International Research Journal of Management Science & Technology ISSN 2250 – 1959(0nline) 2348 – 9367 (Print) An Internationally Indexed Peer Reviewed & Refereed Journal

Shri Param Hans Education & Research Foundation Trust

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IRJMST Vol 8 Issue 6 [Year 2017] ISSN 2250 – 1959 (0nline) 2348 – 9367 (Print)

A brief History of ECL (, Asansal, Jhanjrabelt) and its impact on local economy, education and society.(From 1774 – Present Day)

Binay Laha Independent Scholar Contact : 8407035982 e-mail ; [email protected]

A History of Raniganj Coal Field (ECL) and its economy impact on economy and educational society. From – 1774-2018

Finding something is greater, specially in the cases of Natural Resources like coal, steel, iron, baxite etc. Coal is one of the important resource in . Mainly it is prevalent in Raniganj, in the District of Paschim Bardhaman, West bengal, . John Summer and Suctouius Grand Healty found coal in this area, specially in Hardly 25km away from , the one of the industrially experiened town of West Bengal Interestingly suctonius Grant Healty was a judge of the British Cast India Company his mother was marry Nee Grand. He is one of the sister was the mother of a historian whose name was a cartographer. Interestingly heatly was closer to lord cormwalis who introduced premanent settlement in India During British Period. Though Kautilya had mentiond mining in India around 400 B.C.K but he hard not mentioned coal but related to previous stores and metals. On the other hand J. Homfray was a manager of a Narayan Kuri Colliery and wrote a detailing of coal field of Raniganj. Healty and sumner planned to set up nearabout six mines in that area. They have requested warren Hasting, the then governor general. That an exclusive right be granted to us for eighteen years of working coal mines and selling coal in Bengal and its dependencies, so long as we can engage to Furnish as much pit coal as ever the Government may bespeak of us for their consumption at the market price of the time, when wanted. A proposal of 20% royalty will be given to the company. Was taken Company had been manipulated by giving a ground that the Europeans would be offered job in the coal mine. Both Healthy ad sumner got Red Ferne as a business partner. So primarily it was a private partnership job. While the Final testing for the coal was done in calcutta the research proves the coal of Raniganj areaproduce 50% less heat than the coal in England. Heatly died in the year 1793 at the time when cornwalis was in peak to introduce Chiefly santals and Bauris were recomended for mining workers. Present Status :- This Raniganj coal Field area covers Raniganj Pandaveswar, , , Bankola, , Sonepur, Kunustomia, Satgram, Sripur, Sodepur, Salanpur.

It Produces – 33.90 million tones. Annual Turnover – 12, 076.17 crore (Us . 8 billion) Profit before Tax – Rs. 1,897,18 Crore (US 290 million)

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Manpower – 72,973 Number of Operating mines – 98 Number of Underground mines – 77 Number of opencast mines – 21

All non-coking mines were nationalized. 1975 Eastern Coal field limited came a private sector once it become Nationalized production improved a lot besides Raniganj Coal Field area has a typical non-coking coal which is having less than 20% as hes. 19 million pnines waws from Underground mines or the other hard the rest was from manual mining. Total mining was 21 million tones during nationalization of ECL Performance Level of ECL is given below when in 2013-13 Coal Pruducton : 33.93 M.Te Coal off take : 35.50 M.Tc Ob Removal : 76.53 M.Cum Anual Turnover : Rs. 12076 Cr. (Highest fireke inception) Profit : Rs. 1,656.54 Cr. PBT : 1897.18 Cr.

