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UNIT HISTORY (U) I965 UNITED STATE MfbITARY LIAISON MISSION
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c HISTORY USMW {TQ El-3731) 1965 SECTfON COPTTENTS
1X GEK'ERXL IKPRESSIOYS OF EAST GERMANY 88
ANh'EX A AWRNER-h?ALTEIN AGREEMEW' 90 GEKERAL ORDER ACTIVATING WSULI'? 94 AKNEX B ORGAh'I7ATfOh' ClTART 95 TABLE OF DISTRIBUTION 96 PERSOHKEL CHANGES 97 PTCTURXS OF USAIL# PERSONNEL 100
AYNEX C USMLM LIAI SOH AlEETINGS 7 07
ii CONFIDENTIAL AXHEX cornRhT S PAGE
ANNEX D PERMU’EHT RESTRJCTED AREAS 113 A?IN):X E: TRYPOP.ARY RESTRICTED AREAS 114 AMPXX Y TOCRTNG STAT1 STICS 125 AYNES G DETXSNT T OX S 126 IMCJDEhTS 135
iii UNC LASS1 Fl E D UNITED STATES MILITARY LIAISON MISSION TO COMMANDER IN CHIEF GROUP OF SOVIET FORCES GERMANY APO US FORCES 09742
UNIT HISTORY 1965
I. CC) BAC~GRDUND: The United States Mflitary Linlson MissTon to the Commander in Chief, Group of Soviet Forces in Germany (USYLM) was organized 7 April 1947, to estabXlsh and maintain liaison between the Commander In Chfef, United States European Command, and the Commander in Chief of the Soviet Occupied Zone of Germany, The im- plementing agreement was signed by the respective
.. , .. . . Chiefs of Staff, Lieutenant General Huebncr and Colonel General Malinin. This document, comonlp known as the Huebner4lalinin agreement, Is still the basis of USMLM's operation in East Germany, although changes in the situation and personnel over the years have led to varying interpretation of its provisions, and to a gradual shift in re- sources toward the collect ion of intelligence. 11. (C) MXSSJON:
A. (IT) PRIMARY: To conduct liaison between the Commander in Chief, Group of Soviet Forces in Germany (CIKC, GSFG) and Commander In Chief, US Army Europe (CINC, WSAREUK), the successors lo t.he parties to the original agreement. R. (C) SECONDARY: To exploit USMIX liaison status and potential for the collection of intelli- gence information in East Germany, This missjon is carried out with due regard for the primary missfm.
C. (U) REBZRENCE: Letter, AEAGR, Ilq USAWUR, 2 Aug 61, Subj : Terms of Reference - WSMLM CUI .
2 111. IC) ORGANIZATION: A. (C) USHM is directly subordinate to Read- quarters USAREUR, and is accredited to CXNC, GSFG, It is composed of an Amy elment (11 officers, 23 enlisted men) with a Navy element (1 off iccr) and an Air Force element (4 officers, 5 enlisted men) attached. The senior Army officer is Chief of Mission. (See Annex B), R, (C) The Deputy Chief of Staff for Intelli- gence, Hq USAREUR [DCSI , USAREIIR) , exercises primary staff supervision over USYLM, to include the pro- vision of policy and operational guldancs, and the levying of intelligence collection requiremente, C, (0 CIHC, USNAWWR and CIWC, USAFE exer- cise staff supervision over the Navy and Air Force elements in matters involving administration, disci- pline, and training, They levy requirements, and provide guidance concerning Navy and Air Force t arge-ts . D, (C) Under the terms of the Huebner- Malinin agreement, Chief USMU: is accreditnd to CINC, GSFG. USELM is authorized 14 personnel. These 14 are issued credentials by Aq GSFG allowing them to travel In East Germany. They are distributed as f OllOWS :
Chief of Mission 1 Deputy Chief of Mission I Li a ison (Ileconn a iss anc e) Officers : 5 Navy 1 Air Force 2 NCOIC, Potsdam Installation 1 Drivers : hP 2 Air Force 1 TmAL 14
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.. . IV. (C) GENERAL: A. IC) During 1965, USMLM continued to success- fully accomplish both its liaison and intelligence missions, It remained as the only official American representation in East Germany, and the only organiza- tion with the capability of placing trained American military officer observers in the area occupied by the Soviet Union's most battle-ready combat forces.
4 Continued refinement of operational dfrection and rec anna iss anc e tec hn Iques produced improved int a 11i - gsnce acquisitions for use by higher headquarters,
B. (0 In 1965, as Pn tho past, complete COD operatfsn and coordination between the British, French, and United States Military Liaison Missions was maintahed. A13 Missions were informed of thc others liaison activities, Reconnaissance trip schedules and operational information was coordinated and all information obtained was shared equally. In effect, this close relationship tripled the quantity of informatlon forwarded to each hcad- quarters. It also presented a more diversified intelligence picture, due to the variations in areas of national interest, and thc different observation tcchniquas employed by the three Missions,
C. (GI There was no change in 1065 in the Permanent Rcstrictcd .!rea (PRA) imposed by GSFG, denying about one-third of East Germany to Mission travel, Twelve Temporary Restricted Areas ('I'M*E;) , an increase of 2 over 1964, were imposed through- out the year, to prohibit USMLB Prom cntering areas of intensjve training or maneuvers, The number of Mission restriction signs continued to increase. Most of the new signs were East German rather than Snvict, East German security (VOPO and HFS) became noticeably more aggressive toward Nission activities. These fectors combined to make TJSMLM't; task more difficult , and to require more highly developed travel, observation and photographing techniques. D, (Us Yhile the vast majority of the East German population remained friendly and helpful to USKLM, hzrd-core communists sometimes provoked unpleasantness, the most serious of which was the attack on the US?XA! Potsdam installation on 1 June 1965.
E, (C) USMLN teams spent 813 days of re- connaissance fn the Soviet Zone of Germany in 1965. MTssion vehicles covered 221,412 miles, The Chief nf Vlssion continued, in 1965, to ruse 9 fast American sportscar for an average of 1,200 miles per month of widittonal travel in the Soviet Z.nne in connection with operational missions, liaison Punctfans, and investigations of incidents. Rrrring the year, USMIAT teams were involved in 9 incfdcnts and 23 detentions. A total of 669 separate intelli- gence reports were forwarded to higher headquarters and other intelligence agencies, in addition to the daily SITREP transmitted by teletype. The above f igiares kndicate an 18% increase -Ln Fecannaissance days, a 14% increase in mileage, B 4% increase in number Qf reports forwarded, ecd a 20% decrease in incidents and detentioris. The favoreble trend in- dicrtted by these figures reflects a greater effort and higher degree of sophist icct for, iri WKLM operational activities For 2 more dotailcd hrcnk- down of these statistics, see Annex F. F, (U) In 1965, USMU! was privileged to re- ce-l vc scvoral distinguished visitors. Among those who received briefings at USYLM Der150 headquarters were the Secretary of thc Army (The Honorable Stanley R. bsor) , the Chief of Staff of the US Army (General IIarold K. Johnson), CINCUSAREUR (General Andrew P, O"Meara), and the CINCUSAFE (General Bruce K. Holloway) I V, (C) ADMINISTIIATION AND LOGISTICAL SUPPORT: A, (u) ADMINISTRATION: 1, Officer Personnel, USMJAI received 6 officer replacements in 1965 , including 3 Army, 1 Xarine, and 2 Air Force offieors. Only one was a graduate of the Russian FAST program, but all had received some Russian language trainjng and 5 of tho 6 Were fluent in Russian. In addition, 3 were fluent in German and one in Fretlch. All newly- assigned officers underwent a short reconnaissance training period at USHLM, and attended the mica Photography School at Wetrlar, West Germany, 2. Enlisted Personnel, Ten enlisted re- placements wkra assigned t~ WaLM in 1965. They were high-caliber, well-qualified men, and this turnover of mom than one-third of the enlisted strength was made without loss of efficiency. In addition, 3 key non-commissioned officers re- Enlisted For their own vacancies.
3. Extension of Foreign Scrvice Tours. In September 196 5, tlie kmy@spolicy of encouraging extensions of foreign service tours of duty was
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. .- .. .. .- ...... radically altered, due to the pressing personnel demands of the situation in Viet h’am, Requests for extensions from long tour areas would normally not be granted. However, due to the special re- quirements of DSBILH, and the value of experience in this selected assignment, Hq USAREUR and Depart- ment of the Army were very liberal in granting ex- tensions .ta USMLW personnel,,
3. (C) IAH;XSTICS:
1. us Support.
8. General: Berlin Brigade continued ta render outstanding support to USKLM. A realign- mnt of maintenance and supply responsibilities within Berlin Brigade made some changes in procedure necessary, but did not materially affect the quallty of support rendered. b. Vehicles: Again in 196s USMLM used modified Fords far reconnaissance trips. Modifica- tions tnclude the installation of 35-gallon fuel tanks, Cow hooks front and mar, and curtains in the rear window. Special switches are provided to en- able the driver to use only onc pair af headlights, to turn off his tail lights and brake lights in- dependent of the headllphts, and to operate bfack- out driving and back-up ligbts. Right-hand outside mirrors for the tour officer’s usc and compasses are also installed, These modif icatiom are made by Ordnance Division, Berlin Brigade, and greatly improve the recannaissance team’s capability for eluding hostile surveillance and pursuit USMM is authorized 10 Soviet- accredited vehicles under the terms of the Ifuebner- Mal inin agreement Soviet-licensed vehicles include 8 reconnaissance sedans, the Chief of Mission’s sports car, and a station wagon for administrative use. The latter vehicle can be quickly converted to an ambulance when necessary. In 1965, USELK received 16 new vehicles, 13 1964 Fords and 3 1965 Fords, as re- placements for a like number of worn-out or wrecked vehicles. As in the past, the rugged American-built automobile completely outclassed any of the Rast Bloc vehicles, and was more than a match for the specially- procured MFS Mercedes 220 S's and BMW's.
Additionally, Chief USWL3 regularly used his privately-owned Corvette Sting Ray for liaison and observation trips in the Soviet Zone. This sleek, American , high-speed, sports car attracted admiring (and somet hies incredulous) stares wherever it appeared on East German streets, The contrast be- tween the Corvette and the drab East German automobiles provided a striking example of the comparative politi- cal and economic systems.
11 UIN CLASS I61 ED a. Potsdam Installation: Under tho terms of the Kuebner-Malinin agreement, GSFG is responsible for providing logistical support for the USMN Potsdam Snstal lation. This includes not only maintenance of the building, but also the provision of rations for accredited personnel and
12 W NC LASS B F1 ED their families, gaseline for vehicles, and domestic help, With few exceptions, the Soviets provide tbe minimum poss ib Le support, knowing that USML,bl j B capable of recelving supplies from its Berlin base. The quantity of rations supplied would be clearly insuff fcient if all accredited personnel lived full- time in Potsdam. The quality is generally far below acceptable standards, although some staple items are used to supplement the rations purchased in the Berlfn commissary. Each month the Soviets provide USWLM with 2,000 East Masks and coupons ~QEthe purchase of 2,500 liters of gasoline. Again, thls is inadequate, and must be supplemented from US Army supplies and funds available to USMCM. b, A notable exception to tbe sub- standard Sovfct support occurred in 1965. Following the P June riot, which caused great damage to the Potsdam installation CScctian Vf’d, para IN, the Soviets were extremely cooperative and even solicitous in providing rapid repair to the building. The house was repainted inside and out, windows and screens re- placed, the roof completely rettled, and many othef repairs which had long been neglected were accomplished. As a result, the Potsdam installation was in far better condition after the riot damage was repaired than it was previously.
13 c. At the end of the year the domestic help provided by the Soviets was at full strength. This includes three yardmen/fimmon, five cooks/ waftresses, and two cleaning women, VI. (C) LTAISOY ACT1 VITIES: A. (V) RELATIOMS WITU SOVIET FORCES: Through- out 1965, USMLM demonstrated the vnluc of maintaining a direct link between CINC, USdREUR and CIHC, GSFG, A total of 39 meetings with the Soviets wcrc held. This represents a decrease of 26 from 1964, when the crashes of two USAF aircraft Tn East Germany required USMLV to maintain almost continuous contact with Soviet authorities. The number of meetfngs in 1965 was about the same as the average of years prior to 1964, The meetings ranged over a wide variety of topics, including incidents in East Ber€in and on the Ilelmstedt autobahn, American defectors, and alleged infractions by USMN personnel, amang othcrs. A list of meetings is given in Annex C. B. (U) PASSES AMD CRED3hTIALS FaUS PERSOBHEL AMI VEHICLES: There were 84 letser requests to SERB by USMLM for issuance or reissuance of Soviet credentials for pcrsonnel or vchlcles, as compared with 102 during 1964, 68 during 1963, and 92 during 19t32. T7ReIvc off icera and enlisted men received new Soviet passes during the year, while there wem 52 exchanges of credentials for prevj eusly accredited personnel. Exchanges were due largely to hospitaliaa- tion, leave, and need to rotate drivers and reconnais- sance officers because of "touring fatigue". There were 20 vehicle pass exchanges, principally for re- pairs or replacement of damaged and unserviceable vehicles . One hundred letter requests for guest passes were submitted, and 492 passes were issued for visitors to Potsdam house, Included among the visitors were Signal, Engineer, Quartermaster, Transportation, and Ordnance personnel, who made trips to Potsdam 5n connection with %he issue and maintenance of equipment. Frequent operational visits of assigned USMLM person- nel who did not hold permanent Soviet accreditation were mado. The figure of 100 guest pass requests compares with 119 last year, 94 during 1963, and 96 in 1962.
14 C. iu) Cmhf;wD DIESELS: Seventeen letter requests for clearance of command diesel trafns‘ through the Soviet Zone were processed during the year, as compared with 30 last gear and 21 in 1963. The use of the command diesels to transport VIP’s to and from Berlin is irregularly echeduled to supplement daily milftary trains which carry personnel, baggage, mail and supplies through the Soviet kne between Berlin and West Germany.
