UNIT HISTORY (U) I965 UNITED STATE Mfbitary LIAISON MISSION
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F!------ 1 UNIT HISTORY (U) I965 UNITED STATE MfbITARY LIAISON MISSION f t 1...:... .' '. ' c HISTORY USMW {TQ El-3731) 1965 SECTfON COPTTENTS <C> PAGE f BACKGROUND 1 I1 MISS I ON 2 A, PRXMARY 2 B, SECOHDARY a 111 ORGANI ZAT I ON 3 1v GEHERAL REVIEW OF ACTIVITIES 4 V ADMINXSTRATION AMI MXISTICAL SUPPORT 9 A, ADMINISTRATIOE 9 1 Officer Personnel 9 2. Enlisted Personnel 9 3, Extension of Foreign Service Tours 9 B. LOGISTICS 10 I, US Support 10 2, Soviet Support 12 VI LIAISON ACTTVITIES 14 A. RELATIONS WITH SOVIET FORCES 14 E. PASSES AND CREDENTPALS 14 C. CWAND DTESELS 15 n. MISCELLANEOUS CORRESPONDENCE 16 E. US DEFECTORS 16 1. General 16 2. Pvt Charles C. Ziegler 16 F. SOCIAL ACTIVITIES 19 VT X ACTIONS AGAINST USMLAI PWSDAM INSTALTATTON 24 A. GE-WRAL 24 €3. FLAGPOLE IECZDEYT 25 C PEACEFUL DEMONSTRATION 25 D. JWX RICrr 27 S'EC!rLmJ C0"TS PAGE VI11 INTELLIGENCE ACTIVITIES 35 A. COLLECTION OPERATIONS IN EAST GERMANY 35 1. Allied Cooperation 35 2. Obstacles to Collection 36 3. Incidents and Mtentions 33 4. Withdrawal of Accredftatqon 44 B. ORSERVATIONE Zh' EAST GERFAPTY 44 1. Soviet Ground Forces 44 2. Soviet Air Forcc 46 3, Soviet Kava1 Forces 47 4. East German Ground Forces 48 5, East German Air Force 50 6. East German Naval Forces 50 C. fl1ROWOIIOGXCAL YWXABY OF SIGNIFICANT OPERATTONAL ACT IVITTES 51 1, Winter 52 2, Spring 58 3, Summer 63 4. Fall 72 D. THE STORY BEIIT5"D TIT REFORT 79 1. *narml 79 3. The Frog 80 3. The Aerial Photos 82 4. The Fix Eight 85 5. The Headset. 86 1X GEK'ERXL IKPRESSIOYS OF EAST GERMANY 88 ANh'EX A AWRNER-h?ALTEIN AGREEMEW' 90 GEKERAL ORDER ACTIVATING WSULI'? 94 AKNEX B ORGAh'I7ATfOh' ClTART 95 TABLE OF DISTRIBUTION 96 PERSOHKEL CHANGES 97 PTCTURXS OF USAIL# PERSONNEL 100 AYNEX C USMLM LIAI SOH AlEETINGS 7 07 ii CONFIDENTIAL AXHEX cornRhT S PAGE ANNEX D PERMU’EHT RESTRJCTED AREAS 113 A?IN):X E: TRYPOP.ARY RESTRICTED AREAS 114 AMPXX Y TOCRTNG STAT1 STICS 125 AYNES G DETXSNT T OX S 126 IMCJDEhTS 135 iii UNC LASS1 Fl E D UNITED STATES MILITARY LIAISON MISSION TO COMMANDER IN CHIEF GROUP OF SOVIET FORCES GERMANY APO US FORCES 09742 UNIT HISTORY 1965 I. CC) BAC~GRDUND: The United States Mflitary Linlson MissTon to the Commander in Chief, Group of Soviet Forces in Germany (USYLM) was organized 7 April 1947, to estabXlsh and maintain liaison between the Commander In Chfef, United States European Command, and the Commander in Chief of the Soviet Occupied Zone of Germany, The im- plementing agreement was signed by the respective .. , .. Chiefs of Staff, Lieutenant General Huebncr and Colonel General Malinin. This document, comonlp known as the Huebner4lalinin agreement, Is still the basis of USMLM's operation in East Germany, although changes in the situation and personnel over the years have led to varying interpretation of its provisions, and to a gradual shift in re- sources toward the collect ion of intelligence. 11. (C) MXSSJON: A. (IT) PRIMARY: To conduct liaison between the Commander in Chief, Group of Soviet Forces in Germany (CIKC, GSFG) and Commander In Chief, US Army Europe (CINC, WSAREUK), the successors lo t.he parties to the original agreement. R. (C) SECONDARY: To exploit USMIX liaison status and potential for the collection of intelli- gence information in East Germany, This missjon is carried out with due regard for the primary missfm. C. (U) REBZRENCE: Letter, AEAGR, Ilq USAWUR, 2 Aug 61, Subj : Terms of Reference - WSMLM CUI . 2 111. IC) ORGANIZATION: A. (C) USHM is directly subordinate to Read- quarters USAREUR, and is accredited to CXNC, GSFG, It is composed of an Amy elment (11 officers, 23 enlisted men) with a Navy element (1 off iccr) and an Air Force element (4 officers, 5 enlisted men) attached. The senior Army officer is Chief of Mission. (See Annex B), R, (C) The Deputy Chief of Staff for Intelli- gence, Hq USAREUR [DCSI , USAREIIR) , exercises primary staff supervision over USYLM, to include the pro- vision of policy and operational guldancs, and the levying of intelligence collection requiremente, C, (0 CIHC, USNAWWR and CIWC, USAFE exer- cise staff supervision over the Navy and Air Force elements in matters involving administration, disci- pline, and training, They levy requirements, and provide guidance concerning Navy and Air Force t arge-ts . D, (C) Under the terms of the Huebner- Malinin agreement, Chief USMU: is accreditnd to CINC, GSFG. USELM is authorized 14 personnel. These 14 are issued credentials by Aq GSFG allowing them to travel In East Germany. They are distributed as f OllOWS : Chief of Mission 1 Deputy Chief of Mission I Li a ison (Ileconn a iss anc e) Officers : 5 Navy 1 Air Force 2 NCOIC, Potsdam Installation 1 Drivers : hP 2 Air Force 1 TmAL 14 3 .. IV. (C) GENERAL: A. IC) During 1965, USMLM continued to success- fully accomplish both its liaison and intelligence missions, It remained as the only official American representation in East Germany, and the only organiza- tion with the capability of placing trained American military officer observers in the area occupied by the Soviet Union's most battle-ready combat forces. 