Welfare activities by ECL / Raniganj Area. 23 different schemes have been taken in various coal Field areas which cover a total population of 5,33,587. Same way in 2012-13 ECL completed 4136 quarter while target was 4500 etc. In 2013 A 10 bedded hospital has been constructed. This was inaugnated by Sri Rakesh Singh CMD ECL on 22 March 2013. DAV School (CBSE) has been set up at Pandeveswar which is nereabout 15 km away from Jhangra Colliery. Bansra Ragional Hospital ad Mugma Regional Hospital are getting regular doctors from kunostoria ad CH Kalla, The electric supply in the Raniganj Collering belt s much better than other parts of Pashchim Bardhman district. Apart from this Bidhan Chandra Pratibadhi Karma Kendra was set up at which is not too far way to connect the busiest NH 2 at Andal to Provide Artificial limb, pros the sis Arm Coutchesk, tri- cycles, wheel chirs and hearing aids, prostihesis spetacles etc. ECL did take a lot more initiative to set up deep tube wells, digging of ponds, making community halls or sometimes they contribute a good number of money to different religious organisation to bring a peceful environment and to reach to people. Same times colloery like Jhangra gives a great amount of money to different villages to set up skhara for Joydev Mala at Kendra billead village which is the birth place of great poet Joydeva who wrote Gitagovinda. Apart from these welfare activities somtimes coal mines at Raniganj areas do fall a problem of forest clearance, Rehabilitation ad resetlement policy, packing of sand in might time. As a result of unsafe mearure some villages sometimes remain at stake. Landside IS BN – 978-93-5207 Like situation cocate. In between 2000-2001 a major damage phappend in between More (Near One two collicmy, popularly known as MIC) to sirsa village. Near about 5 feet bed soil went down which is still today visible. The government report kmay hot have some risk factor that is arround coal mines. In near about all lcollicrics of ECI do have an illegal business of selling coal to coal Mafias with the support of coal officers local thanas or sometimes by the support of the local political leaders. They sometimes become a twing of thrent for the common people. Looteras around the areas are desperrate to keep weapons with them. Sometimes the news kof death of those Mafias become the

International Research Journal of Management Science & Technology http://www.irjmst.com Page 356 IRJMST Vol 8 Issue 6 [Year 2017] ISSN 2250 – 1959 (0nline) 2348 – 9367 (Print) blade of fear for the villagers. The normaley brcaks down people in the early evening can not come back from their business or job to their home safely. Raniganj coal mines has got positive growth of 14.6 tune over 2016 powered support longwall started in Jhangra colliery in October 2016. Coal and Education :- Coal and Iron become an integral joint venture for education up gradation in Durgapur Asansol development zone. The entire region is industrially sound. Wear about 100 km from the indian Oil Tank to Durgapur Project Limited, Allow Steel Plant them Durgapur Steel Plant to NTPC Andal to Raniganj Colliery belt to J.K. Nagar colliery to Asansol to Steel city to the bank of River Borakar may be considered as one of the best Industrial Zone of West Bengal as well as of India. This special economic Zone has directly effected the education system. A Lot number of English medium Schools, Colleges, engineering colleges, University, Research Centre, have been built up to Fulfill the essential requirement of life. 70 years back the seenario was not like today. After Independence every places in this colliery belt is well connected through road, transport, railway system An outcome of thes economic zone is Andal Airport which is not 30 km far away from lither Durgapur as Raniganj or Asansol. Students arround West bengal and from other states of India do come to get education in this education belt. In Raniganj the most important degree college Trivendevi Bhalotia college (1957) affiliated to calcutta university then to (Burdwan University) 1960 then 24th June 2015 under Kazi Nazrul University, Banwarilal Bhalotia College since 1944 spreds education to this area. In starts its classes with only 132 students. Eastern Railway has contibuted towards establishment of this college. Durgapur which is adjacent to the Raniganj Coal Field area is the second planned city of India after chandigarh. Durgapur was planned by Joseph Allars stein ad Bengamini pold in 1955. It is a hub of Industry and Education all the major industries of Durgapur are depended directly or indirectly on ECL from where coal are sent without interruption. Coal was area of the reaserch to setup heavey Industry like steel in Durgapur the stone throuing distance inbetween coal and steel plant as in favour to run lit smoothly. This economic zone has became a zone for cosmopolitanism the essence of being Indian is found every where in this between people from different orgin, caste, language live together. The living standard of the collieny quartered belt have invited parrallel economy so far as the pay structure in this Navratna company of India Government is concerned.