I.5 D, (U) HISeEIdtANEOUS CORRESPOHDEEICE were 42 Stems of routine correspondence to SERB from USMU. Thc variety of subjects included requests for information concerning US military and civilian personnel reported to have been detained in Ea5t Germany; the whereabouts of, and requests for cm- frontation with, US Army deserters; visits to and avac u at I on of i R j wed USMIWi pcrscrnne 1 hasp it alize d in Gotha, East Germany; details of Soviet repairs of USMLM Potsdam house as result of 1 June riot and damngos claimed for replacement of items beyond re- pair; acknowledgement of monthly SERB gasoline coupons and money; establishment of sanitation standards of ZTSMBLM Potsdam house mess kitchen; in- ventory of Soviet property at Potsdam installation; changes in PQV license plates of US Forces in Germany; changes in payment procedure for telephone service affecting SMLM-F and USMUI Potsdam instal- lation; requests for Chief USMU to transit Wartha- llerleshausen Chcckpolnt en route to USAREUR head- quarters in Heldelberg; authentication of movement ardors through the Soviet Zone and movement of US Army freight trains through the Soviet Zone. E. (C) US DEFECTOM: I, General, At meetings with Chief SERB in Potadam, a'ijmorrespondence with him, Chief USMU made routine inquiries concerning two US Army soldiers who defected to the Soviet Zone of Germany at different times during 1965, Chief SERB confirmed that the defectors were in East Germany, but stated that they had been panted asylum By East German authorities, Chief SERB added that the men did not desire to meet with Chief USMU at a confrontation to discuss their deiect5ons. This procedure by SEW3 conformed to previous pears and indicated that the Soviets considered defections a mnttcr to be settled between the US Army and the "German Qemo- cratic Republic". Inasmuch as the United States does not recognize the so-called "GJIR", no progress in recovering defectors was to be expected. 2. Yvt Charles C. Ziegler, On 29 July 3965, the NCOmRfXnlIS Potsdam house telephoned Chief WSMLX at USMLlll Potsdam house with inf omat ion that a man claiming to be an American military defector was at BRIXMXS requesting assfstancc in returning to Us military authority. The WCO said the man had evaded the VOPO guard and jumped through an open window in BRIXYIS Potsdam house. Chief USMLM mot to BRIXHIS and inxerviewed a young man in civilian clothes who claimed to be Pvt Charles Carl Ziegler, and said he defected by subway to East Berlin from West Berlin on 23 August 1959. Chief USYW verified Ziegler 's identification, photographed him and directed him to make a written statement re- questing USMIA assistance in leaving East Germany and returning to iJS Army control, ZicgLer also volunteered personal information concerning desertion of his East German wife and child and Irving as a vagabond, evading police for the past shmonths, During this period he had been supported by different women with whom he had been living in Magdetrurg and East Berlin, He was tired of his insecure existence and said he wanted to be evicted frm East Germany, "'even if it means ten years in jail",
Ziealer's written statement was taken to SERB headquarters and shown to the duty officer, Lt Xhelanov, who promised to report the matter t.0 GSFG headquarters. Chief USMLM returned to USMLJ.4 Potsdam
17 house to await developmeits. SERB telcphoncd USMIM that no decision would be made that day. lt was not practical tn kccp Zieglcr at RRIXMIS, SO he was ad- vised to return to his hTdeout in East Berlin and to contact USWJH by telephone for further instructions. On 30 July, Lt Zbelanov telephoned USMZM. with instructions to take Ziegler to the Potwdam police and have him make a written request for per- mission to leave East Germany. Ziegler had telephoned USMU Potsdan house from East Berlin prior to receipt of Soviet instructions, and was told to call later. That was the last heard from Ziegler until almost a month later when, on 24 August, ho was evicted by the East Germans via civilian train at HeImstedt,
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18 At Elelmstedt, West German police directed Ziegler to US military personnel at USA RTQ and he was taken into US Army custody. He carried a document stating he was evicted "after serving punishment for illegally attempting to cross GDR border and to contact USMU! io brlin". Chief USMfAf testtfied in Zfegler's court martial trial in Frankfurt to establssh his presence fn the Soviet Zone and to state that there was no US military authority in the Soviet Zone authorized to apprehend B deserter. This was necessary in order to show that the statute of limitations dfd not apply in Ziegler 's case He was found guflty and sentenced to a dishonorable discbarge and two years in coni inement, F. (U) SOCIAL ACTIVITIES: 1. On New Yearts Day, Chief USMLM and Wrs, Paul G. Skowonek hosted a traditional reception for the off icere and enlistcd personnel of the United States Military Liaison Mission and their wives.
2, On 20 February 1965, a George Washing- ton's Birthday Ball was held at the Potsdam Rouse, hosted by the Chief and officers of USMLM, Officers and wlves of the Group of Soviet Forces, Germany were invited, as we12 as officers and wives of the Fmneh and British Missions, and a small number of important American, Britfsh and French military and civilian of Iicirtls in Berlin. One hundred thirty-eight per- sons attended this gala, formal affair, which featured a buffet dinner and a US Army band for dancing, Potsdam house decorations were related to the life of George Washington and the 13 original states, and flags of the SO states were displayed, Two giant centerpieces of carved ice highlighted the buffet table; one was a bust of Goorp Washington and the other a model of the Kashington Monument. Xajor General Franklin, Vinister Calhoun, and Brigadier General Way (USCOB, American ?:inister-Berlln, and Commanding General of Berlin Brigade, respect ivcrly) attended, GSFG was represented by Colonel Kazakov of the Soviet Mission in Frankfurt and other offfcw mcmhcrs of the Soviet Exkernal Relations Branch with their wives. (Col Pinchuk, CoL Grishell, Lt CoZ Karasyav, Major Mlinaev, and Sr Lt Zhelanov).
19 UU CLASS IF 1 EQ YNCLASSF 61ED
20 UNCkASSiFIEb 3. The annual Soviet reception honoring Red Army Day was hosted by General and Mrs, Bonclarenko (Chief of SMUI-F), and was held in FrankIurt at SMM-F on 23 February. USAILl was represented at this cele- bration by Colonel and Mrs. Skowronek and Captain and Mrs. Kelly. 4. On 26 March 1965, a Rod and Gun Buffet was hosted by Chief USXA and his officers at the Potsdam installation, Guests included members af the British and French Military Liaison Missions; Command- ing General, Berlin Brigade; key US Hission-Berlin personnel; and Chief SERB and members of his staff. Prizes were awarded for pistol shooting, dart throwing and fly castfng; movfles of wlld life in Alaska were shown, 5. On 8 April, Chief USYU hosted a Stag Dfnner In his Berlin quarters honoring Major General Robert R. Glass, new DCSI, USAREUR. This function was attended by Chiefs of British and French Missions, Chief of Allied Staff-Berlin, and Deputy Chiefs of the three Allied Missions.
6, On 4 June, a farewell Black Tie dinner was hosted by Chief and officers af USXLM at the IIarnack House, in honor of four departing USMLM 1 iahon officers : Lt Col one1 Fair, Ma,j om Fitzurka, Clayborne , and Turner, 7. Approximately 100 guests attended a cocktail buffet at the home of the Chief of Mission (USYLM) on 12 July, to honor the visiting former ,Chiof USMLM, Colonel von Pawel. Officers of the US, British, and French Military Liaison Missions and their wives, together with key IJS mlljtary and State Department personnel, to include Ambassador and Mrs. McGhec, com- prised the guest list. 8. On 22 July, Chief USMLM hosted a luncheon at Potsdam house for a group of Berlin and Bonn correspondents for prominent news agencies, who were escorted by Chief of Information Division and ather members of the Berlin Information Office. During this visit, a flag was raised which had been scnt to USMIY by Senator Yarborwgh. It had flown over the US Capitol
21 UN CLASS1F1 ED W NCLASS IF IED and was to rcplaca the one torn down during the June riot. The Airman’s Veda1 was prcscntcd to a mcmbcr of USMU at the flag raising,
9. On 26 August 1965, the quarterly Chiefs of Hission meetl’ng was held at WKLM Berlin instal- lation and attcndcd by RrZgadicr A,D,R.G. Wi’lson, MRE, Chief of Uritish Mission; Coloncl Aenri Marty , Chicf of French Hission; and their senior officers. Colonel Paul G. Ykowronek, Chief of the United States Missinn, hosted a lunchoon at his quarters following the meeting,
1-0- On 4 Septomber, the Cbicf and officors of the US Yil itarp Liaison Mission hosted a Labor 1)ay Picnic at the USMLM Potsdam house, to which members of the British, French, and Soviet Eilitary Missions and SERB were invited. From the Soviets, General and hbs. Bondarenko (Chief sf SB!LM-F) Colonel and Mrs. Grishell (Acting Chief, SERE) and Lt and Mrs Zhelanov (SERB;) attended. Guests participated enthuslastirally in picnic act ivitics ,’ inc 1 uding volleyball, badminton, hnrscshor: pitching and dart throwing,
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11, On 15 September 1965, Chief USMLM and Mrs* Skowronek hosted pre-train cocktails in honor of the dopzrting Deputy Chief of USPLM and Mrs. Basil C. Balaker, The party was held at 12-14 Spechtstrasse, Berlin-Dahlem, and was attended by officer members and wives of the three Allied Wsslons.
12. 31 October 1965, Chief of Mission and Mrs. Skmonek hosted pre-train cocktails in honor of General and Mrs. Andrew P. O'Meara, Commander-in-Chief, United States Army, Europe. This event was attended by key US personnel in Berlin, to ineludo USCUB, CG-BR, Minister Calhoun, C/S USCOB, Chief AS-B, and the Chiefs of Allied Missions.
23. Colonel and Mrs. Skowronek, together with Major and Krs. Kelsey, attended the annual SKU-F reception on 6 November hosted by General Bondarenko in Frankfurt to commemorate the "Great OC t ober Soci aliat Revolut ion" 14. The Chief and officers of USMU! hosted a US Marine Corps Anniversary Reception-Buffet in honor of Marine Corps Captain and Blrs. Obuhangch IUEMLm at the Berlin Officers' open Mess on 10 November. Senior local US Amy and Wavy members were present, together with members of the US, British, and French Military Liaison Missions and other British and French military dignitaries. Members of the Sovlet External Relations Branch, Potsdam Komandatura, and Soviet Military Liaison Xissfon-Frankfurt, declined the invitation to attend, and no Soviet representatinn was included among the nearly 100 guests in attendance at this formal mili t ary f unc t ion I VXI. CC) ACTTOKS AGAINST THE USMLX POTSDAM I NSTRILAT ION A, (U) GEYEHAL: Inasmuch as the United Statcs Military Liaison Mission in Potsdnm maintains the only American presence in East Germany, it is tbe eole target against which communist agitators can physically
24 lJN C LASS IFl ED vent their displeasure with US policies, Because of the United States peace-keeping operation fn the Dominican Republic and the stepped-up military effort in Viet Nam, occurring in 1965, hostile actions directod against the USMU Potsdam installation were more frequent and more serious than in any previous year. In a period of less than a month, three anti- Anerican incidents occurred, each more serious than the preceding.
R, (VI FLAGPOLE INCIDENT: On the night of 3-4 May, vandals entered the grounds of the USMLM Potsdam headquarters, They removed a bolt from the base of tho flagFole in front of the house, causing the pole and the American flag tn fall to the ground. This occurred within sight of the TOP0 stationed near the entrance to USMU1 property, who is supposcd- ly tbese for the protection of the Mission. The incident resulted in a strong protest from the Chief of Staff, Hq USAREUFt, to the Chllef of Staff, Hq GSFG, through UWLWSERB c hanne 1s.
C, (C) PEACEFUL DEMONSTRATION: On 6 May, a l'pcaccIul'' demonstration occurred at the USMLM Potsdam headquarters, Late in the af tcrnoon, several hundred communists assembled at the gate. R dele- gation from the demonstraters went to the door of the USMA! house and rang the bell, Then the Duty Officer answered the door, he was handed two letters -- one addressed to President Johnson and one for the Chief of Mission. When reminded that rhe USHLM grounds en.joyed the right of extraterritoriality, the English- speaking spokesman for the group stated that he was aware of this and that USMLM property would be respcct- ed, The delegation then returned Lo join thcir comrades outside the gate, A %-minute speech, Jenocncing Urlited States actions in the Dominican . Republic and in Viet Nam, was read in both Lnglish and German, using a public address system. While the speech was being read, members of the group, singly or in pairs, an t-o thc grass plot in the center of the circular driveway on the ESMLM grounds, and planted signs and banners around the flagpole. The speech was followed by chantinff anti-US slogans and singing. Approximately 45 minutes after the arrlval of the dm"strators, they departed. The entire operation was closely controlled by the VOPO’s, who Lad parked a rint control. vehicle and two enpty buses near the I;Sl!LBI house in advance, The? demonstration was well- organized rnd, as snggcsled by the presence of pro- fessional motion-picture camcramen in the crowd, was obviously staged for propaganda purposes, As such, it bore little resemblance to the next “demonstrakion” which occurred three weeks later,
2 Ci D. (C) JLKE RIOT': The first o€ June 1965 was celebrated as Intornational Children's Day in communist countries, The day was comiemorated in Potsdam by a children's rally which quickly de- veloped into a riot against USlaXK, wifh full-grown East German hoodlums playing the role of undisri- plfnsd juvenile delinquents, Perhaps tho story can best be told hy the following messages which wew? transmitted Zrom USW,Y in Rcrlin to Hq USIIREUR. 1, COW MIS 40045 DTD OllCiOOX 65. BRXXNIlS TOUR OFFICER REPORTEL) 1620 HRS TITAT HE OB- S ESVED PEACEXL DEMONSTRATI OEJS OF SGIlCKlL QI J LDWN WITH A3Ti-ANEBXCA~ SI,OGANS IK PUTSDAM. DUTY OFFICER, YAJOR FITXWRKA, EM) DEPARTED FOR POTSDAM APPROXI?TELY 1605 HAS, CHIEF USYJll.K DEPAITf'I'EB 1630 HRS FOR POTSTIAM. AT 1640 HRS, A/lC VDSS, THOKAS L, , OFLY US PERSOKREL AT PQTSDM? ESN HOKYE, REPURTED CROWD OF AFPROXIHATEIJY 75 GEihAYS HAVE INTAnEn MISSION PROPERTY, BROKE3 ALL It'ThTOWS ON I3UI'TOY FLOOR. NO US OFFICERS HAVE ARRIWD YET. DWLTY CIITEF USYLM COWACTED SERB I DEHANDED ASSISTANCE, 2, COhT MIM $31-65 DTD 011630X JL” 65. CHIEF USBdLM PHOKE;I) FRW GLIENICKE RRInGE AT 1655 TIRS, RECEIVED RRIEFTNG ON POTSDAEI €IOVSF: SLTUATL OY. CII IEF USMM STATED HE Wouw) CmCK SERR AND PROChTD CAUTIOUSItY TO TIE RlSSION HOUSE. A9 OF 1711) RRS PI0 WORD RECEXWD FROM MAJ FITZURK4, WAF, EN ROUTE TO SCENE. ALSO, SINCE 1655 HKS THERE HAS BEEN WO WORlY FROM A/lC VWS, ALTROUGH THE TELFPIIONE LIYE RBMATNY OPEN. AT 1713 HRS, HAJ FITSURKA PHONED FROM BRXXMIS MISSION. APPROXIMATELY 200 EAST CER3ilAN DEMONSTRATORS AT USMIJd HOUSE BREAKING WXM)OWS Ahl) SPLATTERING PAIMT. VOPO’S ARE PRESENT BUT TAKIKG NO ACTION. WAS FITZUKKA WAS UNAI3J.Z TO GET INTO USMLM HOUSE WILL CIECK SITUATION AT SERB AFPD AT HOUSE AND ADVISE FURTHER. 3. COW MLwl 402-65 DTD 0117002 65. A/lC VOSS RBPORTED AT 1740 HRS THAT CROW HAS DEPARTED. MAJ FITSURKA, MA8T OD03 AND PFC GLASSCOCK fkRKIVED. FLAGPOLE BROKEN AKD BOTrl FLAGS DESECRATED; W1NDSHXELD Oh’ ODOX’S CAR BROKEN; USMUf CAR ON GROUNDS OVERTURhTED. ENTRY WAS MADE IFTO BUILDING; HOOLXGAKS FEnE ON FIRST, SECOND AYD THIRD FLOORS, DAMAGED FIRST FLOOR AM3 KITCIIEN. NO KKOW INJURIES, BUT KO FURTHER WORD FROM CUL SKOWRQNEK. MAJ ODOM WILL PROCEED TO SERB TO CHECK FURTHER. SERB REPORTED TO DEPUTY CHIEF THAT COL SKOWRONEK DEPARTED SERB FOR POTSDAM HWSE SOME WIIILE AGO.
