1953 CONGRESSIONAt· RECORD__: SENATE 508i l By Mr. BILLINGS: The VICE PRESIDENT. Without .ob .. H. R. 5264. A bill for the relief of Carlo SENATE jection, it is so ordered. Panno; to the Committee· on the Judiciary. By Mr. JOHNSON: TUESDAY, MAY 19, 1953 H. R. 5265. A bill for the relief of Margarete PETITIONS AND MEMORIALS Hohmann Springer; to the Committee on .. Petitions, etc., were laid before the the Judiciary. Senate and referred as indicated: The Senate met at 12 o'clock meridian. By Mr. KEOGH: . By the VICE PRESIDENT: H. R. 5266. A bill for the relief of Cres­ on the expiration of the recess. cenzo Di Donna; to the Committee on the The Chaplain, Rev ~ Frederick Brown A joint resolution of the Legislature of the Judiciary. Harris, D. D., offered the following State of ; to the Committee on Finance: By Mr~ LESINSKI: prayer: H. R. 5267. A bill for the relief of Isidoro "Senate Joint Memorial 5 Heredia Ruiz; to the Committee on Judi- 0 God, our spirits are restless until "To the Honorable Dwight D. Eisenhower, ciary. , they find the rest of Thy presence; our President of the , and to By Mr. MAILLIARD (by request): hearts are empty and our lives barren the Senate and House of Representatives H. R. 5268. A bill for the relief of Selim until Thou dost possess our very souls. of the United States of America, in Con­ (Robert) Salloum; to the Committee on the gress assembled, and to the Federal Se· Apart from Thee these feverish days are curity Administrator: Judiciary. but tangled tragedy, sound and fury "We, your memorialists, the Senate and signifying nothing, devoid of meaning, House of Representatives of the State of PETITIONS, ETC. dignity, and beauty. In Thy radiance Washington, in legislative session assembled, trivial rounds become sacraments, com.. Under clause 1 of rule petitions respectfully represent and petition as fol• xxri, mon days are glorified and even bitter.. lows: and papers were laid on the Clerk's desk ness, disappointment, an¢! failure are "Whereas Federal legislation and regula­ and referred as follows: transfigured and redeemed. tions limit the particip~tion in any aid pro­ . 259. By Mr~ BUSH: Petition of the Black Make us great enough for these great gram to States, making such aid payments Forest Conservation AssOciation, Couders._ strictly on the basis of need and thereby · port, Pa., protesting the passage of the land• days. Deliver us from pride and preju.. prevent States from recognizing the princi­ grab bill, H. R. 4023 and S. 1491, and request­ dice. Join us to those who labor to ple of incentive earnings without jeopardiz­ ing that this protest be made part of the bring sense and system to this disordered ing their rights to Federal funds; and official record of the hearings on H. R. 4023 · globe, and grant that our eyes may yet "Whereas the inability of States under any scheduled by the House Subcommittee on look upon a world that has found the circumstances to recognize the earnings of Public Lands; and urging f!'lovorable action pathway leading onward to the plains of any persons which commence or are in· on H. R. 4268 and S. 1509, m: any similar universal peace. In the dear Redeemer's creased after a grant is made to such person bills that would improve the supervision and · name. Amen. without the deduction in full thereof from ·use of public lands; to the Committee on the amount of their grants, has in ma.ny Interior and Insular Affairs. · cases prevented persons from eventually be­ 260. By the SPEAKER: Petition of the THE JOURNAL coming self-supporting · or partially self· Southern Bipartisan Citizens' Housing Com­ On request of TAFT, and by unani.. supporting thereby causing an actual loss in Mr. the long run to both the State and Federal mittee, Atlanta, Ga., relative to H. R. 4663, mous consent. the re:;tding of the and requesting restoration of the public­ relief funds; and housing program as recommended by Presi­ Journal of the proceedings of Monday, "Whereas the Federal Government has rec­ dent Eisenhower and Sena tor TAFT; to the May 18, 1953, was dispensed with. ognized this situation to the extent of mak­ Committee on Appropriations. ing a special provision that the first $50 of 261. Also, petition of Florence Scl;lmidt earnings by the blind is exempt from the and others, Chicago, Ill., protesting contin­ MESSAGES FROM THE PRESIDENT- operation of the above rule, and has further ued membership in the and APPROVAL OF BILL made it possible for children to participate in the FFA or 4-H educational programs requesting Congress .to enact legislation that Messages in writing from the Presi.. will take the United States out of the United even though the same may bring about earn­ Nations and the United Nations out of the dent of the United States were com.. ings or profit on their part through their United States; to the Committee on Foreign municated to the Senate by Mr. Miller, participation without a reduction in the one of his secretaries, and he announced grants made to or in respect to such chil­ Affairs. dren, and that the number of persons affect­ 262. Also, petition of Eastern Arizona As.­ that on May 18, 1953, the President had sociation of Indian Affairs, Sa1ford, Ariz., re­ approved and signed the act • be it ful'ther spectfully pray that the Congress of the A concurrent resolution of the Legislature "Resolved, United States speedily take such action as That copies or this resolution of the Territory oi Hawaii; to the Committee be sent to the Pre~dent of the United States, may be necessary to make known to the on Public Works; the Senators and Representatives from the public the elevation of the theoretical maxi­ State of Washington, to the Vice President mum high-water level of the pool behind "House Concurrent Resolutinn 30 and chairman of the Committee on Finance the proposed John Day Dam and the prob­ "Concurrent resolution requesting the Con­ of the Senate, to the Speaker and chairman able year in which the construction of this gress of the United States of America to of the Ways and Means Committee in the dam be started; Be 1~ enact legislation providing for the estab­ House of Representatives. and to the Fe.deral "Resolved., That copies of this memorial lishment and construction of a new. post­ Security Administrator." be immediately transmitted to the Honor­ office bui1ding in the ·palama-Kalihi dis­ Two joint resolutions o1 the Legislature able Dwight D. Eisenhower, President of the trict, Honolulu, Oabu of the State of Washington; to the Commit­ United States. the President of the United "Whereas it is essential that the people tee on Public works: States Senate. the Speaker of the· House of residing in the districts of Kalihi and Palama. Representatives, and. to each Member of Con­ "Senate Joint Memorial 6 have an adequate, modern post-office build­ gress from the State of Washington.'• ing in theiJ:' districts to service their postal "To the Honorable Dwight D. Eisenhower, A joint resolution of the Legislature of the needs; and' President of the United States, and to the Territory of Hawaii; to the Committee on "Whereas the 'United States post office at Senate and House of Representati ves of Interior and Insular A1Iairs: Honolulu. Oahu, does not now have the the United States of America, in. Con- gress Assembled; "Joint resolution requesting the Congress of 1;1ecessary facilities to adequate satisfy the the United ·states to pass an act authoriz- postal needs of the people in these areas: ••we, your memorlailsts, the 33d Legfsla- ing the return of property acquired by the Now; therefore, be it ture of the State of Washington, convened in Territory of Hawaii and by the government "Resolved by the House of Representative$. ' 'regular session, respectfully represent and of the several counties including the city of the 27th Legislature of the Territory of Hawaii (the Senate concurring). petition as follows: · d t 0 f H lui f local i That the "Whereas there exists in the state of an · co'Wl Y ono u rom · · res- Congress of the United States of America be, Washington a. partially constructed coastal dents during World War II and it is hereby respectfully requested to highway which begins at the city of Hoquiam ''Whereas during World War rr. several enact regislation providing for the estab­ in Grays Harbor County, skirts the north eleemosynary organizations whose members lishment and construction of a new post­ shores of Grays Harbor and North Bay.' and were persons of Japanese extraction, many office building in the Palama. and Kalihi dis­ then turns northerly to follow the shore of of whom were citizens of the United States, tricts, Ho~olulu, oahu, and appropriating the Pacific Ocean to a junction with the owned real property; and sUfficient funds therefor; and be it further Olympic Loop Highway in the vicinity of "Whereas such persons were· made to feel "Resolved,. That certified copies of this Queets; and that their loyalty was under grave suspicion, concurrent resolution be transmitted to the "Whereas this highway is of major Im- notwithstanding there was no basis for ~y President o~ the Senate and the Speaker of portance to the Nation !rom the standpoint suspicion; and the House of Representatives of the Congress of coastal