Ecology and Minning :- Coal minning affects air, soild, water on the other hand the atmospheric pollution of Raniganj Belt releases a ton of solid products annully like Fog ash (most dangerous for eyes), botton ash, morccry, arsenic and other heavy metals tool. The workers of the coal mines are directly effected because of going down deep to the colliery,. Some death news have been found to be reputed leakage of some unknown gaseous element do affect the minor. The dark almosphere inside the cavity affects eyesight, it creates lungs problems also outside the colliecy a dark backish air prevail always. It effects directly lnto the cultivable field. The fertilityof soil decrease. In Raniganj collicg belt a great number cultivable land had became barren. In Banbole belt or in shymla collicng belt some parts of Pandoveswar, some parts of chanda colliery, symsundar pur colliery productivity of is crops in lesser than the other parts of Paschim Bardhman district. If Ousgram, Nadanghat or Katwa produces 22 bags of paddy per bigha it becomes only 15-16 bags in Raniganj belt. Not only if effects soil, it effectes air, water, too.

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The belt that I am working with gets maximum hert during summer. It reaches greatest from the month April – July during 2016 the averege temperate of this zone was greater than other part of West Bengal. The malpractices of a lot number Officers can not be excluded. Once coal is mined from colliery it is supposed to be filled up stand but in number of cases it has been observed that sand is not packed filled for laks of rupes are sarred and it goes to officers pocket (A confidential section of workers express this say) this fact is even known to villages after villages in Raniganj Area, Coal mining influence in imparing groundwater in numerous ways. The pond water surrending cod mining areas are full of coal dust. A big pond (Khadan, in local tgerm) is located near Joal Bhanga a 5km away from pandeveswar, do serve the purpose of irrigation of the area but that water of this khadan is not reliable for cultivation. Apart from this suffecation in underground mining, gas poisonning, roof collapse, gas explosiens are very much common in Raniganj loal mines zone ‘Lung cancer is very common for colliery workers. 7th April 2017 Paschim Bardhman District ewas formed Bardhaman big it means a prosporous ad growing area or sometimes it linked with Jain Tirthankar mavira Vardhamana who come to preach Janinism in this area. There are 16 Police Station, 8 Development Block, 2 Municipal Corporations, 62 Gram Panchayats in this district there are 66 urban units 2 Municipal corporation 4 municipalities and 65 census towns. Eastern india Railway Laid lines up to Raniganj in 1855 the total coal transport business is under it. The entire region has got busiest GT Road (NH 2) for better communication NH 14 connects Asansol town with odisha. The Wonderful bus connectivity is there from Asansol to Kolkata. The South Bengal State Transport corporation operates regular bus services with a half an hours interuptions only. As coal is a generater Factory to influence economy of this region everything has developed because of It. The big shopping Mall at Asansol and a number of shopping Mall like Big Bazar Suhatta, Junction mall are opned up keeping in mind the big rush of the economically sounded people. A big percentage of people from the colliery belt are coming on a regular basis to settle at Durgapur town or at Asansol for good health and education of their children A good number of houses specially quarters of steel Authotiry of india Limited Durgapur popularly known as DSP are sold to colliery workers on lease in profitable rate. As the Area directly adjucent to the colliery in Jhangra, Nakrakonda, Pandaveswar, Bonkola, Raniganj, Belpahari is dusty and polluted the workers at colliery do Feel safe to keep their children at Durgapur or Asansol Town. Though in some places good collierys are set up dimetly adjected to the collieny. Jhanjra colliery is one of them. A russian hostel has been set up for arranging different administrative activities. Colliery influences the Raniganj Area in different form even it enriches people of some villages on religious basis. In one o my note. I have pointged that colliery helps local villages and different NGO’s to conduct different Welfare activities such givng ambulance Facilities, making community hall, granting money and coal for Akhra Ashram at Joydev Mela or pujas in different villages. The Jhangra collieny donates money and coal to its adjacet villages like laudoha, Sirsa, Balijhuri, Rangamati, Madharganj, Gourbazar (Specially by Madhipur collicny or by Nutandanga colliery), Jamgora Pratapur, , Jhanjra (Village), , Nakrakonda etc. A village named Srikrishnapur whch is Hardly 6 km away from Laudoha Celebrates Dharmaraj Puja every year. It is historical village for this Dharmaraj Temple which is 500 years old. People do have a Faith of making ktheir dreams come true once they worship to lord Dharmaraja, Every year thousands of people do come to have ktheir presence in this holy occasion. From colliery belt people come to