4, ’CONF MT.M 403-65 DTD 0117302 65. CHIEF USELM PHO” 1820 IWS FROM SERB. STATWI THAT CE IS ALRIGHT AND R’TLI, R3MATN TKERE UNTIL HE lUCEIVES TIED. 5- COW MIA 401-65 DTD 01 1800X 65. A/IC VOSS ON DWY AT TIME OF RIOT RETURNED TO USKW BERLIh PPITH MU OM, KAJ PITZUREIA Ah3 PIX GLASSCOCK 32XAIX IN POTSDAM. NO KNOWN INJURY TO IJS PRRSONXEL, FOTSPAF4 HOUSR EXTEYSJVELY DAMAGED IMSXDj4: AND OFT. COLOXEL SKOWRONEK CALLED 1845 FIRS FRW POTSDAM HOUSX leYD WILL RETURN TO BERLIN APPROXIUATKLY 1940 HRS AFTER INSPECT- ING DAMAGES. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION TO BE SENT AS RECEIVED, 6. COW MU¶ 405-65 13TD 0113402 65. CHIEF USMLM STOPmD AT SERB AT 011700 JUN ON WAY TO POTSUAM HOUSE AND INFORMED LT ZFIELANOV THAT HE WAS DRIVING TO POTSDM HOUSE AND EXPECTED TO BE ABLE TO RE PROVIDED SUE ENTRY TO USMX POTSIDAM GROUNDS. LT ZHEWOV ACTED AS THOUGH HE TEOUGRI' THE DEMONSTRATION WOULD BE TERMI- NATED EEFORE CHIEF USMLM ARRIVED AT POTSDAM HOUSE, AT ENTRANCE TO POTSDAM HOUSE, C03, SKOWROYSK ENCOVNTERED MOB WHICIITRIED TO BLOCK HIS ~EXCLEANI) THE wrmm NEXT TO HIS HEAD VAS SHATTERbiD BY A STOME CQL SKOWRONEK DROVE AWAY AS OTHJ?,R STOKES STRUCK HIS VEHICLE. WAKING A U-TURN SEVERAL YARDS FROM T€E
29 7 ENTRANCE, CHIEF U~~LB?QBSERVED THE OUTSKIRTS OF THE MOB, BUT SEVERAL LEATHER- JACETED MOTORCTCI,ISTS WORKED THEIR WAY THROUGH THE WOODS TO ATI'EXPT TO RLOCK TRE CHIEF'S VEHJI~IB. COT, SKUWROmK DEPARTED THF: AREA AND SKIRTED PCWSDAM TO DRTVE TO SERB TO REGISTER PROTEST ANI) DENAND ASSISTANCE IK GETTIKG TO POTSDM HOUSE. LT ZHELXNOV AND COL GRLSHELL WERE OUTSIDE SERB AQS, ANI SAID TmY WERE AWAITIKG THE POTSDAM CWMAh-DANI' TO REPORT ON THE SITUATION. AFTER TEN ATJhmES WAIT, COT, SKOWRONEK DROVE TO POTSDAM HOUSE AGAIN AND FOUKL) TKE MOB DISPERSED, TRE FLAGPOLE BROKEN DOWN AKD AMERTCAFI PJAG DRAPED ON OVERTURNED l!lSSION SEDAN, ALMOST ALL WINDOWS 1N TFE HOUSE WERE BROKEN AED GRFEX PAIhT WAS SPLOTCHED ALL OVER FRONT OF THE BOUSE. INSIDE, THE POTSDAR ROUSE SHOWED SOW33 FURNITURE DAMAGE:. BASEMENT KTTCIEN Ah3 GROm FLOOR RmZS SUFFERED MOST. A/lC VOSS ANTI EAST GERKAN EKPIOYERS TOOK REFUGE ON TOP FLOOR AhTD KBRE PI" IKJUHED. TTE FLAGS WERE RECOVERED AND "RE STGNS TAKEN DOWN AND DRIVEN TO BERIAIN BY CIiIXY, USMLM. PHOTOGRAPHS WERE TAKEW Ah?) ARE RRING PROCESSED. CHIEF, IfSMLM IS AVAIL- ABLE TO DELIVER ANY PROTEST REQUIRED. 7. CONF XU 406-65 DTD 0119452 65. FOLLOW- ING XS DETAILED ACCOUNT FROM USMlM DRIVER, A/lC VOSS, OF MOB ACTIOK AT PUl'SUAV IIOUSE. RE WAS OYLY US PERSOKhrE'L 13 IIOIJSE AT TIHF: TTm. IT STARTED AT APPROXIMATELY 1645 IIOUHS DEMONSTRATORS APPROXIHATELY TOO, ALL AGES, KALR AMI FEKALE, NOTICED YO TO 15 SXGYF-UANEERS . DEMONSTRATORS YAU PAIrtT YTTH TEE:M, YARCIIED AROWD TER FL>GPULE, SINGING "AMI GO IIOHE" AND TIBN BEGAN TRE DPSOEDER. SEVERAL PEOPLE FERE bUSP TAKING PICTURES. THEY WEKT ALL AROUND THE BUILDING, BREAKING WINDOWS. AFTER VOSS WENT WSTAIRS, HE HEARD THEM RREAKIKG IhTO THE HOUSE AND COMPLETING THE VANDAL- ISM. THE DESTRUCTION TOOK ABOUT 45 MINUTES FROM BEGIhWXNG TO TIME OF DEPARTURE. UNDETERMINED NUMBER SCALED THE WALLS AND GOT ON ROOF, AND PULLED DOWN FLAG. CROWD BROUGHT IN THREE HOSES AMI LET THEM RUM, ONE IN DOWNSTAIRS RW.S AND IN BASEMENT. EAST GERMAN PHONE AMD POTSDAY GROUND LINE DESTROYED. CROWL, USED BRICKS AROUND FLAGPOLE TO THROW AT WTNllOWS. BmH COOKS WERE SEW UPSTAIRS, ONE MAY TRIED TO ENTER Vm3' RmAND WAS UNSUCCESSFUL. VOSS PUSHED HIM OFF TFTE ROQF, W'ZlEN CROm BEGAN DREAKIHG WINDOWS, !WE COOKS CALLtEU THE VOPO'S. TOWARQS BPJn OF DEMONSTRATION, VOSS HEARD YcrPO LOUDSPEAKER. AFTER IT WAS OVER, APPROXJMA'PELY 30-35
30 VOPO'S WERE: AT GATE AREA, PREVENTING REENTRY. TlERE DIDN'T SEEM TO BE AWY DRSXGNATEJY &EAr)EB OR LRADERS*
8. CONF MU1 407-6s DTD 012030Z 65. FOLLOW- ING SLOGAKS FERE PRXNlED ON CAFDU0A.W PLACARDS BANNER ON WOODEN STAFSS TMPLANTED Zpr' FLOWER PEOT SURROI54DLNG FLAGPOLE IN FRONT QF POTSD.AM MOUSE: "VIET KAM TO THE VIETKAMESE, USA WAR IN VIET PJAM TS YURDER UF WOXEh' AND CHILDREN, USA GET OUT QF VlET NAM, NEGOTXATXONS XNSTEAD OF MURDER, HAPV'DS QFF VIET NAM, USA EURDERERS GET OUT OF VIET NAhi, HANDS OFF VIET KAM. " RZCOMNEWD PROTEST FROM GER 0'MEkRd TO CINC GSFG. NOST RAPED WOULD BE MESSAGE DELIVERED VERBA1,I;H BY CHIEF USYLM TO CHIEF SERE,
31 32 On the night of 1-2 June, a new US flag and a flagpule were obtained in West Berlin and taken to Potedam. There, in front of the badly damaged Mission house, in tho midst of the rubble from the riot, Airman Yoss and three USMM officers hoisted the American fXag to the strains of the Star Spangled Banner, played through a loudspeaker. This manffesta- tion of patkiotism and respect for She flag was widely acclaimed, and several letters were received by USMLM from individuals and organizations In tho 1:nftcd Statcs, who felt a measure of pride in this act of American defiance In a communist country,
Senator Yarborough of Texas was sufficient- ly impressed that he procured and sent to USHLM a flag that bad flown over the US Capitol. Senator Yarborough wrote: "This flag is to replace the flag that was destroyed by a mob so that the United States Nilitmy Liaison Mission czn continue to fly the flag of freedom. The courage and vzlor whtch Amerfcans like yourselves display daily in our worldwide struggle for peace is commendable, and I wish for you every success in your continuha efforts to promote and strengthen our American way of life abroad."
33
This flag was raised with appropriate ceremony on 6 October 1965, at which time Airman Vosa was awarded the Airman's Medal for his beroXsm in slnglehandedly defending the USMLM Potsdam fnatal- lation. On New Year's Day €966, Specialist-4 Glasscock received the equivalent Soldier's Medal for his bravery and skill in driving through the communist mob to re- inforce the Potsdam house. VI X I (S) INTELLIGENCE ACTIVITIES : A. (S) COLhECTIOK OPERATIONS iN EAST GERMANY: 1. Allied Cooperation. a. General: The combined efforts of the British, French and American Military Liaison Missions continued to produce a major share of the military intelligence obtained in East Germany. Co- ordination among the three Allied Mlssions made it possible for cach of the Allies to receive reports from an average of six reconnaissance teams in the Soviet Zone at any given time, rather than the two or three that any one Kission could maintain there for an extended period, b. Planning and Coordination: The three Chiefs of Mlsslon and their Operations Officcrs meet quarterly to discuss mutual problems and to agree on a common policy, Eased on this guidance, the Operations Officers meet wcoklp to coordinate activi- ties for the coming week. These meetings are invari- ably held in a spirit of complete cooperatlon and mutual trust, and in spite of the co-equal status of the three Chiefs, there is never fundamental disapree- ment on solutions to common problems, c, Reporting: Teams of all three Mlssions returning from operational trips stop at the USMLM Ecrlin installation immediately upon their return to West Berlin, They prepare a tthiphligktt~ report (in triplicate) which describes tbe most significant observations of current intelligence value. One copy of this report is sent to each of the Allied Missions, These "hfghlights" form the basis of the daily teletype message sent to USAREUR and USAFE and distributed locally to various intelli- gence agencies in Berlin, Copies of the detailed written intelligence reports nre distributed among all Allied MBissFons, and are forwarded to thefr respective headquarters,
2. Obstacles to Collection.
a. Permanen? Restricted Areas: The PRA map issued the Allied Missions on 15 February 1964, which denies apprnximatelp one-third of the Soviet Zone to Mission travel, remained in effect throughout 1965, Whfle this effectively prohibits observation of installations within the PRA, the units stationed there are frequently seen en route to training areas or participating in exercises, (See Annex D) . b. Temporary Restricted Areas: In 1965, GSFG imposed twelve TRA's on the Allied Missions, an fncrease of two over 1964, These TRA's covered ma- neuvers and exercises, and prohibited entry fntu the areas for perlods varying from 3 to 19 days. An added restriction to that normally included in TRA's appcared in TRA 12-65, which screened the Warsaw Pact exercise "October Storm", when autobahns within the TIZA were denfed to Mission travel. This Q~Wrestriction was vigorously protested by the three Chiefs of the Allied Missions, but the restrict ion was not revoked. USAREtlR retaliated by including autobahns in a sub- sequent TRA imposed on SFiUA-F, c. Mission Restriction .Signs: The number of signs forbidding passage by Allied Mission vehicles has continued to increase, until now there are estimated to be more than 3,000, Hast of the recent: additions are of East German, rather than Soviet, origin, Frequently, they appear to be design- ed as much for harassment as to protect military installa- tions from Mission observation.
d. Surveillance: During most of 1965, surveillance was not an acute problem except during the periods when a TRA was imposed. At these times, USMIgi reconnaissance teams were "tailed" by MFS agents in high-speed West German Yercedetj and FMW's. However, armed with nwe skilled drivers, better knowledge of the terrain, and Tugged American cars, the WSMLM teams were usually successful kn eluding the "tails".
.> ... Late in 1965, all three Missions were subjected to well-organized passive surveillance. This was carried out by low-powered East German cars, equipped with two-way radfos, operating in packs, These ve hiclee were dif f icul t to discover bec awe they blended fnto the normal civilian traffic, and their radfo communication made evasion difficult, In one case a reconaaissancs team identified 30 vehicles in n single survcillance pack.