defense and of-great importance to "Whereas it was made known to such per- of the United States of America, to the Post­ 1 the economic development o! the State;. and sons that the suspicion, baseless though it master General, to the Secretary of the In­ "Whereas there is a 14-mi:le section of this was, might be somewhat allayed by the eon­ terior, and to the Delegate to Congress from highway between Taholah, on the left bank veyance of the property aforesaid to the gov­ Hawaii." of the Quinault River, and the aforesaid ernment of the Territory of Hawaii and to juncti,on with the Olympic Loop Highway 'the government of the several counties in­ . A resolution adopted by the As­ not yet constructed; said unconstructed sec- eluding the city and co.unty of Honolulu sociation of B'nai B'rith Lodges. at Colum­ tion being entirely within the boundaries of without monetary consideration; and bus, Ga. • favoring a revision of the so-called the Quinault Indian ; and "Whereas the people o! the Territory of McCarran-Walter Immigration Act, so as to "Whereas State and Federal funds for the Hawaii speaking through their legislators, remove from it the discriminatory na.tional construction of this part of the highway, feel that all such lands should be returned: origins quota system; to the Committee on which, with necessary bridges, is estimated Now, therefore the Judiciary. to cost $2,810,000, will not be available in "Be it enacted. by the Legislatu.Te oj the A resolution adopted by the Georgia As­ t~e foreseeable future; Territory 0 1 Hawaii: ~ sociation of B"nai B'rith Lodges, at Colum­ "Now, therefore your memorialists respect- "SECTION 1· The Congress of the United bus, Ga., protesting against the persecution fully pray that the Congress of the United States of America is hereby respectfully re­ of religious -and .national minorities in the States speedily take such legislative action quested to enact the following law: · ~ to the Committee on Foreign Relations. as may be necessal'y to bring about the com- "'A bill to provide for the return of certain pletion of the highway described hereinbe- lands acquired by the Territory of Hawaii A memorandum In the nature of a peti­ fore; and be it and by the several counties including the tion, issued by the 33d Congress of the Slovak ".Resolved, That copies of this memorial be city and county of Honolulu by gift League of America, .Milwaukee, Wis., relat­ ing tb the policy o! offering asylum and ma­ immediately transmitted to the Honorable •• 'Be it enacted, etc.- t .erial and moral aid to the peoples of ali na­ i Dwight D. Eisenhower. President of the " 'SECTION 1. That any provision of any tions persecuted for their political or relig­ United States, the President of the United other law to the contrary notwithstanding, ious convictions; to the Committee on For- States Senate, the Speaker of the House of the commissioner of public rands of the Ter­ . eign Relations. Representatives, and to each Member of ritory of Hawaii, with the approval of the Congx:ess !rom the State of Washington." governor of the Territory of Hawaii, is hereby l authorized and directed, for the sole consid- THE PRESENT AGRICULTURAL 1 "Senate Joint Memorial 14 eration of the provisions of this act, to re- "To the Honarable Dwight D. Eisenhower, convey to the persons and organizations who, SITUATION-RESOLUTION President of the United States, and. to . during World War II. without monetary con­ Mr. YOUNG. Mr. President, I pre~ the Senate and House of Bepresenta- sideration conveyed to the government of sent for appropriate reference, and ask tives- of the United states oj America, th~ Territory o! Hawaii and to the govern­ in Congress Assembled: ment of the several counties including the unanimous consent to have .printed in -v/'e, · your memorialists, the Senate and city and county of Honolulu, land and prop­ the RECORD. without the signatures at- the House of Representatives of the State erty theretofore acquired by them for elee­ . tached. a resolution recently adopted by o! Washington in legislative session assem- mosynary purposes. a group. of farnters and businessmen bled respectfully represent and petition as• "'SEc. 2· This act sball take effect upon its from New B.ockford, .N. Dak.~ and vicin­ !ona'ws: . approval..' ity, relating to the present agricultural "WhereM there exists in the State of • ..SEC. 2. Certified copies of this Joint resc­ situation. . The :resolution sets forth very Washington a primary State highway on the lution shall be sent to the President of the clearly the thinking of a great majority north sfde of the Columbia River from Van- United States, to the President of the Senate of farmers in No-rth Dakota:. couver to Maryhill; and and the Speaker of' the House of Representa- There being :no objection. the resolu­ ..Whereas it is essential to the economy of · · tives of the Congress of the United States 'Jf the State and the orderly development of America, to the Secretary of the Interior, to tion was referred to the Committee on ·lines of transportation leading to and !rom the Delegate to Congress from Hawaii, and Agriculture and Forestry, and ordered to the Columbia Basin that this highway be to the mayor, chairman, and executive officer be printed in the RECORD, without the continued easterly on a water grade along of the board of supervisors of the several signatures attached. as follows: the north bank of the river for a distance counties including the city and county of "Here and now, without any ifs or buts, I of 37 miles; and · Honolulu. say to you that I stand.behind, and theRe- 1953 .CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE 5083 publican Party stands behind, the amend- Senator from Wyoming [Mr. HuNT], be such as cited by the Senator from Dela­ ment to the basic farm act to contin~e added as cosponsors of the bill. ware. through . 1954 the price supports on bas1c The VICE PRESIDENT. The report The VICE PRESIDENT. The bill will commod1ties at 90 ·percent of parity. '11 b · · d d th b'll · 1 b "I firmly believe that agriculture is en- WI e receive • an e I Wil e be received and appropriately referred. titled to a fair, full share of the national ' Pl3:ced. ·on the calendar; and, without The bill

Editorial on the subject Understanding ~RARY ECONOMIC CONTROLS modification, will be the one which was America, written by Ben F. Ray, chairman of The Senate resumed the consideration made on April 10. the Alabama Democratic Executiv~ Commit­ Mr. BYRD. Mr. President, offer tee, and published in the Montgomery (Ala.) of the bill

on Foreign Econom~c Policy, to be com­ rangements, customs procedures, marking · Mr. GORE. I am willing to follow the posed of Members of both Houses and a and transit problems, concealed regulation of recommendations of the President in· exports and imports, p_~eferential tari1I sys­ certain number of members to be ap­ tems, most-favored nation treatment, gov• both instances. I was hoping that the pointed by the President. Under this ernment _monopolies, State-controlled econ­ passage of the one measure would facili­ plan the Senate would appoint 3 mem­ omies, State trading, State-subsidized trad­ tate early passage of the other. bers, the House 3 members, and the ing. .. Mr. MILLIKIN. I could not in good President 5 members. In the case of the (8) Effect of existing and proposed trade faith say that, although I am hopeful House and Senate not more than 2 mem­ policies on promotion of peace and security that the Reciprocal ·Trade Agreements bers of the 3 shall belong to the same · and betterment of political, social, and eco­ Act will be extended for 1 year. party. So far as the Presidential ap­ nomic life. Mr. HENDRICKSON. Mr. President pointees are concerned, not more than It can be seen that the purpose ·of a parliamentary inquiry. • 3 of the 5 shall belong to the same party. the Commission is a very broad one. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The The purpose is to make a thorough The joint resolution provides that a re­ Senator will state it. study of our international trade. Let port shall be made not later than 60 Mr. HENDRICKSON. Has the joint me read some of the duties of the Com­ days after the commencement of the resolution yet been acted upon? mission, so that the scope of the project second session of the present Congress. The PRESIDING OFFICER. It has may be judged. I read from the joint The reason I am asking for immediate not yet been acted upon. resolution, under the heading "Duties of consideration of the joint resolution is Mr. GEORGE. Mr. President, I rise the Commission": to allow the Commission to get to work to urge the passage of the joint resolu­ DUTIES OF THE COMMISSION on this very important subject. tion. It was considered by the Finance SEC. 9. The Commission is directed to ex­ Mr. GORE. Mr. President, will the Committee, and the committee re-com­ amine, study, and report on the subject of Senator yield? mended Jts passage. international trade and to recommend poli­ Mr. MILLIKIN. I yield. This measure involves a study which cies, measures, and practices for stimulating Mr. GORE. {s it the opinion of the must be conducted by a competent staff. its sound enlargement. distinguished Senator from Colorado The study is very comprehensive, and in­ Without limiting the general scope. of this that the establishment of the Commis­ volves a survey of wide scope. In order direction, the work of the Commission shall .to obtain a competent staff of sufficient include consideration of, and· report on, the sion would facilitate the extension of the Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act size to do this work, it -is necessary to following matters: have early action on the joint resolution. (1) (a) Applicable provisions of the Con­ for 1 year, as requested? stitution of the United States; Mr. MILLIKIN. The two things are I therefore hope that it will be passed (b) Laws, regulations, and practices of the not necessarily tied together. The Pres­ speedily, and that the House may act on United States relating to international trade, ident has asked for both. He has asked ·it expeditiously. including such mat.ters as tazi1Is, customs, for this Commission, and he has also The PRESIDING OFFICER. The customs administration, trade agreements, · asked for the extension of the Recipro­ joint resolution is open to amendment. peril point and escape procedures, opinions If there be no amendment to be pro- , and decisions thereon of the United States cal Trade Agreements Act. One mem­ ber of the committee has stated that in posed, the question is on the engross·. Tari1I Commission and the President, import ment and third reading of the joint reso­ and export quotas, monetary licenses, coun­ voting for the joint resolution he was tervailing duties, and procurement prefer­ not necessarily binding himself to vote lution. ences; for the extension of the Reciprocal The joint resolution was orqered to be (c) Departments, agencies, boards, com­ Trade Agreements Act. That question engrossed for a third reading and was read the third time. · · missions, bureaus, and other instrumentali­ was raised by one member of the com­ ties of the United States having jurisdiction mittee. If the Reciprocal Trade Agree­ The PRESIDING OFFICER. The over, or dealing with, these matters; joint resolution having been read the (d) Laws, regulations, and practices and . ments Act were not extended, there would be perhaps more reason for the third time, the question is, Shall it pass? official instrumentalities of other nations The joint resolution (S. J. Res. 78) was concerned with similar subject matters; Commission than there would be if the passed, as follows: (e) Pertinent statistics on international Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act were trade; Resolved, etc., That there is hereby estab­ extended. . lished a bipartisan commission to be known (f) Balance of payments, nation by na­ Mr. GORE. Mr. President, will the - as the Commission on Foreign Economic tion, excessive imbalances, causes, e1Iects, Senator further yield? Policy (in this act referred to as the "Com· proposed remedies. Mr. MILLIKIN. Certainly. mission"). (2) Relationship of our foreign economic Mr. GORE. It seems to the junior policies to, and their influences on, our total MEMBERSHIP OF THE COMMISSION foreign policy, proper relationship of each Senator from Tennessee that the estab­ SEc. 2. (a) Number and appointment: to the other. lishment of a commission to make· a The Commission shall be composed of 11 (3) E1Iect of our foreign aid and military study of the scope indicated by the Sen­ members as follows: _ defense programs on international trade and ator from Colorado would make it neces­ (1) Five appointed by the President of the international balance of payments. sary to extend the program now in ex­ United States, of whom no mo:r:e than three ( 4) Foreign markets of trading nations­ isten~e pending the establishment of a shall be appointed from the executive extent and nature--e1Iect thereon of wars, policy by the administration. The Sen­ branch of the Government; · other emergencies, technological advances, ator from Tennessee was hoping that (2) Three appointed from the Senate by international relations, and other pertinent the Vice President of the United States; the distinguished chairman of the com­ (3) Three appointed from the House of factors. · mittee would express the opinion that (5) International instrumentalities, or­ Representatives by the Speaker of the House ganizations, agreements, and practices affect­ the establishment of this commission for of Representatives. ing trade such as General Agreement on the purpose of making a study would (b) Political affiliation: Of the first Tari1Is and Trade, Customs Unio-ns: Organi­ facilitate the extension of the Recipro- . class of members mentioned in subsection zation for European Economic Cooperation, cal Trade Agreements Act for another . (a) , no more than three members shall be International Wheat Agreement, cartels, . year. from the same political party. Of the sec­ European Payments Union, European Coal Mr. }\4ILLIKIN. Most respectfully, let ond and third classes of members mentioned and Steel Community, International Mone­ in subsection (a), no more than two mem­ me say that I think there is a relation bers from each class shall be from the same tary Fund. between the two, but .I do not think t(here (6) Foreign investment capital, flow of political party. is a necessary relationship. I do not investment capital between nations-need ORGANIZATION OF THE .COMMISSION want to overplead my case. One mem­ thereof-restrictions thereon-inducements SEC. 3. The Commission shall elect a ·· necel)sary to encourage, role of Export-Import ber of the committee voted for the joint chairman and a vice chairman from among 1 Bank and International Bari.k for Reconstruc­ resolution, but stated that that did not its members. · . tion and Development. necessarily mean that he would vote for QUORUM (7) Effects on international trade- of fac­ what the Pr-esident requests with respect SEc. 4: Six members of the Commission tors such as costs of production and pricing, to extension of_ tne _ReciprocaJ Trade shall constitute a quorum. labor practices and standards, general living Agree.rpepts Act. If we. did not ;follow standards, currency manipulation, ·incon­ COMPENSATION OF MEMBERS OF THE vertible currencies, official inflationary poli- · the President's. request with respect · to­ COMMISSION cies, currency devalu~tions, exchange co~ the extension of the Reciprocal Trade , SEc. 5. (a) Members of Congress: Mem.. trois and licenses, quQtas, embargoes, _dump-. Agreements Act that would probably en- · bers of Congress who are members of ~he ing and _pricing practices, multiple curren- _ hance the need for this kind of com· Commission shall serve without compensa· cies, birateral trade. agreements, -batter ar- mission: · tion. in- addition to that received ·for the~ 5112 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE May 19· services as Members of Congress; but they (2) Relationship of our foreign economic Mr. KNOWLAND. It is my under .. shall be reimbursed for travel, subsistence, policies to, and their in:fluences on, our total standing that the appropriation bill is a.nd other necessary expenses incillred by foreign policy, proper relationship of each the pending business of the Senate. them in the performance of the duties vested to the other. in the Commission. (3) Effect of our foreign-aid and military­ The PRESIDING OFFICER. Yes. (b) · Members from the executive branch: defense programs on international trade and Consideration of it was laid over until The members of the Commission who are.. international balance of payments. tomorrow. in the executive branch of the Government (4) Foreign markets of trading nations­ Mr. KNOWLAND. Under the unani­ shall each receive the compensation which extent and nature-effect thereon of wars, mous-consent agreement entered into, is he would receive if he were not a member other emergencies, technological advances, a vote on the bill to be had tomorrow? of the Commission, but they shall be reim­ international relations, and other pertinent · •The PRESIDING OFFICER. No bursed for travel, subsistence, and other nec­ factors. essary expenses incurred by them in the per­ ( 5) International instrumentalities, or­ unanir.1ous-consent agreement was en­ formance of the duties vested in the Com­ ganizations, agreements, and practices affect­ tered into with respect to a vote on the mission. ing trade, such as General Agreement on bill. (c) Members from private life: The mem- . Tariffs and Trade, Customs Unions, Organ­ Mr. KNOWLAND. But the agreement bers from private life shall receive not to ization for European Economic Cooperation, was that the bill would go over until to­ exceed $15 per diem when engaged in the International Wheat Agreement, cartels, Eu­ morrow, and it is now the pending busi­ performance of duties vested in the Com­ ropean Payments Union, European Coal and ness of the Senate. Is that correct? missiol_l, plus reimbursement for travel, sub­ Steel Coll]lllunity, International J.4onetary The PRESIDING OFFICER. The sistence, and other necessary expenses in­ Fund. Senator is correct. curred by them in the perform!!Lnce of such (6) Foreign im•estment capital, flow of duties. investment capital between nations-need