Environmental Assessment Report

Initial Environmental Examination for SH-2: Bhind-Ater-Porsa Project Road Project Number: 43063 November 2010

IND: Madhya Pradesh State Roads Project III

Prepared by Government of Madhya Pradesh for the Asian Development Bank (ADB).

The initial environmental examination is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB’s Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature.

Table of Contents Executive Summary ...... vii 1. INTRODUCTION ...... 1 1.1. Project Background/Rationale ...... 1 1.2. Project Preparatory Technical Assistance (PPTA) and Environmental Assessment ...... 2 1.3. Purpose of the Study ...... 2 1.4. Extent of IEE ...... 3 1.5. IEE Content ...... 3 1.6. Team Composition and Acknowledgements ...... 3 1.7. Methodology ...... 3 1.7.1. Information/ data Sources ...... 4 1.7.2. Public Consultation ...... 5 2. POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK ...... 6 2.1. Country’s Legal Framework and Regulatory Requirements for the Project ...... 6 2.2. Environmental Clearance Process ...... 7 2.3. Administrative Structure and the Interactive framework ...... 9 3. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT ...... 10 3.1. Project Location ...... 10 3.2. Characteristics of the Existing road ...... 11 3.3. Category of the Project ...... 14 3.4. Need for the Sub-Project ...... 14 3.5. Existing and Projected Traffic ...... 15 3.6. Key Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Activities ...... 16 3.7. Material required and Sourcing ...... 22 3.8. Project Implementation Schedule and Cost ...... 24 4. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT ...... 25 4.1.1. Meteorology and Climate ...... 26 4.1.2. Air and Noise Quality ...... 27 4.1.3. Topography and Geomorphology ...... 28 4.1.4. Geology/Soil ...... 29 4.1.5. Seismicity ...... 30 4.1.6. Land use ...... 30 4.1.7. Hydrology and Drainage ...... 31 4.1.8. Groundwater ...... 32 4.1.9. Surface water ...... 33 4.2. Ecological Resources ...... 35 4.2.1. Terrestrial Ecology ...... 35 4.2.2. Fauna ...... 38 4.2.3. Aquatic Ecology ...... 43 4.3. Socio-Economic Environment ...... 43 4.3.1. Economic Progress ...... 43 4.3.2. Infrastructure Facilities ...... 44 4.4. Social and Cultural Resources ...... 44 4.4.1. Population and Communities ...... 45 4.4.2. Literacy ...... 46 4.4.3. Occupational Status ...... 46 4.4.4. Current use of lands and resources for traditional purposes by Indigenous Peoples ...... 47 ii

4.4.5. Structures or sites of historical, archaeological, paleontological, or architectural significance ...... 47 5. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND ITS MITIGATION MEASURES ...... 48 5.1.1. Climate ...... 48 5.1.2. Natural Hazard ...... 49 5.1.3. Air Quality ...... 49 5.1.4. Noise ...... 50 5.1.5. Impact on Land and Soil ...... 51 5.1.6. Groundwater ...... 54 5.1.7. Siltation and Surface Water Quality of Rivers and Other Water Bodies ...... 55 5.1.8. Hydrology and Drainage ...... 56 5.2. Impact on Biological Environment ...... 57 5.2.1. Terrestrial Ecology ...... 57 5.2.2. Aquatic Ecology ...... 65 5.2.3. Fauna ...... 65 5.3. Management of Construction Debris/Waste ...... 66 5.4. Socio-Economic Impact ...... 67 5.4.1. Positive Impacts ...... 67 5.4.2. Anticipated Negative Impacts ...... 67 5.4.3. Obstruction and Disruption of Traffic ...... 70 5.4.4. Transportation and Storage of Materials ...... 71 5.5. Cumulative and Induced Impact ...... 72 6. PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE ...... 74 6.1. Consultation Method and Information Disclosed ...... 74 6.2. Compliance with Relevant Regulatory Requirements ...... 74 6.3. Beneficiaries’ Comments ...... 77 7. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN AND GRIEVANCE REDDRESS MECHANISM ...... 80 7.1. Environmental Management Plan ...... 80 7.1.1. Social Development and Indigenous People Development Program (IPDP):80 7.1.2. Emergency Response Plan ...... 80 7.2. Environmental Monitoring Program (EMoP) ...... 80 7.2.1. Monitoring schedule and performance indicator ...... 81 7.2.2. Authorities and their Responsibilities for Implementation of EMoP ...... 82 7.3. Institutional Setting and Proposed Implementation Arrangement ...... 82 7.3.2. Institutional / Capacity Building ...... 86 7.4. Grievance Redress Mechanism ...... 88 8. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ...... 89 8.1. Conclusions ...... 89 8.2. Key Recommendations: ...... 90

List of Tables Table 1.1 : Road Sections under MP State Highways III Project...... 1 Table 1.2 : Primary and Secondary Information Sources ...... 4 Table 2.1 : Permissions/Clearances Required for the Sub-Project ...... 6 Table 3.1 : Carriageway Details ...... 11 Table 3.2 : Stretches for Reconstruction ...... 12 Table 3.3 : List of Major and Minor Intersections ...... 13 Table 3.4 : Reserve / Protected Forest ...... 14 iii

Table 3.5 : Average Daily Traffic ...... 15 Table 3.6 : Summary of Projected Total Traffic Volume (Veh./day and PCU/day) ...... 16 Table 3.7 : Details of Existing Carriage Way with Widening Proposal ...... 17 Table 3.8 : Cement Concrete Lined Drain ...... 19 Table 3.9 : Crash Barrier Location ...... 19 Table 3.10 : Lighting ...... 20 Table 3.11 : Bus Stop Locations ...... 20 Table 3.12 : Stone Pitching ...... 21 Table 3.13 : List of Borrow Area ...... 23 Table 4.1 : Summary of Important Features of the Project Districts ...... 25 Table 4.2 : Monthly Rainfall data (mm) in the project districts for the last five years ...... 27 Table 4.3 : Ambient Air Quality Along the project section (24 Hourly) ...... 28 Table 4.4 : Noise Level in dB(A) Along the Project Corridor ...... 28 Table 4.5 : Physiochemical Characteristics of soil in the project road ...... 29 Table 4.6 : Land Use Pattern in the State ...... 30 Table 4.7 : Chainage-wise landuse pattern along the project road ...... 31 Table 4.8 : Catchment area of major tributaries ...... 32 Table 4.9 : Groundwater Quality Along the Project Corridor ...... 32 Table 4.10 : List of Surface Water Sources Along/Across Project Corridor ...... 33 Table 4.11 : Surface Water Quality of the river in project area ...... 34 Table 4.12 : Forest details along the project road ...... 36 Table 4.13 : List of Plant Species in the Study Area ...... 37 Table 4.14 : List of Fauna found in the Study Area ...... 39 Table 4.15 : List of Reptiles in the Study Area ...... 40 Table 4.16 : List of Avifauna found in the Study Area ...... 40 Table 4.17 : Tree along Project Road (within 20 m width)...... 41 Table 4.18 : Demographic Profile of the State and the country ...... 45 Table 4.19 : List of villages in the project road ...... 45 Table 5.1 : Noise- Sensitive Locations along the Alignment ...... 51 Table 5.2 List of Trees to be Cut ...... 57 Table 5.3 : Common Property Resources Along the Corridor ...... 71 Table 6.1 : Summary of Consultation with Government Officials ...... 75 Table 6.2 : Summary of Consultation with NGOs ...... 76 Table 6.3 : Consultation with local community ...... 78 Table 7.1 : Roles and Duties of Implementing Agency/Organisations ...... 83 Table 7.2 : Combined Training Budget for MPSRP II ...... 86

List of Figures Figure 2.1 : Environmental Clearance Procedure in India ...... 8 Figure 2.2 : Legislative Interface among various regulatory bodies ...... 9 Figure 3.1 : Location Map of SH-2 ...... 10 Figure 3.2 : Connectivity to the Project Road ...... 11 Figure 3.3 : Typical Cross section of the project Road ...... 17 Figure 4.1 : Isohyetal map of Madhya Pradesh ...... 26 Figure 4.2 : Hazard and Seismic Zoning Map ...... 30 Figure 4.3 : Drainage Map of Project Area ...... 34 Figure 4.4 : Forest Cover Map of Madhya Pradesh ...... 35 Figure 4.5 : National Parks and Sanctuaries in Madhya Pradesh ...... 39 Figure 4.6 : Demographic Status of the Project Section ...... 46 Figure 4.7 : Literacy rate along the project section ...... 46 Figure 4.8 : Occupational status along the Alignment ...... 47

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Figure 7.1 : Proposed Structure for EMP/EMOP Implementation ...... 85

List of Appendix Appendix 3.1: Inventory and Survey Condition of Bridges ...... 92 Appendix 3.2: Rapid Environmental Assessment Checklist ...... 93 Appendix 3.3: Details of Chainage-wise Existing and Proposed Design Speed and Curve Radius ...... 98 Appendix 4.1 : National Ambient Air Quality Standards ...... 99 Appendix 4.2 : Ambient Noise Level Limits (In Leq dB(A)), India ...... 100 Appendix 4.3 : Drinking Water Standards And Probable Effects on Human Health (BIS: IS: 10500, 1991) ...... 101 Appendix 4.4 : Water Quality Criteria And Standards for Freshwater Classification (CPCB, 1979) ...... 104 Appendix 5.1: Guidelines for Borrow Areas Management ...... 105 Appendix 7.1: Environmental Management Plan (SH-2: Bhind-Ater-Porsa 59.95 km) . 109 Appendix 7.2 : Monitoring Plan for the Performance Indicators ...... 130

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Map 1: Location Map of MP State Highways Project

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Map 2: Location Map of SH-2: Bhind – Ater - Porsa Project Road vii

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Introduction 1. Madhya Pradesh, with abundant mineral resources, and growing agricultural and industrial production, need a well developed road network to cater to the increasing intra-state and regional traffic. Also, since it is centrally located within the country, most of the long haul north-south and east-west bound road traffic passes through the state. Therefore, the existing inadequate and damaged road infrastructure needs to be improved on priority to sustain the economic and social progress of the state. The improved road network with good interlinking between national, state highways and major district roads will not only contribute in significantly developing rural economy and reducing poverty but also increase the road capacity to cater the high projected traffic, reduce travel time and also contribute for lesser vehicular pollution emission. 2. Madhya Pradesh Road Development Corporation (MPRDC), the executing agency (EA), is responsible to provide an integrated transport system in the state that is safe, efficient, affordable, accessible to all and environmentally sustainable. As per its mandate, MPRDC plans to improve various major district roads to at least two lanes carriage way level with funding support from Asian Development Bank (ADB). 3. To address this problem, Government of Madhya Pradesh (GOMP) has approached ADB for financial assistance for improving a total of 15 state roads covering a length of about 1081 kms under Madhya Pradesh State Highways III Project (MPSRSP III) programmed to be processed for implementation in 2010.The project also includes the institutional strengthening of the road sector under separate TA 7198(IND) which will enhance EA’s capacity for road asset development and management.

Description of Project 4. The proposed upgrading/rehabilitation of the State Highway-2 Bhind-Ater-Porsa Sub-project, one of the 15 state highway subprojects, is divided into two sections, the Bhind-Ater section in Bhind district covering 27.45 kms and Ater-Porsa section in Bhind-Morena district covering 33.5 kms. The subproject will upgrade the existing bad to very bad road condition into a paved 2-lane divided carriageway configuration with improved road geometry, proper and adequate embankment, rehabilitation of existing bridges, adequate cross drainage structures and side drains, improvement of junctions/intersections, underpasses, and way side amenities. This road design will be adequate to cater to the volume of traffic until 2030 which is predicted to increase from the current range of 1176- 2864 to 3934-19943 vehicles (average annual daily traffic). The sub-project will be implemented in 18-24 months with an estimated cost of INR 7203 Million. 5. The sub-project was classified as Category-B as provided in the ADB Safeguard Policy Statement (2009) based on screening of likely impacts and sub-project location which does not pass through or located near any national park, wildlife sanctuary, or any other ecologically sensitive or protected areas. No archaeological/protected monument is located in the project vicinity. Under the

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EIA Notification, 2006 promulgated under Environment (Protection) Act 1986, the subproject is categorised as Category ‘B” and does not require prior environmental clearance from State Environmental Impact Assessment Authority (SEIAA)1. 6. IEE was conducted based on Detailed Project Report and sub-project details provided by the design team during the preparation of this report. The IEE covers all activities proposed under the project including various bridges and cross- drainage structures constructions. The core zone of impact is taken as 100 meters either side of the alignment. However, the study area impact zone is considered up to 7 km on both sides of road alignment to allow for a larger analysis of landuse and other environmental features.

Description of Environment 7. The Sub-Project passes through 2 districts – Bhind and Morena and has sub- tropical climate. May is the hottest month with daily maximum temperature of 42 °C while January is coolest with minimum temperature of 7.1 °C. Wind velocity is higher during the summer period as compared to the post-monsoon period. The maximum wind velocity is 11.3 km/h during the month of June and minimum is 3.1 km/h during the month of November. Average annual wind velocity is 6.4 km/h. The weather remains dry for all the seasons except monsoon. During the south-west monsoon season the relative humidity is to the tune of 83% (August month). During summer the relative humidity is less than 26%. In the project districts, Morena receive higher amount of rainfall in comparison to Bhind. Highest amount of rainfall was received in 2008 for both the districts in the last five years. 8. The ambient air quality levels conform to the prescribed National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS). The air quality monitoring data reveals that SPM, 3 3 RSPM, SO2 and NOx range from 130.5 to 185.2 µg/m , 38.7 to 87.4 µg/m , 4.1 to 12.8 µg/m3 and 6.3 to 13.7 µg/m3 respectively in the project area during summer season. The 24-hourly average ambient noise levels is also found to be within the prescribed limits. 9. The project region falls in Zones II & III i.e., low to moderate risk zone. The topography of the region is mixed type with road alignment traversing through plain and rolling terrain in most of the length. The maximum stretch of the project section which lies in Bhind district, forms part of the vast older plains including riverbeds with hills and valleys. The area has very gentle slope towards northeast with high elevation of 190 m above MSL in the south-western part and the lowest elevation of 149 m above MSL in the north-western part. The project area is mainly covered by sandy clay loam soil with good organic content. The color varies from brown, yellowish brown to dark grey brown . 10. The predominant land use of the of the project districts is predominantly agricultural (nearly 48%) followed by Forests (28%). Built-up Area constitutes about less than 10% and rest is occupied for plantation, water bodies, community property resources, and miscellaneous use.

1 The EA has yet to formally approach MoEF for formal categorisation and grant of environmental clearance.

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11. There are several canals and drains cutting across the project alignment. The major rivers in the project area are Sindh, Kwari and Chambal besides, other small streams. River Kwari cross the project road near Para village while Chambal traverses parallel to the project section. The ground water availability along the project road area is poor. The depth of water table goes below 200 feet during summer season. Most of the wells become dry except in monsoon season. The water quality of these rivers is suitable for irrigation- Class D and propagation of wild life and fisheries -Class-E. 12. Madhya Pradesh is endowed with rich and diverse forest resources. In the project section about 1.8 km of the road alignment is passing through reserve and protected forest. These forests are mainly tropical moist and tropical dry in nature. There are altogether 25 wildlife-sanctuaries and 9 national park in the state. None of them is located in the project area. No other similar eco-sensitive areas is either crossed or located nearby the project alignment. Since most part of the project corridor passes through open agricultural land, large number of roadside trees is not affected considering to the length of the project road. Trees along roadside are mainly non-fruit bearing in nature whereas privately owned orchards are mostly comprised of fruit bearing trees. The project section is dominated by species such as mango, teak, neem, jamun, palas, saja, seasam, mahua etc. About 268 of these trees will be removed along the ROW. The existence of Foxes, Hare and macaque was also reported by people in the study area. 13. Despite abundant water bodies in the project area, large scale/organized fishing was not observed along the project road due their seasonal behaviour. There is no breeding or spawning ground of these species in any of the water bodies in the project area since the water availability and flow velocity is quite low and unfavourable for breeding. No migratory fishes are found in these rivers. 14. The economy of Madhya Pradesh is based on agriculture, forest products, industries, mineral resources, and cottage industry sectors. The agriculture along the project section is dominated by Oilseed (Soyabeen in particular). The state is one of the largest producers of cement in the country. The major industries in the state are- cement, Pig Iron, Steel Ingots, News Prints and Sugar mills. The total number of households in the villages of the project road is 10,953 with a total population of 63,335. Out of these, about 75% is general. The SC/ST population accounts for about 25% of the total population. The project road passing through two districts of Madhya Pradesh covering 18 villages have total literacy rate of 65.05%. The literacy rate for male (60.4%) and female (58.1%) in the project districts are comparable. Maximum percentage of the workers is in the agriculture sector as cultivators or agricultural labourers. Tribal population in the project area is negligible (<1%).

Public Consultation and Information Disclosure 15. All pre-construction, construction, and operation activities that were likely to cause environmental impacts were identified, and evaluated to assess their magnitude, duration, and potential receptors in consultation with the stakeholders. Consultations were made with the government representatives (District Forest Office, State Pollution Control Board, Water Resources Department, Directorate of Economics and Statistics, and the District Rural

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Development Authority), local communities (Bhind, Pratappur and Ater), and NGOs (Bhopal Yuwa Paryavaran Shikshan and Samajik Sansthan, Ecosake Society for Environment Conservation and Social Awareness, Green Heart Nature Club, Forum for Environmental Protection, Energy Environment and Development Group, Centre for Envirocare and Energy Technology) between April to June 2010.

Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures 16. The significant impacts during design and construction stage include the constricted sections of the roads which will be by-passed or require road alignment improvement to avoid and minimize resettlement and other sensitive structures and locations particularly in Bhind (0.00), Ater (27.32), Porsa (49.1). Since the sub-project area is having mixed terrain, flood situation may get exacerbated due to inadequate cross drainage structures and raising of embankments without proper balancing culverts. An estimated 268 trees will be removed along the ROW to allow for road expansion but will be compensated at a rate of 1:10 plantations. Short-term deterioration of air quality may take place due to increase in fugitive dust emissions and noise level from earthmoving, ground shaping, unpaved transport, and emissions from heavy equipment and other mobile sources. Water sprinkling to control dust, use of clean fuels, changing the location and timing of construction activities and maintenance of equipments will minimize these impacts. Land use conversion particularly of residential areas and relocation of structures within the ROW will only be implemented following a meaningful consultation and acceptable compensation and relocation agreements. All borrow areas will comply with national laws and regulations. Impacts from the establishment and operation of the construction camps like generation and disposal of solid wastes, sewage, potable water requirements, health/hygiene, and safety is part of the contractor’s responsibility highlighting the need for compliance with applicable laws. Waste and material use minimization will be promoted to decrease the volume of wastes that will be generated. Traffic safety to workers and pedestrian, particularly to children is considered through the strict implementation of a Traffic Control Plan to be prepared by the contractor prior to construction activities and in consultation with the affected communities. 17. During operation stage, the main impacts are on the surface water hydrology since the construction of a road crosses several river/rivulets in the flood-affected sections which can act as impediment to natural flow of water. Other issues relate to increase in mobile emissions, road safety to motorist, pedestrian and animals. To minimize the impact on the local hydrology, adequate cross drains and their proper maintenance will be implemented. Information and education campaign through the use of signs and posters distributed along the roadside encouraging motorist to properly maintain their vehicles, and proper driving habits to reduce emissions, reduce fuel consumption, and promote safety will be made. Finally, traffic control measures will be implemented to ensure safety to pedestrian. Conclusion 18. In general, the sub-project received immense support from local people with some concerns and apprehensions related to compensation for land and safety xi

on roads. The local people appreciated that besides providing an all weather efficient connectivity to large population and improving the traffic scenario in the region, it will bear out several other positive economic and social benefits which outweigh the negative environmental impacts. 19. This initial environmental examination (IEE) ascertains that the sub-project is unlikely to cause any significant environmental impacts. Few impacts were identified attributable to the proposed sub-project, all of which are localized and temporary in nature and can be easily mitigated with minor to negligible residual impacts. No additional studies or need of undertaking detailed EIA is envisaged at this stage.

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1. INTRODUCTION 1.1. Project Background/Rationale 20. Madhya Pradesh, with abundant mineral resources, and growing agricultural and industrial production, need a well developed road network to cater to the increasing intra-state and regional traffic. Also, since it is centrally located within the country, most of the long haul north-south and east-west bound road traffic passes through the state. Therefore, the existing inadequate and damaged road infrastructure needs to be improved on priority to sustain the economic and social progress of the state. The improved road network with good interlinking between national, state highways and major district roads will not only contribute in significantly developing rural economy and reducing poverty but also increase the road capacity to cater the high projected traffic, reduce travel time and also contribute for lesser vehicular pollution emission. 21. Madhya Pradesh Road Development Corporation (MPRDC), the executing agency (EA), is responsible to provide an integrated transport system in the state that is safe, efficient, affordable, accessible to all and environmentally sustainable. As per its mandate, MPRDC plans to improve various major district roads to at least two lanes carriage way level with funding support from Asian Development Bank (ADB). 22. Government of Madhya Pradesh (GOMP) has approached ADB for financial assistance for improving a total of 15 state roads covering a length of about 1081 kms under Madhya Pradesh State Highways III Project (MPSRSP III) programmed to be processed for implementation in 2010. The road sections details under MPSRSP III are given in Table 1.1

Table 1.1 : Road Sections under MP State Highways III Project

S. Road SH Length Districts Name of Roads No. No. No. (KM) I. BHOPAL PACKAGE 1 1 Bhind-Ater-Porsa SH-2 60.85 Bhind –Morena Mihona-Lahar-Daboh-Bhander- 2 2 SH-45 85.70 Bhind-Datia Chirgaon Shivpuri - Pichhore-Chanderi-Mungawali-Onder- 3 3 SH-19 146.50 Ashoknagar- Kurwai Vidisha 4 7 Manawar-Mangod SH-38 49.63 Dhar 5 9 Sardarpur-Rajgarh-Bagh SH-35 50.43 Dhar Shajapur- 6 10 Agar-Barod-Alot-Jawara SH-41 108.70 Ratlam-Ujjain- Pachor-Chapikheda-Jirapur-Machalpur- Rajgarh- 7 11 SH-51 86.70 Soyat Shajapur 8 13 Badi-Baktar-Dobi-Shahganj-Budhni SH-15 58.78 Raisen-Sehore 9 14 Silwani-Udaipura Road SH-44 28.58 Raisen Total (Bhopal Pkg) 675.87

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S. Road SH Length Districts Name of Roads No. No. No. (KM) II. JABALPUR PACKAGE 10 16 Rahatgarh-Khurai-Khimlasa SH-42 47.48 Sagar Damoh-Hata-Gasiabad i/c Hata Town 11 18 SH-47 62.66 Damoh Portion Hata-Patera-Kumhari & Raipura- Damoh-Panna- 12 19 SH-48 91.28 Salaiya-Bahuribandh-Sihora Katni-Jabalpur 13 20A Amarpatan-Gorsari-Badera SH-13 46.50 Satna-Katni Sundara-Singhpur-Kothi-Jaitwara- Panna-Satna- 14 21 SH-52 85.29 Birsinghpur-Semaria Rewa 15 22 Sidhi-Beohari SH-55 71.29 Sidhi-Shahdol Total (Jabalpur Pkg) 404.49 Grand Total (Bhopal Pkg + Jabalpur 1,080.36 Pkg) Source: MPRDC

1.2. Project Preparatory Technical Assistance (PPTA) and Environmental Assessment 23. ADB has fielded TA: 7198 IND to assist MPRDC Road Construction Department (RCD) in project preparation for possible financing of MPSRSP III. As a part of this TA and safeguard requirement of ADB, environmental assessment has been carried out in accordance with relevant country’s applicable laws, regulations and in consistent to ADB’s Environmental Assessment Guidelines, 2003 and Safeguard Policy Statement (SPS), 2009. Each sub-project was scrutinized as to its type, location, scale, and sensitivity and the magnitude of its potential environmental impacts. 24. The present report pertains to Bhind-Ater-Porsa (SH-2) sub-project. This sub project is categorized as Category ‘B’ and hence an initial environmental examination (IEE) has been undertaken. 1.3. Purpose of the Study 25. This IEE report documents the environmental assessment of the Bhind- Ater-Porsa Road Subproject and identifies the environmental issues to be considered at project planning and design stage. The IEE addresses the environmental management requirements of (i) the Government of India (GOI); (ii) the donor, Asian Development Bank (ADB), and (iii) the Project. In general, an IEE addresses the following:

o Provides information about the baseline environmental setting of the subproject; o Provides information on potential environmental impacts of the proposed subproject activities with its magnitude, distribution and duration o Provides information on required mitigation measures with cost to minimize the impacts 3

o Analyses the alternatives options considering alternative locations, designs, management approaches, for selection of most feasible and environmental acceptable options. o Provides details of stack holders consultation o Suggest environmental management and monitoring plan with institutional measures for effective implementation of mitigative measures proposed. 1.4. Extent of IEE 26. IEE was conducted based on Detailed Project Report (DPR) provided by the design team during the preparation of this report. Certain changes may occur in the sub-project structural components but these changes are unlikely to cause significant environmental impacts. The IEE covers all activities proposed under the project including various bridges and cross-drainage structures constructions. The core zone of impact is taken as 100 meters either side of the alignment. However, the study area is considered up to 7 km on either side of road alignment for larger analysis of landuse and other environmental features. Assessment is carried out for all components of environment covering terrestrial and aquatic ecology, soil, water, noise and socio economic aspects. 1.5. IEE Content 27. The IEE has been largely structured as per SPS, 2009 and ADB’s Environmental Assessment Guidelines (2003). This includes following eight chapters including this introduction Chapter. • Chapter 1- Introduction • Chapter 2- Policy, Legal and Administrative Framework • Chapter 3- Description of Project • Chapter 4- Description of Environment • Chapter 5- Anticipated Impacts and Mitigation Measures • Chapter 6- Information Disclosure, Consultation, and Participation • Chapter 7- Environment Management Plan and Grievance Redress Mechanism • Chapter 8- Conclusion and Recommendation 1.6. Team Composition and Acknowledgements 28. The environmental assessment has been carried out by the team of the environmental Experts of EQMS India Pvt. Ltd. The environmental team acknowledges the support extended by the executing agency, design consultant, and state departments/agency of forest, water resources, and pollution control Board etc. 1.7. Methodology 29. Suitable methodology was adopted to accomplish the study. As the first step, project-scoping exercise was undertaken identifying the parameters needed to be considered for the study and to outline the activities for collecting data on each parameter. Data pertaining to all facets of environment viz. physical, ecological and socio-economic environment

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both through primary and secondary sources were collected. The stepwise activities includes: • Review of legal requirements • Review of feasibility study • Reconnaissance survey for identification of key issues data requirement and preliminary consultation. • Primary and Secondary data Collection • Consultation with stakeholders • Identification of Impacts and Mitigation measures • Institutional Review and finalization of EMP in consultation with EA. 1.7.1. Information/ data Sources Key relevant information sources has been summarised in Table 1.2.

Table 1.2 : Primary and Secondary Information Sources

Environmental Parameters Information Sources Project objectives, Technical Madhya Pradesh Road Development Corporation information on existing road (MPRDC) and Design Consultant features and proposed rehabilitation work Inventory of road features like Ground Physical surveys and Strip Plans by water Bodies, Community Design Consultant structures, environmentally sensitive locations areas, congested locations etc. Climatic Condition India meteorological Department, DPR, primary data collection Geology, Seismicity, Soil and Central Ground Water Authority, State of Topography Environment report published by SPCB, Government websites and primary data collection Land Use/ Land Cover Survey of India (SoI) Toposheet, Observation during survey and Satellite Imagery Drainage Pattern Survey of India Toposheet, water resources, field observation and local people, GIS Based land use analysis Status of forest areas. Compensatory afforestation Divisional Forest Office, Bhind and Morena norms etc. Status of Fishing Activity District Fisheries offices and Local Fishermen Air quality Noise, Soil and Water Onsite monitoring and analysis of field samples Borrow Areas, Quarries and other Design consultant and public consultation during construction material source field visit River geo-morphology, hydrology, Water resources department, DPR and drainage, flood patterns, information from local people, field observations Socio-economic Environment Different Govt. agencies/civic bodies, Official websites maintained by state Govt., census of India 2001 and Public Consultation during the Field survey, through figures collected from Directorate of Statistics. 5

1.7.2. Public Consultation 30. Extensive consultations were held with all stakeholders’ viz. local and beneficiary population, govt. departments/agencies, fishermen, road users and NGOs with intent to collect baseline information, for better understanding of the potential impacts and appreciate the perspectives/concerns of the stakeholders. Information thus gathered was used to integrate it in project design and formulating mitigation measures and environmental management plan. .

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2. POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK

2.1. Country’s Legal Framework and Regulatory Requirements for the Project 31. The legal framework of the country consists of several acts, notifications, rules and regulations to protect environment and wildlife. The Indian legal system has been critically reviewed to identify its applicability to the project. A list of all required clearances/ permissions related to environment has been summarised in Table 2.1.