3, Incidents and Detentions, In 1965, USHLM was Involved in 9 1 ncidents and 23 detent ions. This compares to 8 incidents and 36 detentions in 1964, The number of lnc Idents rema fncd relatively constant. Analysis of these is not particularly significant, due to tho fact that they are more or less accideneal in nature and it is not posskble for USMTA to prevent them. Further, it is difficult to accurately define what constitutes an incident I since the causes of situations leading to incidents dlffer greatly. The decrease in detentions is probably due to USMU having more experienced personnel in 1965 than in the previous year, when there was a large turnover in reconnaissance off fcer personnel. Also, a more sophisticated approach to intelligence col- lection activities cont hued to be developed, By far the most alarming aspect of a comparison of detentions in 1964 and 1965 fs in the nationality and type of the personnel causing the detentions, In 1964, there were 31 instances in which the initial apprehension was made by the Soviet military personnel, and 5 when East German military or police personnel caused thc detentions, In 1965, the proportion was reversed, with only 7 apprehensions by Sovfcts and 16 by East Germans, These figures ciearly show the in- creasing interference caused by the Rotst Germans, particularly the VOPO's, Despite the smaller total number of detentions in 1965, if this trend toward East German Involvement should continue, tbe implications could be serious, since the MFS and VOPQ' Y are far better organized and equipped to interfere with the USMU! intelligence collection effort than the Sovfct Army. The most serious incident in 1965 occurred near Gotha on 21 September, when a Soviet truck forced a USWILM vehicle off Lhe road, causing an accident which severely injured both the alrivcy and officer, The I3SMLM reconnaissance team was
39
...... - ., ., .-
departing the area of the Gotha SAM ajte, after having made an observation of that installation. A Soviet truck turned wide into the fntersectfon and proceeded north up the road on which tbe USMLM vehicle was traveling South. The truck pulled across the road in an apparent attempt to halt the USMLM carc The Mission driver attempted to go around tho Soviet truck and slid off of the right shoulder, - -
down an embanbent, end crashed hto a culvert at the intersection, In spite of the fact that both USMLM team members were wearing seat belts, their heads hit the windshield and instrument panel, causing serious facial injuries,
The Sovists took both of the injured men to a Soviet dispensary and then to the East German Regional Hospftal in Gotha, where they underwent emergency surgery. The Soviets promptly informed WS?JLY in Bwlin of the accident and witkin 8 few hours two WmnY-
Missdon offfcera were at thc hospital. An East German nurse gave them the personal art-cles of t ne injured men, including three rolls of exposed film, the officer '8 notebook, and GSFG passes, She had apparently retrieved and held these articles with- out knowledge of the authorities. The two KSMLM officers then went to the scene of the accident,
in
where they recovered the cameras, lenses, maps, and binoculars which had been in thc car. Someone had taken the film from the cameras, which fortunately contained only unexposed f flm. Chief IfSMLM visited the injured men each day until 25 September, when the USMU1 officer and drives were evacuated by US Army ambulanca to West Berlin from where they were flown directly to Wiesbaden for further treatment, The offlccr was released after three weeks, and the driver after six weeks, Both returned to full duty with thc Mission. At Christmas, Chief USMLM and the in- jured officer returned to Gotha and presented gifts to the doctors and nurseB, alld left large cartons of fresh fruit for the children's ward nf thc hoepital. This gesture of appreciation and good will deeply touched the East Germans and refnforccd the favorable imprcsslon they had gained of USNLM and Americans in general
4, Withdrawal of Accreditation, In the fall of 1985, the Soviets in effect declared two USMLM officers persona non grata. They refused to reissue accreditation to Najor Thompson, and a short time later, requested that Lieutenant Colonel Swenson be rel-teved of his duty as a Soviet-accreditsd liaison officer. ln both cases, the Soviets alleged that the USYLM officers had been guilty of disregard of restrictions pXaced on the Missions. Chief USMM vigorously protested this extreme action, but the Soviets refused 30 modify their pasition. B. (5) OBSERVATIONS IN EAST GERMM: 1. Soviet Ground Forces, In 1965, train- ing in GSFG followed the now familiar pattern. The year began with company and battalion level training, which followed the indivfdual and small unit training conducted in the last months of 1964. Uuring the first part of the year, there were many sightings of specialized training for those troops requiring technical skills, such as engineers and communica- tions specialists, although flooding of East German rivers hampered bridging training. The training program progressed rapidly to the point where GSFG was able to conduct an inter-amy exercise in April, in conjunction with at least one East German Army division. This exercise, which blocked the Helmstedt autobahn, was timed to coincide with the meeting of the West German Bundestag in West Berlin. Training continued normally throughout the summer, with division and amy level exercises occurring periodically. CBR training received continued emphasis, and sightings of decontawfnat ion vehicles were more common, The much-publicized fall Wa~saaPact maneuver, wh-lch was expected to culminate the training year, proved to be more Qf a demonstration and exercise in political propaganda than one in military training. GSFG con- t inued to replace obsolete equipment gradually through- out the year. The quantity of T-62 tanks observed was approximately double that seen in 1964, and the 122 mm Gun-BowfCzervM3963 appeared in increasing numbers, New wheeled vehicles, GAZ-66 and ZXL-130, were intro- duced in varfous configurations. SAGGER anti-tank missiles made their appearance late in the year, although in limited numbers. An FMLM team photo- graphed the importation of new 40-round 115 nm~ rocket launchers, mounted on URAL-3?5's, and a train carry- ing KENNEL Cruise missile launchers and associated equipment was seen near FaFkenberg, On the negative s5de, the expected quantity introduction of the 8- wheeled armored personnel carrier, BTR-6OP did not materialize. 'In general, GSFG remained in 1965 a highly-mobile, combat-ready force, prepamd to fight in a nuclear as well as am-nuclear environment, 2. Soviet Air Force, The 24th Tactical Air Army continued to maintain an affective, -11- trained and modern posture, Equipment improvements were not IS notable as io preceding years, although conversion of the Zerbst air defense regiment from FARMER to FISHBED D ahwraft vas almost complete by the end of the year. me Parchim ground attack regiment received its full complement of FIlTERS, although one squadron of FRESCOS was retained.
The first 12 FISHBED F aircraft ever observed johed the Wittatoclr air defense regiment In late August, Deployments of regiments to natural surface airfields ere noted on several occasions, and deployments from om base to another took place during the Berlin harassment in the first week of April and during the Warsaw Pact maneuver "October Stor"'. The principal technical observations during the year conf krmed a bomb bay and internal weapons carpging capability in the BREWER aircraft, and established that FITTER air- craft can operate from natural surfacn airfields,
46 3. Soviet Naval Forces, Soviet naval observations weFe-k-stricted toeport of Sassnita by the PRA exten~ingalong the Baltic coast. As in tlie past, '*SSO-l" class patrol craft (submarine chasers) were observed. The absence of Soviet naval vehfcular traffic and sailors on liberty in Sassnitz leads to the assumption that this port 5s used only during de- ployment exercises or that only a very small detach- ment of the Baltic Fleet is based here on a permanent basis. 4. East Geman Ground Forces, In 1965 the East em" Army continued to improve in both equipment and professional competence. Except far his doubtful political reliability, the East German soldier, in the opinion of USMLM observers, is now on a par with his Soviet counterpart. In sme area^, such as initiative, soldierly bearing, and equipment maintenance, he is superior to the Soviet. East German Army units, at least up to regimental level, appear to be equal to comparable Soviet units in combat effectiveness,
The 1965 training program folluwed the pattern established in previous years, with two cycles, one in the winter and me in the summer, to accommodate the semi-annual receptfon of draftees, The winter cycle built up to the joint Soviet-East German maneuver in early April, and the summer cycle ended in the Warsaw Pact exercise "October Storm", The 8th Kotorized Rifle Division moved major elements from Raegen Island to new hame stations in the vicinity of GoXdbcrg, New equipment seen in the East German Srmy included the XU-23 anti-aircraft gun, the ATS-59 prime mover, and the ZXL-130 decontamination truck,
48 It is noteworthy that these new Soviet-manuf actured items: have been issued ta the East German Amy, and have not been seen in GSFG. Throughout the year, vehicle modernization continued, particularly in the replacement of T-34 tanks by T-54's.
While the six East German divisions have advanced tcchnlcally, the individual soldier's lack of enthusiasm for the regime makes their.battle potential questfcnable,
49 5, East German Air Force. Modernization of the air defense capability continued. Early in the year, A3r Order of Battle established FISHBED D aircraft at bfarxwalde airfield, which lies deep in the Permanent Restricted &ea. Since then, this type aircraft has been observed at Cottbus airfield. Tho fighter wing from Pecnemuende deployed to Tutow in bfarch and remained there unt iX December, wh3 le runway repairs reportedly took place at its home base, During this timc it also converted from FRESCO to FISHBED C aircraft. East German FISIZBED aircraft were observed operating from Fittstoek Sovtnt airfield in September, and from Eoethen Soviet airfield during "October Storm". The first MOhGOL aircraft in the East German inventory was seen In Karch at )Mubrandenburg.
6. East German Naval Forces. As in previous years the port of Sassnitx afforded the only siEnificant naval observations. Periodic sightings of "RIGA XI" class destroyer escort6 (DE) tends to confirm the holding of the East German destroyer force rat tbis port., In addition to the above, "HABXCHT" class fleet mine-sweepers and "ROB'BE'~ class LST's were sighted along with service vessels such as nYTM" class harbor tugs.
50 C, (5) CHRONOLOGICAL SUMMARY OF SXGNIFICAHT OPERATIONAL ACTIVITIES IN 1965: 1. Winter. The first three months of the year offor the mLfficultles for USMLM rccsnnais- same tearas, and are usually the least productive from an intelligence collection viewpoint, Short hours af daylight, bitter cold, fog, and snow-clogged roads and trails combined with the relatively low level of training in communist forces at this time of the year to make winter a frustrating period. However, the frozen terrain and lack of foliage offered possibili- ties for observing some areas that are inaccossible in the summer months, Tn February, GSFG received a new Co”ander-i3-Chie%, when General of the Army KQSbevOy replaced Ccneral of the Army Yakubovsky.. The new CinC is a blunt, unpolished, outspoken officer who previously served as the Deputy Comand- er, GSFG, from 1955 to 1957. The 800th Anniversary Leipzig Fair opened concurrently with the heaviest snow storm of the year, and gave WSHLU an opportunity to observe and report on the technical achievements of thc Communist bloc.
51
. .. . SECRET
ar January: The year began with
GSFG moving into small unit training, having cm- I pleted the individual and spechlized training pbases for the fall inductees. By the end of the month, observations of battalion movements and field train- ing ac f: ivities Rere f rilfrly common * River-cross ing exercises were observed on the Elbe at Elster-Gallin and Bandau. These included both tank snorkeling and engineer bridging training. The East German Army followed a similar pattern, but with less Emphasis on crossing water obstacles. There was SC" evidence of combined GSFG-EGA training, in that Soviet and East German troops were observed training in the same general areas. For the first ttmc since 1960, no TRA was Imposed on Mission travel in January, although temporary signs and security posts were e6 tablhhed in the area bomdcd by the Rathenow, Neurupp5n and border PEA ' se A comprehensive study, based on numerous obBervations of the use of tank turrent trainers fn GEFG, was prepared and forwarded, and
52 the first sighting of R-400 radio relay equipment with twin whip antennas mounted on the parabola was made.
53 h. Febrna~p: The normal training cyc1.e in GSFG continued, progressing from battalion to division level, while that of the East German Axmy attained regimental level. The year's f irat Temporary Zestricted Area IAmncx E) was imposed on UiSMW: from 30 through 20 Fe'kruary, "h2s TRA denied almost the entire southern half of East Germany to Allied Mission travel, and probably covered division-level training o€ Soviet forces, and a corps level Glilitary District 111) Sast German exercise, A USPIEM team observcd a Soviet division move out of t'ie Jueterbog PRA and conduct a night crossing of :.'*a Rlbc at Elster-Gallin. Over 1,000 vehicles were SCGA OR this exercise. l:SXlJ! identified a new Stats Reserve POL Depot at Zirtow, and descriptive reports were submitted on the new tank range at Goldberg, and training maas near lRrs ndenburg and Gardelegen.
54 C. March: In GSFG the normal train- ing roiltine continued. Twentieth Guards Army con-- ducted an intra-army PTX, while in other armies lower level field training and firing exercises were carried out. In addition to the normal order of battle reporting, USELM observed night tank firing at Dallgow-Doebcrftz, and a Soviet electronics column practicing defense aRainst a gas attack while on the march. Motion pictures were made of Soviet radar (Rar Tmk and Sponge Cake) in operation. Two TRA’s were imposed during the month: 15-22 March and 26-31 March.
Early in March, another intelli- gence activity reported a 1 arge number of bulldozers assembled in the Rusendorf training area, Thc location of these tractors, just south of the Berlin- HeImstedt autobahn, and only 20 kihmeters from Berlin, coupled with East German threats over the impending Tkst German Bundes tag meet.ing in West Berlin, gave rise to considerable high-level appre- hension as to their purpose. A USMLM officer pene- trated the training area in Bncp snow during a
55 blizzard which drove the sentry from the guard tower, and photographed a group of more than 75 new civilian East German bulldozers, A BRIXMIS team entered the area five days later and determined that the tractors had been built at Brandenburg and had Spanish shipping instructions. They were presumably for export to a Spanish-speaking country. Thus, the mystery of the tractor concentratton was solved, and possible serious implications dissolved, The annual Leipzig Technical Fair provided a change of pace, and USMU! personnel visfted the fair daily. A total of 1133 photographs, brochures, and technical pamphlets were acquired and forwarded,
56
2. Spring, Along with thc! normal. rain and mud, the secondquarter of 1965 brought USKLY some of the most interesting sfghtfngs of the year. The activities associated with TRA 5-65 and the joint GSFG-EGA "Liberation Day" parade created unusual opportunities for the observation of Soviet and East German techniques and equipment. The river-crossing exercises usually cenducted in the spring were not held due to flooding of the crossing sitcs,
58 cl. April: In April the Allied Missions were subjectcd to the most intensive restriction and harassment of the yon. TIiA 4-65 was imposed 1 through 3 AprilL, and was used to cover preparat 1 ons for the joint GSFG-EGA exercise hold during the period of TRR 5-65, 3-10 April. This exercise, the largest of the year, involved elements of at least €4 GSFG divisions, 1 East Gcrman dtvision, and airborne units from the Soviet Union. The maneuver was centered in the area between l3erTin and Helmstedt and apparently was planned as a joint exercise dkrected against a possible avennr! of attack by HAT0 forces along the Helnstedt autobahn, The Sovfet and East German forces first: assumed a defensive role, and then launched a counterattack westward. Tbis cxercfse had political as well as military significance, since it was obviously timed as harassment fn retaliation for holding tke 7 April session of the West German Bundestag in West Berlin. For much of the period, 1JSLI.B and the Allied Missions were f nrciblg prevented f ram regular access to thc autobahns, even though they were not included in the TRA, In spitc of the obstructions placed in thc path of the Missions, much valuable information was gained. A USMIX team observed the move-out of the East German 1st Riotorfeed Rff le Mvision; a BRIXMXS team watched the westward move- ment of tho Soviet 19th Motorized Rifle Division; and FNUT observed major elements of tho Soviet 14th Guards Motorized Rifle Division returning to their home station. A USMLM liaison officer, travcling in his private vehicle en route to and frnm Rremorhnven, submitted the bast accurate eyewitness detailed account of what was happening militarily in the z”. visible from the IIclmstcdt autobahn; this while moat Mission vehicles were being pursued and blockaded.
A USMLk: team penetrated Alt tannewitz Soviet airficl d during the exorcisc and found the RREWER light bomber regiment from Worneuchen had been deployed there, The weapon-carrying potential of the BREWBR aircraft had long been a matter of debate among intelligence analysts who differed on the existance of a bomb bay. A USMLM officer was able to secure panoramic photographs uf the Alt LonnewFta,
s9
...... -. .- flight line whtch clearly showed BREWERS with bomb bay doors open, thus settling the dispute. In addition, all three Nissions made many sightfngs of smaller units and equipment lnfrcquently seen in the open. The April exercise demonstrated that even against near-maximum security measurcs by the Soviets ana East Germans, the coordinated efforts of the three Allied Missions can produce suffjcicnt hard intelligence information to determine the scope of the exercise and the extent of troop participation,
60 Late in the month, the Sovjets and Past Germans began assembling equipment at Schoenewalde Airfield in preparation for the 8 Kay "Liberation Day" parade in Enst Berlin. This in- cluded large numbers of missiles, rockets, and other advanced weaponry, Rehearsals for the parade wore held on the West Ring autobahn with few observers except the uninvited "guests" fkom IJSULM and the other Allied Missions. b. Yay: The 20th dnniverc%y of the "liberation" of East Germany was celebrated wRi th a joint Soviet-East German parade in Ebst Rerlin on 8 Bay. USMLM reconnaissance teams escorted the Soviet parade elements from Schoenewalde to East Berlin, and after the parade, watched them go home. In addition to parade activity, normal division-level training was observed throughout East Germany. Soviet and East German training areas at Guestrow, Werder and Goldberg were visited andckscribed in detail, The 8-wheeled APC, BTR-GOPK, was seen in East German hands for the first time, On 28 Mag, Reinsdorf natural surface air- field was observed occupied by the FISRRFD I7 air defense regiment from Merseburg . Jn May, USMLM completed a three- month prnjpct of reconnoitering most of the principal roads in East Germany for the National Tntelligence Survey. Detailed informat ion on road widths sur- faces, curves, gradients and obst:aclcs was submitted. IIYA evaluated these reports as of great value.