4 Continued refinement of operational dfrection and rec anna iss anc e tec hn Iques produced improved int a 11i - gsnce acquisitions for use by higher headquarters, B. (0 In 1965, as Pn tho past, complete COD operatfsn and coordination between the British, French, and United States Military Liaison Missions was maintahed. A13 Missions were informed of thc others liaison activities, Reconnaissance trip schedules and operational information was coordinated and all information obtained was shared equally. In effect, this close relationship tripled the quantity of informatlon forwarded to each hcad- quarters. It also presented a more diversified intelligence picture, due to the variations in areas of national interest, and thc different observation tcchniquas employed by the three Missions, C. (GI There was no change in 1065 in the Permanent Rcstrictcd .!rea (PRA) imposed by GSFG, denying about one-third of East Germany to Mission travel, Twelve Temporary Restricted Areas ('I'M*E;) , an increase of 2 over 1964, were imposed through- out the year, to prohibit USMLB Prom cntering areas of intensjve training or maneuvers, The number of Mission restriction signs continued to increase. Most of the new signs were East German rather than Snvict, East German security (VOPO and HFS) became noticeably more aggressive toward Nission activities. These fectors combined to make TJSMLM't; task more difficult , and to require more highly developed travel, observation and photographing techniques. D, (Us Yhile the vast majority of the East German population remained friendly and helpful to USKLM, hzrd-core communists sometimes provoked unpleasantness, the most serious of which was the attack on the US?XA! Potsdam installation on 1 June 1965. E, (C) USMLN teams spent 813 days of re- connaissance fn the Soviet Zone of Germany in 1965. MTssion vehicles covered 221,412 miles, The Chief nf Vlssion continued, in 1965, to ruse 9 fast American sportscar for an average of 1,200 miles per month of widittonal travel in the Soviet Z.nne in connection with operational missions, liaison Punctfans, and investigations of incidents. Rrrring the year, USMIAT teams were involved in 9 incfdcnts and 23 detentions. A total of 669 separate intelli- gence reports were forwarded to higher headquarters and other intelligence agencies, in addition to the daily SITREP transmitted by teletype. The above f igiares kndicate an 18% increase -Ln Fecannaissance days, a 14% increase in mileage, B 4% increase in number Qf reports forwarded, ecd a 20% decrease in incidents and detentioris. The favoreble trend in- dicrtted by these figures reflects a greater effort and higher degree of sophist icct for, iri WKLM operational activities For 2 more dotailcd hrcnk- down of these statistics, see Annex F. F, (U) In 1965, USMU! was privileged to re- ce-l vc scvoral distinguished visitors. Among those who received briefings at USYLM Der150 headquarters were the Secretary of thc Army (The Honorable Stanley R. bsor) , the Chief of Staff of the US Army (General IIarold K. Johnson), CINCUSAREUR (General Andrew P, O"Meara), and the CINCUSAFE (General Bruce K. Holloway) I V, (C) ADMINISTIIATION AND LOGISTICAL SUPPORT: A, (u) ADMINISTRATION: 1, Officer Personnel, USMJAI received 6 officer replacements in 1965 , including 3 Army, 1 Xarine, and 2 Air Force offieors. Only one was a graduate of the Russian FAST program, but all had received some Russian language trainjng and 5 of tho 6 Were fluent in Russian. In addition, 3 were fluent in German and one in Fretlch. All newly- assigned officers underwent a short reconnaissance training period at USHLM, and attended the mica Photography School at Wetrlar, West Germany, 2. Enlisted Personnel, Ten enlisted re- placements wkra assigned t~ WaLM in 1965. They were high-caliber, well-qualified men, and this turnover of mom than one-third of the enlisted strength was made without loss of efficiency. In addition, 3 key non-commissioned officers re- Enlisted For their own vacancies. 3. Extension of Foreign Scrvice Tours. In September 196 5, tlie kmy@spolicy of encouraging extensions of foreign service tours of duty was 9 . .- .. .. .- . .. radically altered, due to the pressing personnel demands of the situation in Viet h’am, Requests for extensions from long tour areas would normally not be granted. However, due to the special re- quirements of DSBILH, and the value of experience in this selected assignment, Hq USAREUR and Depart- ment of the Army were very liberal in granting ex- tensions .ta USMLW personnel,, 3.