Mr. ~'lOWLAND. Mr. President, for STAFF OF THE coMMISSION thereof-restrictions thereon-inducements the information of the Senate, the ma­ SEc. 6. The commission shall have power necessary to encourage, role of Export-Import jority leader has asked me to make an to appoint such personnel as it deems ad- Bank and International Bank for Recon­ announcement. visable~ without regard to the civil-service struction and Development. The appropriation bill for the inde­ laws, and to fix the compensation of such (7) Effects on international trade of fac­ pendept oflices will be considered tomor­ personnel in accordance with the Classifica- tors such as costs of production and pricing, row. We do not know whether consid­ tion Act of 1949, as amended. The Com- labor practices and standards, general living eration of the bill will be completed to­ mission is further authorized to employ ex- standards, currency manipulation, i~con­ morrow. Assuming that it will take perts and consultants for temporary and in- vertible currencies, official inflationary poli­ termittent personal services, but at rates not cies, currency devaluations, exchange con­ most of the session of the Senate tomor­ to exceed $75 per diem for individuals. The trols and licenses, quotas, embargoes, dump­ row, it \7ill then be our purpose, with Commission is authorized to reimburse em- ing and pricing practices, multiple cur­ the approval of the Senate, to take up ployees, experts, and consultants for · travel, · rencies, bilateral trade agreements, barter the Legislative Calendar on Thursday; subsistence, and other necessary expenses in- arrangements, customs procedures, marking Of course, if consideration of the inde­ curred by them in the performance of their and transit problems, concealed regulation pendent oflices appropriation bill is not official duties and to make reasonable ad- · of exports and imports, preferential tariff completed tomorrow the bill will go over :vances to such persons for. such purposes. systems, most-favored-nation treatment, . . government monopolies, State-controlled until Thursday, .and the Senate will keep EXPENSES OF THE COMMISSION economies, State trading, State-subsidized working on it until its consideration is SEc. 7. There is hereby authorized to be - -trading. completed. appropriated, out of any money in the Treas- (8) Effect of existing and proposed trade ury not otherwise appropriated, so much as policies on promotion of peace and security may be necessary to carry out the provisions apd betterment of political, soci~l, and eco- A MATTER OF CONGRESSIONAL of this act. nomic life. · PROCEDURE · REPORT-EXPIRATION OF THE COMMISSION POWERS OF THE COMMISSION Mr. HUMPHREY. Mr. President, I SEC. 8. (a) Report: Within 60 days after SEC. 10. (a) The Commission or, on the ask unanimous consent to have printed the 2d session of the 83d Congress is con­ authorization of the Commission, any sub­ in the body of the REcORD, an article by vened, the Commission shall make a report committee or member thereof, shall have Mr. Roscoe Drummond, of the Christian ot its findings and recommendations to the power to hold hearings and to sit and act at Science Monitor. This article analyzes Congress. such places and times, to require by sub-. what I consider to be a serious matter . (b) Expiration of the Commission: 90 pena or otherwise the attendance of such days after the submission to the Congress of in the procedure of the Congress. Mr. witnesses and the production of such books, Drummond has reviewed the committee the report provided for in subsection (a) of papers, and documents, to administer such this section 8, the Commission shall cease to oaths, to take such testimony, and to make sessions of the Congress and advises that exist. such lawful expenditures, as the Commis­ from January 3 to March 31, congres­ DUTIES OF THE COMMISSION sion or such subcommittee or :nember may sional committees and subcommittees SEC. 9. The Commission is directed to ex­ deem advisable. Subpenas shall be issued have held about 860 meetings, 417 of amine, study, and report on the subject of under the signature of the Chairman of the them have been completely secret and international trade and to recommend poli­ Commission and shall be served by any per­ 22 partly secret. cies, measure&, and practices for stimulating son designated by him. He also makes appropriate note of the its sound enlargement. (b) The Commission is authorized to se­ Without limiting the general scope of this cure from any department, agency, or inde­ fapt as he puts it "that the majority of direction, the work of the Commission shall pendent instrumentality of the Government the members of the Cabinet have been include consideration of, and report on, the any information it deems necessary to carry silent, uncommunicative, unusually in­ following matters: out its functions under this act; and each accessible to the press--certainly as se­ ( 1) (a) Applicable provisions of the Con­ such department, agency, and instrumental­ cretive, if not more secretive, than their stitution of the United States; ity is authorized and directed to furnish such predecessors whom the Republicans (b) Laws, regulations, and practices of the information to the Commission, upon re­ criticized so sharply in the campaign." United States relating to international trade, quest made by the Chairman or by the Vice I regret to say that this policy of including such matters as tariffs, customs, Chairman when acting as Chairman. customs administration, trade agreements, closed committee meeting still contin­ peril-point and escape procedures, opinions ues. I have protested against this pol­ and decisions thereon of the United States . PROGRAM FOR TOMORROW icy on several occasions and shall con­ Tariff Commission and the President, im­ tinue to do so until we can arrive at a port and export quotas, monetary licenses, Mr. KNOWLAND. Mr. President, a policy decision in Congress, where pub­ countervailing duties, and procurement pref­ parliamentary inquiry. lic business is done in the public view. erences; The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. BuT­ There ·being no objection, the article (c) Departments, agencies, boards, com­ LER of Maryland in the chair). The Sen­ was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, 'missions, bureaus, and other instrumentali­ ator from will state it. as follows: ties of the United States having jurisdiction · Mr. KNOWLAND. What is the pend­ over, or dealing with,. these matters; ing business of the Senate? · SECRETIVE GOP CABINET, CoNGRESS RUINING (d) Laws, regulations, and practices, and CAMPAIGN PROMISE NOT TO BE official instrumentalities of other nations The PRESIDING OFFICER. H. R. (By Roscoe Drummond) concerned with similar subject matters; 4663, making ·appropriations for the Executive Oflice and sundry independ­ One of the most :(requent criticisms leveled (e) Pertinent statistics on international at the Truman administration by Republi­ trade; ent executive bureaus, boards, commis­ can campaigners last fall was that it did (f) Balance of payments, nation by na­ sions, corporations, agencies, and oflices, not take the people into its confidence, that tion, excessive imbalances, causes, eff_ects, for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1954, it kept information bottled up, that im­ proposed remedies. and for other purposes. portant agencies of the Governmen·t oper- 1953 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-· SENATE 5113 ated behind a screen of totally unnecessary . press conference during the past 6 weeks. on public policy and Communist domination secrecy and censorship. They are the Attorney General, Secretary of of certain unions. This comparatively brief These criticisms undoubtedly were exag· Labor, Secretary 'Of the Interior, Secretary statement of 32 pages is the last of a series gerated. Campaign oratory is an occ.upa­ of the Treasury, and the Secretary of Health, of reports focusing attention on the difficult tional hazard of all politicians. But there Education and Welfare. These failures to problem of how to deal with Communist· was substantial truth in the complaint that . meet the press tend to block off from pub­ controlled unions whose members are over· too much of the Government was over­ lic scrutiny large areas of Government op­ whelmingly non-Communist but who are shielded from the press, that the President erations. Two other members of the Cabi­ victimized by astute Communists who use was often uncommunicative and evasive, and net--Secretary of Defense and the MSA Ad­ the trade-union paraphernalia, collective that the State Department was run almost ministrator-have held only two press qon· bargaining, and Government agencies as a. as though it were a private club and foreign ferences during this long period. It is true legitimate cover for their party-line activi­ policy too precious for the public to be al­ that the new officials have been busy getting ties. lowed to have the facts. acquainted with their jobs and it is quite Certainly there is no easy way to remove The Republicans promised that things possible that their record of disclosure will Communist leaders from their