbe 1. Lohbrügge 1. TuS Osdorf 1. Meiendorf 1. Union Tornesch 1. Paloma 1. Victoria 1. Sasel 1. Hier könnt ihr die regionale Einteilung der Oberligen in einer Grafik anschauen. Landesliga 01 Landesliga 02 Landesliga 03 Altenwerder 1. Altengamme 1. Ahrensburg 1. Halstenbek-Rellingen 1. ASV Hamburg 1. Bergstedt 1. Harburger TB 1. Dersimspor 1. BU 2. Harksheide 1. Düneberg 1. Condor 1. Inter Eidelstedt 1. FC Bingöl 12 1. Eimsbüttel 1. Niendorf 2. FC Türkiye 1. Eintracht Lokstedt 1. Nienstedten 1. Kosova 1. Hansa 11 1. Nikola Tesla 1. Oststeinbek 1. Rahlstedt 1. Rantzau 1. SVNA 1. Sternschanze 1. Rasensport Uetersen 1. Voran Ohe 1. TuS Berne 1. VfL Pinneberg 1. Vorw. Wacker 1. Victoria 2. Hier könnt ihr die regionale Einteilung der Landesligen in einer Grafik anschauen. Staffeleinteilung Herren Spieljahr 2021 / 2022 Bezirksliga 01 Bezirksliga 02 Bezirksliga 03 Blau-Weiß 96 1. ASV Bergedorf 85 1. BU 3. Egenbüttel 1. Barsbüttel 1. Eilbek 1. FC Elmshorn 1. Börnsen 1. Farmsen 1. Heidgraben 1. ETSV Hamburg 1. Fatihspor 1. Hetlingen 1. FSV Geesthacht 1. HT 16 1. Hörnerkirchen 1. Glinde 1. Inter 2000 1. Kummerfeld 1. Hamwarde 1. Paloma 2. Lieth 1. MSV Hamburg 1. Sperber 1. Roland Wedel 1. SC V. M. 2. UH-Adler 1. SC Pinneberg 1. SC Wentorf 1. VfL 93 1. TBS-Pinneberg 1. Schwarzenbek 1. Wandsetal 1. Bezirksliga 04 Bezirksliga 05 Bezirksliga 06 1.
    [Show full text]
  • The Portrayal of Black Female Athletes in Children's Picturebooks
    Strides Toward Equality: The Portrayal of Black Female Athletes in Children’s Picturebooks Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Rebekah May Bruce, M.A. Graduate Program in Education: Teaching and Learning The Ohio State University 2018 Dissertation Committee: Michelle Ann Abate, Advisor Patricia Enciso Ruth Lowery Alia Dietsch Copyright by Rebekah May Bruce 2018 Abstract This dissertation examines nine narrative non-fiction picturebooks about Black American female athletes. Contextualized within the history of children’s literature and American sport as inequitable institutions, this project highlights texts that provide insights into the past and present dominant cultural perceptions of Black female athletes. I begin by discussing an eighteen-month ethnographic study conducted with racially minoritized middle school girls where participants analyzed picturebooks about Black female athletes. This chapter recognizes Black girls as readers and intellectuals, as well as highlights how this project serves as an example of a white scholar conducting crossover scholarship. Throughout the remaining chapters, I rely on cultural studies, critical race theory, visual theory, Black feminist theory, and Marxist theory to provide critical textual and visual analysis of the focal picturebooks. Applying these methodologies, I analyze the authors and illustrators’ representations of gender, race, and class. Chapter Two discusses the ways in which the portrayals of track star Wilma Rudolph in Wilma Unlimited and The Quickest Kid in Clarksville demonstrate shifting cultural understandings of Black female athletes. Chapter Three argues that Nothing but Trouble and Playing to Win draw on stereotypes of Black Americans as “deviant” in order to construe tennis player Althea Gibson as a “wild child.” Chapter Four discusses the role of family support in the representations of Alice Coachman in Queen of the Track and Touch the Sky.