62 c. June: Observations in June in- dicated that the normal training programs for GSFG and EGA were being carried out. The sixth and seventh '17tA's of 1965 werc .imposed, Both of them probably covered command post exercises; the farmer B GSFG exercise, nnd the latter an RGA CPX. The soviet sub-caliber tank range at Kroschlendorf and the East German tnnk-inf antry range near Brandenburg were visited, their facilities photographed, and the training nethods described. The first report on tbe construction of the now major FOL depot at klarksuhl was submitted. East German naval vessels were ubserved at Sassnitz and Soviet T-54's were seen undergoing snorkelling training at Leissnitz. 3. Summer. hrmer weather and long hours of daylight pro7EZZI-a bettor training cnvironment for the communist forces and better conditions for hlissl on observaf: ion and photography. Yajor training areas were almost continually occupied, and flying activity was at a high level. A major exercise tools place in August, The general higher tempo of activity enabled USMX to make many significant sightines nnd zc qui sit ions.
a, ,July: Soviet and Rast German field training was marked by a skgnificznt increase in river-crossing exercises, This phase of training had apparently been postponed due to the molonged perjod of high water on the rivers and streams of East Germany. A rare sighting of Soviet tactical gipeljne was msdc near Elster-Gallin. Close-up photographs of the SPONGE CAKE height-finding radar were made,
, ^.
85 A significant acquisition was made when the FOL con- sumption record for a tank company was found in the Leissnitz training area. The first sighting of a Pendel train was made, marking tho beginnfng of the Soviet troop’ rotation program for 19635, A combhation micropboce-headset was “liberated” from a Soviet R-104 radio in the. Eisenach training area (see Section VIII, paragraph DS}, and the new artillery tractor, ATS-59, was photographed in East krmany for the first time. The Eernburg, 3AN unit deployed to the Cochstedt air- field, an6 w’as observed by the Allied Missicns. Close- up ground photographs were obtained of the FANSONG E SAM fire control radar, which proved of great interest to technical analysts.
b. August: This was probably the most productive month of the year for USXLM, The most important training activity was a GSYG-level field training exercise which took place under the cover of TRA’s 10 and 11. In spite of the THd’s, and greatly increased surveillance and harassment by Soviet and East Cernan secirrity elements, reconnaissance teams of USMU: and the Allied Miss4ons were on the road 24 horzrs a day throughout the perrod, observing and se- porting major movements and troop dispositions connect- ed wtth the maneuver. Prior to this large-scale exercise, the East German Army conducted a probable
66 CPX 'in the southeastern part of the Soviet Zone, which was screened by TRA 8, There was no apparent connection between thc two cxc-rciscs. Aslde from this mafleuver activity, training was at a law ebb, as unFts were preparing for the exercise early in the month, and afterward were engaged in weapons and equipment maintenance. In addition to observing this exercise* activity which dominated AugusZ., USMLM was @$Weg*ul in grodiaclng many other significant items of intelligence, USXLM personnel observed a tack- infantry combat coiirse in operation at Skabyberge , and in the process nearly became a target as the Mission car became bogged down in the impact area, and was being hastily winchcd out as the live-firing tank-infantry team approached. “Aerial photos‘* were taken of an unidentified installation at Soollichau. (This operation is described in Section VLII, para- graph D3). Construction of a new State Reserve POL Depot was reported near Schwcrh. A map overlay was recovered from a Soviet division or army command post area which depicted nuclear strikes against “enemy” United States and West Geman divisions. Photos of the new Czech-built Tatra 813 truck were forwarded.
Heavy tanks, T-10 ‘8 and JS-2 ‘8, were observed out- loading from Riesa, %’he Kavy representative made a detailed reconnaissance of the river port f acflities In Dresden and Riesa’. A lJ$?,KM reconnaissance team observed and photographed two BADGER aircraft at Grossenhain Airfield. This was the first observation of BADGERS in the forward area slnce 29.61,
68 Late in the month a team obsevvcd 13 FISAREn aircraft at Wittstock Airfield. Analysis of photograpbs taken then revealed that these were a further modification of the aircraft with 23'5 more vertical stabilizer surface and a Side-Opmhg canopy. It has since been designated the FISHJ33ED F. As a further illustration of USKLM's varied activities, nersonality data was submitted on General Koshevoy , CIPrC, GSFG; Colonel General Ariko, Chief of Staff, Hq GSPG; and Identenant General Pstigo, Commanding General, 24th Tactical Air Army, as a re- sult of convcrsations whfch took place at the French recoption in Potsdam. c. September: Training in GSFG and the EGA progressed norma7 7 y t;iroughflrr-t: the month, A particularly good example of tri-Yissiun coordination occurred in the covsrage of the 10th Guards Tank Division' move to ktzlinger T-Jeide and subsequent return to Lnme station, At nbout 0230 on 20 Zeptember, the division begsn to move out of its caserns in KramFnite and Potsdam. By 0300 the Rritish and French Missions had been notified and three VSMLM. reconnais- sance teams were in tbe midst of tke activity, moving with the division into assembly arcas west of Potsdan.
After thc division halted, two of the USMLM teams retwnedl to Tiest Berlin to report, and were replaced by a BHlXKIS team. The third USMLM team remained with the division, tracking its subsequent movement into the Altengrzibow PRA on %be night of 20-21 September, and thenccl inP,o the ktzlinger Heidt? FRA on 21 September. On the night of 22-23 September, a British team escorted the division '6 wheeled vehicles from Letzlfnger Heide back to the Yotsdam area, and on 23 September thKErench Kission observed the tracked vehic- ning by rail. Throughout the exercise, stringent security measures were imposed by armed Soviet sentries, but through aggressive- ness 2nd coordination among the Allied Missions, the 10th Guards Tank Division was tracked all the way from Fotsdam to Letzlinger Reide and return, The Leipzllg Fall Fair was visited and 232 brochures and technical. pamphlets were for- warded.
t&eGhorcic6 exhibit at Leipzig Faitl. [U) Late in the month, the trafnfng area of Gross Rehnitx was penetrated and the first grmnd observat?"~of FROG training vas made. d de- tailed account of this action is given in Section VIIZ, paragraph D2, A BRIXMZS tour observed 11 FITTER ajrcraft at Bssslcbcn natural surface airfield in September. This was the first such observation and came as a considcrablc surprise since the FITTER had not previously been attributed the capability to operate from a natural "€ace field because of its weight. In checking out the airfield aftcr the cxercfsc, a USMU team found the grass surface in good condition, despite use durfng inclement weather. A subsequent British soil analysis indicated a plastic surface-hardening substance had been added.
4. Pall. The last quarter of I965 was ushered in by theWarsaw Pact exercise "October Storm" and a concurrent Army-fevel exercise in the area of Letzlinger Reidc whkh completed the training cycle. After the October cxercises, GSFG and EGA yeturned to the individual and small unit phase, and continued at this stage through November and December. The troop rotation prog~amproceeded normally throughout the late summer and fall as the Allied Mlssfons observed 37 troop trains, about one-third af the estimated total,
72 a. October: The month started WAth little training activity, as GSFG and the EGA made preparations for the much-heraldcd Warsaw Pact exe~c?se"October Storm" On 8 October, GSFG imposed TRB-12 on AllZed Mission travel. Tt covered the southern quartcr of East Germany, including the auto- bahns, and was designed to cover the Warsaw Pact exercise activity. Beforc the imposition of the TRA, USlLRZ observed senior officers from IIq GSFG assembling near Erfart There they received briefings on the exercise, For such a well-publicfzsd operation, the three Allied Nissjom saw disappofntingly Uttle move- ment into or out o€ the denied area, in spite of thc fact that a coordinated tri-Kission effort maintained continuous surveillance around the borders of the TRA. This lack of large scale sightings, coupled with Other fnformation obtained by ''clean-up" teams which covered the area after the lffting of restrictions, confirmed that "kto'ser Storm" WRS more of an exercise in political propaganda than fn combat training,
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. . .- .. . . - Aerial pnrticipation in the Warsaw Pact exercise was evidently conslderably 'nampercd by poor weather, principally morning fog and haze which did not d5ssipate sufficiently during the day. flever- theless, a Polish airborne division was transported to the mmeuver area by Suvie-t transport aircraft a All ground attack regiments of the 24th TAR but one deployed to bases close to the cxercise area, as f OllOrVS
arc Juterbog (FREsCOs) to SchlQthefnI Weuruppin (FRESCOS) to Heina 6~ossenhain(FETTERS) to Zerbst Finsterwaldc (FITTERS) to Cochstedt Rechlinlaerz (FITTERS) to Allstedt -?-+gf, Parchim (FITTXRS) remained at hnmc Is addition, elements of the SRLWER light bomber regiments at Finow and Werneuchen deployed respectively to Kmthen and Alt Lonncwitz. East German FISRBED D aircraft , presumably from Marxwal de were seen at Koetken, and East German FRESCOS, possibly from Drewitz, deployed .to Schkeuditz.
Based on inforrnat ion received frQn an East German Army defector, a USKLX team attempted to observe a FROG live-ffrfng exercise northeast of Rathenow. Unfortunately, when the team arrived in, the area the firing had already taken place a few dzys previously. Quite possibly, the defection of a member nf the unit had caused the schcdule to be advanced. Rowever, thc recmnaissance officer thoroughly photo- graphed the area of the firing, including the log pad used to support the launcher and the effect of the rocket’s backblast on the surrounding bushes and trees, He also gathered a sample of earth blackened
75 by the rocket’s firing, This was forwarded to the United States for chemical analysfs, in an effort to determine tho composition of Soviet solid rocket fuels. The Soviet Second Guards Army con- ducted a large scale exercise in the btelinger Hcide area concurrent with ’Wt ober St om”. This cxerc ise was exceptionally well covered by BRIXMIS and FMM, who bad rcsponsibility Tor that area under the co- ordinated tri-Mission operational plan. *-c The collectfon of technical in- formation continued unabated, in spite of the exercise activity, and excellent photographs were taken of BIG MESH, FLATFACE and SPOON REST radars.
b, November: "October Storm*' was followed by a November calm, as the tcmpo of Soviet and East German activity slowed to the pace of re- cruit trainixrg, Driver trafning columns were seen daily. Other specialized trairiing in communications and the service of crew-served yeapons was conducted in the vicinity of home stations.
71. c. lkcember : hw-love1 training con- tinued Into December, but some types of units, notably engineer and anti-aircraft, moved further afield from their home stations, Bridging training was conducted at the usual sites throughout the month. Training of 57 mm anti-aircraft gun batteries appeared to receive emphasis and progressed more rapidly than in 1964, as many of these units were seen en routc to OT fPom training areas, 1. USMLM Intelligence Reports state only what was Observed, and not bow tho information was ohtained. The prosaic language of the report often fails to indicate the difficulty involved in approach- ing a targat, the team's ingrnuity in overcoming obstaclos, or the ever-present threat of danger from armed comunjst military and police personnel. Some examples of the story behind the report will illus- trate the "tactics and techniques" employed on USMLM reconnaissance trips
79
... - 2. The Frog. The GSFG and East German ground nuclear threat is composed primarily of FROG and SCUD missile units, While these tactical missfles have been €requently seen in paradecjr, there was in- sufficient irmf ormation concerning the training of the units and the time and prcparation raquircd before launching, USMLM was requested to attempt to observe FROG training in ordcr to ffll $01110 of thcee signifl- cant intelligence gaps, Due to the extreme sensitivity af missile units, most OP them are located in PRA's, Among those units not in the restricted areas, it was decided to target ZI team against the Gross Rehnitz installation, which contained an East German FROG battalion, Gross Bchnitz wns selected for various reasons: it was fairly close to Potsdam, and could be reached quickly when favorable conditfons made the likelihood of success most probable. The in- stallatcon had been visited only rarely by any of the Allied Missions, and SO it might not be hyper- sensitive to Mission visits. It was located in a wooded area, which made a concealed approach possible, Finally, it w2s only a few kilometers from Route 5, a hkgh-speed, international highway, which allowed movement toward the target without arousing #uspicion and afforded rapid departure from the area, At 0300 on 28 September 1965, the team departed Potsdam house, and by 0330 it was concealed in the woods north of the Gross Ekhnitz installation. At first light the team moved into the edge of the training site north of the instal- lation, All trails and fire breaks leading into the training site were blocked with earth baryicadce, and a barbed wire fence surrounded the area. Unable to take the USMIX sedan further, the officer dis- mounted and proceeded on foot to make a detailed re- connaissance, At 0600 the sound of a tracked vehicle was heard, and the reconnaissance officer made his way through swamps and thickly reforested arcas in its dkrcction, At 0615, at the edge of a clearing approxfmatcly 80 meters In diameter, he came upon a FROG launcher with a YROG S missile, Having located thc area wherc traln%zlgwould probably bc conducted, he returned to the car and moved it 8s close as possible to the FROG'S location. Due to the waoded
80 terrain and the blocked trails, the car had to be left about a kilometer from the training area. Thc USMU officer, therefore, again left the car and driver, and taking hls kica with 135 mm Lens, moved back-to the -suspected training site. Hc took up an abe&va.tion post at the edge of the clearing opposite the FROG. The dense brush around the clcaring required him to select his OP just inside.,the brush line. Shortly the crew of the FROG launch8r arrived on foot, followed by a UAZ-69 with an officer passenger. The officer directed that the launcher bo moved, and the crew then turned it around and backed it in the direction Qf this USMU! officer, stopping about two meters short of hfw position. The crew then dismounted and went to the center of the clearing, about forty meters away, and the officer began to conduct training in orienting the rocket. Since his vision was obscured by the FROG launcher directly in front of him, the USMLM officer found it necessary to change hls locat ion. He stayed there for more than two hours, taking notes and photographing the training procedure and equipment, although he was less than fifty yards from the East Germans. The click of the camera shutter seemed to reverberate through the sm3l clearing Then, for no apparent reason, the East German officer startod wnlkfng in the direction of the American officer, who was lying prone in the bushes. Thc USYLIP. officer watched as the East Gernan, apparently unaware of the other's presence, approached. As he came to the edge of the clearing, the comunist officer looked down. He saw the USMLBb oP-FJ_cer,barely two maters away, turned, and emitted a terrified scream. His obvious state of shock gave thc Amertcan the few seconds he needed to escape. He leaped through tho brush until he found a trail, turncd and ran up the trail until he rounded a curve where he was aut of sight of his pursuers. Hc then turncd back lnto the brush, where, in the midst of the Emt German training area, uncertain of his exact location In relation to his car, and believing capture was imminent, he exposed his film and stuffed his notes into his combat boot, Ile made his way through the thick brush, running when possible, back in the direction of his car -- a kilometer away, Half-expecting to find the vehicle surrounded by angry East Germans, he was relieved to find it as he had left it. After reaching the vehicle, he fell ilnto the car, exhausted, and the skilled CSML51 driver made his way out of thc training area, along muddy forest trails To Route 5, Won without the photography to illustrate the report, the two hour observation served to provide first-hand observation of most sensitive weapons training. 3. The Aerial. Photog, A lTSWLM reconnais- sance tcam was targeted -to discover what it could about an anidentified inetallation deep in B forest near Soellfchau, Previous tours had photographed much of the perimeter, but because the terrain was flat and the interior of the installation thickly populated with vegetation, it was fmpossfble to gain a view of buildings and equipment and perhaps discover a clue to their function. The prospects for over- comfng this limit to observation were slight, but the team decided 50 make another try. Nerves were set a bit on edge when the tour discovered a Soviet security post on an ontrance trail to the forost, a site where Soviet actlvity does not normally occur. A rapid retreat and reconnoitering of the flacks of the post revcsled ther a transient Soviet column of cargo trucks had merely stopped in the Porest for lunch; it appeared safe to proceed once a by-pass route was located.
