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ROZ Potential of Tensleep Sandstone in Bighorn Basin, Wyoming

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ROZ Potential of Tensleep Sandstone in Bighorn Basin, Wyoming ROZ Potential of Tensleep Sandstone in Bighorn Basin, Wyoming Peigui Yin Nick Jones Matt Johnson Shaochang Wo Enhanced Oil Recovery Institute University of Wyoming Laramie, WY 8th Annual Wyoming CO2 Conference July 10, 2014 Casper WY ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY INSTITUTE Acknowledgement • Steve Melzer, Melzer CO2 Consulting. • Merit Energy Company. ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY INSTITUTE Residual Oil • Residual oil, Schowalter (1982): – Oil migration through a reservoir or carrier bed. – Remigration of oil from a trapped accumulation. – By production of a conventional reservoir. Isolated droplets of oil • Schlumberger Oilfield Glossary: Oil that does not move when fluids are flowed through the rock in normal conditions, for example primary and secondary recovery, and invasion. ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY INSTITUTE Oil Colum after Secondary Migration 100% 100% Oil Oil Production Production Transition Transition Zone Zone Water cut Increase Water cut Increase Downward Downward Natural Water 100% Water Production 100% Water Production Oil Saturation Oil Saturation Jennings, 1987 ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY INSTITUTE Oil Column Resulted from Natural Water Flooding ROZ Formation in Permian Basin Trentham, 2013 Melzer, 2013 ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY INSTITUTE Three Types of ROZ in Permian Basin ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY INSTITUTE Melzer, 2006 ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY INSTITUTE Bighorn Tensleep vs Permian San Andres • Multiple oil migration. • Hydrodynamic effects from outcrop fresh water influx. ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY INSTITUTE Bighorn Tensleep vs Permian San Andres • Permian San Andres • Bighorn Tensleep – Dolomite in carbonate – Sandstone alternated with sequence. dolomite – Oil generated from source – Oil generated in Phosphoria rocks in Permian Basin. source rock far away to west. – Oil migrated into adjacent – Oil migrated to Tensleep reservoir rocks. through a long way. – Broad structural or – Sharp anticline traps. stratigraphic traps. – Light oil. – Heavy oil ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY INSTITUTE Methodologies • Lecture review and discussion with Permian Basin Group and operators. • Data collection: core observation, core measurements, check cuttings, petrographic and mineral investigation, well log analysis, completion test results, and production history. • Select small region (35 square miles) with good data set for the first study to create a set of methodologies. • Investigate ROZ potential fairways over the Bighorn Basin. • ROZ formation mechanisms to predict ROZ fairways. ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY INSTITUTE Paleozoic Stratigraphy in Bighorn Basin ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY INSTITUTE Tensleep Lithology SB ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY INSTITUTE Tensleep Structural Traps ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY INSTITUTE Stone, 1967 Distribution of Residual Oil Zone (ROZ) • Underneath existing Tensleep reservoirs. • Around or between existing Tensleep reservoirs. • In non-commercial structures. ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY INSTITUTE Proved and Predicted ROZ Occurrence in Bighorn Basin Based on: ARI Report (2006) EORI study Base map from Ploeg, 1985 13 Tensleep Estimated OOIP CO2-EOR Potential reservoirs (BBbls) ENHANCED(BBbls OIL) RECOVERY INSTITUTE MPZ 4.5 0.5 TZ/ROZ 4.4 1.1 Hydrocarbon Shows in Non-productive Tensleep Wells, Bighorn Basin ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY INSTITUTE Base map adopted from Ploeg, 1985 320172 2920043 340 -425 ROZ Between Existing Reservoirs 320 -430 Frannie-Sage Creek-Homestead area -435 300 -440 280 -445 Elevation (ft) 260 Elevation(ft) -450 240 -455 220 -460 200 -465 0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100 S (%) o S (%) o 320139 0 320786 -300 -20 -320 -40 -340 -360 -60 IP: 56 BO, 123 BW -380 Cumul Prod: 91616 BO Elevation (ft) -80 Elevation(ft) -400 -100 -420 -120 -440 -140 -460 0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100 ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY INSTITUTE S (%) o S (%) o HC Show & Oil Saturation in a Non-productive Well 320410 44 32 320410 C L Zwemer 1 21 57N-97W-21 Bighorn Basin -10 -21 Elevation (ft) -31 -41 ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY-51 INSTITUTE 0 20 40 60 80 100 So Hydrocarbon Show & Oil property in a Non-productive Well Core Photos Oil Composition (GC) ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY INSTITUTE ROZ vs MPZ ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY INSTITUTE Thick ROZ Identified Frannie-Sage Creek-Homestead area ROZ Cowley ENHANCEDROZ 95% OIL RECOVERY INSTITUTE ROZ 80% ROZ Homestead Hydrocarbon Shows in Non-productive Tensleep Wells, Bighorn Basin ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY INSTITUTE Base map adopted from Ploeg, 1985 ROZ in Non-productive Structures (1) A B ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY INSTITUTE ROZ in Non-productive Structures (2) B ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY INSTITUTE Comparison of ROZ Oil with MPZ Oil 40 Produced oil from reservoir 35 Oil from adjacent non-productive wells 30 Tensleep Reservoir Oil 25 20 15 API Gravity (degree) 10 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 Big Polecat Little Buffalo Basin Black Mountain Byron Bonanza Sample Number ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY INSTITUTE Oil Quality in ROZ ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY INSTITUTE Operator’s Comments • Chris Mullen: Perforation interval in most Tensleep reservoirs depends on the economic cut offs. Perforation too deep will quickly cause water coning. • Eugene Wadleigh: We knew a lot of oil in the Tensleep Sandstone, Bighorn Basin had not been developed for the primary production. • Gene George: A lot of oil has not been developed in the Minnelusa sandstones from current production. ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY INSTITUTE Mechanisms for ROZ Generation • Tensleep oil generated from Phosphoria source rocks. • Multiple migration and accumulation caused by tectonic movements. • Hydrodynamic effects. ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY INSTITUTE Evidence of Phosphoria Generated Oil in Tensleep and Minnelusa • Trace elements exhibit similar patterns in the Phosphoria black beds and in the crude oil farther to the east (Sheldon, 1967). • Good agreement in both aromatic-type analysis and infrared measurements on molecular distillation fractions between hydrocarbon extracts from a Phosphoria core and oil produced from the Tensleep in a Wind River basin well (Stone, 1967). ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY INSTITUTE Regional Facies of Permian rocks Sandstone facies ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY INSTITUTE Sheldon, 1967 Structural Contour map of Permian Rocks at the End of the Early Cretaceous Epoch. A’ A ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY INSTITUTE Sheldon, 1967 Occurrence of Phosphoria Sequence Prior to Laramide Orogeny Claypool et al., 1978 ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY INSTITUTE Oil Migrated into Phosphoria and Tensleep by End of Jurassic Time ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY INSTITUTE Modified from Stone, 1967 Development of Tensleep Reservoirs, Bighorn Basin Stone, 1967 End of Triassic Oil migrated into Phosphoria and Tensleep stratigraphic traps. ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY INSTITUTE Development of Tensleep Reservoirs, Bighorn Basin End of Paleocene Stone, 1967 Laramide folding, creating fractures and faults. Previous hydrocarbon accumulations re-migrated into structural traps during the Paleocene and Eocene time. Reservoirs with horizontal OWC at that time. ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY INSTITUTE Development of Tensleep Reservoirs, Bighorn Basin D End of Eocene Stone, 1967 Intensified folding, fracturing, faulting, and differential uplift and hydrodynamic flow causing adjustment of oil accumulations and redistribution through faults and regional tilting. Reservoirs forming level or tilted OWC. ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY INSTITUTE Development of Tensleep Reservoirs, Bighorn Basin Hydrodynamic Flow D Recent Stone, 1967 Development of present hydrodynamic environment, and influx of meteoric water into Tensleep Sandstone. Many reservoirs with tilted OWC. ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY INSTITUTE Development of Tensleep Reservoirs, Bighorn Basin End of Triassic End of Paleocene End of Eocene Recent ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY INSTITUTE Stone, 1967 Tensleep ROZ Formed in East Flank of Bighorn Basin ROZ ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY INSTITUTE ROZ Formed after Migration of Oil from Tensleep to Madison Before oil migrated into Madison After oil migrated into Madison MPZ ROZ Meteoric water flushing ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY INSTITUTE Total Dissolved Solids in Tensleep Formation Waters 400000 365,000 350000 300000 Coastal Sabkhas 250000 of Dhabi of Abu 200000 TDS (mg/L) 150000 100000 70,000 50000 Ocean Water 0 0 170 ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY INSTITUTE Sample Count TDS vs. Depth TDS (mg/L) 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 Depth (ft) Depth 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000 ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY INSTITUTE Replacement of Anhydrite by Calcite & Hydrocarbon Residue (Oxidation of Oil by Sulfate-rich Fresh Water) - 2+ 2- - Ca + SO4 + HCO 3 CaCO3 + HS2 + HC Residue Anhydrite HC Calcite Pyrite dissolution oxidation ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY INSTITUTE Estimation of ROZ Resources • Stratigraphic correlation. • Log analysis for porosity and oil saturation. • Pick up pay sand (cutoff >8%). • 3D modeling porosity distribution. • 3D modeling oil saturation. • Calculation of oil in place for ROZ. ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY INSTITUTE Location of Sage Creek-North Deaver-Cowley-Homestead Region ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY INSTITUTE Base map adopted from Ploeg, 1985 Data Distribution Core Porosity log Full log suite No data ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY INSTITUTE Pay Sands Correlation A (Top of Phosphoria as datum) A’ 15 Miles A 200’ contours Log Phi/Core Phi 0.2 0.15 0.1 ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY INSTITUTE 0.05 R² = 0.7263 0 A’ 0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 Porosity Modeling Sage Creek Deaver Homestead Cowley Vertical exaggeration (5x) ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY INSTITUTE Oil saturation Modeling Vertical exaggeration (10x) Estimated OOIP In CO2-EOR Potential (MMBO) ROZ (BBO) ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY INSTITUTE 0.8 80 to 120 (recovery factor 10 to 15%) POTENTIAL AREAS FOR ROZ DEVELOPMENT • Wedge-shaped intervals
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