    [Show full text]
  • Anti-Black Racism and the Foreign Black Other: Constructing Blackness and the Sporting Migrant
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Illinois Digital Environment for Access to Learning and Scholarship Repository ANTI-BLACK RACISM AND THE FOREIGN BLACK OTHER: CONSTRUCTING BLACKNESS AND THE SPORTING MIGRANT BY MUNENE FRANJO MWANIKI DISSERTATION Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Sociology in the Graduate College of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2014 Urbana, Illinois Doctoral Committee: Associate Professor Margaret Kelley, Chair Professor Tim Liao Associate Professor Moon-Kie Jung Associate Professor Monica McDermott ABSTRACT The popularity and globalization of sport has led to an ever-increasing black athletic labor migration from the global South to, primarily, the U.S. and Western European countries. While the hegemonic ideology surrounding sport is that it brings different people together and ameliorates social boundaries, sociologists of sport have shown this to be a gross simplification. Instead, sport is often seen to reinforce and recreate social stereotypes and boundaries, especially as it regards race and the black athlete in body and culture. At best we can think of sport as a contested terrain for both maintaining and challenging racial norms and boundaries. The mediated black athlete has thus always, for better or worse, impacted popular white perceptions of blackness broadly and globally. While much work has been done to expose the workings of race and racism in sport, studies have tended to homogenize black populations and have not taken into account the varying histories and complexities of, specifically, black African migrant athletes.
    [Show full text]
  • Sport, Nationalism and Globalization: Relevance, Impact, Consequences
    Hitotsubashi Journal of Arts and Sciences 49 (2008), pp.43-53. Ⓒ Hitotsubashi University SPORT, NATIONALISM AND GLOBALIZATION: RELEVANCE, IMPACT, CONSEQUENCES ＊ ALAN BAIRNER Relevance International Sport At the most basiclevel of analysis, it is easy to see the extent to whichsport, arguably more than any other form of social activity in the modern world, facilitates flag waving and the playing of national anthems, both formally at moments such as medal ceremonies and informally through the activities of fans. Indeed there are many political nationalists who fear that by acting as such a visible medium for overt displays of national sentiment, sport can actually blunt the edge of serious political debate. No matter how one views the grotesque caricatures of national modes of behavior and dress that so often provide the colorful backdrop to major sporting events, one certainly cannot escape the fact that nationalism, in some form or another, and sport are closely linked. It is important to appreciate, however, that the precise nature of their relationship varies dramatically from one political setting to another and that, as a consequence, it is vital that we are alert to a range of different conceptual issues. For example, like the United Nations, sportʼs global governing bodies, such as the International OlympicCommittee or the Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA), consist almost exclusively of representatives not of nations but rather of sovereign nation states. It is also worth noting that pioneering figures in the organization of international sport, such as Baron Pierre de Coubertin who established the modern Olympics in 1896, commonly revealed a commitment to both internationalism and the interests of their own nation states.
    [Show full text]
  • National Sport National Food: Sports in Global Games
    S P A I N Capital: Madrid Official Language: Spanish National Animal: Bull National Sport Football National Food: Paella or Churros Sports in Global Games: Athletics and Swimming S P A I N Capital: Madrid Official Language: Spanish Head of State: His Majesty King Felipe VI Head of Government: Prime Minister HE Mr Perdro Sanchez Perez- Castejon Population: 46.3 million(2017) Land Area: 498,800 Sq km Currency: Euro Major Australian Exports: Coal, Fruit & nuts, electronic integrated circuits Sports in the Global Games: Athletics and Swimming S P A I N Located in south-western Europe, Spain borders the Mediterranean Sea, North Atlantic Ocean, Bay of Biscay and the Pyrenees Mountains. It covers an area of 498,800 sq km south-west of France. With a population of 46.4 million (2016), Spain’s official languages include Castilian (Spanish), Basque, Catalan and Galician. Ninety-four per cent of the population identifies as Roman Catholic. In the 2016 Census 119,952 Australian residents claimed Spanish descent, while 15,391 indicated they were born in Spain. The Spanish community in Australia comprises principally those who migrated to Australia in the 1960s under a government-to-government assisted migrant passage program, and their children, but also includes the descendants of nineteenth-century, primarily agricultural, immigrants. (Source: DFAT Website) G E R M A N Y Capital: Berlin Official Language: German National Animal: Black Eagle National Sport Football National Food: Bratwurst Sports in Global Games: Table Tennis G E R M A N Y Capital:
    [Show full text]
  • Nationalism and Sporting Culture: a Media Analysis of Croatia's Participation in the 1998 World
    Nationalism and Sporting Culture: A Media Analysis of Croatia’s Participation in the 1998 World Cup Andreja Milasincic, BPHED Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Applied Health Sciences (Health and Physical Education) Supervisor: Ian Ritchie, PhD Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University St. Catharines, Ontario L2S 3A1 Andreja Milasincic © November 2013 Abstract The past two centuries have witnessed the rise of nationalist movements and widespread nationalism. As these movements gained strength in Europe, sport played a role in their development. Media representations of sport recount events in a way that reinforces cultural values and this research investigates media representations of Croatian nationalism in the weeks surrounding the country’s third place victory in the 1998 FIFA World Cup. Sociological theories alongside more contemporary theories of sport and nation construction are considered. Croatian newspapers were analyzed for elements of national identity construction. The study concludes that the 1998 World Cup played an important role in Croatia’s on-going construction of nationhood and invention of nationalist traditions. This research further demonstrates sport’s ability to evoke strong emotions that are difficult to witness in other areas of social life and the direct role of sport in garnering nationalism. Keywords: nationalism, identities, newspapers, Croatia, soccer Acknowledgments The successful composition of this thesis required the support and direction of various individuals. First and foremost, a thank you to my supervisor, Dr. Ian Ritchie, for the countless hours spent encouraging, advising, and offering constructive criticisms throughout the research process. Your support and guidance have been not only appreciated but also vital to the completion of this thesis.