entrenched would be different if they were elected. improve. official positions in some unions. Several years ago the Congress of 'Industrial Organ­ ANY DIFFERENT? VIOLATE OWN PROMISE It needs to· improve if the Republican izations ousted a group of Red-controlled Are these things different today? That is unions for following the Communist Party a valid and pertinent question now that the practice in office is not to be allowed to vio­ late the Republicans' promise ·of what they line. Although by this action the CIO new administration has been in power in cleaned its own house, these unions still both the executive and legislative branches would do when the.y got into office. And when nearly 50 percent of congres­ exist as independent entities under the same for more than 3 months. And if different, leadership. They had been officially certified how different? sional hearings are secret, this foreshadows a trend which, if it is not reversed, can do by the National Labor Relations Board be­ A fair and faithful answer to these ques­ cause at one time or another their members tions cannot fail to concern the press and grave disservice to the functioning of demo­ cratic government and to the prestige of chose them as bargaining agents and because the voters, because at ·stake is not just the under the Taft-Hartley ·Act their leaders had freedom of the press• but also the right of Congress itself. President Eisenhower's own instinct and signed non-Communist affidavits. the people to know what is going on when Unfortunately, some of these unions have it is going on-not at some time in a future concept of government are strongly on the side of disclosure. He is faithfully prac­ contracts with employers in sensitive defense expediently selected by some Government plants or industries. And yet the agents of official. ticing his precepts. If the Cabinet as a whole and if the Congress do not follow suit these unions, while disbarred from setting The facts on this important point, as ob­ foot inside the plants, may meet members at jectively as I can get at them, are these: soon, the Republicans certainly will be· leav­ ing themselves open to the very charges the gates or confer with their own planted 1. President Eisenhower and Secretary of accomplices at other places. The implica­ State personally have which they so eagerly brought against their predecessors. tion is too plain to need elaboration. opened wide the windows of the White House While there is legal authority for the ahd State Department to let the informa­ Department of Defense to protect classified tion out and to encourage full discussion , IN UNIONS information, the Industrial Employment Re-­ to play upon what they are doing and think­ view Board, under criteria established by the ing. The President's press conferences •have Mr. HUMPHREY. Mr. President, it Secretaries of the Army, Navy, and Air Force, been consistently meaty and outgiving, and is with a sense of humility and increas­ finds that "the denial of access program, not once has Mr. Eisenhower backed away ing conviction that I believe my position efficacious as it may be from the point of from pointed questioning by hiding behind on foreign affairs is a correct one. The view o'f protecting classified information, the overused "no comment." Mr. Dulles has nature of the opposition to my views does not in itself substantially reduce the · b.een exceedingly informative. threat of possible sabotage which might be 2. The majority of the members of the adds further confirmation, in my carried out at the instigation of Communist­ Cabinet, each responsible for operations and opinion, as to their validity. dominated unions. • • • We do not believe decisions which affect the whole country, has I bring to the attention of the Senate that we have the legal authority to go in and been silent, uncommunicative, unusually in­ an editorial critical of my views appear. remove or summarily exclude potential accessible to the press--certainly as secre­ ing in the Daily Worker for April 14, saboteurs from national-defense facilities." · tive, if not more secretive, than their pred­ 1953. This is not.the first attack leveled It should not be concluded, however, that ecessors whom the Republican orators against me by the Communist Party. I the Government has done nothing to protect criticized so sharply in the campaign. welcome the hostility and the opposition itself. ·The report states that effective steps 3. The new Republican Congress is now have been taken against threats to national in the act of building a record of closed of the Communist Party. security, but also points out that additional sessions and secret testimony which makes Members of the Senate will recall that steps can and should be taken. Among these previous Democratic Congresses look like during the time that I was chairman of are (1) the Munitions Board as well as other goldfish bowls. The trend thus far on the Subcommittee on Labor and Labor­ agencies concerned with security problems Capitol Hill, consciously or unconsciously, Management Relations in the 82d Con­ should develop specialized competence in has been toward secrecy and away from open gress, the Communist Party bitterly at­ dealing with the security implications of decisions openly arrived at. Communist-dominated unions; (2) the Bu­ The evidence, then, is that despite the tacked our investigation of Communist trade unionism. The distinguished Sen· reau of the Budget should study how the vigorous lead given by President Eisenhower various Federal responsibilities in this field and Secretary Dulles and their own resplend­ ator from Oregon [Mr. MoRSE] brought _ can be sensibly coordinated and, through ent examples, the Republican record toward the attention of the Senate to those the Budget Bureau, the President should ·fulfilling its pledge of open government attacks in the course of a very fine speech consider the development of in-service train­ openly visible to the people is very uneven during the 82d Congress. That investi­ ing programs for these various agencies on and that, on balance, there are as many, if gation was a constructive effort to elimi­ the goals and purposes of Communists in · not more, closed doors in Washington than unions and how· to distinguish the bona fide there were previously. nate Communist influence from the American labor movement. For our militant unionist from the Communist Here are the particular facts which show agent; (3) the Department of Justice should what has been happening-or not happen­ efforts we received the thanks and appre­ establish a special unit to deal with cases ing-on this critical front of the Govern­ ciation of many democratically minded arising out of alleged violations of the non­ ment: Americans all over the country. Communist oath, witi} effectual liaison rela­ FACTS I ask unanimous consent that an edi­ tionships to the NLRB and legislative com· In Congress: From January 3 to March 31 torial which appeared in the New York mittees engaged in Communist inquiries. congressional committees and subcommit­ Times of February 11, 1953, commenting The Humphrey subcommittee deserves tees have held about 860 meetings and 417 favorably on our subcommittee work·and commendation for a creditabl~ job. Its work, of them have been completely secret, 22 still uncompleted, should be continued by partly secret. an editorial written by Father Benjamin the present Senate Labor Committee, headed. Many of these committees have good and Masse and appearing in the April 25, by H. ALEXANDER SMITH. sound reasons for secret sessions, such as 1953, issue of the America be printed in the appropriations subcommittee sessions the body of the record. (From America of April 25, 1953) and hearings involving military security. There being no objection, the editori· But many are not validly secret--such as als were ordered to be printed in the PUBLIC POLICY TOWARD COMMUNIST UNIONS the hearings on several presidential nomi.;. RECORD, as follows: (By Benjamin L. Masse) nations-and when the total of secret ses­ Just about every school of thought-lib· sions mounts to nearly 50 percent of all [.From the New York Times of February 11, 1953) eral, conservative, and all the ideological congressional committee work, secrecy is .be­ shades in between-is dissatisfied with the coming habitual, is becoming dangerous, is COMMUNISM IN UNIONS anti-Communist section of the Taft-Hartley becoming a vice. Senator HUBERT H. HUMPHREY', chairman Act. Though the dissatisfaction stems from In the executive: Five members, or a ma­ of the 82.d Congress Subcommittee on Labor­ a variety of reasons, on one score all hands jority of the Cabinet hav~ z:o~ had a single Management Relations, has released a report are agreed: Section 9 (h), which requires 5114: CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE May 19 non-Communist affidavits as a condition for several AFL leaders who favored this pro­ nist union members to oust Communist enjoying the services of the National Labor posal. leaders. They were inclined to agree with an Relations Board, has lost whatever !orce it n industrialist who testified that the unions may once have had. . Some Go'Vernment agency other than hq.ve