Table 2.1 : Permissions/Clearances Required for the Sub-Project2

S. Concerned Clearances Acts/Rules/Notifications/Guidelines Responsibility No. Agency A. Pre-construction Stage Environmental EIA Notification, 2006 amended till State Not applicable Clearance3 date, promulgated under Environment Environmental for this (Protection) Act 1986 Impact particular road (not required Assessment stretch as it is 1 for this Sub- Authority an expansion Project) (SEIAA)4. of existing road and no new by- passes are to be constructed Permission for Forest Conservation Act (1980) District Level felling of trees Procedural Guidelines developed by Committee the Department of Environment GoMP, constituted by 2 MPRDC under the orders of the Hon’ble High the State Court; Tree removal will be guided as Govt. per state government rules. B. Implementation Stage

2 Since this project is not passing through any protected areas or ground water authority notified areas, therefore the following list of laws will not be applicable to this project. a. Central Ground Water Authority b. Wildlife (Protection) Act 2002 and rules thereof c. The Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remain Act 1958/Rules 1959

3 This Particular clearance is applicable to all new road projects as mentioned underneath. However for this road stretch as it is expansion of existing road and no bypasses are being constructed so this clearance is not applicable. The Notification and its latest amendment entails requirement of prior environmental clearance to the following road projects. Category A -i) New National High ways; and ii) Expansion of National High ways greater than 30 km, involving additional right of way greater than 20m involving land acquisition and passing through more than one State. Category B-ii) All State High ways; and ii) Expansion projects in hilly terrain (above 100 m mean seal level (msl) and or ecologically sensitive areas)

Note: A general condition applies to both of the above category: “Any project or activity specified in Category ‘B’ will be treated as Category A, if located in whole or in part within 10 km from the boundary of: (i) Protected Areas notified under the Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972, (ii) Critically Polluted areas as notified by the Central Pollution Control Board from time to time, (iii) Notified Eco-sensitive areas, (iv) inter-State boundaries and international boundaries”. 4 The SEIAA has varying opinion about its applicability. EA propose to take official confirmation about applicability of this notification. EA will obtain the environmental clearance in case SEIAA directs about the same. 7

S. Concerned Clearances Acts/Rules/Notifications/Guidelines Responsibility No. Agency River Board Authorities/ Permission for Mines and Minerals (Regulation and Department of 3 Sand Mining Development) Act, 1957 as amended Contractor Mining Govt. from river bed in 1972 of Madhya Pradesh Consent to Madhya operate Hot mix Air (Prevention and Control of Pradesh 4 Contractor plant, Crushers, Pollution) Act 1981 Pollution Batching Plant Control Board Authorization Madhya for Disposal of Hazardous Waste (Management and Pradesh 5 Contractor Hazardous Handling) Rules 1989 Pollution Waste Control Board Consent for Madhya Disposal of Water (Prevention and Control of Pradesh 6 Contractor Sewage from Pollution) Act 1974 Pollution Labour camps Control Board Use of Fly ash within 100 kms Fly Ash Notification, 1999 as amended 7 MoEF Contractor around Thermal up to 17th August 2003: Power plants. Department of Pollution Under Transport, 8 Control Central Motor and Vehicle Act 1988 Govt. of Contractor Certificate Madhya Pradesh The Building and Other Construction Employing District Labour 9 Workers (Regulation of Employment Contractor Labour/workers Commissioner and Conditions of Service) Act, 1996,

2.2. Environmental Clearance Process 32. The environmental clearance is not applicable for this sub-project since expansion is confined along the existing road corridor with no new bypass. However, the procedure for obtaining environmental clearance has been depicted as Figure 2.1 for reference purposes only.

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Figure 2.1 : Environmental Clearance Procedure in India

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2.3. Administrative Structure and the Interactive framework 33. The Government through specific legislations regulates the environmental management system in India. The MoEF and the pollution control boards (CPCB i.e. Central Pollution Control Board and SPCBs i.e. State Pollution Control Boards) together form the regulatory and administrative core of the part. Other Ministries/Statutory Bodies/departments responsible for ensuring environmental compliance and granting various clearances includes State ministry /Dept. of environment, regional offices of MoEF and state forests/wildlife departments. Their key roles and responsibilities and interface among them have been concisely depicted through the flow diagram in Figure 2.2.

Figure 2.2 : Legislative Interface among various regulatory bodies

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3. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT 3.1. Project Location 34. The project road section (Bhind-Ater-Porsa road) is a part of SH-2 measuring 59.950 km in length and located in Bhind and Morena districts of Madhya Pradesh. Figure 3.1 shows the location of the project road. The proposed road Bhind-Ater-Porsa road section serves as a link connecting Bhind and Morena Districts. The connectivity of the project road with other important links in existing road network of Madhya Pradesh is shown in Figure 3.2.

Figure 3.1 : Location Map of SH-2 11

Figure 3.2 : Connectivity to the Project Road 3.2. Characteristics of the Existing road

35. Right of Way and carriage way width: The existing carriageway is a single or intermediate-lane road having flexible pavement, with widths varying between 3.75 m to 7.0 m along the entire length of project road. The existing road has earthen shoulder of about 1.0 m to 1.5 m on either sides of the project road. The ROW available for the project road is around 15 m on either side from road centre line except in built up areas and forest sections where it is 10 m. Chainage-wise carriageway widths are provided in Table 3.1 given below.

Table 3.1 : Carriageway Details Existing Chainage Carriageway Remarks Shoulder Type Shoulder Start End Width Width Bhind - Ater Road 1/000 2/000 6.00 HS 0.50 2/000 3/000 5.00 HS 0.90 3/000 6/000 5.00 3.75 m HS 0.00 Overlayed 6/000 7/000 5.00 HS 0.00 7/000 8/670 6.00 3.75 m HS 0.00 Overlayed 8/670 8/950 7.60 HS 0.00 8/950 10/500 6.00 3.75 m HS 0.00 Overlayed 10/500 11/500 6.50 HS 0.00 11/500 14/000 4.50 ES 1.50 14/000 15/000 4.90 ES 0.50 15/000 16/000 5.00 3.75 m ES 0.00

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Existing Chainage Carriageway Remarks Shoulder Type Shoulder Start End Width Width Overlayed 16/000 17/000 3.50 ES 1.50 17/000 20/000 3.00 ES 1.50 20/000 23/000 3.90 ES 1.00 23/000 27/450 3.75 ES 1.50 Ater Junction - Porsa Road 83/000 58/500 3.05 BT ES 1.00 58/500 57/000 3.05 BT HS 1.20 57/000 52/000 3.05 BT HS 1.30 52/000 51/000 3.05 BT HS 1.00 51/000 49/500 3.05 BT HS 1.30 Source: DPR 36. Pavement and carriage way conditions: The pavement condition along the entire length of the road can generally be rated as fair to moderate. Riding quality is moderate. Mostly cracking exists throughout the road except in few stretches where pavement quality is good (Table 3.2). Raveling and potholes are also exists at some locations. At some places, sub-grade failure has been noted and thus warranting immediate reconstruction. The Main reason for this failure seems to be poor sub- grade with complete absence of consolidation and stabilization measures.

Table 3.2 : Stretches for Reconstruction S. Chainage Length No. From To Bhind - Ater Section 1 1/000 2/000 1.000 2 2/000 5/000 3.000 3 11/030 11/380 0.350 4 11/430 12/170 0.740 5 12/170 12/700 0.530 6 19/880 20/650 0.770 Ater Junction – Ater 7 27.050 27.450 0.400 Ater Junction - Porsa Section 8 80/100 75/750 4.350 9 75/650 74/250 1.400 10 72/750 65/750 7.000 11 58/950 56/000 2.950 12 55/000 53/750 1.250 13 52/000 51/900 0.100 14 51/150 51/050 0.100 15 50/400 50/280 0.120 Source: DPR 37. Alignment and Geometrics: Road alignment as discussed falls mostly in plain terrain. Road is almost running parallel to the ground level. There are many horizontal curves comprising very sharp turns which need to be improved to State highway standards. An average travel speed of 13

40km/hr could be maintained due to sub standards geometry. There is no coherence between horizontal alignment and vertical profile. Set back distances are almost non- existent at curve locations; especially at sharp curves the provision is worse. 38. Cross Drainage (CD) Structures: There is one major bridge, six minor bridges, one causeway and about 29 culverts along the project road. Major bridge is High Level Bridge and does not require any modifications in existing conditions. Culverts are mainly arch type or slab type or pipe type. The culverts generally require clearing of vent way. Few pipe culverts having diameter less than 0.9 m are proposed to be replacement by 1.2m/1.0m diameter pipe whichever is appropriate as per site condition. List of major and minor bridges along with survey chainages and conditions of existing structures are appended as “Inventory and Condition Survey for Bridges” in Appendix 3.1. 39. Terrain and Landuse: The project road alignment traverses through plain / rolling terrain throughout the length. The abutting land along the project road is observed to be utilized mainly for agricultural purposes. At some locations habitation / built up area were encountered whereas in few section land is left barren. The road passes through three important towns Bhind, Ater and Porsa. 40. Road Intersections: There are 2 major intersection and 43 minor intersections sighted on the road. Almost all of these intersections are poor in geometrics and no junction development has been observed. The chainage-wise details of these intersections are given in Table 3.3

Table 3.3 : List of Major and Minor Intersections S. Chainage Major/ Link Surface Width Direction No. (Km/m) Minor Type (m) (L/R/Cross) Bhind – Ater 1 0/000 Major Bhind-Etawah CC-BT 14.0-7.2 Cross 2 0/900 Minor To Bhind Mud Road 6.5 Right 3 2/600 Minor To Bhind CC 3.00 Left 4 2/750 Minor - BT 5.00 Right 5 3/220 Minor Bhujpura - Mudhiya BT-BT 3.75 - Cross 3.75 6 4/590 Minor Jodhpura BT 3.00 Right 7 4/850 Minor Udotpura BT 3.75 Right 8 5/120 Minor Madhaiya BT 3.00 Right 9 6/680 Minor Pathanpura BT 3.00 Left 10 8/250 Minor Javasa BT 3.00 Right 11 11/010 Minor Ridauli BT 3.75 Left 12 11/430 Minor Soi BT 3.75 Right 13 12/020 Minor Para WBM 3.00 Right 14 17/800 Minor Navari BT 3.75 Left 15 18/610 Minor Gorakhpura CC 3.00 Right 16 18/900 Minor Village Road MUD 3.00 Left 17 19/590 Minor Etawa BT 3.75 Right 18 19/820 Minor Jamsara BT 3.00 Right 19 21/860 Minor Balarpura BT 3.00 Left 20 23/090 Minor Bhindava BT 3.75 Right

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S. Chainage Major/ Link Surface Width Direction No. (Km/m) Minor Type (m) (L/R/Cross) 21 24/060 Major Porsa BT 3.00 Left 22 24/720 Minor Village Road CC 3.00 Right 23 27/320 Minor Jetpur BT 3.75 Left 24 78/950 Minor Labli Village CC 3.00 Right 25 78/450 Minor Maoli village BT 3.75 Left 26 77/640 Minor Kharika Village BT 3.00 Right 27 75/840 Minor Chaumoh village BT 3.00 Right 28 74/410 Minor Garod village CC 3.75 Right 29 73/170 Minor Khadera - Aroli BT-WBM 3.75 Cross 30 71/380 Minor Pachor BT 3.50 Right 31 70/740 Minor Garami BT 3.75 Left 32 69/070 Minor Kanera BT 3.00 Right 33 65/610 Minor Kanaraga BT 3.50 Right 34 64/600 Minor Chapak BT 3.75 Right 35 64/220 Minor Bhadavali BT 3.75 Right 36 63/330 Minor Rudavali BT 3.75 Right 37 62/530 Minor Kichor BT 3.75 Left 38 59/230 Minor Khod - Lalpura WBM - CC 3.75 Cross 39 55/750 Minor Dharmpura BT 3.75 Right 40 54/600 Minor - WBM 3.00 Left 41 54/270 Minor Ldikheda BT 3.75 Right 42 53/380 Minor Aarethi BT 3.75 Right 43 52/890 Minor Myasi BT 3.75 Right 44 51/100 Minor Daherota BT 3.75 Left 45 49/550 Minor Shahpura BT 3.75 Left Note: BT – Black Top, CC-Cement Concrete, WBM – Water Bound Macadam ER – Earthen Road 3.3. Category of the Project 41. The sub-project has been evaluated using the Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) checklist issued by ADB (Appendix-3.2) for Roads and Highways of the ADB‘s Environmental Assessment Guidelines 2003. The subproject road traverses primarily through agricultural land and few habitations. It neither passes through nor is located near any Wildlife Sanctuary, National Park, or any other environmentally sensitive or ecologically or archeologically protected areas. Though it passes through reserved forest and protected forests areas, but these areas have rare movement of animals. Hence, the project has been classified as Category “B” in accordance with ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement 2009.

Table 3.4 : Reserve / Protected Forest

S. Chainage Length Side of Road Section Type of Forest No. From To (km) Road 1 26.000 27.800 1.8 Right Reserve Forest Bhind to Ater 2 26.000 27.800 1.8 Left Protected Forest Total (km) 1.8 Source: DPR

3.4. Need for the Sub-Project 15

42. The main aim of developing this State highway is to provide connectivity to the selected townships with other major social and commercial centres within the districts as well in the other parts of the state. The proposed road Bhind-Ater-Porsa road section serves as a link connecting Bhind and Morena Districts. The improvement of roads infrastructure in the region will enhance the tourism potential as well as will lead to increased socio-economic activities in both the districts. With socio-economic development of the districts and the state, the traffic is bound to increase. The sub-project road will benefit more than 1.4 million populations (mainly rural) by providing transport, communication and accelerate the local economy. 43. The sub project road serves as important link for providing connectivity between Bhind & Morena Districts. The traffic intensity at this sub project road is increasing, necessitating augmentation of capacity for safe and efficient movement. The road condition is poor which reduces the average traffic speed and also results in higher fuel consumption and vehicular pollution. Therefore, improvement of this subproject road is proposed to provide safe movement of increasing traffic at higher travel speeds, reduced travel time, accidents, overloading, and vehicular emissions. 3.5. Existing and Projected Traffic 44. The traffic load is one of most important activity to evaluate the potential of the existing network and identify the major issues to develop various components of the proposed project corridor. It has a direct bearing on several aspects as lane width, pavement thickness, design features and elements. Hence, the existing and projected traffic scenario has been described before any other project component. The data analysis includes the traffic level, composition, directional distribution, daily variations, travel characteristics of the vehicles and loading characteristics of goods vehicles etc. In case of junctions, the flow of traffic in each direction and composition of vehicles etc was analysed. All these factors warrants for the collection of base data involving various traffic parameters to be studied and analyzed. 45. Existing Traffic Volume: Average Daily Traffic (ADT) of project road is studied at various locations and is presented in the Table 3.5. ADT for the project road varies from 1176 to 2864 in terms of number of vehicles and in terms of PCU it varies from 1265 to 2829. Highest traffic volume has been recorded at CVC Location at Km 11/200 near Para village. Lowest traffic volume has recorded at CVC Location at km 76/500 near Chomoh village.

Table 3.5 : Average Daily Traffic S. No. Location Total Vehicles Total (PCUs) 1 Para Village (km 11/200) 2864 2829 2 Chomoh Village (km 76/500) 1176 1265 46. Projected Traffic: The maximum traffic is expected to be 19,943 ADT (18,962 PCU) at near Para village by the year 2030. The above projection is based on the growth rates of 9.4% for Cars, 6.6 % for Buses, 5.8% for

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Goods Vehicles, 10.6% for 2-wheeler and 7.5% for Tractors which was derived through “IRC-108, Econometric Model”. The summary of projected traffic for the year 2009 to 2030 is given in Table 3.6.

Table 3.6 : Summary of Projected Total Traffic Volume (Veh./day and PCU/day) Project Road 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 From To Near Para Village (11/200) 3934 5994 9063 13543 19943 Bhind Porsa (4440) (6516) (9441) (13484) (18962) Note: Values in bracket indicate PCUs/day 47. The capacity of different carriageways is 6000, 15000 and 18000 PCUs per day for intermediate lane, 2 lane with earthen shoulders and 2 lane with Paved shoulders respectively. Analysing the capacity of Design Service Volume of Carriage ways and the projected traffic, it is concluded that the project road requires two lane with earthen shoulder by 2014- 2015. 3.6. Key Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Activities 48. This sub project road rehabilitation will involve activities like widening, realignment, intersection, improvement, correction in road geometry and raising the embankment height in at certain stretches certain section of the road to meet the design norms defined for state highways under IRC codes. The brief of all key project activities are described below: 49. Realignment and Curvature Improvement: Based on approved geometric standards and formulated alignment plan of the existing road, it is found essential to provide improvement to the existing sub-standard geometry at various locations on the project roads. There are many sharp curves which need to be improved to develop a high-speed highway. In plain or rolling terrain, a minimum curve radius of 230 m has been attempted to achieve design speed however an absolute minimum radius of 150 m is used at location with space constraints (e.g. urban areas, structure approach & Forest areas etc.). These locations are tabulated in Appendix 3.3. 3.6.1. Proposed Cross Section Details 50. Lane Width and Earthen Shoulder: In order to meet future traffic requirement the existing carriageway is proposed to be upgraded to Two Lane with Earthen Shoulder to achieve high speed of travel with comfort and safety. 7m wide carriageway is proposed with basic traffic lane width of 3.50m. Earthen shoulders of 2.50m wide is proposed on either side of the proposed main carriageway for rural plain and rolling terrains. In stretches like hilly or forest area earthen shoulder is restricted to 1.00 m. 51. Footpath: The minimum width of footpath in urban stretches is proposed to be 1.00m. The side drain in such stretches may be accommodated under the footpath. 52. Utility Corridor: Minimum width of utility corridor for rural sections will be 2.0m and for urban/ built-up sections will be 1.00m. 17

53. Side Slopes For fill sections, the following side slopes are proposed: Embankment height up to 3.0 m - 2H: 1V Embankment height from 3.0 m to 6.0 m - 1.5H: 1V Embankment height exceeding 6.0 m - To be designed based on soil parameters. Cut slopes will be as follows Soil - 1H: 1V 54. Cross fall : Carriageway will have cross-fall of 3.0%. For earthen shoulders cross-fall value will be 4.0%. Figure 3.3 shows the typical cross section to be followed on the project stretch.

Figure 3.3 : Typical Cross section of the project Road 55. Pavement Design and Widening: Existing road will be widened to improve the capacity as well as horizontal geometrics. A combination of overlay and new construction will be followed for proposed improvements. At a number of places, the vertical profile will be changed to improve the vertical geometrics. This will require reconstruction after partial or full removal of the existing pavement, depending upon sub-grade condition. In urban areas cement concrete pavement along with side drain is proposed. 56. Concentric widening scheme is followed to minimise land acquisition issues and to ensure maximum utilisation of existing carriageway. The improvement is proposed to the existing pavement to meet the design requirement of 2.5 m. In specific stretches where the pavement is damaged / deteriorated special treatments, are proposed. The improvement proposal includes overlay of BC=30mm, DBM=55mm, or raising and reconstruction with WMM, or raising and reconstruction with GSB. The details of existing carriage way and widening proposal is given at Table 3.7

Table 3.7 : Details of Existing Carriage Way with Widening Proposal S. Existing Chainage Proposed Lengt Existing Proposed

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No. (km) Chainage (km) h Carriagew Carriageway ay From To From To (km) Bhind – Ater Junction 1 1.000 2.000 1.000 2.000 1.000 6.000 7 2 2.000 4.000 2.000 4.000 2.000 5.000 7 3 4.000 7.300 4.000 7.290 3.290 5.000 7.00 + ES 3 7.500 8.670 7.500 8.660 1.160 6.000 7.00 + ES 4 8.670 10.500 8.660 10.480 1.820 6.000 7.00 + ES 5 10.500 11.030 10.480 11.000 0.520 6.500 7.00 + ES 6 11.030 11.380 11.000 11.330 0.330 4.500 7.00 + ES 7 11.430 12.700 12.840 14.750 1.910 4.500 7.00 + ES 8 12.960 14.850 14.750 14.850 0.100 4.900 7.00 + ES 9 14.950 15.450 14.850 15.350 0.500 5.000 7.00 + ES 10 15.550 16.100 15.450 16.000 0.550 5.000 7.00 + ES 11 16.250 18.540 16.150 18.450 2.300 3.000 7.00 + ES 12 18.900 19.300 18.800 19.200 0.400 4.000 7.00 + ES 13 19.880 20.150 19.770 20.050 0.280 3.750 7.00 + ES 14 20.300 24.000 20.200 23.900 3.700 3.900 7.00 + ES Ater Junction – Ater 1 24.000 24.500 0.000 0.550 0.550 3.900 7.00 + ES 2 24.650 24.850 0.650 0.850 0.200 3.900 7.00 + ES 3 24.940 25.250 0.940 1.150 0.210 3.900 7.00 + ES 4 25.350 25.550 1.250 1.450 0.200 3.900 7.00 + ES 5 25.650 25.700 1.550 1.600 0.050 3.900 7.00 + ES 6 25.850 2.620 1.750 2.100 0.350 3.900 7.00 + ES 7 26.250 26.800 2.150 2.700 0.550 5.900 7.00 + ES 8 26.900 27.000 2.800 2.900 0.100 7.900 7.00 + ES 9 27.050 27.450 2.950 3.340 0.390 3.750 7.00 + ES Ater Junction – Porsa 1 83.000 81.700 23.900 25.300 1.400 3.000 7.00 + ES 2 81.700 81.100 25.300 25.900 0.600 3.000 7.00 + ES 3 80.900 79.650 26.050 27.300 1.250 3.000 7.00 + ES 4 79.550 78.250 27.400 28.700 1.300 3.000 7.00 + ES 5 78.030 76.030 28.930 30.900 1.970 3.000 7.00 + ES 6 75.950 65.750 31.000 41.150 10.150 3.000 7.00 + ES 7 65.680 49.600 42.000 57.340 15.340 3.000 7.0 ES Source: DPR 3.6.2. Improvement Proposal for Intersection 57. Improvement scheme in respect of each junction is prepared to smooth movement of traffic. The improvement proposal suggested include either left in left out approach or channelized intersection design.

3.6.3. Design of Roadside Drains 58. For a sound drainage system open lined drain and chute drains in RCC on hill side in mountainous terrain and slopes of high embankment respectively and as rapids on high cut sections is followed. The construction of an underground drain 1 m x 1 m lined with RCC-20 cm thick and covered with RCC slab10 cm in thickness is proposed at urban 19

and semi-urban stretches. Details about the drainage are given in Table 3.8.

Table 3.8 : Cement Concrete Lined Drain Existing Proposed Length S. Chainage (km) Chainage (km) Remarks No. From To From To (mt.) 1 1/00 3/15 1/00 3/15 2150+2150 CC Drain (Bhind Village) 2 19/45 19/88 19/32 19/77 450+450 CC Drain (Pratappura) 3 75/75 75/65 30/88 30/98 100+100 CC Drain (Chomoh) Source: DPR 3.6.4. Traffic Control and Safety Measures 59. In addition to adequate provisions for roadway width, geometric elements and junction improvement, the following provisions are proposed to enhance the safety of road users. Due consideration has been made for the provisions contained in IRC: SP 44-1994, “Highway Safety Code”. Also, various measures have been proposed to increase traffic control for the High-speed highway. 3.6.4.1 Crash Barrier 60. Safety barrier of rigid, flexible or semi-rigid type are proposed at following locations. In general W-Beam crash barriers

♦ Non-traversable road side embankments ♦ Where embankment height is 3m or more ♦ Where embankment is retained by a retaining structure ♦ On valley sides of highway in hill sections ♦ Miscellaneous hazardous locations (like proximity to water structures, non-collapsible sign supports, buildings etc.). The crash barrier locations are given in Table 3.9.

Table 3.9 : Crash Barrier Location Left Side Right Side Proposed Chainage Length Proposed Chainage Length From To (m) From To (m) Bhind - Ater-Porsa 7/20 7/50 295 8/64 8/67 30 7/51 7/60 95 8/98 9/01 30 8/64 8/67 30 18/57 18/63 60 8/98 9/03 50 28/65 28/71 60 28/07 28/13 60 35/53 35/60 70 35/53 35/58 50 35/67 35/72 50 35/67 35/72 50 42/97 43/00 35 42/97 43/00 35 45/90 46/01 105 45/90 46/01 105 46/03 46/10 65 46/03 46/08 50 55/65 55/72 70 55/65 55/72 70 0/00 0/00 0 Bhind Town Re-alignment 0/00 0/90 900 - - - Total 1790 Total 575

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Source: DPR 3.6.4.2 Road Signs 61. Adequate road signs are proposed for the project road in order to provide advance information to regulate/control traffic flow and ensure safety of operations. All road signs are provided in accordance with IRC 67. Typical drawings showing road signs and erection details are given in drawing volume. 62. Appropriate road markings are provided with stop signs, give-way signs, traffic merging and diverging signs, lane closure signs, compulsory keep left/right signs or any other signs as per IRC-67. Advance cautionary signs are proposed for sharp curves along with chevron signs at the outer edge of the curves. In hilly areas, curve-ahead signs are accompanied with appropriate delineators. 63. The signs will be of retro reflective sheetings of high intensity grade with encapsulated lens and fixing details as per clause 801 of MoRT&H Specifications for Road and Bridge Works, 2001 (4th Revision, latest reprint). 3.6.4.3 Pavement Markings 64. In project road, pavement markings are proposed as per IRC: 35-1997, “Code of Practice for Road Marking” with centre-line, edge line, continuity line, stop line, give way lines, diagonal/chevron markings and zebra crossings. The pavement marking shall be of hot applied thermoplastic paint with glass beads as per the MORT&H specification for Road and Bridge Works, 2001(4th Revision, latest reprint). 3.6.4.4 Lighting 65. The project road is proposed with lighting systems in urban stretches/built up areas as shown in Table 3.10.

Table 3.10 : Lighting S. Existing Chainage (km) Proposed Chainage (km) Length No. From To From To (m) 1 19/450 19/880 19/320 19/770 450 2 75/750 75/650 30/880 30/980 100 Source: DPR

3.6.5. User Facilities 3.6.5.1 Bus Stop 66. Bus stops are proposed at following locations as given below in Table 3.11. Existing bus stops are proposed to be retained. Appropriate maintenance measures shall be made to keep it in working conditions.

Table 3.11 : Bus Stop Locations 21

S. Existing Proposed Side Village Name No. Chainage Chainage (Km/m) (Km/m) Bhind – Ater - Porsa 1 6/650 6/605 Left Pathanpura 2 23/000 22/930 Left Bhindava 3 24/000 23/907 Left Ater 4 24/035 0/065 Right Ater Source: DPR 3.6.6. Slope Stabilisation and Protection Works 67. Erosion prevention is one of the major factors in design, construction and maintenance of highways. The most direct application of erosion control occurs in drainage design and in the writing of specifications for landscaping and slope planting. Erosion is minimized largely by the use of flat side slopes, rounded and blended with natural terrain; serrated cut slopes; drainage channels designed with due regard to width, depth, slopes, alignment, and protective treatment; inlets located and spaced with erosion control in mind; prevention of erosion at culvert outlets; proper facilities for groundwater interception; dikes, berms, and other protective devices to trap sediment at strategic locations; and protective ground covers and planting. 68. High embankment will be site specifically designed considering the quality of the available material, prevalent moisture condition and associated pore water pressure, bearing capacity of the founding strata and the requirement of any preloading etc. Stone pitching is proposed at these locations. Stone pitching is proposed at the locations mentioned in Table 3.12. Other stabilisation measures as Concrete block pitching and Launching apron in CC blocks are proposed to be adopted on case to case basis after thorough study of the problematic sites.

Table 3.12 : Stone Pitching Left Side Right Side Remarks Proposed Chainage Length Proposed Chainage Length From To (m) From To (m) 7/20 7/50 295 7/20 7/50 295 7/51 7/60 95 7/51 7/60 95 8/64 8/67 30 8/64 8/67 30 8/98 9/03 50 8/98 9/01 30 - - - 18/57 18/63 60 Pond - - - 19/66 19/72 60 Pond 28/07 28/13 60 - - - Pond - - - 28/65 28/71 60 Pond 35/53 35/58 50 35/53 35/60 70 35/67 35/72 50 35/67 35/72 50 - - - 37/79 37/83 35 Pond 42/97 43/00 35 42/97 43/00 35 45/90 46/01 105 45/90 46/01 105 46/03 46/08 50 46/03 46/10 65 55/65 55/72 70 55/65 55/72 70

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Source: DPR 3.6.7. Improvement Proposal for Bridges and Drainage Structure 69. There is one major bridge, eight minor bridges, one existing causeway and sixty three culverts along the Project road. The project road crosses railway line at three locations at same grade level. The rehabilitation of the bridge includes the activities like change of damaged handrails, replacement of defective expansion joints, repairing of minor cracks, repairing of solid slab having signs of damage, cleaning by sand blasting of corroded steel reinforcement and additional reinforcement where necessary, strengthening and repairing with PMC of RCC solid slabs which show honeycombing, removal of existing wearing coat and replacement with new wearing coat of 50 mm thick bituminous concrete after laying 12mm thick mastic asphalt, strengthening of approaches. 70. Waterway/ventway will be cleaned if vegetation growth is impeding the main water channel. The channel will be dredged if excessive siltation has blocked the waterway. Spur, dykes will be provided to change the water course if it is found that due to the flow direction, excessive scouring is occurring near one of pier or abutment and it is in danger. 3.6.8. Improvement Proposal for Causeways 71. There is one causeway which is solid slab type. The improvement proposal for causeways is based on following considerations. Almost all causeways get overtopped during monsoon. Hence Discharge passing through vent as well as overtopping part is considered for revised structure. Additional pipes were introduced by raising road level to economise cost, wherever possible. In typical cases wherever required box type structure is also proposed. 3.6.9. Improvement Proposal for Culverts 72. There are twenty nice culverts along the project road. The project road crosses railway line at one location at same grade level. The improvement proposal includes dismantling and recasting of head walls, bed replacement with proper designs. Many of the culverts have vegetation in the channels apart from some sand mounds causing vent way obstruction, which need clearing. Pipe diameter less than 0.9 m is to be replaced by 1.2 m diameter pipe. The culverts which are completely damaged or distressed are proposed for reconstruction. The culvert retained and repaired as mentioned above will be widen to match with formation width of road section. 3.6.10. Utilities and Services 73. Utilities and Services are seen only in the vicinity of towns, villages and roadside establishments the project road alignment traverses through either open area or agricultural land with small stretches of forest area. As the project road connects the major towns namely, Bhind, Ater and Porsa all major utilities run adjacent to the road alignment. Electric and telephone lines almost follow the existing road alignment. 3.7. Material required and Sourcing 23

74. The various construction materials which will be required for the project road construction and other activities are listed below. • Borrow Soil • Aggregate • Granular material • Sand • Cement • Bitumen • Steel • Water 3.7.1. Borrow soil 75. Borrow Soil identified during survey for DPR study revealed that it can be used for road embankment as well as for Sub grade layer. The details of available source, location, average lead distance to the project road and approximate available quantity are given in Table 3.13.