Luck prevailed in the approach to target area until the tour came on to a trail lead- ing along the perimeter fence. A glance down the trail through binoculars revealed an East German in uniform, approaching the team on a motor 'bike. The visual advantage of the binoculars gavo the tour a few socmda to react before the East German came close enough to rccognfee the USMM car, At moments 5uch 11s thiss, a raconnaissanee tcam must make a crucfal decision; to abandon the target or to try to evade and penetrate security measures. On this day the team drove into a side trail, let the East Gorman pass, and by a stroke of good fortunc noticed a fire tower extending up above the foliage.
82 Cautiously moving to the tower, the observer off her realizcd it stood about fifty meters from the installation fence and was unoccupied. The last 200-300 meters to the tower had to be made on .z foot because there was no passable vehicle trail. Again, tIiere was a desperate choice to be nade; to risk separition from the Hissio,r scdan and try to climb the tower, or Eo rctreat safely? Wtb either choice, the action had to be taken without delay. After a quick check through binoculars, the officer ran to the tower, Each step upitbe stairs brought mom tingling apprehension. Reachfng the top, ex- hausted, working with the camcra adjustments, the Mlssion officer heard B siren begPn to wnil. Below, in the midst of the complex of buildings, a vehicle moved at high speed, raising the possjbjlfty that the reconnaissance team had been discovered. The officer rapidly made a series of exposures without time to be concerned about light meter readings, abutter speeds or diapbram openings. Frecise details of photography can hardly be calcu- lated in such a predicament, but to neglect them entirely may deny the very object for which tkc risk was taken. Photopaphp completed, the reconnaissance officer climbed down the tower staircase. The ncrvous Mission driver sighed with relief ns he saw the team officer racing to the car. Success appeared within reach as the forost remained quiet and the siren within the instal- lation had not sounded again, The team druve away, somewhat shaken by the experlence, but with virtual aerial photos of the concealed installation, Such opportunities cannot of ten be foreseen, but alert and expcrienced USMLM driver-observer teams arc capa- ble of exploiting any security failurc which leaves a comunfst target exposed,
.. .. .
4. Tho Fix Eight. In the course nf a reconnaissance trip it was observed that the vicinity of the Tannenbcrg FLx E i giiz Id irection-f inder) site appeared deserted, Ry drilving over Sields, the team wzs able to approach to within thirty yerds of the equipment still apparently unseen. A closer approach by car was not attempted, because the route was blocked by a cabbage patch where the earth appeared soft, The Kission offlcer ran close to thc ZIL-157 electronics van and began photographing with a 200 mm lens. The tour’s presence was still undetected, and the team drlvcr toqk additional photographs with a 50 mm leas. Xo attempt was mzdc to enter the electronics van, since it was considered ranlfkly that it would be completely Ccscrted
85 After the sire hnd been photographed at ~U~OTD'LISangles from the ground, close-up phots- grnpha were taken from tho roof of thc cab of the East German VBII. Unfortunately, the noise and rockhg movement ryparcat ly dfsturbed the occupant of the vehicle and footsteps were heard inside. As the UBEL! team drove way, a sleepy and srrrprised East Gcrmzn soldiar stuck bis head, unbelievingly, uut of the vtln door, Routiue tzrgets scldom deserve this much risk, but outstanding photography WES made posslble by an unusual absence of East German security at an e lcctronics site. 5. Tho Headset, A Mission team approached the Wseaach tank firing range to find the range occugied and the barriers in plzcc on all roads lead- fng into the impact area. Armed Soviet guards normally are on duty at those barriers. At I315 huurs, the patrol spprozched a barrier and while scanning its im.?edfate vicinity thruugh binoculars observed what appcared to be a field radio antenna and headset. 30 Sovict guards were obscrvcd, so the reconnaissance vehicle was cautiously backed up to the embankment where the possible antenna and headset had bcon sighted. Upon reaching the other side of the embank", a R-104I3 radio was observed approximately 25 yards from the road. Kc> Soviet Kurds were seen. The Hissfon officer decided +o make an attempt to te- cover the radio duo Lo itrj higk priority on t.hc I2Si of wanted Soviet signal cquipmcnt. He ran up the bank and over to eEie radio, which was open and in an oper- athg position, grabbed the mdio (approximately 50 pounds) in one hand and the head set in the other, end atarted to return to the vehicle.
After running about ten yards back to the car, ho heard a Russinn frantically yeI.ling, "Stoi! Stoi:" (Stop! Stop!). Assuming that the Soviet soldier was armed, he dropped thr! rad30 and looked back to see who WRS shouting. ASoviot guard was excitedly running toward him and was about 40 ynrds away, He had come out of a group of bushes and the USKU officer saw that the guard was not carrying a weapon, so once more he pfcked up the radio and headed for tho car. The footing WSS very muddy and the officer fell as hc was running down the bank to the Mission secian. The radio slipped from his grasp and landed in front of the left front tire. Knowing that he did not have time to retrieve the radio, the officer Jerked the headset in an attempt to separate it from the radio, The , headset and attached microphone wiCh connecting wires came luose from the radio. The officer got up and, while running around the car, fe12 again In the mud and slid under his upen car door. He quickly got up and threw the headset onto the floor.
The Soviet guard, at the same moment, made a flying dive over the bank and seized his radio, \%en the Mission sedan started forward, the guard grabbed his radio and jumped to the side of the road. As the team departed the area, the speechless Soviet soldier was clutching his radio and clsscly examining it. He appeared too shaken to ascertain the Mfssion vehicle identity, and appearcd quite relievod to have almost all of his radio in his possession again.
87
.. -- - It is probable in this incldent, as In several ~fhefs,when Soviet and Xast German military personnel were cnharrassed at being taken by surprise, the matter was not reported to higher headquarters. In any event, none of these spectacular encounters resulted In Soviet protosts, even though many less scrims situations caused complaints to be lodged against "'offending" USMm officers.
IX. (U) GEh'ERAL IMPMSSIOHS OF EAST GERMANY A. (v) USML61 personnel, fn the course of their trips in the Soviet Zone af Germany have a continuing opportun5ty to observe conditions of life in that ' communist country, In gcncra'h, East Germany gives the impression of making progress economically, al- though the lag behind West Germany is still striking. B. (V) The number of automobiles on East German roads has increased noticeably over the year. In conjunctAnn with this, there are now many more Minol (the state oil monopoly) stations than previously, and the octane rating of the gasoline has risen slightly. However, except: for th~''Super Blau" gasoline, whlch js sold only for western currency, and only at a limited number of stations, the hest grade af Mfnol. is inferior to regular Western fuel. C. (U) There has been some slight improvement in the dress of the people, New luxury class hotels have been built, and Sherc is more opportunity for entertainment, although it appears that these improve- ments are more for the benefit of the "new class" than the average ~~~izen.Many food items, especially fruit, aye frequently in short supply, and fines are of ten seen in front of food stores.
I). (n) There has been no noticeable change in thc attitude of the population toward the regime. The Ulbricht government remains unpopular and represslvc. This feeling is clearly demonstrated by the friendly reception usuatly given to the Allied Missions, especAally by workers and young pcople. While tho East German peoplc may havc became restgned to their political fate, the vast majority
38 UM C LASS1F I ED
d!spl~yno enthwiasn for the ~e~jneand participate i R arty orgznizatiocs and activities oiily thraugh coerc toil or ~CQ~OLI~Cnecessity .
. . -cc
W NCLASSI F IED UNCUSSIFIED
In conformity with the provisions of Article 2 of the Agreement on "Control Nechanism in Germany", dated Kovember 14, 1944, ths. United States and the Soviet Comrr,andess in Chief of tbc zones uf Occupation in Germany have agreed to cxchangc Milltary Liaison Missions accredjted lo their staf€s in the zones and approve the following rcgttlations concerning tkse missions :
1. These missions are military missions and have no authority over quadripartite military govern- ment missions or purely military govsrmcnt missions of ezch respective country, either temporarily or permanently, QII duty in either zone. However, they wtll rendcr whatever aid or assistance to said mllitary government missions as is practicable. 2. Missions will be composed of ah, navy and army .representatives, There will be DO political representat ive.
3. The missions wit1 consist of not to exceed fourteen (14) officers and enlisted personnel This number will include all necessary technical personnel, office clerks, personnel with special qualifications, and personnel required to operate radio stations. 4. Each mission will be under the orders of the senior member of the mission who will be appointed and known as "Chief of the United States (or Soviet) Yil itary Miss1 on". 5. The Chief of the mission will be accrcdited to tho Commander in Chief of the occupation forccs, In the United States zone the mission wt11 be accredited to Commander fn Chief, United States European Command,
80 UPIC LASS IF 1 ED UN CLASS! Ff ED
fr, the Soviet zone the missIon will be ac- credited to the Commander in Chief of the Group of Soviet Occupational Forces in Germany. 6, Tn the Cnited States zone the Soviet Mission will be offered quarters in the region of Frankfurt. 7. Ln the Soviet zonc the United States Mission wfll be offered quarters at or near Potsdam. 5. In t@c United States zone the Chief of the 8oviot Mlcssion will cnmunfcwte with A/C of Staff, G-3, Unjtcd States European Command. 9. In tke Soviet zone the Chief of the United States Mission will communicate with the Senior off fcer of the Staff of Ctm”rnnder-in-Chief I 10. Ea.cb member of the missions will he given fdentical travel facilitfes to include identical permanent passes in Russian and English languages permftting complete freedom of travel wherever and whenever it will be desired over territory and roads in both sones, except places of disposition of milftarg units, w3 thout escort or supervision, Each tlme any member of Sovfet or United States mlssion wants to visit United States or Soviet head- quarters, military government offices, forces, units, mj1 itary schools, f actortee and enterprises which are under United States OF Soviet control, a carrespandlng request muat be made to Director, Operations, Plans, Orgaoization and Training, European Command, or Senior Offfcer, Ecadquarters, Group of Soviet Occupational Farces fn Germany. Such requests must be acted upon wfthin 21-72 hours. Members of the miasions are permitted allied guests at the headquarters of thc respective missions. 11, a, Each mission will have its own radio station for communication with its own headquarters, b. In each case couriers and messengers will be given facilities for free travel between the
91 W NCLASSI FIED headquarters of the mission and headquarters of their respective Commanders-tn-Chief These couriers will enjoy the same immunity which is extended to diplomatic couriers.
c, Each mission will be given facilit6es for telephone communication through the local tclcphono exchange at the headquartcrs, and they also w5ll be given facilities such as mcfl, telcFhone, telegraph through the existing means of communication when The members of the mission wfll be bravsling within the zone. In case of a breakdown 2n the radio instal- lation, the zone cummanders wlL1 Fender all possible aid and will permit teaporary usc of thcir own systems of communication, 12. The necessary rations, P.O.L. supplies and household servlces for thc xilitary miss4ons will be provided for by the headquarters to which accrodited, by method of mutual compensation in Icfnd, supplemented by such itom as doslred to be furnished by their own hcadquartcrs In addition the respectlve missions or fn- dfvidual members of the mlsfls~nsmay.purchase items of Soviet or United States origiii which must be paid for in. the currency specffled by the headquarters controlling zone whcra purchase is made, 13. Tho buildings of each mission wjll enjoy €ull right of extraterritoriality. 14, a, The task of the mission will be to main- tain Ilainon between both Commanders in Chlef and their staffs. b. In each zone the mission will have the sight to engage in matters of protecting the interests of their nat lonals and to make representations accord- ingly, as well as in matters of protecting thcir property interests in the zone whore they are located. They have a right to render aid to people of their own country who are YPsiting the zone where they are accredited.
92 W NCUSSE F E E 0 UNCLASSIFIED
15. This zgreement may be changed or amplif icd by mutual consent to cover new subjects wher. the need arises, 16, This agreement is written in Russian and Engl%sh Iangxag~sand both texts are authentic. 17. This agrocmcnt becomes va7 id when signed by l)eputy Commanders of United States and Soviet Zones of Occupation.
Lieu tenant -Ga nera I HUEBEE R Colonel-General HXL,XNIW Deputy Commander in Chfef, Deputy Comandcr rn Chlcf , Etisopean Command Chief of Staff of the G~Qu~of Soviet Occupation Forces 5n Germany
93 UN CLASS1 F1 ED CORRECTED COPY General Orders) 8 April 1947 Xumber 17)
L, Effective 7 April 1047, the US Kilitnry Liaison Misskon to the Commarider in Chicf of the Soviet Occupied Zone of Gemany is organized with station at Potsdam, Gesnany. 2. Personnel will be furnished by Headquarters, Office of llilitary Government for Gormany (ES), 3. Equipment will be requisitioned in the normal manner. The authority is Table of Allowanccs, Number 1205, this headquarters.
4. Initial rosters will be prepared in accordance wlth AR345-900, 22 May 1942, as changed by Changes Po 4, 22 June 1944. 5, This uait is assigned to Eeadquartcrs, European Comand, and attached to Office of Xllitary Government for Germany (US), to include personnel and administration. 6. Correspondence to the unlit will be addressed as follows: Chief of US Military Liaison lissfon to Commander in Cbiof, Soviet Occupfed Zono of Germany, Care CG, GMGUS, APO 742, US Army BY COMMAND OF GEEERAL CLIZY:
C, R. HUEBh'ER Lieutenant General, GSC OFF IC IAL : Chizf nf Staff /s/ Wm. E, Bergin /t/ W. E. BERGIK Brigadier General, USA Xd:utant General.
94 UNCUSSIF1ED
Adminis-
:.es s a ge IKJ 1
AN: 11 Off 23 EM Command ATCH: Navy - 1 Off ------Operational Control Air - 4 Off 5 EN
95 U N CUSSI FII ED TABLE OF DISTRIBUTION -RANK NME ARRIVED DEPARTED Col Slrowronelr, Paul G. Lt Col Callahan, Patrick 0. Lt Col Swenson, Shirl 11. (AF) Lt Col Balaker, Basil C. 15 Scp 65 Lt Col Fafr, bland 3. 22 Jun 65 Lt COl McKinney, Harold 1'. (promoted to Lt Col 29 Sep 65) Ma3 ox Fitaurka, Andrew, Jr. (Ap) 1 Sep 65 Ha jox Kelsey , Jesse T, $b,fW Turner, Frederick C. 3 Jul 65 Major Clayborne, hhn PS. (USMMC) 17 Jul 65 Major Bolte, David E, 27 Jul 65 Ma jor Harris, Richard L. I Jul 65 Haj or Killer, David C. &:ajor Thompson, Walter W, (AF) Major Broz, Alfons L. (AF) 8 Dec 65 Xajor Farrar, John E,, Jr. (promoted to Ir:a jor 3.9 ?lay 65) Maj ox Wan, William E. (promoted to Major 25 May 65) ?Saj or Kelly, Richard P, (prmoted to Major 9 h'ov 65) Capt Obuhanych, David E. 2 Juf. 65 (USMC) Cap t Heinc, Theodore C., Jr. (AF) Cap 1; Rogers, Jerome J. 7 Jun 65 E/Lt Kolt, George (AF) S Jul 65 DAC Fax, Mary €1. SGY(R9) lolfe, Paul J. (promoted to Sgt MaJ 7 Apr 65) MSG(E8) Miller, Joseph R, , Jr. MSG(E7) Brodt, Howard F. 1AF) MSG(E7) whiting, Phil3p D. (AF) (promoted to HSG 1_ Jun 65) YFC(E7) kiloreau, Ralph T.