International Research Journal of Management Science & Technology http://www.irjmst.com Page 358 IRJMST Vol 8 Issue 6 [Year 2017] ISSN 2250 – 1959 (0nline) 2348 – 9367 (Print) workship the god to get a blessed life. Sometimes, ECL does help directly for conducting puja which organises a series of yatras (Drama) and other cultural programmes. Or it helps many a times for the Bratachari troop of this Village. This village Srikrishnapur has earned Natonal reputation for their Bratachari Raibeshe troop exhibition. Same way Balijhuri village does celebrate a magnificient Kali Puja which attracts thousand of people around the state and outside colliery helps by giving Monitary support. Therefore, wherever a collicy in Raniganj belt is setup it has changed the Socio-Economic condition of those region which is having a far reaching benefit to build up a strong district. Today Asansol became the second largest town of West Bengal, same way Durgapur has also become one of the most valuable economic Zone of West Bengal not just because of Coal but coal is one of the reason apart from Steel Production. Equivocally Steel industry of Durgapur is dependable upon coal of ECL which is serving the state West bengal as well as India Since 1774 to till today. Conclusion :- ECL (Eastern Coal Fields Limited) had 68,681 employees as of 31 march 2015 with it annual revenue of 97.40 (billion for the year 2012-2013) Apart from this employees a number of collieries under ECL have entroduced modern equipment, continuous miner mass production technology, long wall minning, man riding system including free steered vehicle etc. As stated earlier the ECL does a lot more social activities, spread education, protect health consciousness etc. The entire area has been developed since 1774 and onwards in comperison to other parts of West Bengal But before cindependence the maximum reveneus upon coal have been looted by the Alexander and company and virtually East India Company which successfully distorted the entire Indian Economy but the secnario changes a lot after independence. Though in 1774 coal mining started First in Raniganj belt but it was regularised in 1820 by Alexander and Co, an agency house. Needlesss to avoid the entire ecological balance have greatly been affected due to Coal mining. The temperature of this zone exceeds too much. Sometime it reaches to 400 in Asansol and Durgapur Raniganj Zone. A Loo (Strong wind) Flows with a blazing temperament is prevailing year by year and sure if strong environment friendly measurement is not taken seriously the human resource of this area will get a severe loss. Forestation programme must have to take place wothour interruption. Otherwise this ecological distortion will ever remain responsible for loss of human lives through disease like cancer, heart discases. Skin diseases, eye problems etc. Simultaneously we can not avoid to write that this economic zone of West Bengal has got a larger spectrum of education due to its rich economic outcome kthough coal, a greater resource for our generaton. As this subject belongs to central govt. There fore it should take valuable step to make indian lives better through Eastern Coal Field Limited as ECL does serve do build up the nation. The rich planning for ECL is historically expemiented and subjectually relevant to the present Indian Lives. References :- 1) Humphreys, H.D.G (1956). The Early History of Coal Mining in Bengal. 2) Guha, Kumar, Kamaraju, A Satellite based study of Coal Fires and open cast mining activity in Raniganj Coal Field, West Bengal. 3) Arthashastra, Kautilya. 4) Coal Fatalities for 1900 through 2016 (Arlington, VA : U.S. Mine safety and Health Administration. 5) Atmosphere of Hope. Tim Flannery. 6) Ispat Sangbad Publishd by Durgapur Steel Plant.

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