Table 3.13 : List of Borrow Area S. Chainage Section Side Type of Approximate Approximate No. Material distance Quantity from project (Indicative road in (M) Area) 1 6/000 Bhind - Ater Left &Right Soil 50 300 x100 m 2 6/200 Bhind – Ater Left & Right Soil 50 300 x100 m 3 10/800 Bhind - Ater Left soil 40 200x100 m 4 12/800* Bhind - Ater Left soil 50 200x200m 5 28/200* Bhind - Ater Right Hillock 40 300x100 m 6 54/500* Ater Junction- Left soil 40 200x200 m Porsa Source: DPR 3.7.2. Aggregate 76. Aggregate stone is basic ingredient in road construction. Investigation of quarry area was carried out for DPR study to ascertain the potential source of aggregate for the construction of different pavement layers like Bituminous Concrete (BC), Dense Bituminous Macadam (DBM), Bituminous Macadam (BM), Wet Mix Macadam (WMM), Granular Sub- base, sand for cement concrete works and GSB. Nearest quarry/crusher are situated near Bhander which is about 115 Km far from the project road 3.7.3. Sand 77. Sand is generally used in the concrete work during construction. The major source of sand on the project road is at Baroli, which is about 22 km far from the project road. 3.7.4. Cement

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78. There are so many factories of cement manufacturing in Madhya Pradesh. The cement can be procured from the open market. 3.7.5. Bitumen 79. Nearest source of bitumen is Mathura refinery, Uttar Pradesh and Koyali Refinery, Gujarat. Bitumen of VG-10 equivalent of 80-100 or VG-30 equivalent of 60-70 penetration grade from above mentioned Refinery, is proposed to be used for bituminous work. 3.7.6. Steel 80. There is numbers of steel rolling factories is situated in Madhya Pradesh, with various grade of steel. The steel is to be purchase from the open market. 3.7.7. Water 81. Ground water and surface water in the vicinity of the project road is proposed to use as a source of water for construction activities. The approximate quantity of water required for construction activities in the project is 300 KL/day. 3.8. Project Implementation Schedule and Cost 82. The project is in the detailed design stage. The construction of widening of the road to 2- lane road, will be implemented in 24 months. The estimated cost of the project excluding R and R and EMP is estimated to be INR 7,20,398,401/-.

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4. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT 83. Baseline environmental conditions about all facets of environment viz. physical, biological and socio-economic have been established using both primary and secondary sources. Efforts have been made to collect the latest information both at regional as well as local level especially along the project corridor. This will help to predict likely changes in the environment due to the project and will serve as performance indicators for various components. 84. The project road Bhind-Ater-Porsa road is a section of SH-2 measuring 59.95 km in length and located in Bhind and Morena districts of Madhya Pradesh. A summary Table of the project districts is given in Table 4.1.

Table 4.1 : Summary of Important Features of the Project Districts S. Parameters Bhind Morena No. . It is located in Chambal . It is located in the northern region in the northwest part part of Madhya Pradesh of the Madhya Pradesh and and covers an area of 5017 covers an area of about sq. km. 4,459 sq. km. 1. General . It lies between N Latitude 25º . It lies between N Latitude 55’ and 26º 45’ and E 26º 30’ and 26º 05’ and E longitude 78º 12’ and 79º longitude 77º 5’ and 78º 26’ 05’. . It is located at an elevation of . It is located at an elevation 143 m above MSL of 177 m above MSL. . In the summer, the . The temperature in June temperature reaches to a touches 42 °C. 2. Climate maximum of 42 °C. . It receives on an average . It receives on an average 705.1 mm of rain annually. 712 mm of rain annually. Ecologically Sensitive Area Wild Life None National Chambal Sanctuary Sanctuaries National Parks None None 3. Tiger Reserves None None Elephant None None Reserves

Reserve/Protected Gumara Reserve Forest None Forests Ratawa Reserve Forest

Geomorphology 1.Younger Alluvium plain 1. The Vindhyan Range 1. Major 2. Uneven ravines Physiographic 3. Older Alluvium plain Units 2. The river valleys 4. Ridge Sedimentary 4. Lower Chambal Sub Basin of Chambal Sub-Sub Basin & Yamuna Basin, Major Rivers Kwari Sindh Sub-Sub Basin. 2. Major Drainage Chambal, Kwari, Vaishali, Sind & The district is drained by the Pahuj important rivers like Chambal River, Kwari River, Asan River

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and Sank River. Alluvial, medium & deep black; 5. Major Soil Type shallow & medium black; and Alluvial, sandy loam soil mixed red & black soyabean, paddy, cotton, jowar, maize, bajra, pulses, sesamum, Wheat, Mustard seed etc. The 6. Principal Crops sunflower, wheat, gram , peas, prominent Kharif crop is Bajra lahat and toria Predominant Alluvium followed by Vindhyan & Alluvium followed by Shales 7. Geological Gwalior series. and sandstones of Vindhya and Formations Gwalior super group. The alluvium overlies the Alluvium, Weathered fractured & irregular Vindhyan basement 8. Hydrogeology jointed Vindhyan sand stones & comprising shale and sand shale stone. Source: Central Ground Water Authority Reports and other District/Govt. websites

4.1. Physical Environment 4.1.1. Meteorology and Climate 85. Madhya Pradesh has a subtropical climate characterized by hot summer season and dryness except southwest monsoon season. Like most of north India it has a hot dry summer (April-June) followed by monsoon rains (July-September) and a cool and relatively dry winter (December- February). The maximum temperature during summer season ranges from 33 to 44ºC and 10 to 27ºC during winter season. The average rainfall is about 1,370 mm which decreases from east to west. The south- eastern districts have the heaviest rainfall, some places receiving as much as 2,150 mm, while the western and north-western districts receive 1,000 mm or less. The Isohyetal map of Madhya Pradesh is shown in Figure 4.1

Figure 4.1 : Isohyetal map of Madhya Pradesh 86. The Sub-Project passes through 2 districts – Bhind and Morena where May is the hottest month with daily maximum temperature of 42 °C while January is coolest with minimum temperature of 7.1 °C. Wind velocity is 27

higher during the summer period as compared to the post-monsoon period. The maximum wind velocity is 11.3 km/h during the month of June and minimum is 3.1 km/h during the month of November. Average annual wind velocity is 6.4 km/h. The weather remains dry for all the seasons except monsoon. During the south-west monsoon season the relative humidity is to the tune of 83% (August month). During summer the relative humidity is less than 26%. 87. In the project districts, Morena receive higher amount of rainfall in comparison to Bhind. Highest amount of rainfall was received in 2008 for both the districts in the last five years. More than 90% of the total rainfall occurs in between the months of June to September as a result of south west monsoon. Rainfall details during the last five years in the project area have been summarized in Table 4.2

Table 4.2 : Monthly Rainfall data (mm) in the project districts for the last five years Annual Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Total Bhind 2004 51.4 0 0 0 0.4 66.4 58 167.8 85.2 56.5 0 0 485.7 2005 4.3 0 11 0 4.3 36.8 222.6 74.1 97.5 0 0 2.1 452.7 2006 0 0 18.5 0 0 74.7 182 77.6 46.9 2.2 0 0 401.9 2007 0 55.6 32.6 1.9 7.6 67.7 122.2 126.9 64.1 0 0 0 478.6 2008 0 0 0 0.3 40.5 189.1 322.2 257.5 157.9 6 0 0 973.5 Morena 2004 29 0 0 0 0.3 15.3 104.3 268.1 108.6 22 0 0 547.6 2005 5.3 0 0 0 16 66.2 391.7 93.7 114.4 0 0 0 687.3 2006 N.A. N.A. 6 1 22 93.8 127.4 66.9 72.1 0 0 0 N.A. 2007 0 60.1 10.8 0.5 3.8 79.9 51 123.8 101.5 0 0 0 431.4 2008 0 0 0 0 0 163.1 221.7 269.3 116.3 6 1.3 0 777.7 Source: India Meteorological Department, Delhi

4.1.2. Air and Noise Quality 88. In absence of any existing data on ambient air quality and noise levels of the project area, onsite monitoring was conducted at few select locations. Most of the project area lies in vast open agricultural land and is largely free from air pollution and noise generating sources other than traffic and few brick-kilns existing in the area. However these Brick-kilns are with adequate stack height. Moreover, these are located in open area and operate only for few months. 4.1.2.1 Air Quality 89. The 24 hourly average ambient air quality levels with respect to suspended particulate matter (SPM), respirable particulate matter (RSPM), Sulphur Dioxide and Oxides of Nitrogen are shown in Table 4.3. The data reveals that SPM, RSPM, SO2 and NOx range from 130.5 to 185.2 µg/m3, 38.7 to 87.4 µg/m3, 4.1 to 12.8 µg/m3 and 6.3 to 13.7 µg/m3 respectively in the project area. These ambient air quality levels conform to the prescribed National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) (Appendix 4.1).

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Table 4.3 : Ambient Air Quality Along the project section (24 Hourly)

Location RSPM SPM SO2 NOx Max 87.4 185.2 12.8 13.7 Bhind Town Rly. Station Min 45.6 144.3 7.5 7.1 Avg. 68.6 165.4 10.6 9.2 Max 75.1 172.6 10.4 12.2 Aarethi Village Min 38.7 130.5 4.8 6.3 Avg. 58.2 150.5 7.5 8.8 Max 80.5 165.3 11.2 12.7 Gader Village Min 55.8 132.4 5.2 8.5 Avg. 67.3 147.7 7.8 10.4 Max 76.5 168.2 9.7 11.3 Porsa Village Min 44.2 132.7 4.1 7.5 Avg. 61.3 151.0 6.6 9.3 Source: Field Monitoring 4.1.2.2 Noise 90. The ambient noise levels (Table 4.4) at most of the locations is well within the permissible limits as per the prescribed standards for day time and night time (Appendix – 4.2). Overall the noise levels in the project region are not disturbing. Table 4.4 : Noise Level in dB(A) Along the Project Corridor Noise level in dB (A) Station Day Night Location Code L L L L Leq. Leq. Max Min Max Min N-1 Pustak Chowk 66.2 35.4 50.7 60.6 30.2 43.1 N-2 Bhind Rly. Station 67.4 34.7 52.2 60.2 29.7 42.4 N-3 Para Village 58.1 31.2 49.4 57.8 28.4 41.4 N-4 Aarethi Village 65.7 30.5 51.5 57.2 29.5 43.3 N-6 Gader Village 62.5 32.3 51.2 56.3 30.1 40.2 N-5 Porsa Village 68.3 30.8 52.3 60.1 28.3 43 Source: Field Monitoring

4.1.3. Topography and Geomorphology 91. The project road lies between 78º 22’ E to 78º 47’ E and 26º 34’ N to 26º 40’ N. The topography of the region is mixed type. The project road alignment traverses through plain and rolling terrain in most of the length. The maximum stretch of the project section which lies in Bhind district, forms part of the vast older plains including riverbeds with structural plains, structural hills and valleys with denudation slope are restricted to south-western part. The area has very gentle slope towards northeast with high elevation of 190 m above MSL in the south-western part and the lowest elevation of 149 m above MSL in the north-western part. In this section, landforms are mainly alluvium followed by Vindyan and Gwalior series valley plains. Apart from these geomorphic units, uneven ravines and isolated hills are also predominant. B

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92. A part of the project section lies in Morena district which is characterised by Vindhyan Hill range and Alluvium plain. The area is marked by undulating topography with elevated plains with very few low altitude isolated hills. The ground elevation in the area is about 177 m from the mean sea level. 4.1.4. Geology/Soil 93. The project section falls under the Bhind district which has predominant geological formations of Alluvium followed by Vindhyan & Gwalior series. The soil in the district generally falls under the broad group of deep alluvial soils. Color of the soil varies from brown, yellowish brown to dark grey brown. Texture of soils varies from sandy loam (below 20% clay), loam (20 – 30% clay), clay loam (30 – 40% clay) & clay (more than 40% clay). Clay loam soil found in some parts of Gohad & Mehgaon blocks and sandy loam soil is usually found in other blocks. Thickness of the soil varies from 70 to 250 m and resting over the Vindhyan & Archaeans rocks. 94. Vindhyan Formation: The outcrop of this formation is exposed in the western parts of the district in Gohad tehsil of Bhind. As these rocks are hard, compact and devoid of weaker zones, therefore, the ground water occurrence is meagre and ground water development in this formation is less. Gwalior Series: Gwalior series is exposed in south-western part of the Bhind district and consists of banded hematite quartzite. Ground water occurs under semi confined to confined conditions and yield potential is not too much. 95. In Morena region the alluvium overlies the irregular Vindhyan basement comprising of shale and sand stone. These deposits are in continuation of the Indo-Gangetic alluvium accumulated in the drainage basins of the Chambal and Sindh (Kwari is tributary of Sindh). The alluvium sediments consisting of clay, silt, sand and gravels cover. Morena is famous for the ravines. The ravines are created by gully erosion are heavily under soil loss. 96. Soil samples have been collected at four locations in the project section as shown in Table 4.5. The Table reveals that the dominant soil type is Sandy clay loam with good organic content.

Table 4.5 : Physiochemical Characteristics of soil in the project road S. Parameters Location No. Bhind Para Aarethi Gader 1 Colour Brown Brown Brown Brown 2 pH(20% slurry) 8.3 8.1 7.8 7.5 3 Conductivity ( μmhos / cm, 20% slurry) 320 286 318 305 4 Moisture (%) 1.72 1.64 1.46 1.52 5 Chlorides (%) 0.0376 0.0418 0.0458 0.0385 6 Bulk density (g/cc) 1.28 1.32 1.17 1.21 7 Porosity (%v/v) 0.71 0.82 0.68 0.65 8 Water Holding Capacity (%) 27 31 25 28

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S. Parameters Location No. Bhind Para Aarethi Gader 9 CEC meq/100g 26.7 28.2 31.2 27.3 10 Carbonate (%) NT NT NT NT 11 Bicarbonate (%) 0.0735 0.0681 0.0832 0.0645 12 Organic Matter (%) 0.49 0.63 0.58 0.53 13 Texture Sandy Clay Sandy Sandy Clay Sandy Clay Loam Clay Loam Loam Loam 14 Nitrogen % 1.45 1.38 1.42 1.26 15 Potassium ,kg/h 1.72 1.21 1.52 1.55 16 Phosphorous, kg/h 31.2 32.8 28.7 30.4 Source: Field Monitoring 4.1.5. Seismicity 97. The project region falls in Zones II & III i.e., low to moderate risk zone. The hazard and seismic zoning map is shown in Figure 4.2

Source: Amateur Seismic Centre, Pune Source: IS 1893 (Part 1) 2002

Figure 4.2 : Hazard and Seismic Zoning Map 4.1.6. Land use 98. The area under various land uses in the state is presented in Table 4.6. It shows that the major portion of the land use is under agriculture (48.6%) followed by forest cover (28%).

Table 4.6 : Land Use Pattern in the State Land Use Area in '000 ha Percentage Total geographical area 30824 Reporting Area for land utilization 30756 100 31

Land Use Area in '000 ha Percentage Net area Sown 14975 48.7 Forest* 8688 28.2 Area not available for cultivation 3364 10.9 Permanent Pasture & Grazing land 1341 4.3 Land under misc. tree crops & groves 20 0.06 Cultivable waste land 1175 3.8 Fallow land other than current fallows 596 1.9 Current fallows 596 1.9 Source: DPR * The data is given for 2004-05 (as per availability) including Reserved & Protected Forest 99. Land Use Pattern along the project road Section: Land use pattern along the project road is mixed type dominated by agriculture and residential areas. Chainage-wise land use along the project road is given in Table 4.7. About 1.8 km of the total project road is passing through the reserve forest. There are also few public and private settlements along the project road

Table 4.7 : Chainage-wise landuse pattern along the project road Chainage (km) Existing land use Villages / Towns From To BHIND - ATER 0 3.0 Residential/ Settlements Bhind 3.0 5.5 Agricultural land 5.5 6.5 Agricultural land & village Ghadupura 6.5 10.0 Agricultural & barren land 10.0 14.0 Barren land with patches of settlements Para, Mevarampura 14.0 19.0 Agricultural land 19.0 21.0 Agricultural land & village Pratappura 21.0 26.0 Agricultural land 26.0 27.8 Forest area both side Ater PORSA to ATER 48.0 50.0 Residential/ Settlements Porsa 50.0 52.0 Agricultural land 52.0 56.0 Residential/ Settlements Aarethi,Rajaudha 56.0 60.0 Agricultural land Dondri 60.0 65.0 Agricultural land with sporadic settlements Dhaka 65.0 69.0 Agricultural land & Built-up area Kanera 69.0 71.0 Barren land 71.0 74.0 Agricultural land with settlements Gader, Marolikali 74.0 76.0 Barren land 76.0 83.0 Agricultural land with settlements Chaumo, Navali Source: DPR

4.1.7. Hydrology and Drainage 100. Madhya Pradesh represents great river basins and the watershed of a number of rivers. Catchments of many rivers of India lie in Madhya Pradesh. The Narmada (originating from Amarkantak) and Tapti

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(originating from Multai of Betul District) rivers and their basins divide the state in two, with the northern part draining largely into Ganga basin and the southern part into Godavari and Mahanadi systems. The Chambal, Sipra, Kali Sind, Parbati, Kuno, Sind, Betwa, Dhasan and Ken rivers are the main tributaries of the Yamuna. 101. The project district Bhind lies in lower Chambal basin. Major tributaries are Kwari, Asad, Besali, Sindh & Pahuj rivers. The detail of the catchment area of each river is given in Table 4.8.

Table 4.8 : Catchment area of major tributaries Catchment area in % of the Catchment Length of river in Sub Basin the district (sq. Km.) area in the district the district (Km) Direct Catchment of 257.87 5.79 46.3 River Chambal Asad & Kwari 896.14 20.13 85.0 Besali 1729.28 38.84 57.0 Sindh 785.76 17.65 64.0 Pahuj 783.17 17.59 30.0 Source: DPR 102. Most part of the project district Morena lies in Chambal, Kwari and Sindh Sub-Basin. The district is drained by important rivers like Chambal, Kwari, Asan and Sank. 4.1.8. Groundwater 103. The ground water availability along the project road area is poor. The depth of water table falls below 200 feet during summer season. Most of the wells become dry except in monsoon season. The groundwater quality of the samples collected during field survey in the study area has been summarised in Table 4.9 . The results reveal that the ground water quality conforms to the drinking water standards (Appendix 4.3).

Table 4.9 : Groundwater Quality Along the Project Corridor

S. Location No. Parameters Bhind Gadhupura Ater Porsa 1 Colour Colourless Colourless Colourless Colourless 2 pH 7.6 7.3 6.9 7.2 3 Conductivity (μmhos / cm) 495 475 430 418 4 Turbidity, NTU 3 2 3 2 5 TDS (mg/l) 293 285 264 260 6 TSS (mg/l) 6 5 6 5 Total Hardness as CaCO3 7 (mg/l) 132 135 142 126 8 Chlorides as Cl (mg/l) 26.5 35.2 26.8 28.3

9 Sulphates as SO4 (mg/l) 17.2 18.4 16.3 16.5

10 Nitrates as NO3 (mg/l) ND ND ND ND

11 Phosphates as PO4 (mg/l) 0.05 0.07 0.06 0.06 12 Florides as F (mg/l) 0.55 0.58 0.63 0.49 13 Iron as Fe (mg/l) 0.2 0.15 0.17 0.21 14 Lead as Pb (mg/l) 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.03 33

S. Location No. Parameters Bhind Gadhupura Ater Porsa 15 Copper as Cu (mg/l) ND ND ND ND 16 Nickel as Ni (mg/l) ND ND ND ND 17 Zinc as Zn (mg/l) 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 18 Chromium Total as Cr (mg/l) ND ND ND ND 19 Manganese as Mn (mg/l) 0.05 0.04 0.05 0.06 20 Oil & grease (mg/l) ND ND ND ND 21 Calcium as Ca (mg/l) 30.2 32.7 28.6 31.5 22 Magnesium as Mg (mg/l) 19.2 21.4 17.5 18.3 Source: Analysis of Field Samples 4.1.9. Surface water 4.1.9.1 Surface Water Resources and Drainage Pattern 104. The major rivers in the project area are Sindh, Kwari and Chambal besides, other small streams. River Kwari cross the project road near Para village while Chambal traverses parallel to the project section (Figure 4.3). Kwari and Chambal are found to be perennial as observed. Other water bodies along the corridor are given in Table 4.10. Table 4.10 : List of Surface Water Sources Along/Across Project Corridor Whether Crossing or in Perennial S. No. Name District Buffer Area 1. Sindh River Bhind Crossing the alignment Perennial 2. Kwari River Bhind Crossing the alignment Perennial 3. Chambal River Bhind Buffer Area Perennial Source: Survey of India Toposheet

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Figure 4.3 : Drainage Map of Project Area 4.1.9.2 Surface Water Quality 105. Surface water sample taken from Kwari and Chambal river has been compared with the standards prescribed by Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) for Irrigation- Class D and propagation of wild life and fisheries -Class-E (Appendix 4.4). The results of the samples conforms their suitability for both these purposes. Results of the surface water quality in the project area have been summarized in Table 4.11 Table 4.11 : Surface Water Quality of the river in project area

S. Location Parameters No. Kwari River Chambal River 1 Colour Colourless Colourless 2 pH 7.35 6.8 3 Conductivity (μmhos / cm) 345 385 4 Turbidity, NTU 6 6 5 TDS (mg/l) 225 260 6 TSS (mg/l) 17 21 Total Hardness as CaCO 7 3 140 155 (mg/l) 8 Chlorides as Cl (mg/l) 42.3 35.3

9 Sulphates as SO4 (mg/l) 16.3 15.8

10 Nitrates as NO3 (mg/l) 0.54 ND 35

S. Location Parameters No. Kwari River Chambal River

11 Phosphates as PO4 (mg/l) 0.06 0.07 12 Florides as F (mg/l) 0.4 0.02 13 Iron as Fe (mg/l) 0.16 0.22 14 Lead as Pb (mg/l) ND ND 15 Copper as Cu (mg/l) ND ND 16 Nickel as Ni (mg/l) ND ND 17 Zinc as Zn (mg/l) 0.9 0.7 18 Chromium Total as Cr (mg/l) ND ND 19 Manganese as Mn (mg/l) 0.08 0.06 20 Oil & grease (mg/l) ND ND 21 Calcium as Ca (mg/l) 27.3 26.8 22 Magnesium as Mg (mg/l) 18.3 16.5 23 Total Coliform 33 25 24 DO 4.9 4.3 25 BOD 5.4 4.2 26 COD 14.2 12.8 Source: Analysis of field Samples 4.2. Ecological Resources 4.2.1. Terrestrial Ecology 4.2.1.1 Forests 106. Madhya Pradesh is endowed with rich and diverse forest resources. Lying between lat. 21°04'N and long. 74°02' and 82°49' E, it is a reservoir of biodiversity. The geographical area of the state is 308,144 km2 (118,975 sq mi) which constitutes 9.38% of the land area of the country. The forest area of the state is 95,221 km2 (36,765 sq mi) constituting 31% of the geographical area of the state and 12.44% of the forest area of the country. Legally this area has been classified into "Reserved Forest, Protected Forest and Unclassified Forest", which constitute 61.7%, 37.4% and 0.9% of the forest area respectively. Central, eastern and southern parts of the state are rich, whereas northern and western parts are deficient in forest. The forest cover of the state is shown in Figure 4.4

Figure 4.4 : Forest Cover Map of Madhya Pradesh

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107. Forest Area along the Project Section: A section of the project road i.e. about 1.8 km passes through forest areas5. No threatened or endangered species have been found in these forests. The details of the forest area have been summarised in Table 4.12.

Table 4.12 : Forest details along the project road

S. Chainage Length Side of Road Section Type of Forest No. From To (km) Road 1 26.000 27.800 1.8 Right Reserve Forest Bhind to Ater 2 26.000 27.800 1.8 Left Protected Forest Total (km) 1.8 Source: DPR 4.2.1.2 Flora

108. The vegetation in the study area is found on the edges of fields and along the roadside. The roadside plantation is mainly dominated by Prosopis juliflora and Acacia spp. The Tree species which are observed during the survey are Aam or Mango-Mangifera indica, Eucalyptus spp., Teak- Tectona grandis, Khair- Acacia catechu, Neem- Azadirachta indica, Kikar or Babul- Acacia nilotica, Siris - Albizia lebek, Ber or Indian Jujube- Zizyphus mauritiana, Barh or Banyan- Ficus benghalensis, Pipal or Bo Tree - Ficus religiosa, Bogori - Zizyphus jujuba, Imli or Tamarind- Tamarindus indica, Ghoranim – Melia azedarach, Mahua - Madhuca indica. The shrub species which are observed during the survey area Calotropis procera, Lantana camara, Vitex nigundo, Zyzypus xylopyra, Anona squamosa etc. The list of common trees observed during the present survey along the road is given in Table 4.13. 109. The study area shows presence of medicinal plants. The area abounds in production of many kinds of fruits, flowers, seeds and leaves which have medicinal properties. Study area has got a variety of trees and plants owing to the climatic and geological factors. There are many plants like Mangifera indica, Ailanthus excelsa, Embelica officinalis, Aegle marmelos, Ficus benghalensis which have medicinal value found in the study area. 110. No loss of any threatened, rare or endangered plant species is envisaged in the project area.

5 Reserved Forests - The State Government may constitute any forest-land or waste-land as reserved forests which is the property of Government, or over which the Government has proprietary rights, or to the whole or any part of the forest- produce of which the Government is entitled. Protected forest - The State Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, declare the provisions applicable to any forest-land or waste-land which,, is not included in a reserved forest but which is the property of Government, or over which the Government has proprietary rights, or to the whole or any part of the forest produce of which the Government is entitled. There is small difference between Reserved and Protected Forests in India. The major difference between the two (As per Indian Forests Act 1972) is that all activities in a reserved forest are prohibited unless prior permission is obtained. Whereas in case of protected forests State Govt frames rules for various permittable activities like cutting of trees which can be performed following the rules. 37

Table 4.13 : List of Plant Species in the Study Area S. No. Local Name Botanical Name Family Large Trees 1. Achar Buchanania lanzan (spreg) Anacardiaceae 2. Arjun Terminalia arjuna (Bedd) Combretaceae 3. Aam Mangifera indica (Linn) Anacardiaceae 4. Awla Emblica officinalis Euphorbiaceae 5. Imli Tamarindus indica (Linn) Caesalpiniaceae 6. Kardhai Anogeissus pendula Combrataceae 7. Kala siras Albizia lebbek Leguminosae (Mimoseae) 8. Kevlor Bauhinia purpurea Caesalpinaceae 9. Kumbhi Careya arborea Myrtaceae 10. Kullu Sterculia urens Stcrculiaceae 11. Kem Mitragyna parvifolia Rubiaceae 12. Khair Acacia catechu Leguminosae (Mimoseae) 13. Gular Ficus glomerata Moraceae 14. Gunja Gardenia pinnata Burseraceae 15. Chchwa Albizzia odoratissima Leguminosae (Mimoseae) 16. Chirol Holoptelea integrifolia Legumenosae (Mimoseae) 17. Jamun Syzygium cuimini Myrataceae 18. Kankar Lannea coromandalica Anacardiaceae 19. Tendu Diospyros melanoxeon Ebenaceae 20. Dhavda Anogeissus latifolia Combretaceae 21. Dhobin Dalbergia paniculata Leguminosae (Papilionaceae) 22. Nilgiri Eucalyptus spp Myrtaceae 23. Neem Azadirachta indica Meliaceae 24. Palas Butea monosperma Leguminosea (papilionaceae) 25. Pakar Ficus infectoria Moraceae 26. Padar Stereospermum suaveolens Bignoniaceae 27. Pangra Erythrina Suberosa Leguminosae (Pipilionaceae) 28. Pipal Ficus religiosa Moraceae 29. Bad Ficus bengalensis Moraceae 30. Bahera Terminalia belerica Combretaceae 31. Babul Acacia nilotica Legumenosae (Mimoseae) 32. Bel Aegle marmelos Rutaceae 33. Bhirra Chloroxylon Swietenia, D.C. Meliaceae 34. Maharukh Ailanthus excelsa Simarubiaceae 35. Mahua Madhuca indica Sapotaceae 36. Shisham Delbergia latifolia, Roxb Leguminosae (Papilionaceae) 37. Safed Siras Albizzia procera, Benth Leguminosae (Mimoseae) 38. Sagwan Tectona grandis Verbenaceae 39. Saj Terminalia tomentosa Combretaceae 40. Salai Boswellia serrata Burseraceae 41. Seja Lagerstroemia parviflora Lythraceae 42. Semal Salmalia malabarica, Bombaxcieba Malvaceae 43. Haldu Adina Cardifolia Rubiaceae Small Trees 44. Amaltash Cassia fistula Leguminosae (Caesalpiniaceae) 45. Astara Bauhinia malabarica Leguminosae (Caesalpiniaceae) 46. Asta Bauhinia racermosa Leguminosae (Caesalpiniaceae) 47. Ghont Zizyphus xylopyra Rhamnaceae 48. Ber Zizyphus jujube Rhamnaceae 49. Lokhandi Ixora arborea Rubiaceae

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S. No. Local Name Botanical Name Family 50. Sehra Bauhinia retusa Leguminosae (Caesalpiniaceae) Shrubs and Under Shrubs 51. Adusa Adhatoda vasica Acanthaceae 52. Apamarg Achyranthes aspera Amaranthaceae 53. Arandi Ricinus Communis Euphorbiaceae 54. Aak Calotropis gigantean Asclepiadaceae 55. Gokhru Tribulus terrestris Zygophllaceae 56. Zhadneri Zizyphus nummularia Rhamnaceae 57. Tulsi Ocimum Sanctum Labiatae 58. Thuar Euphorbia nerifolia Euphorbiaceae 59. Dhavai Woodfordia fruticosa Lythraceae 60. Nirgudi Vitex negundo Verbenaceae 61. Neel Indigofera pulchella Leguminosae 62. Pawar Cassia tora Leguminosae (Caesalpiniaceae) 63. Beshram Ipomoea pescaparae Convolvulaceae 64. Bhatkatiya Solanum nigrum Solanaceae 65. Vidyasini Lantana camara Verbenaceae 66. Shatavari Asparagus recemosus Liliaceae 67. Sitafal Anona Squamosa Anonaceae 68. Harsingar Nyctanthes arbortristis Oleacaae 69. Ratanjot Jatropha curacas Evphorbiaceae 70. Gunja Abrus precatorious Leguminosea 71. Gauj Millietia auriculata Leguminosea (Pipilionaceae) 72. Palasbel Butea superba Leguminosea (Pipilionaceae) 73. Amrbel Cuscuta reflexa Convolvulaceae 74. Bans Dendrocalamus Strictus Gramineae Source: Field Study/Secondary Sources and Public Consultation 4.2.2. Fauna

4.2.2.1 Wild Life and Protected Areas

111. There are 9 national parks and 25 sanctuaries spread over an area of 10,862 km2 constituting 11.40% of the total forest area and 3.52% of the geographical area of the state. There are two reserve forests in the bhind district and the national chambal sanctuary in the morena district. The project roads pass through a reserve forest for a length of 1.8 km near 26.00 to 27.800 km chainage. Apart from this the project road does not pass through any wild life sanctuaries/national parks, tiger reserves etc. The details of National Park and Sanctuaries is shown in Figure 4.5 39

Figure 4.5 : National Parks and Sanctuaries in Madhya Pradesh 112. The vegetation density and diversity is an important factor determining the habitat and thus for particular wild animals. Different animals prefer different types of habitat for food and shelter. The public consultation revealed the existence of foxes, hare, and macaque in the study area. Grazing activity mostly performed by domestic animals like cow, buffaloes, goat etc. The list of fauna present in study area is given in Table 4.14

Table 4.14 : List of Fauna found in the Study Area

S. No. Local Name Zoological Name Family 1. Common Langur Presbytia entellus Colobidae 2. Rhesus macaque Macaca mulatta Circopthecidae 3. Common Mongoose Herpestes edwardsi Herpestidae 4. Jackal Canis aureus Canidae 5. Indian Fox Vulpes benglensis Canidae 6. Common five Stripped squirrel Funambulus pennanti Sciuridae 7. Field rat Bandicota bengalensis Muridae 8. Common house rat Rattus rattus-refescena Muridae 9. Common India Porcupine Hystrix indica Hystricidae 10. Common Indian hare Lepus nigricollis Leporidae Source: Field Study/Secondary Sources and Public Consultation 113. The public consultation revealed the existence of Indian python Common skink Rat snake Garden Lizard Indian cobra in the study area. The agriculture field in the study area provides an ideal habitat for these snakes and reptiles. The list of common reptiles found in the study area is shown in Table 4.15

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Table 4.15 : List of Reptiles in the Study Area S. No. Scientific Name English Name Family 1. Python molurus Indian python Pythonidae 2. Mabuya carinata Common skink Scincidae 3. Ptyas mucosus Rat snake Colubridae 4. Hemidactyhus flaviviridis House Lizard Gekkonidae 5. Calotes versicolor Garden Lizard Agamidae 6. Bungarus caeruleus Common India Krait Elapidae 7. Viper russelli Russel’s Viper Viperidae 8. Naja naja Indian cobra Elapidae Source: Field Study/Secondary Sources and Public Consultation 114. No loss of any threatened, rare or endangered species is envisaged in the project area. 4.2.2.2 Avifauna

115. The composition of bird communities is strongly related to the surrounding habitat. The study area is mostly dominated by Agriculture fields with some interspersed openings and shrubby vegetation. These habitat conditions evidently attract numerous bird species. A total number of 23 species of birds were encountered during the present survey. Dominant bird species observed during the survey are Jungle babbler, Common myna, Common crow, spotted dove, Koel, lesser caucal, Blossom headed parakeet, Brahmini myna, House sparrow etc. The list of bird species found in study area is given in Table 4.16.