not really demonstrated their capacity The basis of this general persuasion need NLRB should be empowered to declar-e a tO rid their organizations of Communist only be indicated. ' After nearly 6 years of union Communist-dominated. Upon such leadership. The trade-union witnesses who operation under a law which was supposed a declaration, which would also be subject favored invoking the aid of NLRB or the De­ to make their position untenable, the Com­ to due constitutional process, the Commu­ fense Department to break the Communist munists remain a lively and potent factor nist-dominated union would be liable to the grip on certain unions apparently agreed in the labOr movement. Though not so penttlties mentioned above. with that estimate. strong as they used to be, they continue to Some of the witnesses limited this plan to IV represent about a half million workers in defense industries. others wanted it ex­ Communist-controlled unions can be ade­ such key defense industries as electrical tended to an· industries. The Government quately handled by strengthening section 9 manufacturing, longshoring, and copper agency most frequently nominated for the (h) of the Taft-Hartley Act. mining and smelting. They have pockets of job was the Munitions Board within the De­ As it now stands, section 9 (h) can be strength in other' essential industries, too. partment of Defense. This Board is al'ready easily circumvented because the non-Com­ How oust the comrades from these places charged with the responsibility of formu­ munist affidavit r~quirement is couched in of power and potential sabotage? Should lating and policing security regulations in the present tense. To convict a union lead­ section 9 (h) be firmed up; and, if so, how? defense work. er of making a false affidavit, the Justice Or should it be quietly junked as a well­ One important precedent was cited for this Department must prove that the affiant was meaning but unrealistic approach to the proposal. In 1948 the Atomic Energy Com­ a member of the Communist Party on the problem? If it is to be junked, what, if any­ mission ordered General Electric not to rec­ very day he executed the affidavit. Accord­ thing, ought Congress put in its place? ognize the United Electric Workers (Inde­ ing to the Justice Depa:rtment, that is vir­ Last year a special su_bcommittee of the pendent) as collective-bargaining agent at· tually impossible, and the record bears the Senate Committee on Labor and Public Wel­ the Government-owned atomic installation Department out. Out of a total of 68 cases fare set out to find the answers. For the in Schenectady, N. Y. which NLRB has referred to it since 1947, the business at hand, it was just about as knowl­ Although a few union witnesses supported Department has presented no more than 14 edgeable a group as could be found in the this approach, labor spokesmen were gener­ cases to a grand jury, and obtained a convic­ 82d Congress. Senator TAFT, coauthor of ally opposed to any procedure-whether it tion in only one instance. Taft-Hartley, was a member. ·so were the involved the Defense Department, NLRB or To close this verbal loophole, the former three most highly regarded labor experts in any other Federal agency-that would per­ Attorney General, Howard McGrath, sug­ the Senate: Senators IvEs, of New York, mit the Government to determine what un­ gested that labor leaders be required to swear MoRSE, of Oregan, and DOUGLAS of lllinois. ions can represent workers in this country. that they are not now, and for the preceding The chairman was Senator HuMPHREY, who As the late Allan Haywood, then executive 12-month period have not been, members ·or brought to the probe an intelligent interest vice president of the CIO, told the subcom­ the Communist Party. in the problem and a gift for energetic di­ mittee: Other witnesses doubted whether thiS rection. "This amounts, whether or not it is so change in wording would be really effective. The subcommittee did a thorough job of labeled, to Government licensing of trade They pointed out that if the law were picking the brains of a large and highly in­ unions. It means that the Government de­ amei].ded in this way Communists would go formed group of people. It levied on labor termines which unions are legitimate and through the farce of resigning from the and management, on the professions, and the may continue to function, and which shall party, wait a year, and then resume their universities. The testimony turned out to be be proscribed. Government licensing o! union activities with impunity. The critics so revealing and authoritative that the sub­ unions would, in our opinion, be justified, if suggested, too, that the proposed change committee's publications-four volumes of ever, only in a desperate situation and as a would not catch the Communists who, over hearings, plus a 32-page summary report to last resort • • • and would inevitably in­ the past 3 years, have resorted to the quickie Congress-are now the richest available volve thought control, since it would turn resignation dodge and are now functioning source of information on Communists in not on acts but on beliefs and loyaLties." as labor officials. United States labor and what the Govern­ A spokesman for the Defense Department SUBCOMMITTEE RECOMMENDATIONS expressed doubt that this ·agency had au­ ment ought to do about them. Confronted with these conflicting pro­ Before giving the subcommittee's policy thority under existing law to disestablish a union, as the Atomic Energy Commission posals, all supported by expert testimony, recommendations, which this Congress may the subcommittee finally decided that, bar­ decide to follow, I propose to hit the high­ did in the General Electric case. And Mr. Herzog of NLRB said that there was serious ring a worsening of the international situa­ lights of the various suggestions offered by tion, the country should continue to rely on the witnesBes. They fall under four heads. question whether his agency could legally commit itself in advance to recognize any section 9 (h). Persuaded by Mr. Herzog's I such order by the Defense Department, or analysis, its members agreed that NLRB was The National Labor Relations Board should by any other Government agency. It seemed not geared to investigate the truth or falsity be given authority to find that a union is clear from the testimony that if the Defense of the 232,000 affidavits now on file, and could Communist-dominated: This finding would Department was to police unions in defense not be so geared without a serious loss of be subject to due constitutional process, work, Congress would have to give it new efficiency. The subcommittee thought, how­ that is, the unions so characterized would authority. ever, that NLRB could help put teeth into enjoy the right to appeal to the courts. If Pending before Congress is a bill sponsored section 9 (h) by stronger efforts "to protect. they did not appeal, or if their appeal was by Arizona's freshman Republicans, Senator its own processes from abuse." This it could denied, the unions would be refused access BARRY M. GOLDWATER and Representative do by denying its services to unions under to the services of the Board. Furthermore, JoHN J. RHoDES, which would give to the three sets of circumstances: if the unions had the status of recognized Subversive Activities Control Board the job 1. Where individuals refuse to testify un­ bargaining agents, the Board would order of fingering Communist unions. This bill der oath before a grand jury or legislative them disestablished and compel employers has a chance of becoming law. committee that they have signed a non­ to cease dea ling with them. · Communist affidavit, or where they refuse to ru swear that they were not Communists at the Although the Canadian Labor Board has Communist-dominated unions should be time of signing. successfully used this approach to eliminate eliminated by a Government guaranty of 2. Where individuals refuse in similar cir-· Communist-controlled unions above the democratic processes in trade unions. cumstances to testify whether or not they border, our own Board is loath to accept the The assumption underlying this proposal are members of the Communist Party. responsibility. NLRB · Chairman Paul Her­ is that Communists gain and maintain their 3. Where individuals are convicted of exe­ zog testified that the Board was expert in hold over unions, as H. W. Story, vice presi­ cuting a false non-Communist affidavit. collective bargaining,, not in detecting sub­ dent of Allis-Chalmers, testified, through To encourage unions to rid themselves of versive acJiviti~s. and that to become expert stifling of democratic processes in the elec­ officials involved in such cases, NLRB would would require special investigative tech­ tion of officers and in other administrative give them 30 days to purge themselves before niques inconsistent with the open-court pro­ union activities. This position received declaring them not in compliance with sec­ cedures of a quasi-judicial agency. He added some sypport from the liberal and labor side tion 9 (h). that the burden of investigating charges of when J. B. S. Hardman, editor of Labor and The subcommittee was aware of the objec­ Communist domination would delay and Nation, agreed that protection of union civil tion that its recommendations conflicted otherwise interfere with the purposes for rights was at least a partial answer to Com­ with the constitutional protection against munist control of unions. He told the sub­ self-incrimination. This is the subcommit­ which the Board was established. committee that trade unions cannot, by their tee's &nswer: Such informed witnesses ·as David Saposs, very nature, duly protect the civil and demo­ "It seems to us that the constitutional former chief economist of NLRB, Meryln cratic rights and duties of union members. protection against self-incrimination ought Pitzele, chairman of the New York State Other witnesses were of the opinion that not to become an immunity for Communist Board of Mediation, and Senator MoRSE did Mr. Story was overly optimistic about the union officers from the consequences of bad not share Mr. Herzog's doubts. Neither did wlllingness and ability of all anti-Commu- :faith in .filing non-Communist affidavits. 