97 U NCbASSIFt ED
...... - UNCLASSf FIED
RAEP’K NIUE ARR I “ED DEPARTED SFC(E6) Anderson, Lester F, 16 Jun 65 1 Aug 65 TSG(E6) Bandy, Max 3. (AI’) 27 Jul 65 SSG(EG) Krrtz, Renet J.J. CAF) 27 Yep 65 SSG(XG) IIzrWr, Charley D, 9 Apr 63 SSG(E:G) Xarner, Luther R. I Jr. SSG(E5) Hafle, Harry P. 9 Sep 65 SP (E6) Kezer, Richard II. {promoted to ‘ER 1 Nov 65) SGT(E5) Davis, Eknjamin C. 14 Aug 65 YGT(G5) Hurd, Francis G. (promoted to E5 1 hyr 65) SGT(R5) DeLuca, Richard J. (promoted to E5 9 Hov 65) SG’L(E5) Elam, Bobby Is. (promoted to Cpl 1 Aug 65; promoted to ES I bc 65) SI’ (E51 Carder, Uroy E, SI’ (ES) Greenstoin, Barry 2.7 Eov G.7 (promoted to 35 10 Jun 65) SP (E5) Stockton, Michael 5 Oct 65 SP (E5) Wmt, William E., Jr. Cpronoted to E5 1 Sep 65) SP (E51 Brown, Robert 15 Mar 65 SP (E41 Schulte, Gary !i. 21 Jul 65 YP (E4) ’l’ownsend, Floyd R, 6 I)ec 85 SP ($34) Wilson, Jon H. (promoted to E4 7’ Apr 65} SP (E41 Roberts, James C. 25 seg Cis SP (Ed) Dechert, 5tcv.o (promoted to E4 f s€?p e51 SP (El?) Glasscock, Lonnie I11 (promoted to E4 8 *t 65) SP (E4) PLilXippy, Robert C. 12 Fsb 65 (promoted to E4 1 Ikc 65)
(18 UPIC LASS IFI ED UMCkASSI FIED
?TAKE lntoniono, Jcmes 3. Prcider, WolfganE IAF) EQth, Robert 3. (hE') Vnss, Thomas L. (AF) (promoted to AIC I Jun 65) A1C Uoyd, Kend~11n, (AT) 25 May Ba5 (promoted to AX 1 Oct 65) PFC(B3) StcLly, Joseph, Jr. 12 Feb 65 PFC 1E3) Apel, Peter P, FFC 033) Achman, James A. PFC(E3) kwis, Buster G. 2 Eov 65 (prQmoted to E3 26 bc 651 PVT(E2) Watson, Frank K, 19 Rov 65 16 Dec 65
99
UNCLASSl FlED
...... - U tcI C LASS1F I E So
Colonel Skowronek Mirs Wax Cb-kef of Mission Secret arg
Lt Col Callahan Lt Col Swenson Capt Obuhanych , Deputy Chief of Chief, AF Element Chief, Navy Element Miserlan
100 V NCLASSI FILP UN C LASS1F I E P
OPERATIONS BRANCH
Lt Col YcKinney Operations Officer
Major Kelsey Asst Op Off
MSgt Whiting SSgt Warner Op Sgt - Air Asst Op Sgt
101 UN C LASS1F I ED LIAISON SECTION
hlaj RRTrtS Ria j F!f il.er Faj Thompson Army Ln Off Army Ln 9ff AI? Ln Off
Maj Farrar Maj Odom Capt ITcfnc Army Ln Off Army Ln Off AF Ln Off
Capt Rogers Lt KoXt Army Ln Off AF Ln Off
102 UN C LASS1F 1ED W NCLASS IB 1E P
POTSn AM T NSTALLAT I ON
SFC Noreau "IC
. .e"
Sp 6 Kczer SSgt Kutz Sp5 Stocfrton Sr Xnterpreter- Interpreter - Interpreter - Driver Driver Driver
5p4 mchert Sp4 Glasscoc k AIC Boyd Interpreter - Interpreter - Interpreter- Driver I)r iver Driver 103
UNCLASSIFIED Haj Ketly Production Officer PITOT0 LAB
MSgt Brodt Sgt Davis PFC hchman Pboto Lab Chief Photo Lab Tech Photo Lab Tech PUBLICATIONS
Bp5 Hurt Sp4 Phillippy Sp4 Stelly PFC Uwis French Linguist Reports Clerk Reports Clerk ReportR Clerk 104 UNCLASSIFIED UNCLASSIFIED
ADl! T NI STRATI W BRANCH
Maj Rolte Ad jut ant
VSgt Miller sgt Elam Sp5 Gorder ildmin MCO Supply Sat Motor Sgt
Sp5 Greenatein Sp5 Wilson AlC Kl02h PFC Ape1 Pinmnce Clerk Admin Clerk Admin Clerk-Ah Personnel Clerk
309
UN CLASS 1F I E Q w NCUSS6HED
MESSAGE CENTER - FILE ROmT
,-
sat L)eLuca Sp4 Roberts Msg Cen Chief File CJ.erk
COY M u?3 ICAT IOXS CENTER
Sgt Hurd Sp4 Townsend Com Cen Chief Comm Spec 7 Jan 65 - X:ceting at SERB (92RB request) to protest action of a UWLM officer in Fotsdam on 7 Jan 65 (Lt Cof Callahan). 15 Feb 65 - Meeting at; SXEB (SERB request) to transmit itcmizcd bill C1,240.20 DlI) for damage to control booth at Checkpoint: Xovaves (Bravo) overturned by a US truck on 20 Jan 65, The recent: assignment of Gen Koshevoy as CI'PTCSSFG, replacing Gen Yakubovskiy; the annual Washington's Birthday Ball plans (20 February) ; and minor administratjvc mattcrs related to this social function were also discussed, 39 Feb 65 - Meeting at SERB (SBHU request) to officially announce the departure of Gen Yakubovskiy, CINCGSFC, 27 Feb 65 - Meeting at SERB (USMLM request) to protest delay in exchange of accreditat ion for USVM off Jeer CLt Col Callahan) I 23 Mar 65 - Mccting at SERB (SERB reqiicst) Eo prosest actions of Wrlin Brigade personnel in West Rerlln (detention of Soviet military vehicle 18 Plarch In retaliation for detention of an American vehicle on 16 Atarch in vicinity of Ranorper Stsasse) , and ZTYhlLM personnel In East Germany (Lt Cal Swenson}, Chief USMM denred improper USMW actions in Soviet Tone and del i vcred protest against 11 7 cgal PO t ions of East German officers invalvcd in this incident. 24 Par 55 - Yeetlng at SREB (SERB request.) to protest actions of American servicemen in East Berlin on 23 #arch. (RC #GC) 6 Apr 65 - Meeting at YEW (VSMJ? request) to protest Interference with USMU! travel on autobahns In East Cesmanp. 23 Apr 65 - Meeting at SERB (USHA! request) to deliver reply from USCOB to C/S GSFG (re 18-23 March incidents) and to present payment of bill for damaged control bootk:, (Inf on" receipt was signed by I& Zkelanov). 5 May 65 - Meeting at SERB IUSMLM request) to deliver protest from C/S USAREUR to C/S GSFG (re dislodging of pin from flagpole in front of USMLM Potsdam house, causing both pole and US flag to fall on the ground). 10 Kay 65 - Meeting at SERB (USKLY request) to request information concerning an American citizen who allegedly was involved in a traffic accfdent in East Germany. 13 Yay 65 - Meeting at SERB (VSXLM request) to dellver statement from USCOB to Gen Ariko, C/S GSFG (re 8 May inciden-t: in East Berlin when Sovfet Sr Lt confiscated ff’lm and camera of U18 off fcer and EM]. 20 May 65 - Meeting nC SERB (SERB request) to deliver letter from CINCGEFG to CINCUSAREUR for further transmission by Chief USMLM. Official receipt for payment of bill for damage claimed from US Array truck collision with sentry shack on autobahn near Eabels- berg Checkpoint was given to Col Skowronek; payment had been made to SERB on 23 Apr 65. 31. May 65 - Meeting at SERB (SERB request) to present answers to questions asked by Chief USMW during previous meetings with SERB, (Camera incident was discussed first, and camera that had been taken from US so3dCer on 8 May in East Berlin was returned). Also, flagpole incident, demonstration at Potsdam house, and Zeipzig Incident were discussed. 1 Jun 65 - Meeting at SERB (USML?? request). Chief USMLM drove to SERB from UYUPotsdam housc and demanded assis tanee when East German rioters stoned his vehicle near entrance to Potsdam inst a 11at ion 5 Jun 65 - Meeting at USMLM Potsdam housc (SKRB request) to assess damages caused to USMM fnstal- latkon and property by Snst rerman riot of 1 June.
108 8 Jun 65 - Meeting at 'USWLM Potsdam house (SERB request). Cbief SERB desired to personally inspect damages caused to USBiLN; installation 2nd property by East German riot of 1 June. (CINCUSAREUR protest of riot still unanswered and Chief USlIA made no inquiry eoricernjng this aspect of the incident, per instructions f PMR DCS T I USAREUR. 1 26 Jul 65 - Meeting at GSFG Headquarters in Wuensdorf (USAFWIR request) with C/G GSFG to have Chiof USMLM deliver verbal qucry as to when a reply could.be expected to Gen O'Mcnra's letter tn Gen Koshevoy on 2 .Tune regarding the incident of I June at the USAIL11 Potsclam house. 29 Jul 65 - Meeting at SERB (USKM request). Chief USblLV took mitten statement af American defector Zicgler to SERB Lo request Soviet assistance in returning Ziegler to US 4rmy control in West Berlin. 5 Aug 65 - Meeting at SERB (SERB request) to protest actions of USMIM members (particularly several incidents involving Major Thompson) and to present the first of scvoral promised bills for damages result ing from evasive act tons of USMU liaison officers. Chiof SERB also stated he would like to make arrangements to discuss the bill presented on 30 ;Time by IJSMLN to SEm €or riot damages to UISklLY Potsdam house, resulting from 1 June incident. 9 dug 65 - Meetfng at USATIM Potsdam house between Deputy Chief UWLN and hputy Chief SERB (YZRB re- qirest) to discuss the bill presented by USMLX to SERB on 30 June for 1 Jlxne riot damages 11 Aug 65 - Meeting at SERB (USMLM request) to request information concerning US Army defector, SP 5 Claude D. Swain, who had been AWQL since 13 December 1964. 19 Aug 65 - Meetina at SERB {CSh!LM request) to deliver to SERB an authorized reply from CJS USAHEUR to SERB complaints presented at 5 AugueX meeting.
.. - - 23 Aug G5 - Mylceting at SMB (SERB request) tn deliver stetenrent from Clh'CGSFG IEen Koshevoy) to CTKCUSARKR (Gen O'Meara) concerning the I June rlot of East Germans in Potsdam re- sulting in damago to T1SA?LM house and grounds. 27 Aug 65 - Meeting at SERB (USFLY request) to deliver instructions for payment by SERB of bill for damages to USMTJ property caused by 1 June riot, through transfer of funds from an East German bank to a West German bank. 24 Sep 65 - Meeting at SERB (SERB request) to deliver statement from C/S GSFG (Gen Ariko) to C/S USAREUR (Gen Pachler) re violation of rcstrleted area by USKlM Vehtcle f20 wlth Lt Kolt and AlC Boyd, on 21 Seg 65. Arrangcmcnte for thc evacuation af Et Kdt and AlC Boyd from hospital in Gotha were disrussed at lengtl; Soviet cooperation was emphasized throughout the meeting. 8 &t 65 - Deputy Chief TJSCLV visited SERB to expedite trpnsfer of Lt KolL's credentials to ZR Cn? Swcnson, and withdraw request for Mjor Thompson's credentials, when Col Pinchuk again stated they were not reEdy. Cnl PInchuk took advsntage of the occasion to deliver THA Map 124.5, showing autobahns in south third of East Germany being restricted. (This turned into a meeting, rather shnrt and very informa I, a1though no prior arrange- ments had heen made,) 11 Oct 65 - Telephone conference between Deputy ChIef UEMLW arid Chtef SERR. Chdef SERB phoned USMLP Potsdam hmisc asking for Chief IISMLM. Potsdam duty officer advised ESMLl! Hq in Berlln. Chief USYI& was on the road and Deputy contacted Chief SERB at 1305 (ten mi nutes nfter nrigjnal call) I Col Pi nchvk delivered verbal telephonic protest from C/R GSFG CCen Ariko) over detention nf Xaj h'arris in current temporary restricted area. 18 Oct 6S - Meeting at SERB (SERB request) to transmit a letter from C/S GSFG to C/S US Ground Forms in Europc! lGcn Sibley]. Colonel Pinchuk slso delivered a verbal reply Prom CSS GFFG to C/S T:$AREIJR in answer to the latter's protest concerning the inclusion of autobahns in the present Soviet TRA 12-65. 3 h'ov 65 - Yxeeting at. BEXB IUSMW request) to inquire into the status of Maj Thompson's Soviet accreditation document and to request prompt action on the reissuance of tbI~document. Finchuk acized this opportunity to bring up tho issue of "guest passes". He further protested the incident of Capt Obuhanych and Sp Kemr violating Mission restrictton sign, Chief USMLM inquired about the possibfl ity of being invited to observe Soviet Army field training in connect ion with Gen Koshevoy's remarks at FYLM Bastille Dag recept Lon, 19 Fov 65 - Mccting at SERB (SERB request) to demand the removal sf Lt Colonel Shirl Swenson, WAF, from the US Kilitary Jlia~sonHission. 22 Nnv Eib - Meetirqg at SERB (SERR request) to deliver letter from CIS GSFG to C/S USAREUR (Maj kn Sibley) for transmittal by Chief USMLY. Letter dealt with tbe lnterfesence of ITS train commanders in fumtions of Soviet Military Pontrol Units at traffic regulating stat.ion. 3 hc 65 - Electing at SEI33 (USKLY request) to deliver protest re TJS duty train incident of 25 Not.. 7 Dcc 65 - Meeting at SEE3 (SERB request) to advise af c ha ngc in SERB telephone numhr! r , effective 100800 December, snd to further inform U5M.N that they will have to pay for long-distnnce communicatiuna within the Soviet Zone in the future. 20 Rec 65 - Meeting at SERB (USKLM request) to request reconsideration of GSFG actisn to remove the Soviet accreditation of Lt Col Swenson. Other topics of discussion included an inquiry as to the procedure desired by CIWCGSFG in ex- changing this year's Christmas gifts, and a request €OF infarmation on Private Billy M. Rein, RA 14659241, absent from his military unit since August 1965 and reportedly in East Germany, 111 24 Dec 65 - Meeting at USbQt,M Patsdam house CUSWLM re- quest) for the purpose of repeating the annual prmcdnre of delivering Christmas gifts from USAREUR to GSFG and from CSMIM to SERB, 29 Dec 65 - Meeting at USMLW Pntsdam heuse (SERB re- quest) for purpose of delivering Soviet holiday gifts and greetings of the Mew Year.. 30 Dcc 65 - l?eeting at SERE (SERB request) to furnish information concerning Pvt Rein, US defector, and to request clarification of recent USAREUR instructtons to SBaM-F concerning payment of all local and long-distance telo- phone service to Soviet Mission in Frankfurt. 30 Dec 65 - Meeting at SERB (USMTM request) to arrange for extension of USKLM vehicle passes due tu expire 3'1 December 1965, 31 Dec G5 - Meeting at SERB (VSMLM requast) to dlscum Sovfet ectlone in deleting several names from the USMLM guest pass request list for a traditional New Year's Eve party at USMLM Pot sdam house.