Table 4.16 : List of Avifauna found in the Study Area S. No. Standard English Name Zoological Name Family 1. Gray Heron Ardea Cinerea Ardeidae 2. Paddy Bird Ardeola grayii Ardeidae 3. Cattle egret Bulbulcus ibis Ardeidae 4. White egret Egretta alba Ardeidae 5. Little Egret Egretta garzetta Ardeidae 6. Black parteidge Francolinus from Colinus Phasianidae 7. Gray partridge Francolinus pond-icerianus Phasianidae 8. Common or gray quail Cotuenix coturnix Phasianidae 9. Red wattled lapwing Vanellus indicus Charadridae 10. Yellow wattled lapwing Vanellus malabaricus Charadridae 11. Common green pigeon Treron Phoenicoptera Collumbidae 12. Blue rock pigeon Columba livia Collumbidae 13. Indian ring dove Streptopelia decaocto Collumbidae 14. Spotted dove Streptopelia chinensis Collumbidae 15. Large Indian Parakeet Psittacula eupatria Psittacidae 16. Rose ringed Parakeet Psittacula Krameri Psittacidae 17. Blossom headed parakeet Psittacula cyanocephala Psittacidae 18. Koel Eudynamys scolopaceae Cuculidae 19. Coucal Centropus sinensis Cuculidae 20. Pied king fisher Ceryle rudis Alcedinidae 21. Small Blue king fisher or Alcedo atthis Alcedinidae Common king fisher 22. White breasted king fisher Halcyon smyrnensis Alcedinidae 41

S. No. Standard English Name Zoological Name Family 23. Green bee eater Merops orientalis Meropidae 24. Indian roller blue jay Coracias benghalensis Coracidae 25. Indian pitta Pitta brachyuran Pittiade 26. Golden oriole Oriolus oriolus Orioladae 27. King crow; Black Drongo Dicrurus adsimilis Dicruidae 28. Large Racket tailed drango Dicrurus paradiseus Dicruidae 29. Pied myna Sturnus contra Sturnidae 30. Common myna Aeridotheres tristis Sturnidae 31. Jungle myna Aeridotheres Sturnidae 32. House crow Corvus splendens Corvidae 33. Jungle crow Corvus macrorhynchos Corvidae 34. Red whisked bulbul Pycnonotus jocosus Pycnontidae 35. Red vented bulbul Pyenonotus cafer Pycnontidae 36. Jungle babbler Turdoidesstriatus Muscicapidae Timalinae 37. Pied Bushchat Saxicola caprata Muscicapidae 38. Magpie Robin Copsychus-saularis Muscicapidae Turdinae 39. Indian Robin Saxicola fulicatus Muscicapidae Turdinae 40. Grey wagtail Motacilla cinerea Motacillidae 41. Yellow Wagtail Motacilla glava Motacillidae 42. Purple sun Bird Nectarinia asiatica Nectarinidae 43. House sparrow Passer-domesticus passerinae 44. Weaver bird Ploceus philippinus passerinae 45. Red Munia Estrilda amandava Estrildinae Source: Field Study/Secondary Sources and Public Consultation

4.2.2.3 Roadside Plantation 116. The major species observed along the section are mango, teak, neem, jamun, palas, saja, seasam, mahua etc. It is observed that about 2094 trees exists within a formation width of 20 m. The Chainage-wise list of trees along the project road is given in Table 4.17.

Table 4.17 : Tree along Project Road (within 20 m width) Chainage (km) Trees S. No. Total From To Left Right Bhind to Ater junction 1 0.0 1.0 30 48 78 2 1.0 2.0 17 22 39 3 2.0 3.0 75 45 120 4 3.0 4.0 60 10 70 5 4.0 5.0 87 25 112 6 5.0 6.0 125 12 137 7 6.0 7.0 70 15 85 8 7.0 8.0 10 0 10 9 8.0 9.0 12 8 20 10 9.0 10.0 35 10 45 11 10.0 11.0 15 7 22 12 11.0 12.0 18 14 32

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S. No. Chainage (km) Trees Total 13 12.0 13.0 22 12 34 14 13.0 14.0 5 8 13 15 14.0 15.0 38 10 48 16 15.0 16.0 15 11 26 17 16.0 17.0 6 9 15 18 17.0 18.0 8 12 20 19 18.0 19.0 29 10 39 20 19.0 20.0 14 5 19 21 20.0 21.0 7 8 15 22 21.0 22.0 15 0 15 23 22.0 23.0 12 4 16 24 23.0 24.0 19 7 26 25 24.0 25.0 25 8 33 26 25.0 26.0 20 0 20 27 26.0 27.0 10 10 20 28 27.0 28.0 0 0 0 Ater Junction to Porsa 1 83.0 82.0 14 9 23 2 82.0 81.0 12 7 19 3 81.0 80.0 8 0 8 4 80.0 79.0 4 14 18 5 79.0 78.0 0 10 10 6 78.0 77.0 12 15 27 7 77.0 76.0 10 25 35 8 76.0 75.0 28 35 63 9 75.0 74.0 9 6 15 10 74.0 73.0 14 20 34 11 73.0 72.0 12 23 35 12 72.0 71.0 10 0 10 13 71.0 70.0 0 8 8 14 70.0 69.0 6 11 17 15 69.0 68.0 8 18 26 16 68.0 67.0 12 41 53 17 67.0 66.0 6 35 41 18 66.0 65.0 18 6 24 19 65.0 64.0 7 1 8 20 64.0 63.0 9 5 14 21 63.0 62.0 0 8 8 22 62.0 61.0 5 30 35 23 61.0 60.0 8 15 23 24 60.0 59.0 16 31 47 25 59.0 58.0 13 18 31 26 58.0 57.0 9 20 29 27 57.0 56.0 11 21 32 28 56.0 55.0 15 30 45 29 55.0 54.0 12 2 14 30 54.0 53.0 8 37 45 31 53.0 52.0 7 46 53 32 52.0 51.0 11 38 49 43

S. No. Chainage (km) Trees Total 33 51.0 50.0 15 21 36 34 50.0 49.0 12 18 30 35 49.0 48.0 0 0 0 Total 1140 954 2094 Source: DPR and Strip Mapping 4.2.3. Aquatic Ecology 117. Only two major fish species were observed viz. Rohu (Labeo rohita) and Catla (Catla catla). There is no breeding or spawning ground of these species in any of the water bodies in the project area since the water availability and flow velocity is quite low and unfavourable for breeding. No migratory fishes are found in these rivers. 4.3. Socio-Economic Environment 4.3.1. Economic Progress 118. The economy of Madhya Pradesh is based on agriculture, forest products, industries, mineral resources, and cottage industry sectors. The gross domestic product of the state amounted to Rs. 304,720 million in 1990, in 1995 this figure amounted to Rs. 478,410 million, and in 2000 this figure was Rs. 737,150 million showing an increasing trend. 4.3.1.1 Agriculture 119. In 2004-05, the state has produced about 14.1 million tones of food grains (comprising Cereals 10.7million tonnes and 3.4million tonnes of pulses) and about 4.8 million tones of total Oilseed (Soyabean production is 3.75 million tones). The state has contributed 7.43% food grains, 8.7% cereals and 21.4% pulses to the national food storage. The contribution of national oil seed production was 22.1% in the 2003-04. Thus the state became highest producer of pulses and second oilseed producer in the country in 2003-04. 120. Economy of Bhind District: The economy of Bhind is mainly agriculture. Dairy is the main source of income of the farmers in the district. The crops cultivated in the Kharif season are soyabean, paddy, cotton, jowar, maize, bajra, pulses, seasum, and sunflower. During the Rabi season, the crops cultivated are wheat, gram, peas, lahat and toria. 121. Economy of Morena District: About 50 percent of the total geographical area is available for cultivation. About 58.74 percent of the cultivable area in the district is irrigated. Canal is the major source of irrigation which accounts for 42.94 percent of the total irrigated area. Wheat is the most important food grain grown in the district. Mustard is the most important oil seed grown in the district. Major kharif crop is Bazra. 4.3.1.2 Mineral Resources 122. Madhya Pradesh is rich in minerals. There are large reserves of coal and important deposits of iron ore, manganese ore, bauxite, limestone, dolomite, copper, fire clay & china clay. Diamond reserves at Panna are of particular interest. There are 24 cement factories in the state. The state is one of the largest producers of cement in the country. The reserves of

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dolomite (66 million tonnes), fuller’s earth (1.2 lakh million tonnes), clay (12030 million tonnes), lime stone, quartz etc. reported in project area. 4.3.1.3 Industries 123. The major industries of the state are electronics, telecommunications, petrochemicals, food processing and automobiles. The state has also taken a lead in the production of cement. The state is also famous for its traditional handicrafts and handlooms manufactured at Chanderi and Maheshwar. The major industrial unit in the state are- cement, Pig Iron, Steel Ingots, News Prints and Sugar mills. Few brick-kilns exist in the project road stretch. 4.3.2. Infrastructure Facilities 4.3.2.1 Water Supply 124. Madhya Pradesh ranks among top states in accessibility and availability of safe drinking water supply. Nearly 90% of the total population gets safe drinking water. Projects districts are also richly endowed by groundwater and surface water resources. Groundwater is primarily used for drinking and domestic purposes in the project influence area. 4.3.2.2 Transportation 125. Madhya Pradesh is poorly served with transport and communication facilities. State has about 21km of roads per 100 sq. km, as amongst an all India average of 62 km per sq. km. The road network is deficient both in the quantum network connectivity as well as in riding quality of the roads, mainly the state highways, district roads and village roads. 126. The main railroads that pass through the state were originally laid down to connect the ports of Chennai, Mumbai and Kolkota with their surrounding areas. Important railway junctions include Bhopal, Ratlam, Khandwa, Itarsi and Katni. 127. Major airports connecting the states with other parts of the country are at Bhopal, Gwalior, Indore, Jabalpur, Rewa and Khajuraho, as well as several national highways. 4.3.2.3 Power Sources and Availability 128. The state is well endowed with potential hydroelectric power. Main hydroelectric projects (jointly developed with other states) are the Babanthadi with Maharashtra, the Ban Sagar with Bihar and Uttar Pradesh, the Chambal Valley with Rajasthan, Narmada Sagar with Gujrat and Rajasthan, and Rajghat and Urmil with Uttar Pradesh. The Hasdeo Bango, Bargi, and Birsinghpur thermal power projects are also within the state. 129. Installed power capacity of Madhya Pradesh is 6305 MW, of which 2990 MW is produced from state’s own projects, 1599 MW from joint-venture projects and 1716 MW from the central sector allocation. Per capita electricity consumption in the state is 270 Kwh. About 97.43% villages in the state have been electrified. Social and Cultural Resources 4.4. Social and Cultural Resources 45

4.4.1. Population and Communities 130. Madhya Pradesh is a landlocked state in the central part of the country with a population of 60.3 million with more than 74% of the population living in the rural areas. The population density of the .state is 196 persons/km2 in comparison to 325 persons/km2 of India. Sex ratio of the state is 920 against the 933 in the country. According to the census 2001, the state of Madhya Pradesh and India has following facts on Population (Table 4.18).

Table 4.18 : Demographic Profile of the State and the country S. No. Feature Madhya Pradesh India 1 Geographical Area (sq. km) 308824 3287240 2 Total Population 60385118 1028737436 3 Male population 31456873 532223090 4 Female population 28928245 496514346 5 Rural Population 44282528 742490639 6 Urban Population 16102590 286119689 7 Density 196 325 8 Sex ratio (female/1000 male) 920 933 9 Literacy (%) 64.08 64.8 Source: Census Data, Census of India, 2001 131. The project road is passing through two districts of Madhya Pradesh covering 18 villages. These villages are listed in Table 4.19.

Table 4.19 : List of villages in the project road Name of Town/Village Start End Bhind - Ater Road Bhind 1/000 3/200 Gadhupura 5/500 6/000 Para 10/100 11/500 Mevaramapura 13/750 13/950 Pratappura 19/500 20/000 Ater 27/320 27/450 Ater Junction- Porsa Road Navali 78/800 78/550 Chaumo 75/850 75/350 Gader 73/600 73/500 Marolikali 72/700 71/900 Kanera 69/300 69/000 Udotgadh 66/400 65/700 Rospara 63/400 63/200 Dhaka 62/900 62/300 Dondri 59/400 59/100 Nivajkapara 56/000 55/800 Rajaudha 54/900 54/500 Aarethi 53/600 52/200 Porsa 49/100 48/000 Source: DPR

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132. The total number of households in the project district is 34547 whereas the total population is 224321. Out of these, the majority (about 81%) is general. The SC/ST population accounts for about 19 % of the total population as shown in Figure 4.6. The figure also reveals that the gender ratio among SC/ST population is almost the same.

8000 7000 6000 M F 5000 4000 3000 2000 Populations (Nos)Populations 1000 0 SC ST

Source: Census of India, 2001 Figure 4.6 : Demographic Status of the Project Section 4.4.2. Literacy 133. The overall literacy rate of Madhya Pradesh is 64.08%, which is almost equivalent to the countries literacy rate (64.8%). The project road passing through two districts of Madhya Pradesh covering 18 villages have total literacy rate of 65.05%. The population of literate male (60.44%) is comparatively high than female literate (58.16%) as shown in Figure 4.7.

Figure 4.7 : Literacy rate along the project section 4.4.3. Occupational Status 134. In the villages of the project road 26.99% of the total population comprise the workforce of the project area 83.67% comprise the male working class population. Marginal population of villages of the project road is 5.18% with 52.4% represented by female population. Maximum percentage of the workers is in the agriculture sector as cultivators or agricultural labourers as shown in Figure 4.8 47

22% 20%

MAIN_CL_P

MAIN WORKER 4% MAIN_AL_P MARG WORKER 5% 3% MAIN_HH_P NON WORKER MAIN_OT_P

73% 73%

35000 4500 4000 30000 3500 25000 M F M F 3000 20000 2500

15000 2000 1500 10000 1000 Population (Nos) Population

populations (Nos) populations 5000 500

0 0 MAIN CL MAIN AL MAIN HH MAIN OT MARG CL MARG AL MARG HH MARG OT

Figure 4.8 : Occupational status along the Alignment 4.4.4. Current use of lands and resources for traditional purposes by Indigenous Peoples 135. Tribal population in the project area is very low (0.28% in the project area). Those living, are in the mainstream of the society and do not depend on forest and its resources for any purpose. 4.4.5. Structures or sites of historical, archaeological, paleontological, or architectural significance 136. There is no such site of significance either impacted or in the close vicinity of the project area. 4.4.5.1 Areas of Eco-Sensitivity/Protected Area/Restricted Area legislative and others 137. The project road is passing through reserve forest region for a stretch of about 1.8 km.

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5. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND ITS MITIGATION MEASURES 138. Environmental impacts have been assessed considering present environmental setting of the project area, nature, and extent of the proposed activities. Suitable approach and qualitative and quantitative techniques were used to ascertain likely direct and indirect impacts during design, construction and operation stages of the project. Impacts are classified as being insignificant, minor, moderate and major. The mitigation measures have been presented along with the impacts. . 139. During the field study, a number of informal consultations were held with people in the locality including those presently living along the various stretches of the sub project corridor. Some NGOs working in the areas were also contacted. Discussions were held with various concerned Government authorities like with Forests Departments, pollution control boards, State environmental impact assessment authority. Outcome of these consultations is referred for environmental impact assessment and designing of mitigative measures. 5.1. Impact on Physical Environment 5.1.1. Climate Design and Construction Phase 140. Project will have no impact on climate of the area. The subproject may have minor impact on weather conditions of the area due to cutting of the 254 trees. Mitigation Measures 141. All efforts are made to minimise the cutting of trees. Supervision consultants will further ensure minimal cutting of the trees during the construction stage. The compensatory afforestation shall be made on the basis 1:7. The plantations shall begin with start of construction. The survival of plantation will be ensured, even if they are planted through concerned forest department. Tree of native variety only will be planted. In addition to above plantation, additional trees shall be planted through village panchayats to improve microclimatic conditions of the area. Operation Stage 142. The sub-project road is located in vast open agricultural land which will provide adequate dispersion of gaseous emission from vehicle. Further, extensive plantation will ameliorate/enhance the micro-climate. It also has associated benefits with respect to Green House Gas (GHG) emission reduction. The GHG emission reduction is anticipated due to improved road conditions and better connectivity. The GHG reduction is anticipated due to reduced idling of vehicle.

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Mitigation Measures 143. It is proposed that MPRDC may initiate study to assess the GHG emission reduction and reap the economic benefits from road improvement projects including higher tree plantation. 5.1.2. Natural Hazard 144. Earthquake: The sub project roads lies in seismic zone II/III as per classification by Bureau of Indian Standards. This means lower to medium seismic intensity. Mitigation Measures 145. All sub-project structures shall be designed with consideration of above seismicity. 5.1.3. Air Quality Design and Construction Phase 146. The potential sources of air emission during the construction phase of the project are: (i) dust from earth works (during site preparation), (ii) emissions from the operation of construction equipment and machines, (iii) fugitive emissions from vehicles plying on the road, (iv) fugitive emissions during the transport of construction materials, (v) air emissions other than dust arise from combustion of hydrocarbons particularly from the hot mix plants, and (vi) localised increased traffic congestion in construction areas. Most of the emissions will be in the form of coarse particulate matter which will settle down in close vicinity of construction site. Hot mix plant will generate carbon monoxide (CO), un-burnt hydrocarbon (HC), sulphur dioxide (SO2), particulate matters (PM), and nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions. This may affect the air quality of nearby areas, especially, due to emission discharge from low height of the stack. However, this will be a temporary phase and hence, no significant impact is envisaged. 147. The stone aggregate will be sourced from licensed quarries. No new quarries shall be open for the project. The pollution related aspects to these quarries are independently complied by the quarry owner. Mitigation Measures 148. Road pavement design should be such that tyre friction due to vehicle movement will be reduced. Vehicles delivering loose and fine materials like sand and aggregates shall be covered. Dust suppression measures like water sprinkling, water fogging shall be applied in all dust prone locations such as unpaved haulage roads6, earthworks, stockpiles and asphalt mixing plant areas. PPE shall be provided to the construction workers to minimise inhalation of respirable suspended particulate matter. 149. Mixing plants and asphalt (hot mix) plants shall be located at least 1 km away and in downwind direction of the human settlements. Material storage areas shall also be located downwind of the habitation area. Contractor shall obtain consent to establish and operate from concerned

6 Water suppression of fugitive dust can reduce emissions from 12% to 98%

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State Pollution Control Board (SPCB) before its use for the project road. Hot mix plant shall be fitted with stack of adequate height (30 m) or as may be prescribed by SPCB to ensure enough dispersion of exit gases. Diesel Generating (DG) sets shall also be fitted with stack of adequate height. Low sulphur diesel shall be used in DG sets and other construction machineries. Construction vehicles and machineries shall be periodically maintained. The possibility of using LPG as fuel source in construction camps instead of wood will be explored. 150. Air quality monitoring shall be carried out during construction phase. Suitable pollution control measures shall be adopted if monitored parameters are found above the prescribed limit. 151. The aggregate will be transported in the covered quarries through existing national and state highways. Operation Phase 152. The bad road conditions, the idling of vehicles are the main causes of the air and noise pollution at present. The improved road conditions will result in the improved ambient air quality. Since traffic is projected to increase with improved roads and better connectivity, the impact will remain more or less same. Since subproject is largely traverse through vast open agriculture areas, which provides adequate dispersion to gaseous pollutants generated from vehicles. Mitigation Measures 153. It is proposed to maintain the road conditions including shoulders and embankment turfing. Thick trees shall be planted close to sensitive locations such as hospital, school boundaries and near religious places. 154. Caution sign for speed regulation and lane driving shall be fixed near habitat areas. Educative awareness boards for safe and fuel efficient driving shall be fixed at selective locations. 5.1.4. Noise Design and Construction Phase 155. Ambient noise level may increase temporarily in the close vicinity of various construction activities, maintenance workshops and vehicles and earthmoving equipment. These construction activities are expected to produce noise levels in the range of 80 – 95 dB(A) (at a distance of about 5 m from the source). Although this level of noise is higher the permissible limit for ambient noise level for residential/commercial levels but will occur only intermittently and temporary. This noise level will attenuate fast with increase in distance from noise source. Impact due to noise during construction activities will be minimal to inhabitants since most of the built-up areas are located at safer distance from the road. However, there are few noise sensitive locations especially schools close to the alignment (Table 5.1)

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Table 5.1 : Noise- Sensitive Locations along the Alignment Offset from the S. Chainage Village Districts Feature Side edge of the No. (km) road (m) 1 0.290 Bhind Bhind Temple Right 7.5 2 1.634 Bhind Bhind Temple Right 7.0 3 3.450 Gadhupura Bhind Temple Left 8.8 4 10.950 Para Bhind Temple Left 5.4 5 10.990 Para Bhind Temple Left 6.6 26.000- Reserve and 6 Ater Bhind Both 1.8 27.800 Protected Forest 7 48.450 Porsa Bhind Temple Left 6.0 8 50.350 Porsa Bhind Temple Left 9.8 9 54.230 Rajaudha Bhind Temple Left 5.3 10 58.430 Nivajkapara Bhind Temple Left 3.3 11 62.230 Dhaka Bhind Temple Left 7.5 12 78.150 Navali Morena School Right 9.9 Source: DPR Mitigation Measures 156. Vehicles and equipments should be fitted with silencers and maintained well. The workers shall be provided with personal protection devices such as earplugs and earmuffs. Tree plantation shall be started along with the construction activities. Noise and vibration monitoring shall be carried out as per the suggested monitoring plan. The construction equipments/machinery (stationary) shall be placed away from habitat areas. Operation Phase 157. During the operational phase, movement of traffic will be the prime source of noise. Traffic congestion and pedestrian interferences increase the use of horns. This may result in increase noise levels at commercial areas, nearby schools and religious places. Mitigation Measures 158. Effective traffic management and good riding conditions shall be maintained to reduce the noise level throughout the stretch and speed limitation and honking restrictions may be enforced near sensitive locations especially at Bhind (0.00), Ater (27.32), Porsa (49.1). Multilayer trees shall be planted close to the sensitive locations. 5.1.5. Impact on Land and Soil 5.1.5.1 Loss of Productive Soil and Change in Land use Design and Construction Phase 159. No land use will change due to the project since required ROW is available throughout the alignment. Land use though will change temporarily of construction camp areas and for the period of construction. This will also result in loss of soil productivity. 160. Land use may also change due to borrowing the earth. Land will also loose its productivity if top soil is not preserved.

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Mitigation Measures. 161. It shall be ensured that the land taken on lease for access road and construction camp is restored back to its original land use before handing it over back to land owner. 162. The top soil from the productive land (borrow areas, road widening areas etc.) shall be preserved and reused for plantation purposes. It shall also be used as top cover of embankment slope for growing vegetation to protect soil erosion. Operation Phase 163. The better access can lead to conversion of agriculture land for residential and commercial purposes close to roads and especially in rural and urban area. This may result in loss of productive land and agricultural produce. Mitigation Measures 164. The EA may explore the feasibility of restricting about 50 m area either side of the road as no development zone on the line restriction are imposed for National Highways in India. 5.1.5.2 Soil Erosion Design and Construction Phase 165. Soil erosion may take place along steep and uncompacted embankment slope, and wherever vegetation is cleared. Soil erosion may have cumulative effect viz. siltation, embankment damage, drainage problem etc. Loss of soil due to run off from earth stock-piles may also lead to siltation. The intensity of soil erosion at different locations will be influenced by the lithology, topography, soil type and climatic condition (mainly rainfall) and drainage pattern. Mitigation Measures 166. Bank protection measures shall be taken at erosion prone areas. The protection measures may include use of geo-textiles matting. Provision of side drain shall be made to guide the water to natural outfalls. Stone pitching shall be carried out wherever necessary. When soil is spread on slopes for permanent disposal, it shall be buttressed at the toe by retaining walls. Side slopes of the embankment shall not be steeper than 2H:1V. Turfing/bio-turfing of embankment and slopes shall be done along the stretch. IRC: 56 -1974 recommended practice for treatment of embankment slopes for erosion control shall be taken into consideration. Soil erosion shall be visually checked on slopes and high embankment areas. In case soil erosion is found, suitable measures shall be taken to control the soil erosion. 167. Though terrain is flat all through the stretch, except at few locations where it is rolling terrain. Therefore, all steep cuts shall be flattened and benched. Retaining wall on both sides shall be provided. Shrubs shall be planted in loose soil area. Operation Phase 53

168. Soil of steep slopes of embankment and near bridge approaches may erode the embankment formation due to unexpected rainfall. Soil erosion condition may arise if borrow areas are not stabilized/restored properly. Regular monitoring for effectiveness of soil erosion measures (turfing, stone pitching, etc.) shall form part of the environmental monitoring during project operation). Suitable strengthening measures shall be taken to prevent reoccurrence of soil erosion at existing erosion prone locations and prevent them at newer locations. 5.1.5.3 Borrow Areas and Quarries Design and Construction Phase 169. The project area is generally having a flat terrain with some portion under rolling terrain, particularly between Bhind-Ater section. Farmers were ready to provide earth from their field up to certain depth on adequate compensation, based on agreements between them and the respective contractor. 170. Borrow areas if left un-rehabilitated may pose risk to people, particularly children and animals of accidentally falling into it as well as become potential breeding ground for mosquitoes and vector born disease. 171. Illegal quarrying may lead to unstable soil condition; destroy the landscape of the terrain, air and noise pollution. Opening of new quarries is not envisaged due to the proposed project. Quarry material will be sourced from existing nearby quarries. Mitigation Measures 172. Borrow pits shall be selected from barren land/wasteland to the extent possible. Borrow areas should not be located on cultivable lands except in the situations where land owners desires to level the land. The top soil shall be preserved and depth shall be restricted to the desired level. Borrow areas should be excavated as per the intended end use by the owner. The Indian Road Congress (IRC):10-1961 guideline should be used for selection of borrow pits and amount that can be borrowed 173. The depths in borrow pits should be so regulated that the sides are not be steeper than 25%. To the extent possible, borrow areas shall be sited away from habited areas. Borrow areas shall be levelled with salvaged material or other filling materials which do not pose contamination of soil. Else, it shall be converted into intended use as per the requirement of land owner/community. The borrow area shall be located/ rehabilitated as per the guidelines given at Appendix 5.1 5.1.5.4 Compaction and Contamination of Soil Design and Construction Phase 174. Soil in the adjoining productive lands beyond the ROW, haulage roads, and construction camp area may be compacted due to movement of construction vehicles, machineries, equipments and due to siting of construction camps and workshops. 175. Soil may get contaminated due to inappropriate disposal of liquid waste, (lubricating oil and fuel spills, waste oil and lubricant and