1953 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE 5115 And in any case. the loss suffered by such a democratic society. Their influence shortly after the· aggression took place officers is a disqualification from serving as ought to be completely eliminated from in Korea. officers of a union which wishes to utilize every phase of American life. I pledge the procedures of the law. That the unavail· There being no objection, the resolu­ ability of the Board's processes is something to continue my efforts in behalf of build­ tion was ordered to be printed in the less than catastrophic is attested to by the ing and maintaining a free and prosper­ RECORD, as follows: fact that 2 large and powerful unions (and ous economy, in which those of totali­ THE SECOND UNITED NATIONS SECURITY COUN• anti-Communist unions, by the way) have tarian faith will find no following. CIL RESOLUTION-JUNE 27, 1950 been able to exist for 5 years without access I shall do my utmost to eradicate all (Resolution concerni~g the complaint of to NLRB procedures." traces of Communist influence wherever aggression upon the Republic of Korea, The subcommittee also had some recom· it may be found, at home or abroad. adopted at the 474th meeting of the Secu· mendations for other Government agencies. It suggested that the Justice Department There being no objection, the edi· rity Council, on June 27, 1950:) set up a special unit to handle section 9 (h) torial was ordered to be printed in the The Security Council- cases, and that this unit maintain close RECORD, as ·follows: Having determined that the armed .at· relations with NLRB and the various c~m­ HUMPHREY CONCURS tack upon the Republic of Korea by forces from North Korea constitutes a breach of gressional committees concerned with Com· Senator HUBERT HUMPHREY, Democrat, Of munist infiltration. It thought also that the peace; , if we may speak figuratively, Having called for an immediate cessation the Munitions Board, the Atomic Energy wears a big button reading: "I am a friend Commission, the FBI, and other security of hostilities; and of labor." By feverishly pointing to that · Having called upon the authorities of agencies should develop special competence button he got himself elected once as presi­ In the security implications of Communist­ North Korea to withdraw forthwith their dent of the Americans for Demo~atic Ac­ armed forces to the 38th parallel; and controlled unions, and that the Budget Bu­ tion. Now he has got into the act with the reau should coordinate all Government ac­ Having noted from the report of the Hearst press, John Foster Dulles, Syngman United Nations Commission for Korea that tivities in this field. Rhee, Chiang Kai-shek, and a motley crowd Finally the subcommittee recommended the authorities in North Korea having ~ei· known for their hatred of labor and democ­ ther ceased hostilities nor withdrawn their that Congress exempt from the affidavit pro­ racy. to issue a warning against peaceful vision of Taft-Hartley the officials of all armed forces to the 38th parallel and that settlement of our differences with the Soviet urgent military measures are required to re· unions which ban Communists from hold­ Union, China, and Korea: ing office and enforce the ban. Such a pro­ store international peace and security; and HuMPHREY issued on Sunday what is de­ Having noted the appeal from the Republic vision would encourage unions to dump scribed as a "concurring statement" saying Communist officials and would lighten the of Korea to the United Nations for immedi· that the United States should beware of ate and effective steps to secure peace and load on NLRB and the Justice Department. Soviet peace gestures. The gentleman with Perhaps this program, which represents a security, whom he was concurring was none other Recommends that the members of the compromise, is the best that can be had at than Senator ALEXANDER WILEY, Republican, the present time. It seems to me, however, United Nations furnish such assistance to of , who has an unbroken record the Republic of Korea as may be necessary that the forthright way to handle the. prob­ of voting for every antilabor blll that ever lem, as Senator MoRsE has .said, is to declare to repeal the armed attack and to restore came down the pike. international peace and security in the area. that Communist-dominated unions are not To see the full import of HuMPHREY's trade unions within the meaning of the statement, it sh_ould be read against this (Voting for the resolution: United States, Taft-Hartley Act. If that were done, NLRB background: United Kingdom, France, China, Norway, Ecuador, and Cuba. Voting against: Yugo· would be the logical agency to do the . 1. Newspaper correspondents, public fig­ slavia. Abstention: Egypt, India (2 days declaring. · ures, and others predict that if a truce aJ:?-d Mr. Herzog, I think, exaggerates the diffi­ cease-fire are reached in Korea, the way w1ll later India accepted the resolution). Ab· culty of determining whether or not a union be open for relaxing many of the tensions sent: Soviet Union.) is Communist-dominated. To make such a between the United States and the U.S.S.R. Mr. KNOWLAND. Mr. President, I determination is certainly much easier than 2. Many such figures believe-and some to prove that an individual union leader is deplore-that one of the results of such a also ask unanimous consent to have a member of the Communist Party. Actu­ lessening of tensions will be that Congress printed in the RECORD at this point, as ally, a difficulty would arise only in _the case will reduce the present enormous expend!· a part of my remarks, the text of a reso­ of scattered local unions affiliated w1th non­ tures for armaments. lution adopted by the General Assembly Communist internationals. So far as Com­ 3. Chairman STYLES BRIDGES, Republican, of the United Nations on October 7, 1950, munist-controlled international unions are New Hampshire, of the Senate Appropriations in which that body of the United Nations concerned, they are so well known that the Committee declared Sund!l-Y that the na· Board could easily identify them. called for the unification of Korea. tional budget can be slashed by $8 billion There being no ol;ljection, the resolu­ It was clear from the hearings that official and that a tax cut by .;ranuary 1 is probable. labor opinion does not like this approach, 4. The CIO called on Congress Sunday to tion was ordered to be printed in the but then official labor opinion does not like increase the Federal income tax exemption RECORD, as follows: · any governmental approach to the Com­ for each individual from $600 to $800, thus [Document 9 (U.N. Document A/1435) 1 munist issue. Against the background of providing a tax cut for the neediest section AFL and CIO opposition to communism here RESOLUTION ADOPTED BY THE GENERAL of the population. ASSEMBLY, OCTOBER 7, 1950 and abroad, one can agree that ideally the WILEY's statement is obviously aimed at best answer to Communist-controlled unions The General Assembly; pre:venting any reduction in the armament Having regard to its resolutions of Novem· is counteraction on the part of workers and program and therefore any cut in taxes. unions themselves. As the subcommittee ber 14, 1947, of December 12, 1948 and of HUMPHREY, by concurring With WILEY, thUS October 21, 1949; found, however, the unions are not able to lends aid and support to those who exploit de the job alone. Since this is so, they ·Having received and considered the report and bleed labor and takes a stand in opposi­ of the United Nations Commission on Korea; should not resent Government aid in a tion to labor's demand for a tax cut. matter which seriously concerns not trade Mindful of the fact that the objectives set This is a strange position for a Senator forth in the resolntions referred to above unions alone but national defense, the who likes to advertise himself as a "friend whole general welfare of this country and, have not been fully accomplished and, in indeed, the defense of the free world itself. of labor." particular, that the unification of Korea has not yet been