    [Show full text]
  • Football Discipline As a Barometer of Racism in English Sport and Society, 2004-2007: Spatial Dimensions
    Middle States Geographer, 2012, 44:27-35 FOOTBALL DISCIPLINE AS A BAROMETER OF RACISM IN ENGLISH SPORT AND SOCIETY, 2004-2007: SPATIAL DIMENSIONS M.T. Sullivan*1, J. Strauss*2 and D.S. Friedman*3 1Department of Geography Binghamton University Binghamton, New York 13902 2Dept. of Psychology Macalester College 1600 Grand Avenue St. Paul, MN 55105 3MacArthur High School Old Jerusalem Road Levittown, NY 11756 ABSTRACT: In 1990 Glamser demonstrated a significant difference in the disciplinary treatment of Black and White soccer players in England. The current study builds on this observation to examine the extent to which the Football Association’s antiracism programs have changed referee as well as fan behavior over the past several years. Analysis of data involving 421 players and over 10,500 matches – contested between 2003-04 and 2006-07 – indicates that a significant difference still exists in referees’ treatment of London-based Black footballers as compared with their White teammates at non-London matches (p=.004). At away matches in other London stadia, the difference was not significant (p=.200). Given the concentration of England’s Black population in the capital city, this suggests that it is fan reaction/overreaction to Black players’ fouls and dissent that unconsciously influences referee behavior. Keywords: racism, sport, home field advantage, referee discipline, match location INTRODUCTION The governing bodies of international football (FIFA) and English football (The FA or Football Association) have certainly tried to address racism in sport – a “microcosm of society.” In April of 2006, FIFA expelled five Spanish fans from a Zaragoza stadium and fined each 600 Euros for monkey chants directed towards Cameroonian striker Samuel Eto’o.
    [Show full text]
  • The Fc Bayern Munich Case Study
    SCUOLA DELLE SCIENZE UMANE E DEL PATRIMONIO CULTURALE Corso di Laurea Magistrale in Management dello Sport e delle Attività Motorie Corporate Social Responsibility in the Sport industry: the FC Bayern Munich case study TESI DI LAUREA DI RELATORE Dott. Gaspare D’Amico Chiar. Prof. Dr. Salvatore Cincimino CORRELATORE ESTERNO Chiar. Prof. Dr. Jörg Königstorfer – Chair of Sport and Health Management at Technical University of Munich ANNO ACCADEMICO 2016 – 2017 INDEX ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ABSTRACT………………………………………………………………………….1 INTRODUCTION…………………………………………………………………...3 I. CHAPTER – CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY 1. Evolving Concepts and Definitions of CSR………………………………..6 1.1 Criticism and Defensive theory of CSR……………………………….11 1.2 The origin of Stakeholder Theory……………………………………..13 1.3 Standard and certification……………………………………………..17 1.4 Evaluation and control………………………………………………...22 II. CHAPTER – CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY IN SPORTS INDUSTRY 2. Definition and general aspects of CSR in the sports industry…………......26 2.1 Stakeholders Model……………………………………………………33 III. CHAPTER – THE FC BAYERN MUNICH CASE STUDY 3. Use of Case Study Research………………………………………………50 3.1 Corporate Structure of FC Bayern Munich……………………………53 3.1.1 Ownership……………………………………………………….65 3.1.2 Management…………………………………………………….68 3.1.3 Team…………………………………………………………….77 3.2 Revenues and costs drivers of FC Bayern Munich……………………79 3.2.1 Revenues of Football club………………………………...…….81 3.2.1.1 Matchday…………………………………………..……..82 3.2.1.2 Broadcasting rights……………………………………….85 3.2.1.3 Commercial Revenues……………………………………90
    [Show full text]
  • Self-Determination and Indigenous Sport Policy in Canada
    University of Windsor Scholarship at UWindsor Electronic Theses and Dissertations Theses, Dissertations, and Major Papers 1-1-2009 What is the spirit of our gathering? Self-determination and indigenous sport policy in Canada. Braden Paora Te Hiwi University of Windsor Follow this and additional works at: https://scholar.uwindsor.ca/etd Recommended Citation Te Hiwi, Braden Paora, "What is the spirit of our gathering? Self-determination and indigenous sport policy in Canada." (2009). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 7163. https://scholar.uwindsor.ca/etd/7163 This online database contains the full-text of PhD dissertations and Masters’ theses of University of Windsor students from 1954 forward. These documents are made available for personal study and research purposes only, in accordance with the Canadian Copyright Act and the Creative Commons license—CC BY-NC-ND (Attribution, Non-Commercial, No Derivative Works). Under this license, works must always be attributed to the copyright holder (original author), cannot be used for any commercial purposes, and may not be altered. Any other use would require the permission of the copyright holder. Students may inquire about withdrawing their dissertation and/or thesis from this database. For additional inquiries, please contact the repository administrator via email ([email protected]) or by telephone at 519-253-3000ext. 3208. NOTE TO USERS This reproduction is the best copy available. UMI' What is the Spirit of our Gathering? Self-Determination and Indigenous Sport Policy in Canada.
    [Show full text]
  • With God on Their Side
    With God on their Side 'Sport' and 'religion' are cultural institutions with a global reach. Each is characterised by ritualised performance and by the ecstatic devotion of its followers, whether in the sports arena or the cathedral of worship. This fasci­ nating collection is the first to examine, in detail, the relationship between these two cultural institutions from an international, religiously pluralistic perspective. It illuminates the role of sport and religion in the social forma­ tion of collective groups and explores how sport might operate in the service of a religious community. The book offers a series of cutting-edge contemporary historical case­ studies, wide-ranging in their geographical coverage and in their social and religious contexts. It presents important new work on the following topics: • sport and Catholicism in Northern Ireland • Shinto and sumo in Japan • women, sport and American Jewish identity • religion, race and rugby in South Africa • sport and Islam in France and North Africa • sport and Christian fundamentalism in the US • Muhammad Ali and the Nation of Islam With God on their Side is vital reading for all students of the history, sociology and culture of sport. It also presents important new research material that will be of interest to religious studies students, historians and anthropologists. Tara Magdalinski is Senior Lecturer in Australian and Cultural Studies in the Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences at the University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia. Timothy J.L. Chandler is Associate Dean at the College of Fine and Professional Arts and Professor of Sport Studies in the School of Exercise, Leisure and Sport at Kent State University, USA.
    [Show full text]
  • 'Race', Racism and Participation in Sport Better Health Briefing 40
    Better Health Briefing 40 ‘Race ’, racism and participation in sport Kevin Hylton, Jonathan Long, Daniel Parnell, A. J. Rankin A Race Equality Foundation Briefing Paper November 2015 www.better-health.org.uk Better Health Briefing 40 ‘Race’, racism and participation in sport Key messages 1 Racism and racialised inequalities significantly influence black and minority ethnic communities’ access, participation and experiences of sport. 2 Black and minority ethnic community experiences of racism differ within and across ethnic groups. Intersections between gender, class, age and disability also influence experiences and participation in sport. 3 In light of the existence of racism in sport, it is unsurprising that many black and minority ethnic groups favour physical activity (PA) and health programmes that can be pursued away from the mainstream. 4 Race equality in sport requires a critical approach that understands the nuances of tackling different experiences of racism in policy and practice. One size does not fit all. Introduction This briefing outlines three propositions in what is an increasingly complex field of theory, policy and practice: 1) ‘Race’ 1 and ethnicity influence the way sport is accessed and experienced; 2) Responses to racial disparities and discrimination require coherent and specific approaches at multiple levels (individual, organisational, structural); 3) Race equality policies require clear thought but implementation needs thoughtful action. In outlining these propositions it must be noted that although racism in sport is a regular topic for debate in the media and, to some extent, policy, there remains a paucity of research evidence on the interconnections of ‘race’, racism and participation in sport.
    [Show full text]