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vehicle/equipment washing effluent) and solid waste (fuel filters, oily rags) likely to be generated from repair and maintenance of transport vehicles, construction equipment and machinery. Soil may get contaminated due to inappropriate disposal of domestic solid waste and sewage from construction camps. Mitigation Measures 176. To prevent soil compaction in the adjoining productive lands beyond the ROW, the movement of construction vehicles, machinery and equipment shall be restricted to the designated haulage route. The productive land shall be reclaimed after construction activity. Septic tank or mobile toilets fitted with anaerobic treatment facility shall be provided at construction camp. Domestic solid waste at construction camp shall be segregated into bio-degradable and non-biodegradable waste. The non- biodegradable and recyclable waste shall be sold off. Efforts shall be made that bio-degradable waste shall be composted in the mechanised and movable composter by the contractor. Non biodegradable and non saleable waste shall be disposed off to authorised land fill site. If land fill site not available then burial of the waste in a secured manner shall be ensured. 177. Fuel and lubricants shall be stored at the predefined storage location. The storage area shall be paved with gentle slope to a corner and connected with a chamber to collect any spills of the oils. All efforts shall be made to minimise the waste generation. Unavoidable waste shall be stored at the designated place prior to disposal. To avoid soil contamination at the wash-down and re-fuelling areas, “oil interceptors” shall be provided. Oil and grease spill and oil soaked materials are to be collected and stored in labelled containers (Labelled: WASTE OIL; and hazardous sign be displayed) and sold off to SPCB/ MoEF authorized re-refiners. Operation Stage 178. No impact on soil is anticipated during operation phase of the project except along slope lying areas and near bridge approaches where unexpected rainfall may erode the embankment formation and deterioration of borrow areas if not rehabilitated properly. Mitigation measures 179. Erosion prone areas shall be visually checked periodically for any erosion and appropriate corrective action shall be taken if any erosion is identified. Regular monitoring of side drains and cross drainage structures to check blockade situation. 5.1.6. Groundwater Design and Construction Stage 180. Water will be mainly required for compaction of formation and domestic purposes in the workers camp. These requirements will be mainly sourced from groundwater (approximately 300 KL per day). Also, the depth to water table in some part is depleting annually. Any uncontrolled abstraction can further deteriorate the situation. Contamination of groundwater is not envisaged since all construction camps will have 55

septic tanks or mobile toilets depending on the number of workers in each camp. Mitigation Measures 181. The contractor shall make arrangements for water required during construction in such a way that the water availability and supply to nearby communities remains unaffected depending on site specific conditions. 182. Water intensive activities shall not be undertaken during summer period to the extent feasible. 183. Provision shall be made to link side drains with the nearby ponds for facilitating water harvesting. Where ponds are not available, the water harvesting pits shall be constructed as per the requirement and rainfall intensity. Operation Stage 184. No impact is anticipated on groundwater due to the project during operation phase, hence, no specific mitigation is proposed. 5.1.7. Siltation and Surface Water Quality of Rivers and Other Water Bodies Design and Construction Stage 185. The water bodies are not impacted due to the project, no specific mitigative measures are proposed. However, as enhancement measures, the borrow areas can be converted into water harvesting ponds in consultation with the local people. 186. Since most of the major water bodies are seasonal in nature, siltation impact due to bridge rehabilitation works will be negligible, if construction debris/other waste are cleared immediately after construction. The temporary pollution of water bodies from spillage of chemicals and oil at construction sites and waste from construction camps may occur. Soil erosion has direct bearing on siltation. The siltation likely to be caused due to bank erosion has already been addressed above in soil erosion section. 187. Accidental oil and chemicals spills can contaminate the water. Mitigation Measure 188. Siltation Issues: Required mitigation as suggested in soil erosion section shall be taken into consideration. Bridge rehabilitation activity is recommended during non-monsoon (mid-September to mid-June) period. Silt fencing and/or brush barrier shall be installed for collecting sediments before letting them into the water body. Silt/sediment should be collected and stockpiled for possible reuse as surfacing of slopes where they have to be re-vegetated. Chute drains shall be provided to drain surface runoff and prevent erosion from slopes. 189. Fuel and Lubricant Spillage Issue: All equipment operators, drivers, and warehouse personnel will be trained in immediate response for spill containment and eventual cleanup. No vehicles or equipment should be parked or refuelled near water-bodies, so as to avoid contamination from fuel and lubricants. All chemicals and oil shall be stored away from water

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and concreted platform with catchment pit for spills collection. The emergency response procedures including reporting, preferably written in the local language and simple to understand shall be provided by the contractors. The slopes of embankments leading to water bodies should be modified and re-channelised to prevent entry of contaminants. Large construction camps shall be avoided along the alignment and located away from habitation and water bodies. 190. Waste Disposal Issues: All wastes arising from the construction should be disposed in an environmentally accepted manner so as not to block the flow of water in the channels. The wastes should be collected, stored and transported to the approved disposal sites. Construction labourers shall be preferable from local population. Sewage from labour camps will be treated through septic tanks. No untreated sanitary wastewater shall be discharged into surface water bodies. Operation Stage 191. No major or long-term impact is anticipated during the operation phase on the surface water bodies due to the project implementation activities. Oil-contaminated runoff from the road during monsoon will have minimal impacts considering their low concentration. However, regular visual checks shall be made to observe any incidence of blockade of drains. Regular checks shall be made for soil erosion and turfing conditions of river training structures for its effective maintenance. 5.1.8. Hydrology and Drainage Design and Construction Stage 192. The activities involved with proposed road development will be carried out along with existing alignment. No new bridge is proposed to be constructed. Existing bridges/cross drainage structures are only to be improved. Diversion of water channels during rehabilitation of cross drainage structures is not envisaged. Mitigation Measures 193. Elaborate drainage system shall be provided to drain the storm water from the roadway and embankment and to ensure minimum disturbance to natural drainage of surface and subsurface water of the area. The design of drainage system such as surface and sub-surface drainage shall be carried out as per IRC: SP: 42 and IRC: SP: 50. Surface runoff from the main highway, embankment slopes and the service roads shall be discharged through longitudinal drains, designed for adequate cross section, bed slopes, invert levels and the outfalls. If necessary, the walls of the drains shall be designed to retain the adjoining earth. IRC: 34- 1970: Recommendations for road construction in waterlogged area and IRC: 75 and MOSRTH guidelines for Design of High Embankments shall be referred. 194. Provision of additional cross drainage structure shall be made in the areas where nearby land is sloping towards road alignment in both sides. 57

Plate 1: Ch. 5.5 (Near Para village) Plate 2: Ch. 11.2 (Near Para village)

Operation Stage 195. Water accumulation incidence may occur due to inadequate availability of cross drainage structure or clogging of cross drainage structures. Mitigation Measures 196. Regular removal/cleaning of deposited silt shall be done from drainage channels and outlet points before the monsoon season. Rejuvenation of the drainage system by removing encroachments/ congestions will be regularly conducted. 5.2. Impact on Biological Environment 5.2.1. Terrestrial Ecology 197. Existence of Reserve and Protected forest area. 198. Also, to minimise the impact, out of 2094 about 268 trees are likely to be cut due to the proposed road improvement work. The impact and mitigation due to tree cutting has been discussed in following paragraphs. Design and Construction Stage 199. One month before the construction starts, clearing and grubbing will be performed by the contractor. All trees within the ROW with 300 mm diameter at 1 m above the ground will be cut, including the removal of stumps. All stumps and roots of trees of girth more than 33 mm at above 1 m from the ground level will be culled. 200. There are altogether 268 trees likely to be affected due to the project. Most of the roadside trees are non-fruit bearing in nature. The list of trees that will be cut is given in Table 5.2. The cutting of trees will have minor to negligible impact on local environment. Moreover, this will be temporary since large number of trees have been planned to be planted on both sides of the road which will improve the local climatic conditions in long term.

Table 5.2 List of Trees to be Cut

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Proposed Offset from S. No. Side Chainage (km) Centreline (m) Bhind to Ater Jn. (km 1.000 to km 24.000) 1 12.080 Left 4.5 2 12.390 Left 4.0 3 12.410 Left 4.5 4 12.420 Left 4.5 5 12.450 Left 5.0 6 13.300 Right 3.9 7 13.230 Right 4.5 8 13.330 Right 4.0 9 13.340 Right 4.5 10 13.400 Right 5.5 11 13.550 Right 5.0 12 13.700 Left 4.0 13 13.700 Left 4.0 14 14.190 Right 4.5 15 14.260 Left 4.0 16 14.300 Left 5.5 17 14.440 Left 5.0 18 14.550 Right 3.6 19 14.700 Right 5.0 20 15.240 Left 5.5 21 15.360 Right 4.5 22 15.380 Right 5.0 23 15.390 Left 3.5 24 15.450 Left 3.5 25 15.620 Left 5.0 26 15.630 Left 5.0 27 15.730 Left 6.0 28 15.750 Right 2.2 29 16.290 Right 3.5 30 16.300 Right 5.5 31 16.380 Right 4.0 32 17.200 Left 3.8 33 17.200 Right 4.5 34 17.230 Right 4.0 35 17.340 Left 4.0 36 17.570 Left 4.5 37 17.570 Right 3.8 38 17.600 Right 3.5 39 18.500 Left 7.0 59

Proposed Offset from S. No. Side Chainage (km) Centreline (m) 40 19.650 Right 2.5 41 19.680 Left 4.0 42 19.690 Left 4.0 43 19.700 Left 4.5 44 19.790 Left 7.0 45 19.800 Left 6.5 46 19.800 Left 6.0 47 19.810 Left 4.0 48 19.840 Left 6.0 49 20.190 Left 4.5 50 20.210 Left 3.8 51 20.210 Right 5.5 52 20.230 Left 2.5 53 20.280 Right 5.0 54 20.330 Left 5.2 55 20.450 Right 5.0 56 20.670 Right 4.5 57 20.700 Left 5.5 58 21.120 Left 6.4 59 21.340 Right 4.9 60 22.830 Left 7.0 61 23.900 Left 5.0 62 23.910 Right 6.0 63 23.970 Left 5.8 64 23.950 Right 6.5 Ater Jn. To Porsa (km 24.000 to km 57.479) 65 24.150 Right 4.0 66 24.240 Right 5.5 67 24.250 Right 6.0 68 25.720 Right 4.2 69 26.400 Left 6.5 70 26.420 Right 7.0 71 26.520 Right 5.2 72 26.550 Right 5.0 73 26.550 Left 5.5 74 26.700 Right 5.0 75 26.710 Right 4.5 76 26.850 Left 6.0 77 27.020 Left 6.5 78 27.300 Right 5.0

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Proposed Offset from S. No. Side Chainage (km) Centreline (m) 79 27.450 Right 5.4 80 27.730 Right 5.0 81 27.760 Right 5.5 82 27.790 Right 6.8 83 28.010 Left 5.5 84 28.100 Left 6.5 85 28.100 Left 6.5 86 28.270 Left 6.0 87 28.300 Right 5.5 88 28.300 Right 4.5 89 28.300 Right 6.5 90 28.380 Right 6.0 91 28.390 Right 6.5 92 28.500 Left 7.0 93 28.560 Right 6.0 94 28.680 Left 5.0 95 29.060 Left 4.5 96 31.250 Right 6.5 97 31.360 Right 5.5 98 31.380 Left 7.0 99 31.590 Right 4.5 100 31.620 Left 5.5 101 31.780 Left 5.0 102 31.780 Right 4.5 103 32.400 Left 3.5 104 32.600 Left 6.0 105 32.900 Right 4.5 106 33.030 Left 6.5 107 33.400 Left 5.0 108 33.840 Right 6.0 109 33.850 Left 6.5 110 33.980 Left 7.0 111 34.050 Left 6.0 112 34.050 Left 6.0 113 34.440 Right 4.0 114 34.450 Right 4.5 115 34.480 Right 5.5 116 34.490 Right 5.0 117 34.490 Left 6.0 118 34.510 Left 4.0 61

Proposed Offset from S. No. Side Chainage (km) Centreline (m) 119 34.530 Left 5.5 120 34.600 Left 3.5 121 34.690 Left 6.0 122 34.780 Right 5.0 123 34.840 Right 5.5 124 34.860 Right 5.5 125 34.880 Right 5.0 126 34.890 Right 6.5 127 34.900 Left 5.0 128 34.920 Left 6.0 129 34.920 Left 5.5 130 34.950 Left 7.0 131 34.960 Left 5.5 132 34.970 Left 6.0 133 35.020 Right 5.5 134 35.020 Right 5.0 135 35.030 Right 6.0 136 35.020 Left 6.0 137 35.070 Left 7.0 138 35.080 Left 5.5 139 35.180 Right 6.0 140 35.840 Right 5.5 141 35.900 Left 6.0 142 35.900 Left 7.0 143 35.920 Right 6.0 144 35.940 Right 7.5 145 35.960 Right 5.5 146 35.990 Right 6.0 147 36.050 Right 6.2 148 36.140 Left 6.0 149 36.160 Left 5.0 150 36.250 Right 5.5 151 36.290 Right 6.0 152 36.450 Right 4.5 153 36.580 Left 5.0 154 36.800 Left 4.0 155 37.000 Right 3.5 156 37.130 Left 5.0 157 36.900 Right 6.0 158 37.600 Left 6.5

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Proposed Offset from S. No. Side Chainage (km) Centreline (m) 159 37.600 Right 4.5 160 37.650 Left 8.0 161 37.660 Right 4.0 162 37.690 Right 5.0 163 37.710 Left 6.0 164 37.740 Left 4.5 165 37.750 Left 4.5 166 37.760 Left 6.5 167 37.760 Right 5.0 168 37.800 Left 6.0 169 37.850 Left 4.5 170 37.900 Left 5.0 171 37.900 Left 5.0 172 38.600 Right 6.0 173 38.650 Left 4.5 174 40.790 Left 5.0 175 40.850 Right 7.0 176 40.950 Left 6.0 177 40.980 Left 6.0 178 41.080 Left 4.5 179 41.150 Left 4.5 180 41.150 Left 5.0 181 41.240 Left 7.5 182 41.250 Left 6.0 183 41.450 Right 4.5 184 42.790 Right 4.0 185 43.520 Left 3.5 186 43.540 Left 5.5 187 43.600 Right 5.0 188 43.700 Right 4.0 189 43.700 Right 6.0 190 43.700 Left 5.0 191 43.720 Right 6.5 192 43.740 Right 3.5 193 43.750 Left 6.0 194 44.160 Left 4.5 195 44.280 Right 5.0 196 44.470 Right 6.0 197 44.480 Right 5.5 198 44.560 Left 5.0 63

Proposed Offset from S. No. Side Chainage (km) Centreline (m) 199 44.570 Left 5.0 200 44.620 Right 5.0 201 45.300 Right 3.5 202 47.020 Right 5.0 203 47.180 Right 4.5 204 47.520 Left 5.0 205 47.530 Left 4.5 206 47.530 Right 3.5 207 47.550 Right 4.5 208 47.560 Right 4.5 209 47.600 Right 5.0 210 47.640 Right 5.0 211 47.640 Right 6.0 212 47.670 Left 5.5 213 47.830 Right 4.5 214 47.850 Right 5.0 215 47.970 Left 3.5 216 48.060 Right 5.0 217 48.080 Right 5.0 218 48.100 Left 4.5 219 48.100 Right 3.5 220 48.460 Left 6.0 221 48.620 Left 5.0 222 48.790 Left 6.5 223 49.030 Left 3.5 224 49.060 Left 4.0 225 49.400 Right 5.0 226 49.680 Left 6.5 227 49.700 Left 5.0 228 49.720 Right 5.5 229 49.940 Left 4.0 230 50.740 Right 6.0 231 50.920 Right 4.5 232 50.990 Right 7.0 233 51.020 Left 5.0 234 51.030 Left 4.5 235 51.700 Left 5.5 236 51.940 Right 5.0 237 51.970 Right 6.0 238 52.080 Right 5.0

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Proposed Offset from S. No. Side Chainage (km) Centreline (m) 239 52.130 Right 6.0 240 52.140 Right 5.5 241 52.190 Left 6.0 242 52.280 Left 7.0 243 52.290 Left 5.5 244 52.300 Left 6.5 245 52.410 Left 5.0 246 52.450 Left 5.5 247 52.700 Left 3.5 248 52.740 Left 6.0 249 53.720 Left 5.5 250 54.340 Left 6.5 251 54.460 Right 4.5 252 54.520 Left 4.0 253 54.560 Right 6.5 254 54.670 Left 5.5 255 55.450 Left 6.0 256 56.420 Right 4.5 257 56.430 Right 5.0 258 56.520 Left 4.5 259 56.590 Right 5.5 260 56.600 Right 5.5 261 56.620 Right 5.5 262 56.630 Left 6.0 263 56.640 Left 6.0 264 56.850 Left 5.5 265 56.860 Left 6.0 266 56.970 Left 5.0 267 56.970 Right 3.5 268 57.520 Right 5.5 Source: DPR and Strip Mapping Mitigation Measures 201. The reserve and protected forest area exist beyond ROW of project road but widening /construction of road will not affect forest area. The formation width is restricted in forest areas to avoid forest land diversion as well as to preserve the trees Requisite permission from forest department shall be obtained for cutting of roadside trees. 202. The project envisages plantation of approximately 1876 trees along both sides of road as per IRC SP: 21 specifications. This will include the compensatory plantation on 1:7 basis replacement rate. Besides, additional plantation shall be done on river banks near bridge sites to 65

enhance the aesthetics and check soil erosion. All tree plantations will be carried out in close consultation with forest department. 203. A range of 10-15 m centre-to-centre is recommended for spacing of trees (parallel to the road). Setback distance of trees in different situations shall be based on IRC: SP: 21 and IRC: 66. The distance between the kerb, if any, and the nearest edge of tree trunk shall be at least 2 m. The plantation in median shall comprise shrubs whose height would normally not exceed 1-1.5 m and shall be as per IRC SP: 21. 204. For safe traffic operation, vertical clearance between the crown of the carriageway and lowest part of overhang of the tree available across the roadway shall conform to the standards laid down in IRC: SP: 21. The pit size, fencing, watering, and manuring requirements shall also conform to the above standard. Excess use of pesticides shall be restricted. Planting shall be such that it does not obstruct the visibility of traffic from any side and shall be pleasing in appearance. Operation Stage 205. Positive impacts on terrestrial ecology are expected during the project operation due to the increase in vegetation and landscaping along the state highway. The project will coordinate with the local communities to maintain and enhance the trees planted along the state road. ”No adverse impact is anticipated during operation stage except accidental damages or absence of proper tree management“. 206. No direct impact is anticipated during operation stage except accidental damages or absence of proper tree management. Mitigation Measures 207. Arrangement shall be made to ensure survivability of the tree plantation. The Social Forest Department or Divisional Forest Offices shall be consulted or involved in this programme. The tree survivability audit shall also be conducted at least once in a year to assess the effectiveness of the programme. 5.2.2. Aquatic Ecology Design and Construction Stage 208. Large scale/organised fishing was not observed in the rivers/water bodies of the project area. Mitigation Measures 209. No impact is envisaged during construction phase of the project and hence no mitigation proposed. Operation Stage 210. No impact is envisaged during operation phase of the project and hence no mitigation proposed. However, periodic surveillance shall be conducted to check erosion and siltation in major water bodies. 5.2.3. Fauna Design and Construction Stage

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211. Movement of Foxes, Hare and macaque was found in the study area. Mitigation measures 212. Disturbance to these animals will be avoided to the extent possible by restricting the construction time from 6 am – 6 pm. No food and waste littering will be ensured to disturb their natural habitat. 213. All precautions will be taken to minimise noise and other human activity in these areas. Operation Stage 214. The public consultation revealed the existence of Foxes, Hare, and macaque in the study area. Mitigation measures 215. A box culvert of 2.5 m height will be provided especially near forest areas for safe passage of animals 216. Proper sigh board should be there to indicate the presence of wild animals in the study area 217. Signboards indicating the speed limit should be displayed 5.3. Management of Construction Debris/Waste 218. Quarry dust and unused iron bars or damaged support structures constitute significant wastes. Mitigation for solid waste from construction camp has been given in construction camp section. Mitigation measures 219. The existing bitumen surface can be utilized for paving of crossroads, access roads, and paving works in construction sites and camps, temporary traffic diversions, haulage routes etc. 220. All excavated materials from roadway, shoulders, verges, drains, cross drainage will be used for backfilling embankments, filling pits, and landscaping. 221. Unusable debris material should be suitably disposed off at pre- designated disposal locations, with approval of the concerned authority. The bituminous wastes shall be disposed in secure landfill sites only in environmentally accepted manner. For removal of debris, wastes and its disposal MOSRTH guidelines should be followed. 222. Unusable and surplus materials, as determined by the Project Engineer, will be removed and disposed off-site. 223. The locations of dumping sites should be selected with following considerations. • Unproductive/wastelands shall be selected for dumping sites. • Away from residential areas and located at least 1000 m downwind side of these locations, • Dumping sites do not contaminate any water sources, rivers etc, and 67

• Dumping sites have adequate capacity equal to the amount of debris generated. • Public perception and consent from the village Panchayats about the location of debris disposal site has to be obtained before finalizing the location. • Form works will be re-used to the extent possible, more than 20 times as dictated by good practice. All stripped formworks will be examined for any damage and rectified in the workshop for re-use. Rectification includes plugging holes, and straightening bent steel props. 5.4. Socio-Economic Impact 224. Assessment of project impact on socio-economic conditions point to the conclusions that positive benefits are many fold compared to its adverse impact. 5.4.1. Positive Impacts 225. Road-side economic activities will increase due to increased number of vehicle using the road. Economic activities supporting transport like gasoline stations, automotive repair shops, lodging, and restaurants are expected to increase. Increase agro-industrial activities are also expected to take advantage of improved access to urban centres where there are higher demands and better prices for agricultural products. Other generic benefits of such projects are (i) Reduction in travel time (ii) better mode and frequency of transport (iii) access to quality health care facilities, educational and other infrastructural facilities (iv) enhanced tourism activities in the area and state which in many terms will boost the local economy (v) better investment climate for industries creating more employment opportunities to local people. 5.4.2. Anticipated Negative Impacts 226. Minor losses like problems in accessibility and community linkage, health and safety during and after construction, and temporary change in demographic configuration are mitigable with minor to negligible residual impacts. 5.4.2.1 Impacts due to Construction Camp and Immigration of Workers 227. Poor siting and improper management of construction camp may lead to several adverse impacts on environment viz. (i) loss of vegetation due to use of wood as fuel source for cooking (ii) deterioration in nearby surface water bodies’ quality (iii) compaction and contamination of soil due to uncontrolled disposal of solid waste (iv) Poor sanitation may result to transmission of communicable diseases among the workers and the host communities. This include the possible spread of sexually transmitted disease, diseases from improper handling and supply of foodstuffs, poor water supply, insect-borne diseases, and alcoholic and drug. Mitigation measures 228. Construction camp shall be sited at such locations so as to utilise the existing infrastructure. No productive land should be utilised for construction camp. All sites must be graded, ditched and rendered free

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from depressions to avoid water stagnation. Accommodation and ancillary facilities including recreational facility for workers shall be erected and maintained to standards and scales approved by the resident engineer. All camps should maintain minimum distance of 500 m from habitation and water bodies. 229. All construction camps shall be provided sanitary latrines and urinals with provision of septic tanks attached with soak pits. Storm water drains shall be provided for the flow of used water outside the camp. Drains and ditches shall be treated with bleaching powder on a regular basis. Garbage bins must be provided in the camp and regularly emptied and disposed off in a hygienic manner. LPG cylinders shall be provided as fuel source for cooking to avoid any tree cutting, wherever possible. 230. At every workplace, the Contactor will ensure, in collaboration with local health authorities that a readily available first-aid unit including an adequate supply of sterilized dressing materials and appliances shall be provided. Workplaces remote and far away from regular hospitals shall have indoor health units with one bed for every 250 workers. 231. The Contractor will ensure the good health and hygiene of all workers to prevent sickness and epidemics. These include the HIV/AIDS prevention program to reduce the risk and transfer of HIV virus between and among the workers and community, promote early diagnosis and assist affected individuals. Activities under the program include monthly information, education, and consultation communication campaigns to workers, drivers, delivery crew, and communities on the risk, dangers, and impacts of STD and HIV/AIDS. 232. The Contractor will ensure that sufficient supply of suitable and hygienically prepared food at reasonable price is available to the workers. 233. The Contractor will provide adequate and safe water supply for the use of the workers. 234. The Contractor will ensure that all precautions to protect the workers from insect and pest to reduce the risk to health. This includes the use of insecticides which should comply with local regulations. 235. No alcoholic liquor or prohibited drugs will be imported to, sell, give, and barter to the workers of host community. 236. Migrant workers may be the potential carriers of various diseases. Local community may get exposed to the diseases carried by migrant workers. Regular health check-up and immunization camps shall also be organized for the workers and nearby population. 5.4.2.2 Safety of Construction Workers and Accident Risk to Local Community Design and Construction Stage 237. The following safety aspects viz. (i) safety of construction workers, (ii) safety of road users including pedestrians and cyclists (iii) safety to cattle; (iv) safety of local community (iv) unsafe/ hazardous traffic conditions due to construction vehicle movement need to be considered during design and construction stage and (v) conduct of safety audit. 69

Mitigation measures 238. During the construction phase, contractors shall be required to adopt and maintain safe working practices. Internationally accepted and widely used safety procedures should be followed during (i) road works (ii) handling of large construction equipment and machineries, (iii) handling of chemicals and hazardous materials and inflammable substances (iii) welding (iv) electrical works etc. A set of mitigation measures for construction workers have been provided in EMP matrix table. 239. Contractor shall arrange all PPEs for workers, first-aid and fire fighting equipments at construction sites. An emergency plan shall be prepared duly approved by engineer in charge to respond to any instance of safety hazard. The contractor will be required to appoint an Accident Prevention Officer (APO) who will conduct regular safety inspections at construction sites. The APO will have the authority to issue instructions and take protective measures to prevent accidents. The partial control on access for the project road shall be achieved through measures like service road with physical separation for local traffic, intersections, acceleration/deceleration lanes, vehicular and pedestrian underpasses, median openings with shelter lane. 240. The partial control on access for the project road shall be achieved through measures like service road with physical separation for local traffic, intersections, acceleration/deceleration lanes, vehicular and pedestrian underpasses, median openings with shelter lane. 241. Grade separated intersections/junctions shall be provided at all major intersections in consistent to IRC: 92. 242. Pedestrian/cyclist and cattle passageways shall be provided near identified locations. These facilities shall be planned in accordance with the relevant provisions contained in IRC-11, IRC-17 and IRC-103. The crossing facilities can be designed either in conjunction with grade intersections or through underpasses. 243. To avoid disruption of the existing traffic due to construction activities, comprehensive traffic management plan shall be drawn up by the concessionaire. Traffic in construction zones shall be managed as per the provisions of IRC SP 55. 244. After construction is completed in a particular zone, it shall be opened for normal operation. All diversions/access roads should be closed before start of normal operation. 245. Use of retro-reflectorized traffic signs, and cantilever/gantry types overhead signs, thermoplastic road marking paints, delineators, traffic cones, empty bitumen drums, barricades, and flagmen will be used to ensure traffic management and safety. Conduct of regular safety audit on safety measures adopted during construction. The audit will cover manpower and their safety, machinery, temporary works, equipment and vehicles, materials storage and handling, construction procedures, environment, site safety guidelines, and miscellaneous services. Operation phase

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246. Important issues related with safety during operational phase are monitoring of emergencies and establishing procedures to carry out rescues during sudden disasters such as floods, fires especially near habited areas. Mitigation Measures 247. It is proposed to explore the feasibility of providing the following facilities:

o Highway patrol unit(s) for round the clock patrolling to provide assistance to the users in case of any need, monitor the travel conditions to provide information to the control section and to undertake immediate measures for managing the traffic flow in case of any incident.

o Phone booths for accidental reporting and ambulance services with minimum response time for rescue of any accident victims.

o Tow-away facility for the break down vehicles. 248. MPRDC may also explore the possibility of coordination with operating agency of intersecting National Highways to have common facilities and share the costs as appropriate. 5.4.3. Obstruction and Disruption of Traffic Construction Phase 249. Disruption of access to infrastructure or social resource due to construction activity will cause nuisance and to a certain extent additional cost to the public in terms of longer travel period due to diversion or heavier traffic. It will also pose risk of accident to motorist at night if these blockages and disruption are not clearly demarcated. Mitigation Measures 250. The contractor will submit a Traffic Plan to the Project Engineer at least two weeks before the construction starts that will result to obstruction. The plan will include a drawing of temporary diversions and details of arrangement. It will also include plan for transportation of raw materials like quarry, sand etc. A section of the Traffic Plan will be a Control Plan that details how the safety of the pedestrians and workers and delineation of the roadway at night. This plan will recommend for approval of safe and convenient temporary diversion of traffic during construction, design of barricades, delineators, signs, markings, lights, and flagmen, among others. 251. Paved shoulder will be provided on one side of the existing road by the contractor with the following minimum requirements: • At least one 3.5 m lane to remain to traffic at all times • The surface used by the through traffic will be firm bituminous compacted surface free of defect • The maximum continuous length over which construction under traffic may take place is limited to 750 meters. • Construction activity will be restricted to only one side of the existing road. 71

252. On stretches where it is not possible to pass the traffic on the part width of existing carriageway, temporary paved diversions will be constructed. These paved diversions will comply with standards on junctions and temporary cross drainage. 253. Transportation of quarry material to the construction sites through heavy vehicles shall be done through existing major roads to the extent possible. This will restrict wear and tear to the village/minor roads. Small vehicles/un-motorised vehicle can also be used for its further transportation to the construction sites from temporary storage areas. 5.4.4. Transportation and Storage of Materials 254. The construction material primarily will consist of aggregate, sand, cement, bitumen, lubricating oil and fuel for vehicle and construction equipments. These will be stored temporarily at construction camps. Oils, fuels and chemicals will be stored on concreted platform with spill collection pits while cement will be stored under cover. All these temporary storage areas will be located at least 150 m away from the habitat. The likely impacts due to transportation and storage including fugitive emission have already been covered under different section above. 5.4.4.1 Impact on Land and Private Properties 255. The assessment made by the resettlement expert shall be referred for exact loss of private properties and measures to compensate such losses. Environmental screening of resettlement sites, if required for the project, shall be carried out. Besides monetary compensation for any loss of private trees, compensatory afforestation and extensive plantation has been incorporated in the EMP to have long-term environmental benefits. 256. Income restoration measures/livelihood options for vulnerable group/resource poor sections and other affected persons as recommended by social development/resettlement expert shall be implemented. 5.4.4.2 Impact on Common Property Resources 257. There are various types of community structures/ facilities/utilities along the proposed alignment. Geometric adjustments have been made to minimize the loss to any such facilities. Any such structures even falling within ROW but out of required formation width shall be saved. Alternate access has to be provided to these structures during construction stage. No community structures are likely to be dismantled/relocated. The impact on other community properties has been provided at Table 5.2.