112 AmEX D (E) PERB!A?!ENif RESTRICTED AREAS ANNEX E (SI TEFPORARY RESTRICTED AREAS In 1965, GSFG imposed twelve Temporary Restricted AreY?s CTnA's) on Allied Eissior, trevel-, as follows: PRORABU PVRPOSE 1-65 Screen excrcl,se conducted by MI) III, RGA 2-65 15-22 Mar Screen Twentieth Guards ,4rmg exercise 3-65 26-33. Mar Covered exerc ise c onduc ted by MI V, EGA 4-65 1-3 Apr C'onnec ted Ju e te rbog a nd Altengrabow PRA's; possible CPX 5-65 5-9 hpr Screened joi r,t GSFG-EGA exercise ketween Berlin and West Germany 6-65 3-15 Ju~ Covered GSFG air defense exercise and CPX 7-65 25-30 Juri Screened EGA CPX 8-6 5 5-10 Jul Covered GSFG :bar Service Exercise 9-6 5 7-10 Au~ Covered EGA CPX 10-65, 9-18 AU(S (TRA 10) noth TRA's were in effect 11-65 12-13 Au~(TKA 11) concurrently and screened GSFG FTX 12 -6 5 9-27 Oct Covered Warsaw Pact exercise "October Stormmp UN CLASS1F I ED
Permanent Restricted Areas ~~~:.'~'+l...) . .
Temporary Restricted Arcd 1 for i965. THA was tffcrtrvc 10 throcKh 23 Febrrlary
11 5 UNCLASSIFIED
- - - W NC LASS IFl ED
I16 UNCLASSIFIED 117
_- ... I18 U NCLASS IF IED -- W NCUSSZFIED
0 20 40 60 to loo t””4 11 IL 01& T6 R ,~.:.j?: $. PPRMANENT RESTRICTED AREAS s I ,;: ,>’
SIXTH TEMPORARY RESTRICTED AREA FOR PERIOD 031800 - lSl000 JUNE 1965
120 Y MCMSSIFIEP W NIC LASS IF IED
'SEVENTH TEMPORARY RESTRICTED AREA FOR PERIOD 252400 - 302400 JUNE 1965 UNCLASSIFI&D
U61 CLASSI F31 E P UNCLASSIFIED
UNC USSI 71 ED m 0 PO40 60 10 100
124
UNCLASSIFIED AnXX F (C) TOURING STATISTIC§
KOTE: Local Tours are included in One Day Tours.
l?5
... .. ANNEX G IC) DETEKTX OM
DETAI fS Lt Col Callahan 070500 ,Tan 65, Potsdam. While en route to Berlin, e USMLY of€icer decided tn drive by and check signed off Instal- lation 286/&7. He turned off Route 2 onto a road which became impassable due to heavy tank trackage. While turning around to reeRter Routc 2, the vehicle became stuck. An East German ward called the Soviet Kommandatura which sent a truck to tow out and escort IJSRWf vehicle to Potsdam Kommandatura. Officer was released at 070910 Jan 65. Duratdon of detention: 4 hrs, 10 minutcs. Maj Farrer Sp4 Glasscock 181215 Jan 65, Wztstock. After abscrving a train load of tank in nranse railroad siding, USVPY team was followed from srea by Soviet major in UAZ-68. GSKU: vehicle became temporarily stuck in R mudhole, thereby cnabling 5ovjet vehicle to pass USXIU: cpr and block the roed. The teami was escorted f.o [.he IYittstock I 128 sign, but met a VOPO sedan. USMLM car attempted to back up but VOPO sedan kept advancing, remaining close to front of car, to prevent its going around. '&en large truck approached from rear of USMAZM car, VOPO's drew pistols and signaled it to bar rear movement of car. Team attempted to go around VOPO sedan, but it deliberately drove into path and collision resulted. Team car became stuck on road aide when road shoulder collapsed. At 1530 hrs the Meissen Kommandant arrived and demanded that USKLM officer come out of car in rain. He accused team of being in PRA (false) and of disobeying VOPO signal to halt. 1600 hrs Comman- dant directed team to follow Rim to Melssen. Team was released in Meissen at 2125 hrs. Duration: 9 hrs, 10 minutes. Maj C1 ayborne 131930 May, Petrlroda, A USMU team Sp4 G1 asscock bogged dmn approximately 1 W west Qf town. A local forester summoned VOPO, who in turn summoned a Soviet offfces. 2000 hrs, Soviet It col arrived. A civilran tractor arrived and extricated USMM car. Team followed Soviet It eo1 to Gotha Kormnnndatura, where team was accused of (1) violating lission restriction sign, (2) USkllhi off icsr was out of uniform (Soviets did not recognize WSMC uniform), (3) and team making uncomplimentary comments on Soviet Army and people (false), 2350 firs, team was released. Duration: 3 hrs, 90 minutes, Kaj Keleey 231130 Jun, Krumke. A USllrLM team entered Capt Rogers woods following Soviet battle cable. WC Ape1 Team encountered Soviet vehicle and 2 El!. Team backed up with intentdon to depart when one Soviet EM grabbed the other's AK and aimed at the USMLM car, after apparently chambering a round, Team stopped. 1325 hrs, a capt arrived and escorted team to Tittenbere Komman- datura, Toam was released at 1730 hrs. Duration: 6 hrs. 261130 Jun, Fittstock, A USMLM team en route from nranse to Wittstnck mct B Soviet truck which pulled across the road to block the tep.m. ?Wo YOPO's on motorcycles blocked rearward withdrawal. Team escnped on B aide-road, but was later detained when forced on a road that ended jn a field. The Wttstock Comandant arrived at i145 hrs and es- corted team .io Wittstock Kommandatura. Commandant accused team of violating signs to get to Drpnse (false) and of viol ating Euebiier-Rial iri in agreement by not stopping for Soviet soldiers. Team was released at 1700 hrs, nuration: 5 hfs, 30 minutes. Xaj Harris 091305 Oct, Gotha. A GSMLY Loam was Sp4 GI asscoclr stopped by Soviet officer in U3.7-59 OF Rt 7 In Gotha and led to Komn~n- datw~wai;ere informed tFat team kad violated area restricted as of morning of 9 October, Long detention was result of Commandant's interest in whether autobahn used to reach Gotha and attempts to verify whether team F>ad In fact de- parted Potsdftm prior to %A. 2208 hrs, team wm escorted on six-hour trip by back roads north ;rnd east to HsllZe in- stcad of ~~fl:~tli3 km to Elsenach aut,o- babn. 100400 &f; documents returned and team released on XnernbeFg autobfihn. nurtition: 14 brs, 15 minutes. Lt Col Callahpn XOlllO at, R~stork. VOPQ stated politely and family , , that he had instructions from Soviet Kommandatura to detain IrSYLM car. 1130 hrs, Soviet captain arrived and led car to Komandatura, After 30 minute wait, Soviet Cummandant stated he had taken action on East German complaints that sar was In voting RreBs. Car released at 123.0 hrs. Duretion: 1 hr. Capt Obirlranych 11 1830 Der:, Neudec k ITSKLM tc am st oppcd Fp4 Tjechert by YOPO and 3 East Germans on motorcycles while attcmpting to makc a U-!,urn in town. !.800 hrs, YOFO received I call tn re- lesse team. SWPO stated detention was caused by overzealous local town VCT'O. hiretion: 30 minutes, Lt Sol swenson lllC4O et, i:ostock. As team entered XSgt !%it ing CnStOr'i it WBS forced to stop 37 fCTU and East German Army cars. s!. truck loaded witk YOPO'a SOOR arrived and further blocked car- Plt l9OU hrs Soviet capt arrived to escort team to KQ~ZITI- datura. VOPO cnr cttcmpted to lead term to iCm"mdatura, but toam officer m- fused to move until VOW cars were with- drawn. Soviet capt final ly agreed and team followed Eoviet vehicle to Ko~~man- datura, arriving at 1930 hrs. At, Komnan- datura team was accused of being in restricted area in vicinE ty of Xettjchotk (false). Team was released at 2000 hrs. Duration: 2 hrs, 20 minutes. Cslonal Sbowronek 181700 Cct, Ralle. Chief USMLM on Nuern- kerg Actobahn was be ing unsuccessful 1p pursued by 3 RF6 survl vehicles. They apparently alerted another vehicle ahead and road block was unsuccessfully set up to block (?;ief south of Hrenha Cutoff, At an overpass a barrier of both lanes had been establ ished by VOPO's stopping all traffic and placing trucks to completely block road and skmlders. Chief UZYLV reversed direction af travel and atiempted to confuse trailing vehicles by turvlng off toward Kwlle. Ihwever, in fading Light. and city traffic YPS sedans carrgl?t up witl: and blocked Chief's vehicle. A Soviet captain from tbc: ITnlle Kommzln- datura Rrrived and escorted (Y j ef Lr.'s?U' to Kommsndatura. Commandant accuser! Chief of driving 2.30 frm per hour. Cief released nt 182080 Oct 65. Duration: Z hrs, 30 minutes. Capt Obuhanych 242015 Oct, Ralle. A USMLM team 18s at Sp6 Wzer gas station in Ylalle when team vehicle was blocked front and rear by a white Ope1 and a black lereedes which approach- ed without lights. A few minutes later 3 more vehicles arrived and further barricaded team vehfcle. At 2100 hrs, a Soviet It arrived and escorted team vehicle to Halle Komandatura. A Soviet maj accused team of speeding, running a column, breaking B restriction sign, care- less driving, running 8. rbU light, and running a RR crossing (all false), Team rel.eased at 250045 Oct 65. Duration: 4 hrs, 30 minutes. Colonel Skosrronek 281630 Dct, Nuernberg Autobahn, vicinity Yaraeburg Cutoff Chief USILBf observed that TRA sign on Nuernberg Abbn bad not been removed at end of "October Storm" exercise, He reported to Potsdam by telephone requesting SERB act ion to remove sign. Chief USMLM drove past sign and was stopped by an armed Soviet sentry. A Soviet lleutenant reported that the area was still TRA. Soviet It telephoned his Hq and was told the area wm still within TRA and that Mission vehicles could not pwrss. Bovlet lt returned Chief USMLM's documents and stated he was sorry but could not say when area restriction would end. Duration: 30 minutes. Colonel Skmonek 150930 Nov, Damgarten. Chief USMU,! en- countered unexpected road block on narrow, high banked section of Rt 105 near Damgarten, Blockade consisted of farm tractor and MFS BMW across bath lanes of road. USMLM vehicle was quickly blocked from behind by another MFS BMW, After about 15 minutes, 2 VDPO'a on motorcycles arrived and were dispatched to Damgarten. At 151045 Nov, Soviet Commandant arrived In East German clvllian vehicle, asked for documents and requested Chief, USMLM to come to Kommandatura to discuss the incident. At Komandatura, Comandant asked politely if there were any complainte. 132 Chief USMM obfectsd to being harassed by East German hoodlums in unmarked vehicles. Commandant said he was not responsible for act ion of East Germans. Commandant left room and returned about 30 minutes later and said that VOPO's complained that Chief USMW was driving 150 km per hour. Chief WSMLM said charge was false and objected to being detained on Ensubstantla1 complaints. At IzilZllrZ Nov$ Commandant returned Chief USk?U?'s documents, and wished him a safe journey, Duration: 2 hrs, 15 minutes. SSgt Kutz 041048 Dec, Fotsdam. Iko EM were on the Sp5 Stockton weakly administrative run to purchase breed for Fntsdam Miesion house. The house car vas parked fn a yard across the street from the bakery in Babalsbdrg. SSgt Kutz approached several civilian workers loading sand into R truck and asked them tf he coiild take their pictures using his Polaroid land camera. They eagerly consented. Kutz passed out several finished prints and took photo- graphs Qf several other cfvilfans with thefir consent. In each case, he gave the finished print to tbe subject. A VOPO approached as Kutz was handing a photo to an old man. The TOP0 appropriated the photo, and then closed the gate to the yard in which the car was parked and socured it with a chain, The VOPO then took the identification papers of the old man and pushed him into the yard. A:: 1340 hfs, a Sovfet colonel, a cetpt, and a civilian interpreter arrived from the Fotsdam Kofllnandatura as did Major Harris and SFC Mareau from the Fotsdam house, Maj Harrls demanded to know why the drivere were being held, The Soviet col suggested to Yaj Harris that the drivers return to the P~tsdamhocse and that Faj Flarris follow him to the Tots- dam ! 133 drivers were released at 1345 hrs, and Haj Harris followed the Soviet colonel to the Potsdam Knmmandrttura. At the Kommandatura, the col made a phone call then told Had Zfarris that the drivers were held because the VoPO's stated they were taking ptctures of many people and this was inappropriate. At 1405 hrs, Ma j Rarrfs departed the Kommanda tura l3urstion:. 2 hrs, 15 minutes. -134 INCIDENTS DATE DETAI r,s 28 Fel 65 At approximately 2230 hotirs an Rnst German civilian broke B window and entercd thc bascmert of the USMLBI Potsdam house. FIe requested assistance in fleeing Enst Germany, Fie was told that no assistance could be rendered to him and he departed the USMTd grounds. 3 May 65 During the night, the UWW flag pole had a bolt removed from its base and was toppled. The flag was down but not torn. A wooden, carved golden eagle was broken and flag pole bent. 16 my 65 Potsdam ''peaceful'' demonstration. (See Section VII, paragynph C) 21 Kay 65 Marvln Beltz, who dcfccted to East Germsny -in 1959, approached a USMLM officer in Baiitaen for assistance in returnjng to the West with his wife and two rhildren. 1 Jun 6S Potsdam house incident. (See Scctfnn YTT, paragraph D) 29 Jul 65 US Army defector ZicgLcr jumped into an open window at BRZXMXS Potsdam house and requested assistanno in retrirning to the West. {See Section VI, para- graph E) 21. Sep 65 Accident in Gotha, (See Section VITX, paragraph A3) 4 Oct 55 Major Kelseg and SP6 Kezer were pro- ceedina toward Thamsbruek in a heavy fog. As they approached a bridge they saw a Soviet ZIL-IS7 blocking the road. An officer and two soldiers with weapons jumped out of the truck when they Eaw the team approaching, fn order to avoid a confrontation, the team reversed dltection, and the Soviets fired two warning shots, 14 Oct 65 At 2000 hours, Kajor Farrar and Sp4 Dechert in a USMLM car were proceed- ing on an unlighted street in Koenigsteln, A vehicle approached from the opposite direction temporarily blinding the driver. The UISMW vehicle struck an East German pedestrian in dark clothing, who was walking In tho street about two feet from the curbing. The pedestrian wag momentarily stunned but coherent, and stated that he was all rjght. Injuries appeared to be limited to possible bruises and slight cuta on the left sfde bf his face. 136