achieved, and that an attempt OPPOSITION TO ADMISSION OF has been :J;llade by an armed attack from North Korea to extinguish by force the Gov­ AN EDITORIAL IN TilE DAILY COMMUNIST CIDNA INTO THE ernment of the Republic of Korea; . WORKER UNITED NATIONS Recalling the ·General Assembly declara· tion of December 12, 1948, that there has Mr. HUMPHREY. Mr. , President, I Mr. KNOWLAND. Mr. President, in been established a lawful government (the ask unanimous consent to have printed the past few weeks there has been ap­ Government of the Republic of Korea) hav· in the body of the RECORD, as a . part of parently a growing pressure on the ing effective control and jurisdiction over my remarks, an editorial published in United Nations, at New York and else. that part of Korea where the United Nations the Daily Worker of April 14, 1953. where, to admit Communist China as a Temporary Commission on Korea was able to It is an indication to me that the Com­ member of the United Nations, either obsene and consult and in which the great munist Party will again campaign before or after a cease fire in Korea. majority of the people of Korea reside, t~at this Government is based on elections wh1ch against me in my State and throughout I ask unanimous consent to have . were a valid expression of the free will of the Nation. The Communists opposed printed in the RECORD at this ppint, as the electorate of that part of Korea and my election to the Senate in 1948, and a part of my remarks, the resolution of which were observed by the Temporary Com­ I expect and welcome their opposition June 27 1950, which was passed by the mission; and that tp.is is the only such again. They play a destructive role in Security Council of the United Nations Government in Korea; 5116 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE May 19 Having in mind that United Nations 8 weeks of the adoption of the present resolu- with him at any suitable opportunity to use armed forces are at present operating in tion by the General Assembly; - their good offices to this end. Korea in accordance with the recommenda­ 4. Also recommends the Economic and So­ tions of the Secui'ity Council of June 27, cial Council to expedite the study of long­ . Mr. KNOWLAND. Mr. President, I 1950, subsequent to its resolution of June term measures to promote the economic de­ also ask unanimous consent to have 25, 1950, that member_s of the United Na­ velopment and social progress' of Korea, and printed at this point in the RECORD as tions furnish such assistance to the Repub­ meanwhile to draw the attention of the au­ part of my remarks a resolution adopted lic of Korea as may be necessary to repel thorities which decide requ~sts for technical by the House of Representatives of the the armed attack and to restore interna­ assistance to the urgent and special necessity United States Congress on January 19, tional peace and security in the area; of affording such assistance to Korea; ~951, reading as follows: Recalling that the essential objective of ·5. Expresses its appreciation of the serv­ the resolutions of the General Assembly re­ ices rendered by the members of the United Resolved, That it is the sense of the House ferred to above was the establishment of a Nations Commission on Korea in the per­ of Representatives that the United Nations unified, independent and democratic gov­ formance of their important and difficult should immediately act and declare the Chi­ ernment of Korea; task; · nese Communist authorities aggressor in 1. Recommends that-- 6. Requests the Secretary-General to pro­ Korea. (a) All appropriate steps be taken to in­ vide the Commission with adequate staff Mr. President, I ask unanimous con­ sure conditions of stability throughout and facilities, including technical advisers Korea; as required; and authorizes the Secretary­ sent to have printed at this point in my (b) All constituent acts be taken, includ­ General to pay the expenses and per diem remarks two Senate resolutions adopted ing the holding of elections, under the aus­ of a representative and alternate from each on January 23, 1951. The first one reads pices of the United Nations for the estab­ of the states members of the Commission. as follows: lishment of a unified independent and dem­ Mr. KNOWLAND. Mr. President, I Resolved, That it is the sense of the Senate ocratic government in the sovereign state of that the United Nations should immediately Korea; also wish to have printed at this point in declare Communist China an aggressor in (c) All sections and representative ~odies my remarks the resolution of the Gen­ Korea. of the population of Korea, South and North, eral Assembly of February 1, 1951, in be invited to cooperate with the organs of which the General Assembly designated The second resolution reads as follows: the United Nations in the restoration of­ Communist China as an aggressor in Resolved, That it is the sense of the Senate peace, in the holding of elections and in the Korea. that the Communist Chinese Government establishment of a unified government; There being no objection, the resolu­ should not be admitted to membership in (d) United Nations forces should not re­ the United Nations as the representative main in any part of Korea otherwise than tion was ordered to be printed in the of China. so far as necessary for achieving the objec­ RECORD, as follows: tives specified in subparagraphs (a) and (b) RESOLUTION NAMING THE PEIPING REGIME AS My recollection is that those resolu­ above; AN AGGRESSOR IN KOREA, ADOPTED BY THE tions were unanimously adopted. I be­ (e) All necessary measures be taken to GENERAL ASSEMBLY, FEBRUARY 1, 1951 lieve one of them was adopted by a yea­ accomplish the economic rehabilitation of The General Assembly- and-nay vote of the Senate at that time. Korea. Noting that the Security Council, because Mr. President, in the not too distant 2. Resolves that- of lack of unanimity of the permanent mem­ (a) A Commission consisting of Australia, future we may be faced with an e:ffort by bers, has failed to exercise its primary re­ the Chinese Communists to "shoot their Chile, Netherlands, Pakistan, Philippines, sponsibility for the maintenance of inter­ Thailand, and Turkey, to be known as the national peace and security in regard to way" into the United Nations organiza­ United· Nations Commission for the Unifi­ Chinese Communist intervention in Korea. tion. It seems to me that should our cation and Rehabilitation of Korea, be es­ Noting that the Central People's Govern­ associates in the United Nations consent tablished to (i) assume the functions hith­ ment of the People's Republic of China has to any such membership by the Commu­ erto exercised by the present United Nations not accepted United Nations proposals to nist regime of China, it would be a be­ Commission in R;orea; (ii) represent the bring about a cessation of hostilities in Korea trayal of the moral foundation upon United Nations in bringing about the estab­ with a view to peaceful settlement, and that lishment of a unified, independent, and dem­ which the United Nations rests and · its armed forces continue their invasion of would be a betrayal of the 135,000 Amer­ ocratic government' of all Korea; (lil) exer­ Korea and their large-scale attacks upon cise such responsibilities in connection with ican casualties, including more than relief and rehabilitation in Korea as may be United Nations forces there, 1. Finds that the Central People's Gov­ 20,000 killed, that have occurred in Korea determined by the General Assembly after ernment of the People's Republic of China, up to this time. receiving the recommendations of the Eco­ by giving direct aid and assistance to those I have prepared two resolutions which nomic and Social Council. The United who were already committing aggression Nations Commission for the Unification and I desire to ask unanimous consent to sub­ Rehabilitation of Korea should proceed in Korea and by engaging in hostilities to against the United Nations forces there, has mit at this time, and I ask that both Korea and begin to carry out its functions itself engaged in aggression in Korea; resolutions be printed at this point in the as soon as possible. REcoRD, as a part of my remarks. How­ (b) Pending the arrival in Korea of the 2. Calls upon the Central People's Gov­ United Nations Commission for the Unifica­ ernment of the People's Republic of China ever, I shall read only one of the resolu­ tion and Rehabilitation of Korea, the gov­ to cause its forces and nationals in Korea to tions at this time. It is in the nature of ernments of ·the states represented on the cease hostilities against the United Nations a Senate resolution, whereas the other Commission should form an interim com­ forces and to withdraw from Korea; 3. Affirms the determination of the United one is in the nature of a concurrent reso­ mittee composed of representatives meeting lution, which would require action by at the seat of the United Nations to con­ Nations to continue its action in Korea to sult with and advise the United Nations meet the aggression; both Houses of Congress. United Command in the light of the above 4. Calls upon all states and authorities to The Senate resolution