Table 5.3 : Common Property Resources Along the Corridor Offset from S. No. Chainage (km) Feature Side edge of road (m) Bhind to Ater 1 0.290 Temple Right 7.5 2 1.634 Temple Right 7.0 3 2.750 Temple Left 10.9

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Offset from S. No. Chainage (km) Feature Side edge of road (m) 4 3.450 Temple Left 8.8 5 5.750 Temple Right 18.6 6 10.950 Temple Left 5.4 7 10.990 Temple Left 6.6 8 13.450 Temple Right 14.8 9 14.300 Temple Left 17.6 10 15.720 Temple Right 11.4 Porsa to Ater 11 48.450 Temple Left 6.0 12 50.350 Temple Left 9.8 13 51.800 School Left 10.6 14 52.050 School Left 19.6 15 52.300 Temple Right 16.6 16 53.600 Temple Right 25.5 17 54.230 Temple Left 5.3 18 56.050 Temple Left 13.8 19 58.430 Temple Left 3.3 20 59.150 Temple Left 23.7 21 59.255 School Right 13.8 22 62.230 Temple Left 7.5 23 62.450 Temple Right 23.5 24 62.450 School Right 11.9 25 63.300 Temple Right 21.0 26 65.990 Temple Right 19.4 27 69.050 School Left 14.5 28 69.885 Temple Right 23.9 29 71.250 Temple Right 24.9 30 71.880 School Right 31 72.100 Temple Right 20.5 32 72.450 School Left 19.0 33 78.150 School Right 9.9 34 78.250 Temple Right 21.5 35 78.340 Temple Right 37.3 Source: DPR 5.5. Cumulative and Induced Impact 258. Cumulative Impact: The area along the present road section SH-2 is developing. The road already exists and proposed project will facilitate the pace of development. Some of the cumulative impacts will be deterioration in the air and noise quality especially at the congested locations like Bhind, Ater, Porsa, Aarethi due to increased traffic. The ancillary development activity will put pressure on agricultural and vegetated areas especially near Pratappura, Dondri, Dhaka. However, these activities will be slow and impacts are expected to be minimal. 259. On the contrary, the proposed road development will improve the drainage system of the area especially near Sindh and Kunwari River and other rolling terrain areas due to additional culverts and over-toppings 73

which were water logged during monsoon season. The higher amount of compensatory afforestation (1:7) will increase the aesthetics along the ROW and help in cleaning of the polluted air. The improved accessibility will also result in increased industrial and commercial developments especially near Para, Mevarampura, Pratappura, Ater, Porsa, Gader etc. The net impacts are expected to be more positive. 260. Induced Impact - The induced impact from the project will be mainly due to the related developmental activities and improved infrastructural development like building construction and commercial establishment. This is likely to result in net positive impact due to overall social development.

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6. PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE 6.1. Consultation Method and Information Disclosed 261. Consultations were held during different stages of the preparation of IEE. To address the key environmental issues, consultations at various levels with local people and government departments were conducted to arrive at socially and technically accepted solutions. A comprehensive consultation with all stakeholders was conducted at the project section. 262. Stakeholder’s consultations were held with the intent to understand their concerns, apprehensions, overall opinion and solicit recommendations to improve project design. Informal meetings, interviews were organized covering the entire project stretch. The informal consultation generally started with explaining the sub projects, followed by an explanation to potential impacts. Participant’s views were gathered with regard to loss of agricultural land, effect on air and noise quality of the area due to traffic, water availability, accident and risk. 263. The discussions were designed to receive maximum inputs from the participants regarding their acceptability and environmental concerns arising out of the sub-project. They were given the brief outline of the project to which their opinion was sought. Suggestions were also sought for mitigating any potential adverse impact. 6.2. Compliance with Relevant Regulatory Requirements 264. In India, public consultation is mandatory in case of Category A and B1 category projects7 in select conditions. Being a category B project as per ADB Environmental Guidelines 2003, consultation was carried out during the early stage of IEE report preparation. The requirement of public consultation during the implementation of the project has been proposed as part of the mitigation plan. 265. Public consultation was undertaken consistent with the ADB requirements. All the five principles of information dissemination, information solicitation, integration, co-ordination and engagement into dialogue were incorporated in the consultation process. A framework of different environmental impacts likely from the project was strengthened and modified based on opinions of all those consulted, especially in the micro level by setting up dialogues with the village people from whom information on site facts and prevailing conditions were collected. 6.2.1. Consultation with Executing Agency 266. Officials of executing agency provided technical information’s about the project. All issues related to effective implementation of EMP, grievance redress mechanism, various clearances/consent and permission required prior to and during implementation were discussed. Mr. Vivek Agarwal and Mr. P.K. Chaturvedi, Managing Director and Deputy General Manager of Madhya Pradesh Road Development Corporation (MPRDC), expressed their organization’s committment to implement the

7 As per schedule I of EIA notification number S.O. 1533, dated 14th September 2006. This notification also defines when a public consultation is mandatory. 75

project in environmentally sustainable way and as per the applicable laws/regulations/guidelines and safeguard requirements of ADB and the country. They also shared about lessons learnt from ongoing project. 6.2.2. Consultation with other Government Departments 267. All relevant government departments/agencies including forest and wildlife, fisheries, pollution control board, water resources, and DRDA were consulted for collection of available information their views/ comments and suggestions about the project. 268. Forest officials of the Bhind and Morena District informed about the existence of forests in the project area. They were also interacted about the existing rules and norms with regards to forest resources and compensation in case of cutting of roadside trees. The officials’ assured their cooperation in compensatory afforestation work. 269. The list of government officials contacted, along with purpose/objective has been summarised in Table 6.1.

Table 6.1 : Summary of Consultation with Government Officials S. Name of Official Department Issue discussed No. Consulted PCCF (Working Plan), Status of forest in state, Impacts on 1. Mr. Dubey Forest Department, forest, mitigation options, Satpura Bhavan, Bhopal Environmental friendly forest activities Sr. Scientist, Environmental Issues in the state, legal Madhya Pradesh framework of MoEF and revised EIA 2. Dr. Rita Kauri Pollution Control Board notification 2006, applicable permits & Paryavaran Bhavan, clearances, Impacts of proposed project Bhopal on environment, Scientist, Environmental Issues in the state, legal Madhya Pradesh framework of MoEF and revised EIA 3. Dr. Abhay Saxena Pollution Control Board notification 2006, applicable permits & Paryavaran Bhavan, clearances, Impacts of proposed project Bhopal on environment, Environmental quality in the state and Superintending Engineer major urban centres. Capacity of Mr. Rajesh Madhya Pradesh pollution control board in environmental 4. Srivastava Pollution Control Board management and monitoring Paryavaran Bhavan, requirements of SPCB in the proposed Bhopal project.

Dy. Conservator of Status of forest in state, Impacts on 5. Mr. S. P. Sharma Forest, Forest forest, mitigation options, Department, Bhopal Environmental friendly forest activities

Conditions of road network in state, scope of road improvement, Managing Director, 6. Mr. Vivek Aggarwal environmental issues related with road MPRDC, Bhopal improvement, capacity enhancement of MPRDC, future plans

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S. Name of Official Department Issue discussed No. Consulted Conditions of road network in state, DGM (Environment), scope of road improvement, 7. Mr. Alok Chaturvedi MPRDC, Bhopal environmental issues related with road improvement Conditions of road network in state, scope of road improvement, Mr. Piyush.K. environmental issues related with road 8 DGM, MPRDC, Bhopal Chaturvedi improvement, implementation schedule of various activities, organizational setting of MPRDC, Sooraj Bhan, Devender Singh, Status of forests along the project road, Chaturbhuj, Pappu Forest Guards, Range presence of flora and fauna species in 9. – Forest guard officers, local community the forests, forest boundaries and road leaders encroachments B.S. Hotagi – DFO Morena

6.2.3. Consultation with NGOs 270. All the NGOs welcome the project. They express concern over afforestation programme. NGOs also demand to pay attention for survival rate of the trees. Awareness camp among the people regarding road safety is also suggested. The outcome of consultation with NGOs is summarised below in Table 6.2

Table 6.2 : Summary of Consultation with NGOs Contact Name of NGOs Remarks Person BYPASS - Bhopal Yuwa Mr. Akhilesh • Welcomed the project Paryavaran Shikshan Singh Yadav • Raised concerns about the impact on and Samajik Sansthan reserve forests through the project stretch Chunabhatti, Bhopal, • Expressed his concern about use of fodder M.P.-16 from the forest being used during construction phase • Suggested minimal tree cutting and proportional afforestation Ecosake Society for Mr. Kinshuk • Welcomed the project Environment Tiwary • Expressed his desire that adequate Conservation and Social compensation should be provided, as per Awareness the latest R&R policy, to the people Bhopal-16 affected from this project • Desired minimal impacts on forest and other mineral resources in the region from the project • Desired involvement of Local skilled and unskilled labour during construction activities Green Hurt Nature Club Jai Sharma • Welcomed the project M.P. Nagar, Bhopal-11 • Emphasized the need of plantation of local

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Contact Name of NGOs Remarks Person tree species for the roadside plantations. • Raised his concerns on the land filing/borrow activity suggested about prevention of top soil • Desired the need of awareness/ training program for the contractors and labourers to educate them for environmental issues. Forum for Environmental Dr. R. Mathur • Welcomed the project Protection • Expressed his concern regarding water Gwalior - 474011 logging problem during construction phase at many places. • Raised his concerns about health and safety schemes to be provided to construction labours especially during monsoon period. • Emphasized on the need of identification of sites for disposal of construction debris before the start of civil works. • Wanted banning of old vehicles on these roads by Government to reduce the pollution. Energy Environment and Ajit Kumar • Welcomed the project Development Group Saxena • Raised his concerns about the problem of R-12, II Floor electricity and its role in number of Above Central Color Lab accidents that occurred on this road due to Bhopal - 462003 it. • Enquired about the compensation to be provided to the displaced/affected people. Centre for Envirocare Mahendra • Welcomed the project and Energy Technology Kumar Shukla • Expressed his concerns about the cutting E-7/466 Arera Colony of trees and stressed the need for their Bhopal - 462016 rehabilitation and afforestation. Madhya Pradesh • Suggested the need of increasing the awareness among contractors, labourers and villagers.

6.3. Beneficiaries’ Comments 271. The project has immense acceptability among the local people. They perceived that in addition to providing all weather connectivity, the sub- project road will bring positive socio-economic changes in the area. Local people mainly discussed on issues related to rehabilitation and resettlement and proper vigilance of construction work. They suggested minimising acquisition of agricultural land as much as possible since livelihood of the people is principally dependent on agriculture. 272. People of villages located adjacent to the proposed road like Bhind, Ater, Dhaka, Aarethi and Porsa demanded for crossing-over facility/service roads, drainage, wayside amenities, and safety provisions.

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273. Villagers of Bhind highlighted that proper vigilance of work need to be done to avoid misuse of public fund by the contractors. 274. Other common demands included modifications of alignment near orchards and religious structures. The people wanted consultation before relocation of such structures. They were also concerned about the safety issues related with increase in traffic due to improved road conditions. The list of participants, their views, and outcome of the consultations have been summarised in Table 6.3.

Table 6.3 : Consultation with local community S. Village Name of Particpiant Issues and Outcomes No. 1. Bhind Niranjan Kumar . Welcomed the project (cobbler) . Complained about the bad road conditions Md. Yusuf (farmer) especially during monsoon period due to which Asharaf Zilani (Tailor) movement and business is severely affected. Srikant Gupta . Expressed their concern on the safety aspect in (shopkeeper) the post-project scenario. Mani (shopkeeper) . Expressed their desire to further widen the road for smooth movement. . Supported the project with whatever help they can as they have to face immense hardship to meet their ends due to bad road. 2. Pratapp Akhilesh Pandey . Welcomed the project ura (shopkeeper) . Complained about the bad road conditions Avadesh Pandey especially during monsoon period due to which (shopkeeper) movement and business is severely affected. Bhure lal (labour) . Complained about the absence of street lights Satish Soni (farmer) due to which many accidents (about 10-12 in a Dharamendra month) take place. (student) . Expressed their concern on the safety aspect in Saleem (press the post-project scenario. reporter) . Raised the issue of water logging at some low Mayaram (farmer) lying areas near Para village. 3. Ater Daya singh (farmer) . Welcomed the project Nandu chaudhary . Expressed their concern on the safety aspect in (farmer) the post-project scenario. Rakesh (student) . Enquired about the inclusion of local people Govind singh during construction phase (student) . Enquired about the project schedule and Gaya Prasad activities (farmer) Chotku (vendor) Ram Janam (vendor)

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Plate 1: Discussion with villagers at Pratappura

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7. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN AND GRIEVANCE REDDRESS MECHANISM

7.1. Environmental Management Plan 1. The Environmental Management Plan (EMP) is prepared to facilitate effective implementation of recommended mitigations measures with defined roles and responsibility, regulatory compliance requirements, stages of implementation with location, time frame and costs. The mitigation measures are proposed to eliminate or minimise the identified impact associated with design, construction and operation stages of the project, to acceptable level by adopting the most feasible options. 2. The EMP consists of action plans for (i) implementation of recommended mitigation measures, (ii) environment quality monitoring during construction and operation stage to assess the effectiveness of mitigation measures proposed, and (iii) institutional capacity building and training. The EMP is detailed at Appendix 7.1.

7.1.1. Social Development and Indigenous People Development Program (IPDP): 3. A separate Social Impact Assessment study is undertaken and social development programme is addressed as per this study. The involuntary resettlement issue is also addressed under separate study. However, the correlated issues like safety of habitats and workers, protection of common physical cultural resources, safe passage of habitats are addressed under environmental assessment and mitigation plan. 4. Since there is no indigenous population likely to be affected in the project area, IPDP is not envisaged. This has to be confirmed based on the social assessment.

7.1.2. Emergency Response Plan 5. Assessment of nature, type and extent of project activities establishes that accidents on paved roads and consequent spillage can be the more frequent emergency. Other situation includes road overtopping due to heavy flood. It is suggested to develop a communication and response system to minimize the response time. The project authorities shall be prepared to counteract against such emergency either by developing in- house capabilities or by associating with any competent agency. 7.2. Environmental Monitoring Program (EMoP) 6. The environmental monitoring programme is prepared with aim to monitor the environmental performance of environmental management plan. The EMOP is planned with the focus on following objectives: • To the assess the effectiveness of mitigation measures proposed • To assess the change in environmental quality during construction and operation stage with respect to before the project scenario. 81

• To assess compliance to regulatory requirements • To monitor the status of corrective action taken in case of deviation from the planned measures or regulatory requirements. This will be used as performance indicators for the project. A monitoring plan defining the parameters to be monitored, with sampling locations, frequency of measurements, cost and responsibility for various component of environment is prepared for all stages of project and provided as Appendix 7.2.

7.2.1. Monitoring schedule and performance indicator 7. The monitoring schedule has been developed based on the possible occurrence of adverse impacts and required mitigation actions. However, this schedule is subject to change depending on the analysis results obtained. The performance indicators and protocol for changing the monitoring schedule is given below. 7.2.1.1.1 Tree Plantation 8. The 75% survival rate of re-plantation shall be monitored on the first year of the operation phase. If the survival rate is found below 75%, necessary measures will be taken to increase the survival rate and monitoring shall be again taken up on the third year of operation. This cycle should continue until the 75% survival rate is achieved.. 7.2.1.1.2 Soil Erosion and Drainage Congestion 9. No significant soil erosion problem is anticipated due to the project either in the construction phase or in the operation phase. However, in the construction phase, some localised soil erosion may be noticed owing to construction activities. However, if soil erosion is noticed during construction and operation phase, the corrective action shall be initiated and frequency of check be increased to assess the tendency of occurrence. 10. The cross drainage structure shall be free from siltation. Visual check shall be made periodically to identify any drainage congestion or water logging along the road. Appropriate corrective action shall be taken to clear the congestion and prevent reoccurrence. 7.2.1.1.3 Air and Noise Quality 11. Due to the variability of the construction activities, namely changes in batch composition, type of construction activity and other anthropogenic influences, the ambient air quality of the project area may change. If the air quality with respect to any parameter exceeds by more than 25% of its last monitored value, the monitoring frequency shall be doubled and cause of the increase investigated. If the construction activities are found to be the reason for this increase, suitable measures should be adopted. 12. Similarly, due to the variability in traffic movement, namely changes in traffic volume, traffic compositions and other anthropogenic influences, the noise quality in the project area is likely to change. If the noise

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quality exceeds by 20% of the applicable ambient noise quality standard or 5% of its last monitored value, the monitoring frequency shall be increased and the cause of the increase investigated. If the construction activities are found to be the reason for this increase, suitable measures should be adopted. 7.2.1.1.4 Water Quality 13. No significant change in water quality is perceived due to the project in the operation phase. However, in the construction phase, the monitored values for pH, BOD, COD, TDS, DO and Oil & Grease might change owing to construction activities. Hence, it is suggested that if the monitored value for any water quality parameter exceeds by more than 20% of its last monitored status the monitoring frequency shall be increased.

7.2.2. Authorities and their Responsibilities for Implementation of EMoP 14. The most essential component of the Environment Monitoring Plan is the execution of the Plan in accordance with the monitoring schedule provided therein. The field officer concerned at PIU will be responsible for timely monitoring of various parameters and compliance with the mitigative measure proposed. He can execute this task through supervision consultant. A resultant database is proposed to be maintained. A Management Information System (MIS) is also put in place for effective flow of information between various levels and functions within the MPRDC. 15. The monitoring reports shall be sent to Sr. Manager (Environment & Social) at head office with copy to Divisional Officer. 7.3. Institutional Setting and Proposed Implementation Arrangement 16. M. P. State Road Development Corporation (MPRDC) is responsible for the development of state roads. MPRDC has set up divisional offices which act as Project Implementation Unit (PIU). Each PIU is headed by Divisional officer who is supported various engineers (field officers). These field officers also have the responsibility to comply with various regulatory permitting and compliance monitoring requirement. A Sr Manager (Environment & Social) is posted at Head Quarter who is responsible for overall environment and social management of sub projects. He reports to Dy General Manager who is responsible for the implementation of MPSRP_II and co-ordinate with ADB to monitor all environmental requirements of this subproject. 17. For subproject planning and implementation, Project Implementation Unit/s (PIUs) are established. This is headed by Divisional Officer and supported by Field officers. It is proposed to designate one of the field officers with additional responsibility of environment and social management. This officer shall be given adequate training for effective environmental management and monitoring. The designated field officer will be responsible for implementation and monitoring of EMP. Field Officer will monitor the compliance directly or with the help of supervision consultant. SQC will also supervise the contractor for complying the EMP requirements, monitoring requirements and obtaining the required 83

permits. Divisional officer will overall responsible for ensuring effective implementation of EMP at PIU level who will ensure it through field officer and SQC. Field officer will be fully responsible for operation stage monitoring. 18. The EMP will be included in the construction contract and the contractor will be responsible for its implementation. MPRDC will monitor the implementation of these mitigation measures by the contractors through Sr Manager Environment, Field Officers at PIU and SQC. The field officers at PIU level will be responsible for compliance monitoring and periodic reporting to divisional officer and Sr. Manager Environment at Head office. 19. The roles and duties of various agencies responsible for monitoring have been outlined in Table 7.1. The flow diagram depicting the institutional arrangement for implementation EMP and EMoP has been given as Figure 7.1. Table 7.1 : Roles and Duties of Implementing Agency/Organisations HQ MPRDC Contractor PIU Supervision Consultant • Obtain statutory • Obtain permits as • Joint verification to • Assist and advise the clearances required required during be carried out by PIU in matters relating during pre-construction construction stage HQ, PIU, SC to environment and stage Contractor Env. social matters. • Joint Verification Manager. • overall project Exercise including, • Compliance reporting coordination and PMU CMU, SC for • Overall Supervision to EMP and clearance management through review of EMP of implementation of conditions PIU supported by SC EMP • Interaction with Sr • Provide corrective • Interaction and Manager (Env. & • Environmental action if any deviation Reporting to ADB. Social) , PIU and SC monitoring through to EMP is identified Submission of approved laboratory progress reports to • Contractor’s Env. or through SC • Part of Joint ADB atleast once in a Officer will be primarily Verification Exercise • Verification of year. responsible for to be carried out by implementation EMP consent taken by HQ, PIU and • Effective contractor for Contractor for review • implementation of Filling of Reporting opening of borrow of EMP for EMP and Monitoring of Format and submitting areas, and setting up modification in EMP to SC labour camps. enhancement Ensuring restoration • Compilation of data • Monitoring through measures (if required) as per initial relating to approved agency. agreement with land • Ensure that the implementation of • Preparation of various owner contractor define the EMP. plans for effective cost of environmental • Keeping records of • Advising and implementation of measures like borrow all consents obtained suggesting corrective EMP as detailed out in area rehabilitation etc by contractor. measures to adhere to EMP and submitting it which are shown as time schedule for for approval to SC • Compilation of data part of construction implementation of relating to cost under EMP • EMP. Identification of sites implementation of matrix (Appendix 7.1) for labour camps, hot before the start of • EMP. Carry out mix plant, batch mix construction. This • verification/supervision plant, debris disposal Filling of Summary amount shall be exercises for etc Sheets and reporting released against implementation of to HQ. completion of

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EMP with respect to • Approval of plans respective EMP modification (if prepared by measures. required) for contractor • enhancement Supervise • Addressing measures. implementation of grievances of local EMP/EMoP by community and contractor information • dissemination Develop good through practices construction NGOs/CBOs. guidelines to assist contractor in implementation of EMP • Conduct consultations programs with the stakeholders on regular basis to get first hand information on the inconvenience caused to contractor’s activities such as noise, debris disposal etc. • Ensure submission of compliance report to EMP/EMoP once in six month to PIU

HQ MPRDC Asian DY General Manager Developmen (MPSRSP II) t Bank

Social and Env. Group (Proposed) 85

Figure 7.1 : Proposed Structure for EMP/EMOP Implementation

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7.3.2. Institutional / Capacity Building 20. Capacity Building: As per the existing structure, one officer at Sr. Manager Level is responsible for Environmental and social aspect at MPRDC. Considering the increasing magnitude of activities, it is proposed that another manager level officer be appointed to support Sr. manager’s activities. The group shall be named as Environmental and Social Group. To facilitate and streamline this group’s activities it is proposed to develop the Environmental and social impact guidelines. This will standardise the impact assessment, regulatory compliance and environmental quality monitoring mechanism. 21. Training and Awareness: To enhance the capacity of officials for effective implementation of proposed mitigation measures and monitoring the resultant effects, as well as create awareness amongst workers and public, the training and awareness programme is planned and is given as Table 7.2. The institutions/agencies like regional office of MoEF, SPCB/CPCB, and Indian Institute of Technologies can be consulted for such trainings. Independent subject’s experts/consultants (e.g., for the environmental awareness program, impact assessment specialist will be the resource person) can also be the resource persons to impart trainings. These experts /agencies shall be appointed based on specific need for the training. Table 7.2 : Combined Training Budget for MPSRP II

Combined Training Budget for MPSRP II S. Target Subject(s) Method Time Basis for Costs Estimation No. group Frame and Training Training Delivery Estimate Material d Cost Preparation 1 All staffs Environmental Lectures Before @ Rs 2.0 Reproduction of Training of MPRDC Overview: cum beginning Lacs Material Rs 24,000 (@ Rs. including Environmental interactio of the 200 per set for 120 sets ) PIU Regulations, sub- n implemen project project related tation of Training Delivery: staff provisions of the sub- Honorarium and travel cost involved in various Acts/ project. of the faculty Rs 2.0 lac (@ implement Guidelines, EIA 50,000 per programme for 4 ation of notification, process INR 6.24 programmes) the project and methodology Lakhs and Select for IEE, EMPs Venue and other facility NGOs. costs Rs 2.0 lacs ( @ Rs 50000 per programme with 25 participants in each) 2 Field Implementation of Worksho Before @ Rs. 2.0 -do- Officer EMPs: ps and the Lacs (Env) at Basic features of an Seminars constructi PIU, EMP, Planning, on begins Supervisio designing and n execution of INR 6.24 Consultant environmental Lakhs 87

’s mitigation and Environme enhancement ntal measures, Specialists monitoring and and Select evaluation of NGOs environmental conditions – during construction and operation 3 Sr Environmentally Worksho Before @ Rs. 3.0 -do- Manager, Sound Construction ps and the Lacs Manager Practices: Site visits constructi at Head Clean construction on Quarter technology, and Field alternatives INR 6.24 officer at materials and Lakhs PIU, , techniques for design construction, Waste team, Management and Supervisio minimization in n construction, Consultant pollution control Constructi devices and on methods for Contractor construction sites s’ staff and equipment, Environmental clauses in contract documents and their implications, protection of flora and fauna Environmental monitoring during construction 4 PIU and Monitoring Lectures, During @ Rs 1.5 Reproduction of Training Supervisio Environmental Worksho initial Lacs Material Rs 24,000 (@ Rs. n Performance during p and site phases of 200 per set for 120 persons Consultant Construction: visits constructi ) , NGOs Air, Water, Soil and on and Noise, tree survival Training Delivery: communit Monitoring INR 5.0 Honorarium and travel cost y requirement and Lakhs of the faculty Rs 1.6 lac (@ representa techniques, 40,000 per programme for 4 tives Evaluation and programmes) Review of results, Performance Venue and other facility indicators and their costs Rs 1.6 lacs ( @ Rs applicability, 40,000 per programme with possible corrective 25 participants in each) actions, reporting requirements and mechanisms

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Total Rs 23.72 Training lacs or Costs Say Rs 24 lacs

22. Management System: It is proposed to develop standard environmental guidelines for impact assessment, management plan, and monitoring. It is recommended to develop an Environmental Management and Reporting Systems following international standards like ISO 14001. 7.4. Grievance Redress Mechanism 23. Any environmental grievance received from public or stakeholders concerning the project will be directed to the concerned PIU. Firstly, field officer will assess if the grievances are genuine or suggestion is acceptable. Accordingly, response will be given within 15-30 days through suitable mode by the field officer with the approval of Divisional Officer. In case PIU is unable to resolve the issue, the matter will be forwarded to Sr. Manager (Environment & Social) at head quarter who will take it up further and resolve. The corrective and preventing action will be taken in a time bound manner as per response given to the stakeholders. The outcome shall also form part of quarterly report to ADB. 24. The local community will be informed by the respective supervision consultants about the option to express their grievances if any through the mechanism described above before the start of construction activities. The grievance redress mechanism with the name of concerned official shall also be displayed at MPRDC website, and on notice boards of the PIU office and construction sites. 89

8. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 8.1. Conclusions 25. The findings of Environment Assessment indicate that project is unlikely to cause any significant environmental impacts. While some of the impacts are negative, there are many bearing benefits to the area. Most of the impacts are likely to occur during construction stage and are temporary in nature and can be mitigated with minor to negligible residual impacts. Some impacts require design consideration and are suitably addressed. The project received immense support from local people as they perceive that this project will improve the overall connectivity and bring various economic opportunities to the people of the area. 26. The alignment does not pass through or located nearby any ecologically sensitive or protected areas. No archaeological/protected monument is located in the project vicinity. The land use pattern around the alignment is predominantly agricultural. The significant impact during construction is mainly associated with minor increase in dust borne air pollution, increased noise level, nuisance due to movement and operation of vehicles, establishment of temporary facilities, hindrance in accessibility to common property resources etc. During operation stage, the main impact may be related to air quality and noise. Other issues relates to road safety including pedestrian and cattle’s. 27. Environmental screening and assessment of likely impacts, the project has been categorised as Category ‘B’. The effective implementation of environmental management plan will facilitate in minimising the environmental impact to acceptable level. No additional studies or need of undertaking detailed EIA is envisaged at this stage. 28. Key findings of the IEE are summarised in following paragraphs: • The groundwater condition in the project section is poor. Hence, provisions of water harvesting should be adopted. • Since no land acquisition is involved, the project will not affect any family. Also, there will be no Impact on community infrastructure as the upgradation is limited to the available ROW. • Ambient noise level is within prescribed limit except near busy intersections such as Bhind, Ater, Para, Porsa etc. Some of the key suggested measures during construction are provision of temporary noise barriers and regulating construction timings near sensitive locations. The operation stage mitigation includes multilayered plantation and restricting honking near sensitive areas, maintaining good road conditions and congestion free traffic movement. • Large quantity of earth is required for the project. The availability of government waste land/barren land/uplands etc. is limited in the area. It is recommended to follow the guidelines for borrow area management as suggested in IEE. • Since the sub-project passes through about 1.8 km of reserve and protected forests, the condition imposed in the forest clearance must

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be strictly implemented. Also, provisions mentioned in the IEE for these locations for the safety of flora and fauna should be strictly imposed. • The compensatory afforestation should be undertaken at 1:7 basis in close consultation with forest department. Roadside plantation should be done as per IRC specifications. Additional plantation should be done in consultation at river banks especially at major bridge locations. • Soil erosion along embankment slope, river banks, bridge sites and river training structures shall be checked through measures suggested in IEE. These measures coupled with silt fencing/brush barrier etc will also help to minimise siltation of water bodies though required at only few locations since most of the water bodies are seasonal in nature. • Predominant land use along the project alignment is agricultural/open area which helps in adequate dispersion of air emission. The increased pollution level during construction stage will be largely localised and temporary in nature. Corridor specific measures to curb emission include maintaining good road conditions, improved traffic regulations and roadside plantation with pollutant absorbent species. • Siting and management of temporary construction facilities i.e. construction camp, workers camp, hot mix plant, batching plant, dumping sites, stone crusher etc. shall be done in environmentally accepted manner as mentioned in IEE. • Dismantled material shall be reused to the extent possible. Leftover debris shall be disposed off in environmentally acceptable method and at designated sites. • Risk involved with accidents, community and occupational health safety should be mitigated as per measures provided in IEE. A proper traffic management plan shall be in place well before start of the construction. 29. Post Environmental Assessment Surveillance and Monitoring is essential to sustain the effectiveness of the mitigative measures suggested. A detailed monitoring plan has been prepared as part of the Environmental Management Plan. The focus areas of monitoring covers air, surface water quality, noise, soil erosion, drainage congestion and tree survival rate. The reporting requirements along with the follow up actions in case of deviation from the norms have been detailed out as a part of EMP. The frequency has been set in consideration of the likely impacts. 8.2. Key Recommendations: 30. Any major changes or any major additional work other than the proposed project activities will require preparation of another environmental assessment. This additional assessment will have to be submitted to concerned Government authorities and ADB for concurrence before civil works commence. 31. The implementation of prescribed mitigation measures will minimize/avoid the adverse impacts. Moreover, the impacts shall be monitored continually by implementing and updating the Environmental Management plan and Environmental Monitoring Plan. Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan may be updated if deemed necessary 91

as per site conditions. MPRDC shall submit six monthly compliance/update reports to ADB. 32. All necessary clearances/permissions/No-objections/Consents should be obtained as required at different stages and as outlined in legal framework chapter of IEE. MPRDC shall ensure that environmental clearance as may be required is obtained before start of construction. 33. Executing agency shall ensure that EMP and EMoP is included in Bill of Quantity (BOQ) and forms part of bid document and civil works contract. The same shall be revised if necessary during project implementation or if there is any change in the project design and with approval of ADB.

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Appendix 3.1: Inventory and Survey Condition of Bridges

Bhind -Ater - Porsa Road No.: B1 Date of survey03/03/09 to 05/03/09 Super Structure Details of Sub Structure Pier Founda- Abutment Protection Proposed Boring in Present Condition of Wearing Thickness Materials tion Foundation Work widening Bridge coat on Pier (m) Used proposed Depth of widening boring in (if o/o = widening 12.00)

Abutment (m) Depth of boring Height of pier& pier& of Height in Name of River Bridge River of Name Construction of Year Spans of Number Arrangement Span to Joint (Expansion Expansion Joint) (m) Spans Clear to face Bridge of Length (m) Abutments of Face Submissible or High level width way road Clear (m) Kerbs between bridge of width Outer Total (m) (m) Footpath of Width (Degree) Angle Skew (Below Height Vertical (m) Slab) deck of bottom (m) Level Road Formation Flow of Direction Clear Way (m) Water Loading of Design * (HFL) level High Flood (LWL) Level Water Lowest * Design Discharge (cum) * Maximum Design Velocity * (m/sec) Remarks Improvement Condition Type Gradient Type Bearing of Type Slab of Thickness Girder/ (m) Slab of Material Parapet Handrail Thickness & (m) Height Type Thickness (m) Type Top Bottom Abutment Pier Type Material Type Material Bed Approach Abutments Piers Slab Bearings Parapet reconstruction 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 abt Pier total Abt. Pier 12.00 Minor - 3 2.15 1.70 6.45 H 7.60 8.60 -- Solid Tar 0.27 RCC Stone BC - Wall 0.45 0.45 1.60 Stone Stone Open Stone Open Stone --- 1.60 - - G P G - G 5 - 0.3 m --- 3L Rehabiltio 3.40 9 9 Bridge Slab paper Parapet below distributor n of Pier h=0.50 yofBhind w=0.60 Main Canal P Slab Major - 5 44.60 43.10 292.6 H 7.80 8.50 -- Girder Elastom 2.35 RCC RCC BC - Wall 1.5 1.5 5.85 RCC RCC - RCC - RCC --- 5.85 - L TO GGGGG 282 - 1.2 m --- Balanced - 0.00 0 0 Bridge 2 34.80 33.30 eric pad Railing R below Cantilever h=1.0 G Box +Girder Minor - 2 3.60 2.80 7.2 H 6.70 7.30 -- Solid Tar 0.35 RCC Steel BC - Wall 0.8 0.8 2.00 Stone Stone Open Stone Open Stone --- 2.00 - L TO G G G - - 6 - 0.3 m --- Gates on - 4.70 10 10 Bridge Slab paper Railing R below LHS h=0.80 G Slab Minor - 3 2.15 1.50 6.45 H 4.60 5.60 -- Solid Tar 0.30 Stone Brick BC - Wall 0.65 0.65 1.45 Brick Brick Open Brick Open Brick - - - 1.45 - L TO G G G - F 5 - 0.3 m ---- Rehabilitat 6.40 9 9 Bridge Slab paper parpet R below ion of h=1.5 parapet G Slab

Minor - 2 6.50 5.50 13 H 6.70 7.20 -- Solid Tar 0.65 RCC - BC - Wall 0.5 0.5 2.30 Stone Stone Open Stone Open Stone -- 39 2.30 - R GGGGG 11 - 0.3 m --- Canal - 4.80 10 10 Bridge (St) (St) Slab paper TO L below crossing 8.80 9.30 (Sk) (Sk) G Slab 0 0 0 Minor - 2 3.70 3.00 7.4 H 5.85 6.70 -- Solid Tar 0.40 RCC Brick BC - Wall 0.5 0.5 2.15 Brick Brick Open Brick Open Brick - - - 2.15 - R G G G - G 6 - 0.3 m ---- - 5.30 10 10 Bridge Slab paper parpet TO L below h=0.9 G Slab 0 0 0 Minor - 2 3.60 3.00 7.2 H 6.50 7.10 -- Solid Tar 0.400 RCC - BC - Wall 0.6 0.6 1.40 Stone Stone Open Stone Open Stone --- 1.40 - R G G G - - 6 - 0.3 m ---- - 4.90 9 9 Bridge Slab paper TO L below + CW G Slab 0 0 0 cates the structure is in forest area 29.5 57 57 93

Appendix 3.2: Rapid Environmental Assessment Checklist

Roads and Highways

BHIND-ATER-PORSA (SH-2) SECTION

Instructions:

(i) The project team completes this checklist to support the environmental classification of a project. It is to be attached to the environmental categorization form and submitted to the Environment and Safeguards Division (RSES), for endorsement by Director, RSES and for approval by the Chief Compliance Officer.

(ii) This checklist focuses on environmental issues and concerns. To ensure that social dimensions are adequately considered, refer also to ADB's (a) checklists on involuntary resettlement and Indigenous Peoples; (b) poverty reduction handbook; (c) staff guide to consultation and participation; and (d) gender checklists.

(iii) Answer the questions assuming the “without mitigation” case. The purpose is to identify potential impacts. Use the “remarks” section to discuss any anticipated mitigation measures.

IND/Sub-regional Transport Enhancement Project – Road improvement w/ Country/Project Title: bituminous overlay: Bhind-Ater-Porsa (59.95 km)

Sector Division: IND TA: 7198

SCREENING QUESTIONS Yes No REMARKS A. PROJECT SITING

IS THE PROJECT AREA ADJACENT TO OR WITHIN ANY OF THE FOLLOWING ENVIRONMENTALLY SENSITIVE AREAS? . CULTURAL HERITAGE SITE None

None. However, it passes through about

1.8 km of reserve forest area at the following section as given below: Chainage Len Side A. PROTECTED AREA gth of From To (km) Road

26.000 27.800 1.8 Right

26.000 27.800 1.8 Left

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SCREENING QUESTIONS Yes No REMARKS None . WETLAND

. MANGROVE None

. ESTUARINE None

. BUFFER ZONE OF PROTECTED AREA None

. SPECIAL AREA FOR PROTECTING None BIODIVERSITY

B. POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS

WILL THE PROJECT CAUSE… No encroachment on historical or Encroachment on historical/cultural areas; cultural areas is envisaged. disfiguration of landscape by road embankments, cuts, fills, and quarries? The topography of project road is mainly flat. But, minor impacts on landscape by road embankments to improve profile, cuts and fills cannot be ruled out.

None. The project road does not Encroachment on precious ecology (e.g. sensitive pass through any National or protected areas)? Park/Wildlife Sanctuary. None, since no new construction of Alteration of surface water hydrology of waterways bridges are proposed. Hence, no crossed by roads, resulting in increased sediment impact is envisaged on the surface in streams affected by increased soil erosion at water hydrology. construction site? All measures shall be taken during construction stage so that watercourses are not affected and temporary soil and rock stockpiles will be designed so that runoff will not induce sedimentation of waterways. Suitable prevention measures such Deterioration of surface water quality due to silt as silt fencing will reduce silt run runoff and sanitary wastes from worker-based off. camps and chemicals used in construction? The adequate measures for sanitary waste and silt runoff shall be taken to prevent any such condition.

As the construction activity in this project will not contain any harmful ingredients, no impact on surface water quality is anticipated 95

SCREENING QUESTIONS Yes No REMARKS Local air pollution level is likely to Increased local air pollution due to rock crushing, be increased for short duration cutting and filling works, and chemicals from asphalt during construction period processing? particularly due to earth work. Appropriate distance from settlement area and wind direction may be taken into account to locate air polluting facility like stone crushing unit etc., if required. Risk is temporary and associated Risks and vulnerabilities related to occupational health with construction phase. and safety due to physical, chemical, biological, and radiological hazards during project construction and Construction workers will be operation during project construction and operation? provided with proper occupational, health and safety gear. Safety officer will be appointed by contractor to lead implementation of occupational and community health and safety plan during construction phase During operation period higher Noise and vibration due to blasting and other civil noise and vibration will be mainly works? impulsive in nature and temporary. However, suitable mitigation measures will be taken to minimize the adverse effects. None. Dislocation or involuntary resettlement of people

No displacement. Dislocation and compulsory resettlement of people Project improvement work is to be living in right-of-way? carried out within existing available ROW, no resettlement is envisaged. None. Disproportionate impacts on the poor, women and children, Indigenous Peoples or other vulnerable groups?

All possible mitigation measures Other social concerns relating to inconveniences in will be taken to avoid any living conditions in the project areas that may inconvenience due to the project. trigger cases of upper respiratory problems and Efforts will also be made to keep stress? air pollution within permissible levels to prevent respiratory problems and stress among the nearby inhabitants. Transport routes for construction Hazardous driving conditions where construction vehicle shall be decided interferes with pre-existing roads? considering this aspect to avoid any hazardous driving condition.

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SCREENING QUESTIONS Yes No REMARKS Appropriate waste management Poor sanitation and solid waste disposal in shall be adopted to prevent any construction camps and work sites, and possible such conditions. Awareness plan transmission of communicable diseases from for workers will be prepared to workers to local populations? educate them about communicable diseases. No such condition is anticipated Creation of temporary breeding habitats for mosquito vectors of disease?

Temporarily during construction Accident risks associated with increased vehicular stage. Adequate measures will be traffic, leading to accidental spills of toxic materials provided to prevent them such as and loss of life? speed reduction, provision of crash barrier & proper traffic signage system at sensitive places will ensure smooth traffic flow which will reduce accidental risk Increased noise and air pollution resulting from Temporarily during construction traffic volume? phase.

Increase in level of noise due to rise in frequency of vehicles in the operation period. Increased risk of water pollution from oil, grease Temporarily during construction and fuel spills, and other materials from vehicles phase. using the road? Adequate preventive measures will take to prevent such risks. Most of the workers will be hired Social conflicts if workers from other regions or locally. countries are hired?

Most of the workers will be hired Large population influx during project construction locally. All groundwater extraction and operation that causes increased burden on will be covered by necessary social infrastructure and services (such as water permits and all construction sites supply and sanitation systems)? will have sanitary toilets with septic tank. No blasting will be made, bitumen Risks to community health and safety due to the handling will be consistent with the transport, storage, and use and/or disposal of Material Safety Data Sheet, materials such as explosives, fuel and other occupational and community chemicals during construction and operation? health and safety provisions included in the EMP Community and occupational Community safety risks due to both accidental and health and safety plan will form natural causes, especially where the structural part of EMP. elements or components of the project are accessible to members of the affected community or where their failure could result in injury to the community throughout project construction, operation and decommissioning.

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The Project is categorized as B. As per MOEF latest EIA notification, Environmental Clearance for the project is not required. However, other consent conditions will be required.

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Appendix 3.3: Details of Chainage-wise Existing and Proposed Design Speed and Curve Radius

S. No. Existing Proposed Remarks Chainage Radii Speed Chainage Radii Speed Start End (mt) (kmph) Start End (mt) (kmph) Bhind – Ater Junction 1 1.94 1.98 170 35 1.94 1.98 200 35 Urban Area 2 6.68 6.76 70 20 6.68 6.75 80 20 Junction 3 10.72 10.83 280 35 10.76 10.87 280 35 Junction 4 11.30 11.36 140 30 11.34 11.40 150 30 Junction + Urban 5 11.77 11.91 190 35 11.82 11.96 230 35 Junction + Urban 6 19.30 19.39 50 40 19.20 19.29 70 40 Open Land 7 19.42 19.49 40 30 19.32 19.39 50 30 8 19.61 19.67 55 20 19.51 19.57 70 20 Urban Area 9 19.82 19.87 45 20 19.72 19.77 60 20 Junction 10 20.85 20.92 50 20 20.76 20.83 70 20 Petrol Pump 11 20.97 21.01 60 20 20.85 20.90 70 20 Petrol Pump Ater Junction – Porsa 12 65.76 65.66 100 20 41.14 41.24 150 30 Junction 13 59.41 59.34 200 25 47.53 47.59 250 40 Junction + Urban Ater Junction – Ater 14 24.69 24.75 35 30 0.590 0.638 60 30 Junction 15 24.94 25.03 30 20 0.844 0.939 55 20 16 26.22 26.24 30 30 2.119 2.139 60 30 Reserve Forest 17 26.60 26.66 55 20 2.501 2.555 70 20 Reserve Forest 18 26.69 26.72 30 20 2.585 2.622 40 20 Reserve Forest 19 26.74 26.83 45 20 2.643 2.732 55 20 Reserve Forest 20 26.86 26.91 50 20 2.758 2.808 70 20 Reserve Forest 21 26.98 27.02 40 20 2.884 2.921 50 20 Reserve Forest 22 27.04 27.11 75 20 2.942 3.012 100 20 Reserve Forest 23 27.19 27.23 80 30 3.092 3.124 150 40 Reserve Forest 24 27.28 27.31 30 20 3.275 3.300 50 30 Junction Bhind Town Realignmnet 25 0.814 0.870 58 15 0.814 0.870 60 20 Urban Section

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APPENDIX 4.1 : NATIONAL AMBIENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS

The finding as Notified on 16th November 2009 by the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) in exercise of its powers conferred under Section 6 and Section 25 of the Environment Protect Act, 1986.

Time-Weighted Concentration in Ambient Air

Ecologically Industrial, Pollutant Sensitive Area Residential Average (Notified by and other Central rural area Government) Annual* 50 20 3 SO2 µg/m 24 hours** 80 80 Annual* 40 30 3 NOx µg/m 24 hours** 80 80 Annual* 60 60 3 PM10 µg/m 24 hours** 100 100 Annual* 40 40 3 PM2.5 µg/m 24 hours** 60 60

Annual* 0.50 0.50

Lead µg/m3

24 hours** 1.0 1.0

8 Hours** 2000 2000 µ 3 CO g/m 1 Hour** 4000 4000 8 Hours** 100 100 µ 3 O3 g/m 1 Hour** 180 180 Annual* 100 100 3 NH3 µg/m 24 hours** 400 400 Source: Gazette of India, Part II-Section-3-Subsection (i)

* Annual Arithmetic Mean of minimum 104 measurements in a year taken twice a week 24-hourly at uniform interval. ** 24-horly / 8-hourly values or 0.1 hourly monitored values shall be complied with 98% of the time in the year. However, 2% of the time, it may exceed but not on two consecutive days.

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APPENDIX 4.2 : Ambient Noise Level Limits (In Leq dB(A)), India

Day Time Night Time Area/Class (6:00 AM to 9:00 PM) (9:00 PM to 6:00 am)

Standard Standard

Industrial 75 70

Commercial 65 55

Residential 55 45

Silence 50 40 Source: Environment Protection Rules, 1986, Schedule III

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APPENDIX 4.3 : Drinking Water Standards And Probable Effects on Human Health (BIS: IS: 10500, 1991)

S. Prescribed limits Parameters Probable effects No. Desirable Permissible 1 COLOUR (HAZEN UNIT) 5 25 Aesthetically undesirable. 2 ODOUR Essentially free Aesthetically undesirable. 3 TASTE Agreeable Aesthetically undesirable. 4 TURBIDITY (NTU) 5 10 Indicates pollution/ contamination. Affects taste, corrodes supply 5 pH 6.5 8.5 system. Causes scaling, excessive soap HARDNESS, as CaCO , 6 3 300 600 consumption, calcification of mg/l arteries. Causes staining of laundry and 7 IRON, as Fe , mg/l 0.30 1.00 porcelain. In traces it is essential for nutrition. May be injurious to heart or kidney patients. Taste, indigestion, 8 CHLORIDE, as Cl , mg/l 250 1000 corrosion and palatability are affected. RESIDUAL CHLORINE, only Excessive chlorination causes 9 when 0.20 - asthma, colitis and eczema Water is chlorinated May cause gastro-intestinal TOTAL DISSOLVED 10 500 2000 irritation, corrosion and laxative SOLIDS, mg/l effect to new users. Excessive Cause incrustation, deficiency causes rickets, 11 CALCIUM, as Ca, mg/l 75 200 essential for nervous, muscular, cardiac functions and in coagulation of blood. Its salts are cathartics and diuretic. Excessive may cause laxative effect; deficiency causes 12 MAGNESIUM, as Mg, mg/l 30 100 structural and functional changes. It is activator of many enzyme systems. Beneficial in human metabolism, deficiency results in nutritional anaemia in infants. Large amounts may result in liver damage, 13 COPPER, as Cu, mg/l 0.05 1.50 causes central nervous system irritation and depression. Enhances corrosion of Al in water supply systems. Causes gastro-intestinal irritation. Along with Mg or Na can have a 14 SULPHATE, as SO4, mg/l 200 400 cathartic effect. Concentration more than 750 mg/l may have laxative effect. Causes infant methaemoglobinaemia, at very 15 NITRATE, as N, mg/l 45 100 high concentration causes gastric cancer and effects central nervous

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S. Prescribed limits Parameters Probable effects No. Desirable Permissible and cardiovascular system.

Reduces dental carries, very high 16 FLUORIDE, as F, mg/l 1.00 1.50 concentration may cause crippling skeletal fluorosis. Acute toxicity may be associated with renal, arterial hypertension, 17 CADMIUM, as Cd, mg/l 0.01 No relaxation itai-itai (bone disease). Cd salts cause cramps, nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea. Burning in mouth, severe inflammation of gastro-intestinal tract with vomiting and diarrhoea. 18 LEAD, as Pb, mg/l 0.05 No relaxation Chronic toxicity produces nausea, severe abdominal pain, paralysis, mental confusion, visual disturbances, and anaemia etc. Essential and beneficial in human 19 ZINC, as Zn , mg/l 5 15 metabolism. Imparts astringent taste to water. Cr6+ produces lung tumours, 20 CHROMIUM, as Cr, mg/l 0.05 No relaxation coetaneous and nasal mucous membrane ulcers and dermatitis. Causes skin damage, circulatory 21 ARSENIC, as As, mg/l 0.05 No relaxation problems, and increased risk of skin cancer. Raises blood cholesterol, lowers 22 ANTIMONY, as Sb, mg/l 0.006 No relaxation blood sugar. 23 ALUMINIUM, as Al, mg/l 0.030 0.200 Leads to neurological disorders. 24 BARIUM, as Ba, mg/l 2 No relaxation Increases blood pressure. 25 BERYLLIUM, as Be, mg/l nil 0.0002 Is carcinogenic Causes nerve damage, thyroid 26 CYANIDE, as CN, mg/l 0.05 No relaxation problem. Neurological and renal disturbances. Excess causes 27 MERCURY, as Hg, mg/l 0.001 No relaxation gonadotoxic and mutagenic effects and disturbs the cholesterol metabolism. Essential as a cofactor in enzyme systems and metabolism processes. Excessive causes change in appetite and reduction 28 MANGANESE, as Mn, mg/l 0.10 0.30 in metabolism of iron to form haemoglobin. Imparts undesirable taste and stains plumbing fixtures and laundry. Leads to hair, finger loss, and 29 SELENIUM, as Se, mg/l 0.01 No relaxation numbness in fingers or toes, circulatory problems. Affects central nervous system, 30 BORON, as B, mg/l 1.00 5.00 salts may cause nausea, cramps, convulsions, coma, etc.

31 ALKALINITY, as CaCO3, 200 600 Imparts unpleasant taste, 103

S. Prescribed limits Parameters Probable effects No. Desirable Permissible mg/l deleterious to humans in presence of high pH, hardness and TDS. Imparts toxicity, accumulates in different organs of body, and 32 PESTICIDES, ug/l nil 0.001 affects immune and nervous systems. Carcinogenic. High concentration causes vomiting and diarrhoea stimulates 33 PHOSPHATE, as PO , mg/l No guideline 4 secondary hyperthyroidism and bone loss. Harmful to persons suffering from 34 SODIUM, as Na, mg/l No guideline cardiac, renal and circulatory diseases. Essential nutrition element but 35 POTASSIUM, as K, mg/l No guideline excessive amounts are cathartic. Non-toxic element but may be carcinogenic in animals, can react 36 NICKEL, as Ni , mg/l No guideline with DNA resulting in DNA damage in animals. PATHOGENS Causes water borne diseases like a)TOTAL COLIFORM coliform jaundice; Typhoid, 37 No/dl 1 10 Cholera etc. produces infections

b)FAECAL COLIFORM involving skin mucous membrane No/dl of eyes, ears and throat. RADIOACTIVITY: -BETA PARTICLES 0-4 milligram/year 38 Increases risk of cancer. -ALPHA PARTICLES 0-15 picocuries/year -RADIUM 0-05 picocuries/year

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APPENDIX 4.4 : Water Quality Criteria And Standards for Freshwater Classification (CPCB, 1979)

Characteristics A B C D E

Dissolved Oxygen (DO), 6 5 4 4 - mg/L, Min Biological Oxygen Demand, BOD, mg/L, 2 3 3 - - max Total Coliform organism 50 500 5000 - - **, MPN/100ml, Max pH value 6.5-8.5 6.5-8.5 6 – 9 6.5-8.5 6.5-8.5 Free Ammonia (as N), - - - 1.2 - mg/L, Max Electrical Conductivity, - - - - 2250 µmhos/cm, max Sodium absorption Ratio - - - - 26 Boron, mg/L, Max - - - - 2

A) Drinking water sources without conventional treatment but after disinfecting B) Outdoor Bathing (organized) C) Drinking water source with conventional treatment followed by disinfecting D) Propagation of wildlife, fisheries E) Irrigation, industrial cooling, controlled waste disposal

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Appendix 5.1: Guidelines for Borrow Areas Management

1. SELECTION OF BORROW AREAS Location of borrow areas shall be finalized as per IRC: 10-1961 guidlines. The finalization of locations in case of borrows areas identified in private land shall depend upon the formal agreement between landowners and contractor. If, agreement is not reached between the contractor and landowners for the identified borrow areas sites, arrangement for locating the source of supply of material for embankment and sub-grade as well as compliance to environment requirements in respect of excavation and borrow areas as stipulated from time to time by the Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India, and local bodies, as applicable shall be the sole responsibility of the contractor. The contractor in addition to the established practices, rules and regulation will also consider following criteria before finalizing the locations. (1) The borrow area should not be located in agriculture field unless unavoidable i.e. barren land is not available. (2) The borrow pits preferably should not be located along the roads. (3) The loss of productive and agriculture soil should be minimum. (4) The loss of vegetation is almost nil or minimum. (5) The Contractor will ensure that suitable earth is available. 2. CONTRACTOR’S RESPONSIBILTY The Contractor shall obtain representative samples from each of the identified borrow areas and have these tested at the site laboratory following a testing programme approved by the Engineer. It shall be ensured that the sub-grade material when compacted to the density requirements shall yield the design CBR value of the sub-grade. Contractor shall begin operations keeping in mind following; (1) Haulage of material to embankments or other areas of fill shall proceed only when sufficient spreading and compaction plants is operating at the place of deposition. (2) No excavated acceptable material other than surplus to requirements of the Contract shall be removed from the site. Contractor should be permitted to remove acceptable material from the site to suit his operational procedure, then shall make consequent deficit of material arising there from. (3) Where the excavation reveals a combination of acceptable and un-acceptable materials, the Contractor shall, unless otherwise agreed by the Engineer, carry out the excavation in such a manner that the acceptable materials are excavated separately for use in the permanent works without contamination by the un-acceptable materials. The acceptable material shall be stockpiled separately. (4) The Contractor shall ensure that he does not adversely affect the stability of excavation or fills by the methods of stockpiling materials, use of plants are siting of temporary buildings or structures.

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3. BORROWING FROM DIFFERENT LAND-FORMS

A. Borrow Areas located in Agricultural Lands

(i) The preservation of topsoil will be carried out in stockpile. (ii) A 15 cm topsoil will be stripped off from the borrow pit and this will be stored in stockpiles in a designated area for height not exceeding 2m and side slopes not steeper than 1:2 (Vertical: Horizontal). (iii) Borrowing of earth will be carried out up to a depth of 1.5m from the existing ground level. (iv) Borrowing of earth will not be done continuously through out the stretch. (v) Ridges of not less than 8m widths will be left at intervals not exceeding 300m. (vi) Small drains will be cut through the ridges, if necessary, to facilitate drainage. (vii) The slope of the edges will be maintained not steeper than 1:4 (vertical: Horizontal). (viii) The depth of borrow pits will not be more than 30 cm after stripping the 15 cm topsoil aside.

B. Borrow Areas located in Elevated Lands

(i) The preservation of topsoil will be carried out in stockpile. (ii) A 15 cm topsoil will be stripped off from the borrow pit and this will be stored in stockpiles in a designated area for height not exceeding 2m and side slopes not steeper than 1:2 (Vertical: Horizontal). (iii) At location where private owners desire their fields to be levelled, the borrowing shall be done to a depth of not more than 1.5m or up to the level of surrounding fields

C. Borrow Areas near River side

(i) The preservation of topsoil will be carried out in stockpile. (ii) A 15 cm topsoil will be stripped off from the borrow pit and this will be stored in stockpiles in a designated area for height not exceeding 2m and side slopes not steeper than 1:2 (Vertical: Horizontal). (iii) Borrow area near to any surface water body will be at least at a distance of 15m from the toe of the bank or high flood level, whichever is maximum.

D. Borrow Areas near Settlements

(i) The preservation of topsoil will be carried out in stockpile. 107

(ii) A 15 cm topsoil will be stripped off from the borrow pit and this will be stored in stockpiles in a designated area for height not exceeding 2m and side slopes not steeper than 1:2 (Vertical: Horizontal). (iii) Borrow pit location will be located at least 0.75 km from villages and settlements. If un-avoidable, the pit will not be dug for more than 30 cm and drains will be cut to facilitate drainage. (iv) Borrow pits located in such location will be re-developed immediately after borrowing is completed. If spoils are dumped, that will be covered with a layers of stockpiled topsoil in accordance with compliance requirements with respect MOEF/PPCB guidelines.

E. Borrow Pits along the Road

Borrow pits along the road shall be discouraged and if deemed necessary and permitted by the Engineer; following precautions are recommended (i) The preservation of topsoil will be carried out in stockpile. (ii) A 15 cm topsoil will be stripped off from the borrow pit and this will be stored in stockpiles in a designated area for height not exceeding 2m and side slopes not steeper than 1:2 (Vertical: Horizontal). (iii) Ridges of not less than 8m widths should be left at intervals not exceeding 300m. (iv) Small drains shall be cut through the ridges of facilitate drainage. (v) The depth of the pits shall be so regulated that there bottom does not cut an imaginary line having a slope of 1 vertical to 4 horizontal projected from the edge of the final section of bank, the maximum depth of any case being limited to 1.5m. (vi) Also, no pit shall be dug within the offset width from the toe of the embankment required as per the consideration of stability with a minimum width of 10m. 4. REHABILITATION OF BORROW AREAS The objective of the rehabilitation programme is to return the borrow pit sites to a safe and secure area, which the general public should be able to safely enter and enjoy. Securing borrow pits in a stable condition is fundamental requirement of the rehabilitation process. This could be achieved by filling the borrow pit floor to approximately the access road level.

Re-development plan shall be prepared by the Contractor before the start of work inline with the owners will require and to the satisfaction of owner. The Borrow Areas shall be rehabilitated as per following; • Borrow pits shall be backfilled with rejected construction wastes and will be given a vegetative cover. If this is not possible, then excavation sloped will be smoothed and depression will be filled in such a way that it looks more or less like the original round surface. • Borrow areas might be used for aquaculture in case landowner wants such development. In that case, such borrow area will be

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photographed after their post use restoration and Environment Expert of Supervision Consultant will certify the post use redevelopment. The Contractor will keep record of photographs of various stages i.e., before using materials from the location (pre-project), for the period borrowing activities (construction Phase) and after rehabilitation (post development), to ascertain the pre and post borrowing status of the area.

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APPENDIX 7.1: Environmental Management Plan (SH-2: Bhind-Ater-Porsa 59.95 km) All activity for supervision is on part of SQC unless involvement of different department Environmental Remedial Measure Reference to laws Approximate Time Mitigation Institutional Responsibility Issue/ Component /guidelines Location Frame Cost Implementati Supervision on A. Design and Construction Stage 1. Alignment  Pavement • Selection of suitable pavement Design requirement • All habitat areas throughout During the Included in Design SQC/MPRDC damage and design in habitat areas the alignment design construction Consultant inadequate considering alignment level and stage cost drainage drainage provisions in • Raise road level above the habitat areas nearby areas with provision of adequate side drains to evacuate the rain water and domestic discharges (drained by habitats occasionally) to prevent damage to road and rain water entry to habitats’ houses. • Provision of adequate no of cross drainage structures based on drainage pattern around the alignment  Safety along the • Make provisions of crash barriers Design requirement • Crash barriers are proposed During the Included in Design SQC/MPRDC proposed at accident prone areas at the following chainages design construction Consultant alignment • Provision of rumble strips in along the project corridor stage cost habitat areas to regulate speed. Left Side Right Side • Provision of retro-reflective From To From To warning sign boards nears Bhind - Ater-Porsa school, hospital, religious places 7/20 7/50 8/64 8/67 and forests areas 7/51 7/60 8/98 9/01 8/64 8/67 18/57 18/63 • Provision of footpaths along the 8/98 9/03 28/65 28/71 road near habitat areas, school, 28/07 28/13 35/53 35/60 hospital, religious places and 35/53 35/58 35/67 35/72 forests 35/67 35/72 42/97 43/00 • Compliance with norms specified 42/97 43/00 45/90 46/01 in IRC codes for state highway 45/90 46/01 46/03 46/10 for curvature and grading 46/03 46/08 55/65 55/72

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Environmental Remedial Measure Reference to laws Approximate Time Mitigation Institutional Responsibility Issue/ Component /guidelines Location Frame Cost Implementati Supervision on • Provision of safety kerb with 55/65 55/72 0/00 0/00 footpath at all bridges Bhind Town Re-alignment • The design should attempt to 0/00 0/90 - - equalize cut and fill. The centerline should be aligned so • Rumble strips are proposed at that on all slopes below 60 the following locations – degrees, half cut and half fill can Bhind, Para, Porsa, Rajaudha, be achieved. Ater, Dhaka etc. • Minimize the cutting in hill areas. Incorporate slope stabilization measures to prevent any land slide situation. • 2. Natural Hazards  Protection from • Design considering the IRC:34 Throughout the stretch Design Project Design SQC/MPRDC damage from earthquake potential though the Recommendations Stage preparation Consultant Earthquake area falls under low earthquake for road construction Cost intensity of 2/3 in waterlogged area and IRC: 75 and MOSRTH guidelines for Design of High Embankments 3. Weather Conditions and Air Quality  Local Weather • Geometric adjustment to reduce Kyoto Protocol, Design Road Side Design SQC /MPRDC conditions tree cutting. Environmental Throughout project corridor, and Plantations Consultant • Compensatory tree Plantation Protection Act, mainly at level crossings, Constructi +Additional and (1:5) 1986; The Air haulage roads, earthwork, on stage Plantation Contractor • Additional Plantation on river (Prevention and construction sites, loading During the cost8=10.1 banks, borrow areas and Control of Pollution) areas, storage areas, transport Constructi Million sensitive locations to increase Act, 1981 route. on stage (@1200/tree) the green cover and improve the + aesthetics IRC and

8 The total no. trees likely to be cut are estimated to be 268. Compensatory afforestation norm is 1:5. Hence, 1340 trees have to be planted in lieu of compensatory plantation. Project has the provision of planting trees on both sides of the road. As per IRC SP: 21 specifications, 85 trees per km have been proposed (with spacing of 12 m). The total no. of trees likely to be planted along roadside is 8440. Besides, additional plantation of 2000 trees has been proposed on river banks and Multilayered plantation near sensitive locations.

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Environmental Remedial Measure Reference to laws Approximate Time Mitigation Institutional Responsibility Issue/ Component /guidelines Location Frame Cost Implementati Supervision on  Poor air quality • Road design and Pavement MORTH Included in Design SQC/MPRDC due to roughness as per IRC Specifications for project cost Consultant compromise in specifications. Road and Bridge and design • congestion free movement of works Contractor traffic with provision of junctions Air (P and CP) at major intersections Act 1974 and • Plantation of pollutant absorbing Central Motor and trees. Vehicle  Dust Generation • Transport, loading and unloading Act 1988 SQC/MPRDC due to of loose and fine materials construction through covered vehicles. activities and • Paved approach roads. transport, storage • Storage areas to be located and handling of downwind of the habitation area. construction • Water spraying on earthworks, materials unpaved haulage roads and other dust prone areas. • Provision of PPEs to workers.  Emission from • Regular maintenance of Asphalt mixing plants, crushers, During the Included in Contractor SQC/MPRDC vehicle, machinery and equipment. DG sets locations Constructi project cost equipment and • Batching, asphalt mixing plants on stage machinery and crushers at downwind (1km) direction from the nearest settlement. • Only crushers licensed by the PCB shall be used Included in • DG sets with stacks of adequate monitoring cost height and use of low sulphur diesel as fuel. • ambient air quality monitoring 4. Noise  Noise from • All equipment to be timely Legal requirement Throughout project section During the Cost for Contractor SQC/MPRDC construction serviced and properly Noise Pollution especially at construction sites, Constructi Plantation vehicle, maintained. (Regulation and residential areas and identified on stage already equipment and • Bottlenecks to be removed. Control) Rules, sensitive locations indicated machinery. • Construction equipment and 2000 and above. amendments

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Environmental Remedial Measure Reference to laws Approximate Time Mitigation Institutional Responsibility Issue/ Component /guidelines Location Frame Cost Implementati Supervision on machinery to be fitted with thereof silencers and maintained + properly. Clause No 501.8.6. • Timing of noisy construction MoSRTH activities shall be done during Specifications for night time and weekends when Road and Bridge there are no activities by the works Monitoring sensitive receptor, concurrent Cost as noisy operations may be indicated In separated to reduce the total EMoP. noise generated, and if possible re-route traffic during construction to avoid the accumulation of noise beyond standards. Else provision of temporary noise barrier at sensitive locations or near sources. • Time regulation near residential areas and other noise sensitive areas. • Initiation of multi layered plantation, to serve as mitigation option for operation phase • Honking restrictions near sensitive areas • PPEs to workers • Noise monitoring as per EMoP. 5. Land and Soil  Land use • For construction non-agricultural Project requirement Throughout the project section During Included in Contractor SQC/MPRDC Change and Loss areas to be used as borrow and borrow areas design construction of productive/top areas. and cost soil • If using agricultural land, top soil constructi to be preserved and laid over on Stage either on the embankment slope for growing vegetation to protect soil erosion. 113

Environmental Remedial Measure Reference to laws Approximate Time Mitigation Institutional Responsibility Issue/ Component /guidelines Location Frame Cost Implementati Supervision on •  Slope protection • Bio-turfing of embankments to IRC: 56 -1974 Throughout the stretch Design Construction Design SQC/MPRDC and Soil erosion protect slopes. recommended especially along hilly areas and cost consultant due to • Slope protection by providing practice for constructi and construction frames, dry stone pitching, treatment of on stage Contractor, activities, masonry retaining walls, planting embankment slopes earthwork, and of grass and trees. for erosion control cut and fill etc. • The side slopes of all cut and fill Clause No. 306 and areas will be graded and covered 305.2.2 with stone pitching, grass and MoSRTH shrub as per design Specifications for specifications. Road and Bridge  Soil erosion at • The earth stockpiles to be works At earth stockpiles Design Construction Contractor SQC/MPRDC earth stockpiles provided with gentle slopes to Guidelines IX for and cost prevent soil erosion. Soil erosion constructi on stage  Borrow areas • Non-productive, barren lands, IRC Guidelines on Borrow sites location. During Construction Contractor SQC/MPRDC upland shall be used for borrow areas and Design cost borrowing earth with the for quarries and necessary permissions/consents. (Environmental constructi • Depths of borrow pits to be Protection Act and on Stage regulated. Rules, 1986; Water • Topsoil to be stockpiled and Act, Air Act) protected for use at the + Clause No. rehabilitation stage. 305.2.2 MoSRTH • Transportation of earth materials Specifications for through covered vehicles. Road and Bridge • IRC recommended practice for works borrow pits (IRC 10: 1961). Guidelines V for • Borrow areas not to be dug Borrow Areas continuously. Management • To the extent borrow areas shall be sited away from habited areas. Borrow areas shall be leveled with salvaged material or other filling materials which do not pose contamination of soil.

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Environmental Remedial Measure Reference to laws Approximate Time Mitigation Institutional Responsibility Issue/ Component /guidelines Location Frame Cost Implementati Supervision on Else, it shall be converted into fishpond in consultation with fishery department and land owner/community. Rehabilitation of the borrow areas as per Guidelines for redevelopment of Borrow Areas.  Quarry • Aggregates will be sourced from Clause No. 111.3 Operations existing licensed quarries. MoSRTH • Copies of consent/ approval / Specifications for rehabilitation plan for a new Road and Bridge quarry or use of existing source works Guidelines VI will be submitted to EO, MPRDC. for Quarry Areas • The contractor will develop a Management Quarry Redevelopment plan, as per the Mining Rules of the state and submit a copy of the approval to EA. • .  Compaction of • Construction vehicles, Design Parking areas, Haulage roads Just Included in Contractor SQC/MPRDC soil and impact on machinery, and equipment to be requirement and construction yards. before construction quarry haul roads stationed in the designated ROW commenc cost due to movement to avoid compaction. ement of of vehicles and • Approach roads/haulage roads constructi equipments shall be designed along the on barren and hard soil area to reduce the compaction. • Transportation of quarry material to the dumping site through heavy vehicles shall be done through existing major roads to the extent possible to restrict wear and tear to the village/minor roads. • Land taken for construction camp and other temporary facility shall be restored to its original conditions. 115

Environmental Remedial Measure Reference to laws Approximate Time Mitigation Institutional Responsibility Issue/ Component /guidelines Location Frame Cost Implementati Supervision on  Contamination • Construction vehicles and Design Fuelling station, construction Just Monitoring Contractor SQC/MPRDC of soil due to equipment will be maintained requirement sites, and construction camps before Cost Included leakage/spillage and refueled in such a fashion and disposal location. commenc in EMoP of oil, bituminous that oil/diesel spillage does not ement of and non contaminate the soil. constructi bituminous debris • Fuel storage and refueling sites on generated from to be kept away from drainage demolition and channels. road construction • Unusable debris shall be dumped in ditches and low lying areas. • Waste oil and oil soaked cotton/ cloth shall be stored in containers labeled ‘Waste Oil’ and ‘Hazardous’ sold off to MoEF/SPCB authorized vendors • Non-bituminous wastes to be dumped in borrow pits with the concurrence of landowner and covered with a layer of topsoil conserved from opening the pit. • Bituminous wastes will be disposed off in an identified dumping site approved by the State Pollution Control Board • Soil quality monitoring 6. Water Resources  Construction • Provisions shall be made to Clause No. 1010 EP Throughout the Project section During Included in Contractor SQC/MPRDC water connect road side drains with Act 1986 MoSRTH Constructi construction exiting nearby ponds otherwise Specifications for on stage cost make provision of water Road and Bridge harvesting pits intermittently. works

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Environmental Remedial Measure Reference to laws Approximate Time Mitigation Institutional Responsibility Issue/ Component /guidelines Location Frame Cost Implementati Supervision on  Alteration in • Existing drainage system to be Design requirement, Near all drainage channels, river During Included in Contractor SQC/MPRDC surface water maintained and further Clause No 501.8.6. crossings etc. Constructi construction hydrology due to enhanced. MoSRTH on stage cost embankment • Provision shall be made for Specifications for adequate size and number of Road and Bridge cross drainage structures. • Road level shall be raised above HFL level wherever road level is lesser than HFL.

 Siltation in water • Embankment slopes to be Design requirement Near all river water bodies, During Included in Contractor SQC/MPRDC bodies due to modified suitably to restrict the , embankment slopes. Constructi construction construction soil debris entering water bodies. Clause No 501.8.6. on stage cost activities/ • Provision of Silt fencing shall be MoSRTH earthwork made at water bodies. Specifications for • Silt/sediment should be collected Road and Bridge and stockpiled for possible reuse works as surfacing of slopes where (CP and CP) they have to be re-vegetated. and worldwide best • Earthworks and stone works to practices be prevented from impeding natural flow of rivers, streams and water canals or existing drainage system.  Deterioration in • No vehicles or equipment should The Water Water bodies, refueling stations, During Construction Contractor SQC/MPRDC Surface water be parked or refuelled near (Prevention and construction camps. Constructi cost quality due to water-bodies, so as to avoid Control of Pollution) on Stage leakage from contamination from fuel and Act, 1974 and Monitoring cost vehicles and lubricants. amendments as indicated in equipments. • Oil and grease traps and fuelling thereof. EMoP platforms to be provided at re- fuelling locations. • All chemicals and oil shall be stored away from water and concreted platform with catchment pit for spills collection. • All equipment operators, drivers, and warehouse personnel will be 117

Environmental Remedial Measure Reference to laws Approximate Time Mitigation Institutional Responsibility Issue/ Component /guidelines Location Frame Cost Implementati Supervision on trained in immediate response for spill containment and eventual cleanup. Readily available, simple to understand and preferably written in the local language emergency response procedure, including reporting, will be provided by the contractors • Construction camp to be sited away from water bodies. • Wastes must be collected, stored and taken to approve disposal site only. • Water quality shall be monitored periodically. 7. Flora and Fauna  Vegetation loss • Suitable modifications in design Forest Conservation Throughout project corridor During the Indicated MPRDC SQC/MPRDC due to site to minimize tree cutting. Act 1980 design above through preparation and • Roadside trees to be removed + and competent construction with prior approval of competent IRC SP: 21 and IRC Constructi authority activities and authority. SP:66 on stage Plantation Strategy • Compensatory plantation at 1:5 basis • Provision of LPG in construction camp as fuel source to avoid tree cutting, if possible. • Plantation of trees on both sides of the road. Integrate vegetation management (IVM) with the carriage way completely clear of vegetation. From the edge of the road to the boundary of ROW, vegetation structured with smaller plants near the line and larger trees further away to avoid costly and provide habitats for a

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Environmental Remedial Measure Reference to laws Approximate Time Mitigation Institutional Responsibility Issue/ Component /guidelines Location Frame Cost Implementati Supervision on wide variety of plants and animals. Additional plantation near river banks to check erosion (not possible during construction stage). • In the event of design changes during the construction stages additional assessments including the possibility to save trees shall be made by the EA. • Road side Plantation Strategy as per IRC specifications including manuring. • Control use of pesticides/manure 8. Construction Camps  Impact associated • All camps should maintain Design Requirement All construction camps During Included in Contractor SQC/MPRDC with location minimum distance from Constructi construction and EO following: on stage cost # 500 m from habitation # 1000m from forest areas # 500 m from water bodies # 500 m from through traffic route • The camps should be located at an average distance of 50 km 119

Environmental Remedial Measure Reference to laws Approximate Time Mitigation Institutional Responsibility Issue/ Component /guidelines Location Frame Cost Implementati Supervision on  worker’s Health in • The location, layout and basic The Building and All construction camps During Part of the Contractor SQC/MPRDC construction facility provision of each labor Other Construction constructi Contract camp camp will be submitted to SQC workers (Regulation on stage prior to their construction. The of Employment and construction shall commence Conditions of only after approval of SQC. Service) Act 1996 • The contractor will maintain and necessary living accommodation The Water and ancillary facilities in (Prevention and functional and hygienic manner Control of Pollution) as approved by the EA. Act, 1974 and • Preventive medical care to be amendments provided to workers. thereof • Disposal of solid waste on regular basis at identified locations. • The Contractor will take all precautions to protect the workers from insect and pest to reduce the risk to health. This includes the use of insecticides which should comply with local regulations. • No alcoholic liquor or prohibited drugs will be imported to, sell, give, barter to the workers of host community. • Provision of day crèche for children • Recreation and sporting facilities for the staff and workers. • Immunization to immigrant workers/local community against communicable and sexually transmitted diseases. 8. Management of Construction Waste/Dismantled Debris

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Environmental Remedial Measure Reference to laws Approximate Time Mitigation Institutional Responsibility Issue/ Component /guidelines Location Frame Cost Implementati Supervision on  Selection of • Unproductive/wastelands shall Design Requirement At all Dumping Sites Constructi Part of the Contractor. SQC/MPRDC Dumping Sites be selected for dumping sites. and MoSRTH on contract • Away from residential areas and guidelines water bodies • Dumping sites have adequate capacity equal to the amount of debris generated. • Public perception and consent from the village Panchayats has to be obtained before finalizing the location. 121

Environmental Remedial Measure Reference to laws Approximate Time Mitigation Institutional Responsibility Issue/ Component /guidelines Location Frame Cost Implementati Supervision on  Reuse and • The existing bitumen surface disposal of shall be utilized for paving of construction and cross roads, access roads, and dismantled waste paving works in construction sites and camps, temporary traffic diversions, and haulage routes. • All excavated materials from roadway, shoulders, verges, drains, cross drainage will be used for backfilling embankments, filling pits, and landscaping. • Unusable debris material should be suitably disposed off at pre- designated disposal locations, with approval of the concerned authority. The bituminous wastes shall be disposed in secure landfill sites only in environmentally accepted manner. For removal of debris, wastes and its disposal MOSRTH guidelines should be followed. • Unusable and surplus materials, as determined by the Project Engineer, will be removed and disposed off-site. • 8. Accessibility, Traffic Management, Accident and Safety Risks  Design • Temporary traffic diversion shall Throughout the project corridor During Project Contractor SQC/MPRDC requirement and be planned by the contractor and Design requirement especially at intersections. constructi preparation Traffic Planning approved by the ‘Engineer’. and on stage and During • The traffic control plans shall IRC SP:55 construction Construction contain details of diversions; cost Stage traffic safety arrangements during construction; safety

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Environmental Remedial Measure Reference to laws Approximate Time Mitigation Institutional Responsibility Issue/ Component /guidelines Location Frame Cost Implementati Supervision on measures for nighttime traffic and precautions for transportation of hazardous materials. Traffic control plans shall be prepared in line with requirements of IRC’s SP 55 document’. • The Contractor will ensure that the diversion/detour is always maintained in running condition, particularly during the monsoon to avoid disruption to traffic flow. • On stretches where it is not possible to pass the traffic on the part width of existing carriageway, temporary paved diversions will be constructed. • The contractor shall inform local community of changes to traffic routes, and pedestrian access arrangements with assistance from “Engineer”. • Use of adequate signages to ensure traffic management and safety. Conduct of regular safety audit on safety measures.  Pedestrians, • All measures for the safety of Design requirement Near habitation on both sides of Included in Contractor SQC/MPRDC animal and traffic during construction viz. and schools, temples, hospitals, construction in Vehicular signs, markings, flags, lights and • IRC: SP: 27 - graveyards, construction sites, cost. consultation movement, flagmen as proposed in the 1984 Report haulage roads, diversion sites. with Forest Traffic Control Plan/Drawings Containing Some of the specific locations department shall be taken. Recommendation are: at chainages 0.29, 1.63, and MPRDC s of IRC Regional • Temporary access and diversion, Workshops on 3.45, 10.95, 10.99, 26.00-27.8 with proper drainage facilities. Highway Safety etc. • Access facility to the schools • IRC:SP: 32 -1988 located adjacent to the highway. Road Safety for • Provision of service roads, Children (5-12 underpasses near built-up areas. Years Old) 123

Environmental Remedial Measure Reference to laws Approximate Time Mitigation Institutional Responsibility Issue/ Component /guidelines Location Frame Cost Implementati Supervision on Else the cross drainage • IRC:SP: 44 -1994 structures at select locations in Highway Safety high embankment areas can be Code made suitable for crossing over • IRC: SP: 55 - facilities 2001 Guidelines for Safety in • Fencing wherever cattle Construction movement is expected. To avoid Zones the need for cattle underpasses, • The Building and some of the proposed culverts other `near habitations may be Construction widened to facilitate cattle workers Act 1996 movement. and Cess Act of 1996  Accident risk from • Contractors to adopt and Construction sites Constructi Included in Obligation of SQC/MPRDC • Factories Act construction on period construction Contractor maintain safe working practices. 1948 activities • Usage of fluorescent and cost retroflectory signage, in local language at the construction sites • Training to workers on safety procedures and precautions. • Mandatory appoint of safety officer. • All regulations regarding safe scaffolding, ladders, working platforms, gangway, stairwells, excavations, trenches and safe means of entry and egress shall be complied with. • Provision of PPEs to workers. • Provision of a readily available first aid unit including an adequate supply of dressing materials, ambulance, nursing staff, and doctor to be provided. • The contractor will not employ any person below the age of 14 years for any work and no woman will be employed on the

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Environmental Remedial Measure Reference to laws Approximate Time Mitigation Institutional Responsibility Issue/ Component /guidelines Location Frame Cost Implementati Supervision on work of painting with products containing lead in any form. 9. Common Property Resources and other Utilities  Avoidance of • Realignment near all CPRs Project requirement Specifically at the following Design Construction Design SQC/MPRDC CPRs wherever it is technically chainages – 0.29, 1.63, 3.45, Phase cost Consultant feasible. 10.95, 10.99, 26.00-27.8 etc.  Utilities • All telephone and electrical Project requirement Throughout the corridor Before Included in Contractor/S SQC/MPRDC poles/wires and underground Constructi construction / QC cables should be shifted to on R and R cost. avoid any such hazard 10. Enhancement Measures  Environmental • Enhancement of tree Environmental Throughout the corridor Design Construction Contractor SQC/MPRDC enhancement plantations near likely to be Enhancement as and cost along the corridor relocated community part of project Constructi structures/ landscaping etc. requirement on Stage • Enhancement/rehabilitation of borrow areas etc. 11. Contractor Demobilization 125

Environmental Remedial Measure Reference to laws Approximate Time Mitigation Institutional Responsibility Issue/ Component /guidelines Location Frame Cost Implementati Supervision on  Clean-up • Contractor will prepare site Project requirement Throughout the Corridor and Immediate ---- Contractor SQC/MPRDC Operations, restoration plans, which will be borrow areas ly after Restoration and approved by the ‘Engineer’. Constructi Rehabilitation The clean-up and restoration on operations are to be implemented by the contractor prior to demobilization. • All construction zones including river-beds, culverts, road-side areas, camps, hot mix plant sites, crushers, batching plant sites and any other area used/affected by the project will be left clean and tidy, at the contractor's expense, to the satisfaction of the Environmental officer .All the opened borrow areas will be rehabilitated .and ‘Engineer’ will certify in this regard. B. Operation Stage 1. Climate and Air quality  Air pollution due • Roadside tree plantations shall Environmental Throughout the Corridor Througho Indicated In SQC/MPRDC to due to be maintained. Protection Act, ut EMoP vehicular • Regular maintenance of the road 1986; The Air operation movement will be done to ensure good (Prevention and period surface condition Control of Pollution) • Vehicular air pollution will be Act, 1981 managed and monitored at the toll plazas. • .Ambient air quality monitoring. If monitored parameters are above the prescribed limit, suitable control measures must be taken. • Technological and behavioral changes • Road signs shall be provided

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Environmental Remedial Measure Reference to laws Approximate Time Mitigation Institutional Responsibility Issue/ Component /guidelines Location Frame Cost Implementati Supervision on reminding the motorist to properly maintain their vehicles to economize on fuel consumption and protect the environment. 2. Noise Environment  Noise due to • Effective traffic management Noise Pollution Noise sensitive areas such as at Througho Included in SQC/MPRDC movement of and good riding conditions shall (Regulation and chainages 0.29, 1.63, 3.45, ut additional traffic be maintained to reduce the Control) Rules, 10.95, 10.99, 26.00-27.8 etc. operation plantation cost. noise level throughout the 2000 and period stretch and speed limitation and amendments honking restrictions may be thereof enforced near sensitive locations. • The effectiveness of the multilayered plantation should be monitored and if need be, solid noise barrier shall be placed. • Create awareness amongst the residents about likely noise levels from road operation at different distances, the safe ambient noise limits and easy to implement noise reduction measures while constructing a building close to the road.

3. Land and Soil  Soil erosion at • Periodic checking to be carried Project requirement At bridge locations and Througho Included in SQC/MPRDC embankment to assess the effectiveness of embankment slopes and other ut Operation/ during heavy rain the stabilization measures viz. probable soil erosion areas. operation Maintenance fall. turfing, stone pitching, river period cost training structures etc.  Soil erosion at • Visual monitoring and Project requirement At bridge locations and Througho Included in SQC/MPRDC borrow areas inspection of soil erosion at embankment slopes and other ut Operation/ 127

Environmental Remedial Measure Reference to laws Approximate Time Mitigation Institutional Responsibility Issue/ Component /guidelines Location Frame Cost Implementati Supervision on borrow areas, quarries (if probable soil erosion areas. operation Maintenance closed and rehabilitated), period cost embankments and other places expected to be affected, will be carried out once in every three months as suggested in monitoring plan. 4. Water Resources  Contamination of • Monitoring of surface water Near Kwari River SQC/MPRDC surface water bodies Indicated in quality due to EMoP leakage of oil  Siltation • Regular visual checks shall be made to observe any incidence of blockade of drains/culverts. Regular checks shall be made for soil erosion and turfing conditions of river training structures for its effective maintenance. . .  Water logging • Regular checks shall be done Throughout the corridor due to blockade along the alignment to ensure of streams that flow of water is maintained through crossdrains and other channels/streams. • Monitoring of water borne diseases due to stagnant water bodies 5. Flora and Fauna  Vegetation • Planted trees, shrubs, and Forest Conservation At chainage 26.00 to 27.80 During Indicated in SQC/MPRDC grasses to be properly Act 1980 whole Monitoring cost maintained. operation in EMoP • The tree survivalist audit to be period conducted at least once in a year to assess the effectiveness • Provision of box culvert of 2.5

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Environmental Remedial Measure Reference to laws Approximate Time Mitigation Institutional Responsibility Issue/ Component /guidelines Location Frame Cost Implementati Supervision on m height shall be made to provide safe passage to animals if any crosses the road. 6. Flooding/ inundation  Road inundation • MPRDC will ensure that all Project operation Particularly near low lying areas During Overall SQC/MPRDC due to choking of drains (side drains and all cross requirement especially near Ater. whole Operation cost drainage drainages) are periodically operation channels cleared especially before period monsoon season to facilitate the quick passage of rainwater and avoid flooding. 7. Right-of-Way Maintenance  Accident Risk due • The construction site shall be Project requirement Throughout the Project route During Included in SQC/MPRDC to uncontrolled kept completely clear of whole operation/ growth of vegetation. operation Maintenance vegetation • Regular maintenance of period. cost plantation • Invasive plant not to be planted near the road. • Controlled use of herbicide/pesticide • The designated ROW shall be maintained free of any encroachment. 8. Accidents and Safety  Accident risks • Traffic control measures, IRC:SP:55 Throughout the Project route During Included in SQC/MPRDC associated with including speed limits, will be whole operation/ traffic movement. enforced strictly. operation Maintenance • Further encroachment and period. cost squatting within the ROW will be prevented. • No school or hospital will be allowed to be established within 100 m of the highway without permission from the planning authorities. 129

Environmental Remedial Measure Reference to laws Approximate Time Mitigation Institutional Responsibility Issue/ Component /guidelines Location Frame Cost Implementati Supervision on • Monitor/ensure that all safety provisions included in design and construction phase are properly maintained • Highway patrol unit(s) for round the clock patrolling. Phone booths for accidental reporting and ambulance services with minimum response time for rescue of any accident victims. • Tow-away facility for the break down vehicles. • Coordination with operating agency of intersecting National Highways to have common facilities and share the costs as appropriate.  Transport of • Preparation of spill prevention Throughout the project stretch Included in SQC/MPRDC Dangerous and control and emergency operation/ Goods preparedness and responsive Maintenance plans based on an analysis of cost. hazards, implementation of presentation and control measures. 9. Monitoring Operation Performance  Monitoring • Monitor the operational Throughout the corridor Included in SQC/MPRDC Operation performance of the mitigation/ EMoP Performance enhancement measures carried out as a part of the project • The indicators selected for monitoring include the survival rate of trees; utility of enhancement provision, status of rehabilitation of borrow areas, Air quality, water quality, noise levels, soil quality, drainage pattern, etc. EA: Executing Agency, MPRDC: Madhya Pradesh Road Development Corporation, SQC: Supervision Quality Controller, EO: Environmental Officer, IRC: Indian Road Congress

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APPENDIX 7.2 : Monitoring Plan for the Performance Indicators Env. Project Frequency Approximate Indicator Parameters Method/Guidelines Location Standards Implementation Supervision Stage and Duration cost (Rs) s High volume sampler Hot mix plants, stone crushers to be located 50 m 24 hr Contractor and construction/ earthwork Construction from the plant in the continuous, 6x5000x3x3 through approved sites and as suggested by NAAQS SQC stage downwind direction. 3/year for 3 =Rs. 2,70,000 monitoring SQC Use method specified years agency SPM, (Total 6 Locations) by CPCB for analysis Air RSPM, SO2, High volume sampler Quality NOX, CO, to be located 50 m Major Road Intersections and 24 hr SQC through HC from the selected 6X5000x3X1 Operation Residential area continuous, approved locations in the NAAQS =Rs 90,000 SQC stage (6 Locations) 3/year for 1 monitoring downwind direction. year agency Use method specified by CPCB for analysis Groundwater at Construction Ground Camps/site and Surface water water: (IS: at and downstream of river Contractor Construction 10500:1991) 3/year for 3 6x 4000x3X3 through approved Kwari and any large pond CPCB SQC stage and years =Rs 216, 000 monitoring Grab sample collected located close to the alignment Surface agency from source and being used by local water for analyze as per Water Class D and community. Quality Standard Methods for Class E as Groundwater at 2 locations and Prescribed Examination of Water by CPCB and Wastewater Surface water sample of river EO through Operation Kwari (downstream of bridge 3/year for 1 6X3x4000 approved and for CPCB SQC stage vector borne Location) and stagnant water year =Rs 72, 000 monitoring diseases bodies developed due to agency borrow areas Once during Guidelines Siltation Visual Checks for presence of All rivers/streams/drainage rainy seasons Routine work from water in Water Construction construction debris/waste and channels and major water of the of Engineering Contractor SQC resources Bodies bodies along the stretch construction Team blockade of drainage channels department period. 131

Env. Project Frequency Approximate Indicator Parameters Method/Guidelines Location Standards Implementation Supervision Stage and Duration cost (Rs) s Guidelines EO, with support Once during Routine work from water of Water Operation operation of of Engineering SQC st resources Resource 1 year Team department Department Construction sites, major road Free field at 1 m from intersections and 1 each at 24 hr 10x1500x3x3 Construction the equipment whose residential, commercial and continuous, =Rs. 1,35,000 SQC SQC stage noise levels are being sensitive locations along the 3*/year for 3 Equivalent determined. alignment. years Noise levels Noise (10 Locations) on dB (A) MoEF levels Equivalent Noise scale for day levels using an Near residential, commercial and night Operation integrated noise level and silence zone. 3 / year for 1 6x3000x3X1 SQC SQC stage meter kept at a (6 Locations) year =Rs 54, 000 distance of 15 m from edge of Pavement NPK (ICAR standard ) Once during CPCB and Construction and heavy agricultural land and HMP whole NPK as per 12,000 SQC SQC Stage metals for sites construction ICAR Soil dredging stage standard Quality sites At oil spillage locations and Once for the Operation Oil and As specified by the other probable soil first year of CPCB 12,000 SQC SQC stage grease site engineer contamination location operation MPRDC/SQC Part of routine Construction Visual action of After first rain Contractor MPRDC Stage Visual check Throughout the project Checks engineering Soil for Soil corridor especially at River team Erosion erosion and banks, bridge locations Part of routine Once during Operation siltation structures Visual action of operation of Engineering Team of MPRDC Stage st Checks engineering 1 year team Throughout the Project Part of routine Drainage Once in a Construction Corridor especially at probable None action of Contractor’s Congesti Visual Checks year before SQC stage drainage congestion areas as Specific engineering Engineering Team on rainy season described in IEE team

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Env. Project Frequency Approximate Indicator Parameters Method/Guidelines Location Standards Implementation Supervision Stage and Duration cost (Rs) s Once in a Part of routine Operation year before None action of MPRDC Engineering Team Stage rainy season Specific engineering for 3 yrs team IRC guidelines Identification of and Best Contractor with Construction Visual Once in a borrow areas as per Borrow areas to be operated Practices approval from SQC Stage Checks month IEE for Borrow MPRDC Borrow Part of the area Areas Contract operation Borrow Operation Visual Rehabilitation as Quarterly for 1 Area Closed Borrow Areas MPRDC Stage Checks recommended in IEE year rehabilitatio n Plan Storage Area, Construct Construction IRC Quarterly ion Sites for guidelines Part of the Contractor with Construction Rapid audit as per during Sites and Hygiene, Construction Sites and Camp and to the regular approval from SQC stage reporting format construction Labour drainage satisfaction monitoring E.O., MPRDC period Camp Medical of SQC Facilities Etc. During site Surveillance monitoring of trees Construction Throughout the Project clearance in felling SQC/Local Forest Departments Stage Section construction As phase Included in Tree suggested overall The Engineer will be responsible Plantatio by Forest plantation Cost for monitoring upto the Defect n Operation Audit for survival rate of trees Throughout the Project Once in a Dept. Liability Period in any particular stage plantation Section year for years stretch. After this period the SQC will be responsible for monitoring Monitoring Costs: INR 0.86 Million MPRDC – Madhya Pradesh Road Development Corporation Limited, EO: Environmental Officer, SQC-Supervision Quality Controller; IS - India standard; NOx - Nitrogen Oxide; Pb - Plumbum, (lead); RPM - Respirable Particulate Matter; SO2 - Sulfur Dioxide; SPM - Suspended Particulate Matter, HC- Hydrocarbon, CO- Carbon monoxide